The Yangtze River is one of the greatest water formations on the planet. Its length, in accordance with the official American gazetteer, is 6418 km (in many sources there is a figure of 6300 km). It is the third largest in the world after the Amazon and the Nile. The mighty water stream originates in the Tibetan Plateau. It is located north of the Himalayas and is considered the largest and highest in the world. Among the ice caps of the Tanga mountain range, directed to the sky, at an altitude of 5042 meters above sea level, the great river begins a long journey through the lands of China. Source coordinates: 33° 25′ 44″ s. sh. and 91° 10′ 57″ E. d.

Great Yangtze River

In this place, the glacier melts, and small streams rush down the mountain slope. Other streams flow into them and gradually form a turbulent stream. Gradually, he calms down, falling into the marshland of Qinghai province with its capital in Xining. Here the river is first called Ulan-Muren, then Muruy-Us, and then Ji-Chu.

After leaving the Qinghai administrative entity, the water flow turns south and ends up between the Tibet Autonomous Region, with its capital in Lhasa, and Sichuan Province, with its capital in Chengdu. This area is characterized by a valley surrounded by mountain ranges. These are the Sino-Tibetan mountains. They are a continuation of the Tibetan Plateau and are located to the east of it. In this area, the Yangtze River is locally called Jinshajiang. It carries its waters through deep gorges, forming stormy and dangerous rapids for people.

A motor ship with tourists sails along the Yangtze

The deepest is the Leaping Tiger Gorge. It is a canyon with steep slopes. Their height in some places reaches 2 kilometers. The canyon is located in Yunnan province with its capital in Kunming, adjacent to Sichuan. This area is characterized by a decrease in altitude up to 300 meters above sea level.

Having calmed its stormy mountain temper, the Yangtze River enters the Sichuan Basin. The current in this area is calm, and the width of the water stream reaches 500 meters. Further along the path of the mighty river, a mountain range appears, bordering the basin. Water breaks through it, and the channel at the same time narrows to 120-200 meters, and the depth in some places reaches 100 meters.

In the Sichuan basin, the Yangtze receives the waters of the Minjiang River, the most powerful of all tributaries. The addition is the Jialingjiang River. This is a left tributary. Its length is 1119 km. All this is happening in the Chongqing Central Administrative Region.

Chinese hydroelectric power station on the Yangtze, bearing the name "Three Gorges"

But then the river rushes to the province of Hubei with the capital in Wuhan. It is on the border of Chongqing and Hubei that the famous Chinese hydroelectric power station is located, bearing the romantic name "Three Gorges". It is the world's largest hydroelectric power plant. The length of the dam blocking the water flow is 2309 meters, and the height reaches 185 meters.

Behind the dam, the Yangtze River ends up on the Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province. Here, the water flow is locally called Changjiang. The great river begins to feed the effluents of many lakes. The largest of them is called Dongtinghu. It is located in Hunan Province, bordering Hubei Province. The lake is notable for such unique animals as the finless porpoise, which belongs to the cetacean order.

Further, the city of Wuhan appears on the path of the mighty stream. It is the largest metropolis in central China. It is in it that the Yangtze River receives the left tributary of the Hanshui. This is a large river with a length of 1532 km. She is well known throughout the world. In 2008, industrial waste was dumped in its upper reaches. The result was that 100 thousand people were left without drinking water.

Further, the river flows through the province of Anhui, with its capital in Hefei, and enters the province of Jiangsu, with its capital in Nanchang. On the right, the water flow receives the effluents of the largest lake in China, Poyang. The lake is notable for the fact that it is forbidden to fish in its waters. Thus, the Chinese authorities protect finless porpoises from the destruction. About 300 of them live in the lake.

Yangtze River on the map of China

Leaving behind the lands of Jiangsu Province, the Yangtze River meets the East China Sea and ends its long journey through the lands of the PRC. To the south of the confluence is the city of Shanghai. It has the status of a central subordination and borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang with the capital in Hangzhou. The population of the metropolis is about 25 million people. But back in the early 20th century, Shanghai was a small fishing village.

In its lower reaches, the Yangtze carries mighty waters across the Great Plain of China. In addition to the main channel, reaching a width of 2 km, the river forms numerous branches. The depth in these places reaches 20-30 meters. The water flow flows into the sea in 2 branches and forms an estuary at the confluence - the mouth of the river, in which there are no river sediments due to strong sea currents. The area of ​​the estuary is 80 thousand square meters. km.

The Yangtze River basin covers 20% of China's total area. 30% of the population lives in this area. Thanks to the mighty water flow, 25% of the country's total GDP is formed. In the 21st century, the Yangtze River has been hit hard by industrial pollution and agricultural runoff. Irreparable damage has been done to wetlands and lakes that feed the river with their runoff. All this has had a detrimental effect on the ecosystem. Some sections of the river today have the status of nature reserves and are protected by law.

Stanislav Lopatin

Yangtze (Yangtze, Blue River, Chinese Changjiang - Long River) (Yangtze, Chang Jiang), in China. The length is 5800 km (the longest river in China and Eurasia), the basin area is 1808.5 thousand km 2 (according to other sources, 5980 km and 1827 thousand km 2, respectively). One of the deepest rivers in the world.

