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Trichomonas colpitis in women is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the vagina caused by pathogenic microorganisms (Trichomonas). These are single-celled flagellar creatures that lead an active life in a humid environment. They are introduced into the mucous membranes, affecting the deep layers of the epithelium. predominantly sexually, but household transmission is not excluded.

• chlamydia;
• staphylococci;
• mycoplasmas.

This explains the frequent detection of mixed infections, in which trichomoniasis plays a major role. The disease is widespread everywhere, at least 300 million cases of infection are recorded every year. Most often, the infection is found in women of childbearing age, which is associated with the route of transmission of the pathogen.

Symptoms

Signs of trichomonas colpitis are typical, so it is impossible to confuse this disease with other inflammatory processes. The incubation period lasts 3-7 days, after which unpleasant symptoms appear:

1. The mucous membranes of the genital organs turn red and swell.
2. A yellowish frothy discharge with a pungent odor appears.
3. If trichomoniasis is accompanied by other infections, the vaginal secretion becomes greenish or white.
4. During sexual intercourse, pain sensations of varying severity appear.

The main symptoms of bladder damage are similar to those of cystitis. There is frequent painful urination, accompanied by burning in the urethra. Trichomonas gets into the tissues of the bladder using special flagella. When examining the mucous membranes of the vagina, multiple petechial hemorrhages are found. This may contribute to the appearance of minor spotting.

With a long course of trichomonas colpitis, dangerous consequences develop. A woman's menstrual cycle is disturbed, pointed papillomas appear in the genital area.

Even when performing hygiene procedures, diaper rash occurs on the inner sides of the thighs. This is due to an increase in the acidity of the vaginal secretion with colpitis and an increase in its volume. Trichomonas can spread from the vaginal mucosa to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, which contributes to the development of an acute inflammatory process. The main symptoms of the disease:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• increase in body temperature;
• general weakness.

A woman may complain of pulling sensations in the lumbar region.

Most often, the disease is detected and eliminated in the acute period, but there are cases of chronic trichomonas colpitis. It contributes to the activation of other pathogenic bacteria, which completely destroy the beneficial microflora and lead to the further spread of the inflammatory process.

Causes

The penetration of Trichomonas into the mucous membranes of the vagina and their active reproduction are the main causes of colpitis. This is most often observed after unprotected contact with the carrier of the infection. Pathogenic microorganisms can also be transmitted through the household, but this happens less frequently. In this way, children and adolescents who do not follow the rules of personal hygiene most often become infected. For infection, it is enough to use a towel or washcloth inhabited by Trichomonas.

You should know that Trichomonas exist in the external environment for no more than 3 hours, which is associated with the need for a certain temperature and humidity. There are provoking factors that increase the risk of developing inflammation:

• decreased immunity;
• hypothermia of the body;
• stress;
• taking hormonal and chemotherapy drugs;
• endocrine disorders.

The risk group includes women who are promiscuous and do not use barrier contraceptives. The risk of infection in this case increases by 4 times.

What is dangerous trichomonas colpitis?

An inflammatory process that is not cured in time leads to the development of complications such as cervicitis (damage to the cervix) and endometritis (pathological changes in the mucous membranes of the uterus). Inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, caused by the active reproduction of Trichomonas, is one of the causes of female infertility. The long course of colpitis contributes to the disruption of the menstrual cycle, the development of inflammation in the genitourinary system.

Infection during pregnancy can cause spontaneous abortion, premature birth, the birth of a child with insufficient body weight. Intrauterine infection of the fetus contributes to the development of congenital malformations.

Identification of the disease

Diagnosis of trichomonas colpitis begins with a gynecological examination. In this case, signs of irritation and inflammation of the vaginal mucosa are found. The walls are covered with a serous coating.

To determine the type of infectious agent, laboratory tests are necessary. Smears are taken from the vagina and rectum. The type of infection is determined by PCR, culture and cytological analysis. A woman can be referred for an appointment with a dermatovenereologist and a urologist.

Methods of treatment

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis is aimed at eliminating the signs of inflammation and the destruction of the infectious agent. Therapy is carried out, in severe cases, hospitalization may be required. The dangerous consequences include tubo-ovarian abscesses and peritonitis, which occurs against the background of acute inflammation. It is necessary to treat trichomoniasis in both sexual partners at the same time. Immunity after illness is not developed and the risk of re-infection is always present.