It originates in the central part of the Tibetan Plateau, from the glaciers of the Tangla and Kukushili ridges. In the upper reaches (called Ulan-Muren, Muruy-Us, Ji-Chu) it flows in a wide marshy valley. Descending from the Tibetan Plateau and crossing the Sino-Tibetan Mountains, the Yangtze (called Jinshajiang) flows in narrow and deep gorges, forming numerous rapids. In the middle reaches, at the exit from the Sino-Tibetan Mountains, it flows along the southern outskirts of the Sichuan basin, where it has a calm current, reaching a width of 300-500 m. Crossing the eastern mountain frame of the basin, the Yangtze forms 3 gorges with a total length of about 100 km, where it narrows to 120-200 m, and in some places the depth reaches 100 m; this section of the current is called Sanxia. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze (under the name Changjiang, most commonly used in China), it flows mainly through the plains (Jianghan and the southern part of the Great Plain of China), in a well-developed valley, forming numerous channels and branches; the width of the main channel is 1-2 km, the depth is 20-30 m.

The main food the river receives in the summer from monsoon rains, in the upper reaches - also from the melting of mountain snows and glaciers. The average water flow is 34 thousand m 3 /s, the annual flow is estimated at 1070 km 3 (4th place in the world). Summer high water, frequent floods (for protection against which 2.7 thousand km of dams were built, up to 10-12 m high). Large floods were in 1870, 1896, 1931, 1949, 1954. The water level rises during the summer flood in the Sichuan basin exceeded 20 m, in the lower reaches - 10-15 m. In the gorges, flood traces were noted at a height of up to 40 m above the lowest (winter) level. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze, it is influenced by sea tides, which spread up the river for 750 km (to the city of Jiujiang).

The Yangtze brings to the mouth 280-300 million tons of sediment annually, which causes a rapid growth of the delta (an average of 1 km in 35-40 years). For most of the course, the waters of the Yangtze have a brownish-yellow hue (the name "Blue River" given by Europeans is not true). On the plains of the lower reaches of the Yangtze, a significant part of the sediment is deposited in the channel, silting up and raising the channel above the adjacent territory. In most of the Yangtze, it does not freeze in winter, freezing is observed only in the upper reaches, in areas with a calm current.

The waters of the Yangtze and its tributaries are widely used for irrigation (mainly in the Sichuan basin and in the lower reaches of the river). Fishing (carp, silver carp, white and black carp, etc.) is widely developed in the basin of the Dongting, Poyang, and Taihu lakes. Significant hydro resources. It is navigable for 2850 km (the main waterway of China), to the foothills of the Sino-Tibet Mountains. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze, it is connected to

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The meaning of the word yangtze

yangtze in the crossword dictionary

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

yangtze

YANGZI (Yangtze, Blue River) in China. 5800 km, the longest in Eurasia, the basin area is 1808.5 thousand km2. Beginning in the Tibetan Plateau; crosses the Sino-Tibetan mountains, the Sichuan basin (below which it forms 3 gorges), irrigates the Jianghan and Great Chinese plains; flows into the East China m., forming an estuary. The main tributaries are Yalongjiang, Minjiang, Jialingjiang, Hanshui (left). In the Yangtze Valley - Lake. Dongtinghu, Poyanghu, Taihu. The average water consumption is 34 thousand m3/s. Summer high water, frequent floods (for protection against which 2.7 thousand km of dams were built). It is navigable for 2850 km (the main waterway of China), connected to the Grand Canal. Significant hydro resources. On the Yangtze - the cities of Chongqing, Wuhan (the beginning of maritime navigation), Nanjing; near the mouth - the seaport of Shanghai.

Yangtze

Yangtzejiang, the Blue River, is the largest river in China and Eurasia. The length is 5800 km, the basin area is 1808.5 thousand km2 (according to other sources, 5980 km and 1827 thousand km2, respectively). It originates in the central part of the Tibetan Plateau, from the glaciers of the Tangla and Kukushili ridges. In the upper reaches (under the name of Ulan-Muren) it flows in a wide marshy valley; Descending from the Tibetan Plateau and crossing the Sino-Tibetan Mountains, Ya (called Jinshajiang) flows in narrow and deep gorges, forming numerous rapids. In the middle reaches, after leaving the Sino-Tibetan Mountains, it flows along the southern outskirts of the Sichuan Basin, where it has a calm current. reaching a width of 300–500 m. Crossing the eastern mountainous rim of the basin, Yakut forms three gorges with a total length of about 100 km, where it narrows to 120–200 m, and the depth reaches 100 m in places. this section of the current is called Sanxia. In the lower reaches of the Yankee (under the name Changjiang, most commonly used in China), it flows mainly through the plains (Jianghan and the southern part of Great China), in a well-developed valley, forming numerous channels and branches; the width of the main channel is 1≈2 km, the depth is 20≈30 m. It flows into the East China Sea in two main branches, forming a delta (an area of ​​about 80,000 km2). In the Ya valley there are numerous lakes (the largest are Dongtinghu and Poyanghu), which largely regulate the flow of the river in its lower reaches. The main tributaries—the Yalongjiang, the Minjiang, the Chialingjiang, and the Khanynui (Izuihe)—flow into Yalong from the left.

The river receives its main nourishment in the summer from monsoon rains, and in the upper reaches also from the melting of mountain snows and glaciers. During summer floods, water level rises in the Sichuan Basin exceeded 20 m, in the lower reaches ≈ 10≈15 m. In the gorges, traces of floods were noted at a height of up to 40 m above the lowest level observed in winter. The average water discharge near the mouth is 34 thousand m3/s (according to other sources, about 22 thousand m3/s), the annual flow is estimated at 1070 km3 (4th place in the world). In the lower reaches of Japan, it is influenced by sea tides, which spread up the river for 750 km (as far as the city of Jiujiang). The river carries 280–300 million tons of sediment to its mouth every year, which causes a rapid growth of the delta (by an average of 1 km in 35–40 years). In most of the course of the Yakut waters, they have a brownish-yellow hue (the name "Blue River" given by Europeans does not correspond to reality). On the plains of the lower reaches of Yakutia, a significant part of the sediment is deposited in the channel, silting it up and raising it above the adjacent territory. To prevent flood waters from flooding nearby plains along the banks of Yakutia and some of its tributaries, dams about 2,700 km long and up to 10–12 m high were built. Dams and water distribution structures in the lower reaches of Yakutia reduced the threat of flooding, but did not completely eliminate it . There were major floods in 1870, 1896, 1931, 1949, and 1954. It does not freeze over most of the course of the Yakutsk in winter; freezing occurs only in the upper reaches, in areas with a calm current.

The waters of Yakutia and its tributaries are widely used for irrigation (mainly in the Sichuan Basin and in the lower reaches of the river). Japan is navigable for 2,850 km, to the foothills of the Sino-Tibetan Mountains. Sea vessels with a displacement of up to 10,000 tons rise to Wuhan. In the lower reaches of the Yakutsk, it is crossed by the Grand Canal. In the basins of the Dongting-hu, Poyang, and Taihu lakes, fishing is widely developed (carp, silver carp, grass carp, and black carp). The rivers of the river basin. The Yangtze is rich in hydropower resources, which are estimated at 217 million kilowatts. A large hydroelectric complex is under construction (1978) in the Sanxia Gorges. Na Ya ≈ gg. Yibin, Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing; near the mouth is the seaport of Shanghai.

Lit .: Muranov A.P., Yangtze River, L., 1959.

A. P. Muranov.

Wikipedia

Yangtze

Yangtze- the longest and most abundant river in Eurasia, the third river in the world in terms of full flow and length. It flows through the territory of China, has a length of about 6300 km, the basin area is 1,808,500 km².

The Yangtze basin covers about a fifth of China's territory, and about a third of the country's inhabitants live there. Along with the Yellow River, the Yangtze is the most important river in China's history, culture and economy. The prosperous Yangtze Delta region generates up to 20% of China's GDP. The Three Gorges HPP on the Yangtze River is the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world. The river is an important physical and cultural dividing line between North and South China.

The Yangtze River flows through a large number of ecosystems and is itself home to several endemic and endangered species, including Chinese river dolphins, Chinese alligators and Korean sturgeons. Some sections of the river are currently protected as nature reserves. The section of the Yangtze in western Yunnan, where the river flows through deep gorges, is part of the Three Parallel Rivers National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Examples of the use of the word Yangtze in literature.

Further, the chain of camps stretched north, curving along with the coastline and turning east along Yangtze, where the Nipponians were fortified from the other flank, guarding against an attack from the alluvial plain.

It used to be stray cattle from Yangtze up to the daisies ballooned - here.

In addition, the entire fleet, which numbered several thousand warships and about two hundred thousand warriors under the command of the commander Wang Xun of the Soaring Dragon and the commander of Tang Bin, who glorified weapons, had to enter the river Yangtze and start hostilities in Jiangdong.

The city is located on the south bank of the river Yangtze, 60 li east of Yangxin, Hubei Province.

Fleet called from Yangtze, delivered the army to the mouths of the Liaohe, where she met the army of the Mongols who stopped to rest.

On his advice, Sun Xiu awarded Lu Kang, the son of the deceased commander Lu Sun, the title of Conqueror of the East, I ordered him to guard the approaches to the river Yangtze from Jingzhou County.

And on the far wall, almost from ceiling to floor, a wide scroll was unfolded - a wonderful watercolor: sakura blooms with abundant and bright blooms, as there, beyond Chongqing, on the cliffs of a mighty river Yangtze.

In Shandong, in particular, large sums have already been invested in mining, in the basin Yangtze we are fighting against English trade, in the province of Hubei they built a railway linking the three large cities of Wuchang, Wuhan and Hanyang.

It is necessary to lead ships from the Caiying River to the Huaihe River and capture Shouchun, and then reach Guangling, cross Yangtze and take Nanxu.

Meanwhile, scouts reported to Sun Quan that Cao Pei had left the Caiying River for the Huaihe River and that an army of 300,000 men intended to capture Guangling and cross to the south bank. Yangtze.

Now rivers Yangtze and Huaihe do not represent such an impregnable barrier for us as the mountains near Jiange during the war against the kingdom of Shu.

Until the Europeans were allowed in, Shanghai was a fortified fishing village on the banks of the Huangpu, a few miles upstream of its confluence with the estuary. Yangtze.

Outside the windows of the airport, heavy streams of rain washed the nanotech suspension into the sewers, into Huangpu, and then into Yangtze.

No city in the world is as beautiful as Pudong at night, but Nell was always drawn to look beyond, to Huangpu, to Yangtze or to the bend of the Pacific Ocean beyond New Zhusin.

(I)

K: Rivers in alphabetical order K: Water bodies in alphabetical order K: Rivers up to 10,000 km in length K: River card: fill in: Yangtze Yangtze region

The Yangtze basin covers about a fifth of China's territory, and about a third of the country's inhabitants live there. Along with the Yellow River, the Yangtze is the most important river in China's history, culture, and economy. The prosperous Yangtze Delta region generates up to 20% of China's GDP. HPP "Three Gorges" on the Yangtze River is the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world. The river is an important physical and cultural dividing line between North and South China.

The Yangtze River flows through a large number of ecosystems and is itself home to several endemic and endangered species, including Chinese river dolphins (now extinct), Chinese alligators, and Korean sturgeons. Some sections of the river are currently protected as nature reserves. The section of the Yangtze in western Yunnan, where the river flows through deep gorges, is part of the Three Parallel Rivers National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Geography

The source of the Yangtze is located west of Mount Geladandun Tangla, in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau at an altitude of about 5600 m above sea level. The river flows through the southern regions of Qinghai Province, and then turns south and along a deep valley that serves as the border between Sichuan and Tibet, reaches Yunnan Province. In this valley, located in the Sino-Tibetan mountains, the main drop in height occurs - from 5 thousand to 1 thousand m. Here the river changes direction several times and forms deep gorges, such as Tiger Leaping Gorge.

Riverboat navigation starts from Shuifu County, Yunnan Province. Closer to the city of Yibin, which is located at the entrance of the river to the Sichuan basin, the river drops to a height of 305 m, and near the city of Chongqing, the height of the river relative to the sea is 192 m. its volume. On the 320-kilometer stretch from Chongqing to Yichang, the Yangtze drops to 40m as it flows through deep gorges known for their beauty and difficulty in navigation. Making its way further through the Wushan Mountains, the river serves as a natural border between the provinces of Chongqing and Hubei and forms the famous "Three Gorges" ("Sanxia"). The world's largest hydropower facility, the Sanxia, ​​was built in the area.

(Other authors, however, used the name Blue River only for the Sichuan tributary of the Yangtze, the Minjiang River, based on the informal name Qingshui 清水 - "Clear Water" used in this region).

Description

The average water flow near the mouth is 34 thousand m³ per second, the annual flow is estimated at 1070 km³ (4th place in the world). The solid runoff of the Yangtze exceeds 280 million tons per year, which leads to a rapid increase in the delta - an average of 1 km in 35-40 years. A large amount of impurities also explains the yellow color of the river's waters.

Along the coast of China is the Grand Canal, connecting the Yangtze with the Yellow River. In addition, starting in 2002, China began to implement a project to transfer water from south to north from the Yangtze basin to the Yellow River.

Average annual runoff

The flow of the river was measured for 64 years (1923-1986) in the city of Datong, located about 511 km from its mouth in the East China Sea.

At Datong, the average annual flow observed during this period was 28,811 m³/s, with a watershed of 1,712,673 km². This area makes up more than 95% of the total catchment area of ​​the river, and the flow in this place differs only slightly from the final flow at the mouth.

The average rainfall in the river basin thus reaches 531 millimeters per year.

Average monthly discharge of the Yangtze River (in m³/s) measured at the Datong Metering Station
Measurements were taken over 64 years

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The maximum water flow recorded in Datong City during this long observation period was 84,200 m³/s, while the minimum water flow was 1110 m³/s.

Historical information

On the banks of the lower reaches of the Yangtze, the civilization of southern China appeared. Evidence of human activity 27,000 years ago has been found in the Three Gorges area. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the kingdom of Shu was located in the western part of the Yangtze, the kingdom of Chu occupied the central part of the river, and the kingdoms and Yue were located on the lower reaches of the river. Although the Yellow River region was richer and more developed at that time, the mild climate of the Yangtze favored agriculture.

Historically, the Yangtze has been the border between northern and southern China several times due to the difficulty of crossing it. Many battles took place along the river, including the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 CE. e. in the Age of the Three Kingdoms.

On October 16, 1926, a Chinese transport exploded on the Yangtze River, near Klukiang; more than 1200 people became victims of the tragedy.

Dams

As of 2013, there are two dams on the Yangtze River: Three Gorges and Gezhouba. The third dam "Silodu" is currently under construction. Three more dams are under design.

tributaries

Expeditions on the first ascent of the Yangtze

Facts

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Notes

1. - Encyclopaedia Britannica
2. Accessed 2010-09-10
3. . earthobservatory.nasa.gov. Retrieved November 3, 2009.
4. , Accessed August 3, 2009
6. Schuessler, Axel (2006), , Abc Chinese Dictionary Series, University of Hawaii Press, p. 306, ISBN 0824829751 ,
7. For example, Academic Press for the Linnean Society of London, 1895
8. in TSB
9. Room, Adrian (2003), McFarland, ISBN 0786418141 ,
10. Davenport, Arthur (1877) , Harrison and Sons, pp. 10-11 ,
14. Skryagin L. N."300 catastrophes that shook the world".
15. only in the section from Yibin to Shanghai
16. (English)
18. (English)
19. (International swim across the Yangtze 2002). (English)
20. , by RICHARD H. SOLOMON. (Time Magazine, SEPTEMBER 27, 1999 VOL. 154 NO. 12)
21. (English)

Literature

• Grum-Grzhimailo G.E.,.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Muranov A.P.. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1959. - 124 p. - (Rivers of the globe).

Links

• Yangtze / Muranov A.P. // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

An excerpt characterizing the Yangtze

- Well, countryman, they will put us here, or what? Ali to Moscow? - he said.
Pierre was so thoughtful that he did not hear the question. He looked first at the cavalry regiment, which now met with the train of wounded, then at the cart by which he stood and on which two wounded were sitting and lying alone, and it seemed to him that here, in them, was the solution of the question that occupied him. One of the soldiers sitting on the cart was probably wounded in the cheek. His whole head was tied with rags, and one cheek was swollen with a child's head. His mouth and nose were on the side. This soldier looked at the cathedral and crossed himself. Another, a young boy, a recruit, blond and white, as if completely without blood in his thin face, looked at Pierre with a stopped kind smile; the third lay prone, and his face was not visible. Cavalry riders passed over the cart itself.
- Oh, it’s gone ... yes, Yezhov’s head ...
- Yes, they are tenacious on a foreign side ... - they made a dance soldier's song. As if echoing them, but in a different kind of merriment, the metallic sounds of chimes were interrupted in the heights. And, in yet another kind of fun, the hot rays of the sun poured over the top of the opposite slope. But down the slope, by the cart with the wounded, beside the out of breath horse, by which Pierre was standing, it was damp, overcast and sad.
A soldier with a swollen cheek looked angrily at the troopers of the cavalry.
- Oh, dandies! he said reproachfully.
- Today, not only a soldier, but also seen peasants! The peasants are being driven out, too, ”said the soldier who stood behind the cart and turned to Pierre with a sad smile. - Today they don’t sort it out ... They want to pile on all the people, one word - Moscow. They want to make one end. - Despite the vagueness of the soldier's words, Pierre understood everything he wanted to say and nodded his head approvingly.
The road cleared, and Pierre went downhill and drove on.
Pierre rode, looking around on both sides of the road, looking for familiar faces and everywhere meeting only unfamiliar military faces of different branches of the armed forces, looking with the same surprise at his white hat and green coat.
Having traveled four versts, he met his first acquaintance and joyfully turned to him. This acquaintance was one of the leading doctors in the army. He rode towards Pierre in a cart, sitting next to the young doctor, and, recognizing Pierre, stopped his Cossack, who was sitting on the goats instead of the coachman.
- Count! Your Excellency, how are you? the doctor asked.
Yes, I would like to see...
- Yes, yes, there will be something to see ...
Pierre got down and, stopping, talked to the doctor, explaining to him his intention to participate in the battle.
The doctor advised Bezukhov to turn directly to his lord.
“Why, God knows where you are during the battle, in obscurity,” he said, exchanging glances with his young comrade, “but the brightest still knows you and will graciously accept you. So, father, do it, - said the doctor.
The doctor seemed tired and in a hurry.
- So you think ... And I also wanted to ask you, where is the very position? Pierre said.
- Position? the doctor said. - It's not my thing. You will pass Tatarinov, there is a lot of digging. There you will enter the barrow: you can see it from there,” said the doctor.
- And can you see it from there? .. If you ...
But the doctor interrupted him and moved to the britzka.
- I would accompany you, yes, by God, - here (the doctor pointed to his throat) I am galloping to the corps commander. After all, how is it with us? .. You know, count, tomorrow there is a battle: for a hundred thousand troops, a small number of twenty thousand wounded must be counted; and we have no stretchers, no beds, no paramedics, no doctors for six thousand. There are ten thousand carts, but you need something else; do as you wish.
That strange thought that out of those thousands of people alive, healthy, young and old, who looked with cheerful surprise at his hat, there were probably twenty thousand doomed to wounds and death (perhaps the very ones he saw), Pierre was startled.
They may die tomorrow, why do they think of anything other than death? And suddenly, due to some secret connection of thoughts, he vividly imagined the descent from the Mozhaisk mountain, carts with the wounded, ringing, slanting rays of the sun and the song of the cavalrymen.
“The cavalrymen go to battle and meet the wounded, and do not think for a minute about what awaits them, but walk past and wink at the wounded. And of all these, twenty thousand are doomed to death, and they are surprised at my hat! Weird!" thought Pierre, heading further towards Tatarinova.
At the landowner's house, on the left side of the road, there were carriages, wagons, crowds of batmen and sentries. Here stood the brightest. But at the time Pierre arrived, he was not there, and almost no one from the staff was there. Everyone was in prayer. Pierre rode forward to Gorki.
Driving up the mountain and driving out into a small village street, Pierre saw for the first time militia men with crosses on their hats and in white shirts, who, with a loud voice and laughter, were animated and sweaty, were working something to the right of the road, on a huge mound overgrown with grass .
Some of them were digging the mountain with shovels, others were carrying the earth along the boards in wheelbarrows, others were standing, doing nothing.
Two officers stood on the mound, directing them. Seeing these peasants, obviously still amused by their new military situation, Pierre again remembered the wounded soldiers in Mozhaisk, and it became clear to him what the soldier wanted to express, saying that they wanted to pile on all the people. The sight of these bearded men working on the battlefield with their strange clumsy boots, with their sweaty necks and some of their shirts unbuttoned at the slanting collar, from under which the tanned bones of the collarbones could be seen, had an effect on Pierre more than anything he had seen and heard so far. about the solemnity and significance of the present moment.

Pierre got out of the carriage and, past the working militias, ascended the mound from which, as the doctor told him, the battlefield was visible.
It was eleven o'clock in the morning. The sun stood somewhat to the left and behind Pierre and brightly illuminated through the clean, rare air the huge panorama that opened before him like an amphitheater along the rising terrain.
Up and to the left along this amphitheater, cutting through it, the big Smolenskaya road wound, going through a village with a white church, lying five hundred paces in front of the mound and below it (this was Borodino). The road crossed under the village across the bridge and through the descents and ascents wound higher and higher to the village of Valuev, which could be seen six miles away (Napoleon was now standing in it). Behind Valuev, the road was hidden in a yellowed forest on the horizon. In this forest, birch and spruce, to the right of the direction of the road, a distant cross and the bell tower of the Kolotsky Monastery glittered in the sun. Throughout this blue distance, to the right and left of the forest and the road, in different places one could see smoking fires and indefinite masses of our and enemy troops. To the right, along the course of the Kolocha and Moskva rivers, the area was ravine and mountainous. Between their gorges, the villages of Bezzubovo and Zakharyino could be seen in the distance. To the left, the terrain was more even, there were fields with grain, and one could see one smoking, burned village - Semenovskaya.
Everything that Pierre saw to the right and to the left was so indefinite that neither the left nor the right side of the field fully satisfied his idea. Everywhere there was not a share of the battle that he expected to see, but fields, clearings, troops, forests, smoke from fires, villages, mounds, streams; and no matter how much Pierre disassembled, he could not find positions in this living area and could not even distinguish your troops from the enemy.
“We must ask someone who knows,” he thought, and turned to the officer, who was looking with curiosity at his unmilitary huge figure.
“Let me ask,” Pierre turned to the officer, “which village is ahead?”
- Burdino or what? – said the officer, addressing his comrade with a question.
- Borodino, - correcting, answered the other.
The officer, apparently pleased with the opportunity to talk, moved towards Pierre.
Are ours there? Pierre asked.
“Yes, and the French are farther away,” said the officer. “There they are, they are visible.
- Where? where? Pierre asked.
- You can see it with the naked eye. Yes, here, here! The officer pointed with his hand at the smoke visible to the left across the river, and on his face appeared that stern and serious expression that Pierre had seen on many faces he met.
Oh, it's French! And there? .. - Pierre pointed to the left at the mound, near which troops were visible.
- These are ours.
- Ah, ours! And there? .. - Pierre pointed to another distant mound with a large tree, near the village, visible in the gorge, near which fires were also smoking and something blackened.
"It's him again," the officer said. (It was the Shevardinsky redoubt.) - Yesterday was ours, and now it's his.
So what is our position?
- Position? said the officer with a smile of pleasure. - I can tell you this clearly, because I built almost all of our fortifications. Here, you see, our center is in Borodino, right here. He pointed to a village with a white church in front. - There is a crossing over the Kolocha. Here, you see, where rows of cut hay lie in the lowlands, here is the bridge. This is our center. Our right flank is where (he pointed steeply to the right, far into the gorge), there is the Moskva River, and there we built three very strong redoubts. The left flank ... - and then the officer stopped. - You see, it's hard to explain to you ... Yesterday our left flank was right there, in Shevardin, over there, you see where the oak is; and now we have taken back the left wing, now out, out - see the village and the smoke? - This is Semenovskoye, yes here, - he pointed to the mound of Raevsky. “But it’s unlikely that there will be a battle here. That he moved troops here is a hoax; he, right, will go around to the right of Moscow. Well, yes, wherever it is, we will not count many tomorrow! the officer said.
The old non-commissioned officer, who approached the officer during his story, silently waited for the end of his superior's speech; but at this point he, obviously dissatisfied with the words of the officer, interrupted him.
“You have to go for tours,” he said sternly.
The officer seemed to be embarrassed, as if he realized that one could think about how many people would be missing tomorrow, but one should not talk about it.
“Well, yes, send the third company again,” the officer said hastily.
“And what are you, not one of the doctors?”
“No, I am,” Pierre answered. And Pierre went downhill again past the militia.
- Ah, the damned! - said the officer following him, pinching his nose and running past the workers.
- There they are! .. They are carrying, they are coming ... There they are ... now they will come in ... - suddenly voices were heard, and officers, soldiers and militias ran forward along the road.
A church procession rose from under the mountain from Borodino. Ahead of all, along the dusty road, the infantry marched harmoniously with their shakos removed and their guns lowered down. Church singing was heard behind the infantry.
Overtaking Pierre, without hats, soldiers and militias ran towards the marchers.
- They carry mother! Intercessor! .. Iberian! ..
“Mother of Smolensk,” corrected another.
The militia - both those who were in the village and those who worked on the battery - having thrown their shovels, ran towards the church procession. Behind the battalion, which was marching along the dusty road, were priests in robes, one old man in a klobuk with a clergy and singers. Behind them, soldiers and officers carried a large icon with a black face in salary. It was an icon taken from Smolensk and since that time carried by the army. Behind the icon, around it, in front of it, from all sides they walked, ran and bowed to the ground with bare heads of a crowd of soldiers.
Having ascended the mountain, the icon stopped; the people holding the icon on towels changed, the deacons lit the censer again, and a prayer service began. The hot rays of the sun beat down sheer from above; a weak, fresh breeze played with the hair of open heads and the ribbons with which the icon was removed; the singing resounded softly in the open air. A huge crowd with open heads of officers, soldiers, militias surrounded the icon. Behind the priest and the deacon, in the cleared place, stood officials. One bald general with George around his neck stood right behind the priest and, without crossing himself (obviously a German), patiently waited for the end of the prayer service, which he considered it necessary to listen to, probably to excite the patriotism of the Russian people. Another general stood in a warlike pose and shook his hand in front of his chest, looking around him. Between this official circle, Pierre, standing in a crowd of peasants, recognized some acquaintances; but he did not look at them: all his attention was absorbed by the serious expression on the faces of this crowd of soldiers and militants, monotonously greedily looking at the icon. As soon as the tired deacons (who sang the twentieth prayer service) began to lazily and habitually sing: “Save your servant from troubles, the Mother of God,” and the priest and deacon picked up: “For we all come running to you, like an indestructible wall and intercession,” - at all faces flashed again the same expression of consciousness of the solemnity of the coming minute, which he saw under the mountain in Mozhaisk and in fits and starts on many, many faces he met that morning; and more often heads drooped, hair was shaken, and sighs and blows of crosses on the breasts were heard.
The crowd surrounding the icon suddenly opened up and pressed Pierre. Someone, probably a very important person, judging by the haste with which they shunned him, approached the icon.
It was Kutuzov, making the rounds of the position. He, returning to Tatarinova, went up to the prayer service. Pierre immediately recognized Kutuzov by his special figure, which was different from everyone else.
In a long frock coat on a huge thick body, with a stooped back, with an open white head and with a leaky, white eye on a swollen face, Kutuzov entered the circle with his diving, swaying gait and stopped behind the priest. He crossed himself with his usual gesture, reached the ground with his hand and, sighing heavily, lowered his gray head. Behind Kutuzov was Benigsen and his retinue. Despite the presence of the commander-in-chief, who attracted the attention of all the higher ranks, the militia and soldiers, without looking at him, continued to pray.
When the prayer service ended, Kutuzov went up to the icon, knelt down heavily, bowing to the ground, and tried for a long time and could not get up from heaviness and weakness. His gray head twitched with effort. Finally, he got up and, with a childishly naive protrusion of his lips, kissed the icon and bowed again, touching the ground with his hand. The generals followed suit; then the officers, and behind them, crushing each other, trampling, puffing and pushing, with excited faces, soldiers and militias climbed up.

Swaying from the crush that engulfed him, Pierre looked around him.
- Count, Pyotr Kirilych! How are you here? said a voice. Pierre looked back.
Boris Drubetskoy, cleaning his knees, which he had soiled with his hand (probably, also kissing the icon), approached Pierre smiling. Boris was dressed elegantly, with a hint of marching militancy. He was wearing a long frock coat and a whip over his shoulder, just like Kutuzov's.
Kutuzov, meanwhile, went up to the village and sat down in the shade of the nearest house on a bench, which one Cossack ran at a run, and another hastily covered with a rug. A huge, brilliant retinue surrounded the commander-in-chief.
The icon moved on, accompanied by the crowd. Pierre stopped about thirty paces from Kutuzov, talking to Boris.
Pierre explained his intention to participate in the battle and inspect the position.
“Here’s how to do it,” said Boris. - Je vous ferai les honneurs du camp. [I will treat you to the camp.] The best way to see everything is from where Count Bennigsen will be. I'm with him. I will report to him. And if you want to go around the position, then go with us: we are now going to the left flank. And then we will return, and you are welcome to spend the night with me, and we will form a party. You know Dmitri Sergeyevich, don't you? He is standing here, - he pointed to the third house in Gorki.
“But I would like to see the right flank; they say he is very strong,” said Pierre. - I would like to drive from the Moscow River and the entire position.
- Well, you can do it later, but the main one is the left flank ...
- Yes Yes. And where is the regiment of Prince Bolkonsky, can you tell me? Pierre asked.
- Andrey Nikolaevich? we'll pass by, I'll take you to him.
What about the left flank? Pierre asked.
“To tell you the truth, entre nous, [between us] our left flank, God knows in what position,” said Boris, lowering his voice trustingly, “Count Benigsen did not expect that at all. He intended to strengthen that mound over there, not at all like that ... but, - Boris shrugged his shoulders. – His Serene Highness did not want to, or they told him. After all ... - And Boris did not finish, because at that time Kaisarov, Kutuzov's adjutant, approached Pierre. - BUT! Paisiy Sergeyevich, - said Boris, turning to Kaisarov with a free smile, - And here I am trying to explain the position to the count. It's amazing how his Serene Highness could so correctly guess the intentions of the French!
– Are you talking about the left flank? Kaisarov said.
- Yes yes exactly. Our left flank is now very, very strong.
Despite the fact that Kutuzov expelled all the superfluous from the headquarters, Boris, after the changes made by Kutuzov, managed to stay at the main apartment. Boris joined Count Benigsen. Count Benigsen, like all the people with whom Boris was, considered the young Prince Drubetskoy an invaluable person.
There were two sharp, definite parties in command of the army: the party of Kutuzov and the party of Bennigsen, the chief of staff. Boris was with this last game, and no one, like him, was able, paying obsequious respect to Kutuzov, to make it feel that the old man was bad and that the whole thing was being conducted by Benigsen. Now came the decisive moment of the battle, which was to either destroy Kutuzov and transfer power to Bennigsen, or, even if Kutuzov won the battle, make it feel that everything was done by Bennigsen. In any case, big awards were to be distributed for tomorrow and new people were to be put forward. And as a result, Boris was in an irritated animation all that day.
After Kaisarov, other of his acquaintances approached Pierre, and he did not have time to answer the questions about Moscow with which they bombarded him, and did not have time to listen to the stories that they told him. Every face showed excitement and anxiety. But it seemed to Pierre that the reason for the excitement expressed on some of these faces lay more in matters of personal success, and he couldn’t get out of his head that other expression of excitement that he saw on other faces and which spoke of not personal, but general questions. , matters of life and death. Kutuzov noticed the figure of Pierre and the group gathered around him.
“Call him to me,” said Kutuzov. The adjutant conveyed the wish of his Serene Highness, and Pierre went to the bench. But even before him, an ordinary militiaman approached Kutuzov. It was Dolokhov.

The Yangtze is the longest and deepest river on the entire continent of Eurasia. In the world in these parameters, it ranks third. The Yangtze flows through the territory of the People's Republic of China. In the 19th century, European sources referred to the river as the Blue River, perhaps in opposition to the yellow Yellow River. The waters of the Yangtze are actually muddy and the name "Blue River" is not very appropriate. River length: 6,300 km. It is the third longest river in the world. Drainage basin area: 1,808.5 sq. km. The Yangtze River originates in the Tibetan Plateau. The height of the source above sea level is 5600 meters. From its source, the river flows for a long time side by side with another large river in Asia - the Mekong. In the upper reaches, the river makes its way through the Sino-Tibetan mountains. Here the main drop in height occurs - from 5000 to 1000 meters. In the Sino-Tibetan mountains, the river quite often changes the direction of its flow and forms narrow, deep gorges.

In the middle reaches, the river passes through the Sichuan Basin. After confluence with the major tributaries Jialingjiang and Minjiang near Chongqing, the river flows through deep gorges known for their beauty and difficulty of navigation. Making its way even further, through the mountains of Wushan, the river forms the famous "Three Gorges". The largest hydroelectric power station in the world was built here: "Three Gorges" ("Sanxia").
In the lower reaches of the Yangtze, it passes through the Sichuan Basin and flows further along the southern part of the Great Plain of China. Here the Yangtze receives the waters of the largest
China freshwater lake Poyang. Generally speaking, four of China's five largest freshwater lakes drain into the Yangtze. In the plain, the river is often divided into branches. At the same time, the width of the main channel exceeds 2 km. Finally, at Shanghai, the Yangtze flows into the East China Sea of ​​the Pacific Ocean. At the mouth, the river forms a wide delta (with an area of ​​80 thousand sq. km.)

River mode: The average water discharge at the mouth becomes 34 thousand m3/s, the annual flow is 1070 km3 (this is the fourth largest in the world).
Nutrition: mainly due to monsoons, and in the upper reaches, it also receives support from the melting of snow and glaciers.
Freezing: the river freezes only in the upper reaches, and even then, only for a short period of time and in areas with a calmer course.
Main Tributaries: Minjiang, Jialingjiang, Yalongjiang, Hanshui.
Biological resources, inhabitants: There are such rare animal species as Chinese alligator and Chinese paddlefish in the river. The Yangtze Delta is the only place in the world outside of the United States where alligators can be found. Industrial species of fish are also found here in large quantities. These are: carp, silver carp, white and black carp.




Through the Yangtze, the industrious Chinese built many different bridges and tunnels. Of these, the Sutun Bridge can be especially noted. It is the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world. Its length is 8 km. It allows crossing the river delta.

By materials. webmandry.com