During the period of taking the drug refuse to drink alcohol, it is also recommended to abstain from sexual intercourse. It is necessary to treat trichomonas colpitis even if it does not have pronounced symptoms. Drug therapy involves the use of antibacterial drugs.

To destroy the pathogen in the vagina, antiseptic suppositories are used. The effectiveness of treatment is evaluated after its completion and the next menstruation.

• Ornidazole;
• Naxojin;
• Nitazol.

Suppositories Terzhinan, Hexicon, Trichomonacid are injected into the vagina at bedtime. The course of treatment lasts 10-20 days. A solution of Trichomonacid should be treated with the urethra and perianal area. Treatment of a sexual infection with folk remedies involves douching with decoctions of medicinal plants such as tansy and wormwood. Trichomonas colpitis, subject to all the recommendations of the attending physician, has a favorable prognosis for recovery.

The effectiveness of the therapeutic course is evaluated based on the following criteria:

• absence of Trichomonas in the vaginal secretion;
• negative PCR results within 3 months after the end of treatment;
• complete recovery of the sexual partner.

After using antiseptics, the doctor may recommend drugs that help normalize the microflora of the vagina. Eubiotics contribute to the growth of the number of beneficial bacteria, the normalization of acidity, and the strengthening of local immunity.

In chronic trichomoniasis, immunostimulants are indicated. It is this form of the disease that is considered the most dangerous in terms of the occurrence of complications and the spread of infection in the genitourinary system.

Measures to protect against infection

Every woman can protect herself from infection. This requires following a few simple rules.

During sexual intercourse with unfamiliar partners, a condom should be used. The best way to prevent STIs is to avoid casual intimate relationships.

After unprotected sexual contact, it is recommended to treat the mucous membranes of the genital organs with Miramistin or Chlorhexidine. It is necessary to have personal hygiene items, since the household route of transmission of the infection is not excluded. It is necessary to avoid hypothermia and stress, timely eliminate chronic diseases. All medications must be taken as directed by your doctor.

Trichomonas colpitis (trichomoniasis) should be understood as a disease of the vaginal mucosa of an inflammatory nature, which provokes the simplest Trichomonas. Infection occurs through sexual contact, so the disease is classified as a venereal group.

It is possible to become infected with a Trichomonas infection through any sexual contact (including non-traditional), however, infection can occur with elementary non-compliance with personal hygiene rules (the pathogen penetrates through underwear). Fortunately, such cases are rare.

Trichomonas colpitis can be the result of a decrease in the body's defense mechanisms, endocrine disorders, and a lack of vitamins.

Symptoms of trichomonas colpitis.
Trichomonas, as a rule, cause colpitis (acute or chronic form), accompanied by cervicitis, in rare cases, proctitis. The symptomatic manifestation of the disease in an acute form in patients is reduced to the appearance of whiteness, itching, burning in the genital area, a feeling of heaviness and pain in the lower abdomen. On gynecological examination, the vulvar mucosa is edematous and hyperemic, there are whitish or yellowish discharges of an abundant foamy nature. The secretions have a sharp unpleasant odor (the smell of "rotten fish"), which is due to the concomitant reproduction of the gas-forming micrococcus.

In the chronic course of the disease, the redness of the vaginal mucosa is hardly noticeable, the discharge becomes less abundant, but does not disappear at all. The disease requires timely and mandatory treatment, it is advisable to consult a doctor when the first signs of the disease occur, since long contact of the secreted whites with the cervix and often the addition of specific cervicitis lead to the development of circular erosion of the cervix. Sometimes women also note pain during sexual intercourse, as well as spotting of a spotting nature.

Trichomonas colpitis in women is characterized by long-term treatment and a tendency to relapse. Often, husbands with urethritis re-introduce the pathogen to a woman. That is why both sexual partners (spouse) are examined for the presence of the disease.

Diagnosis of trichomonas colpitis.
When diagnosing colpitis, material and living conditions, age, existing common diseases, and taking medications are taken into account. At a gynecological examination, samples of vaginal discharge are taken from the patient for microexamination.

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis.
Any therapeutic measures should be carried out exclusively as directed by a specialist. In the treatment of the disease, specialists use an integrated approach. As already noted, the sexual partner is also examined for the presence of trichomonas infection and, if necessary, the man undergoes a course of treatment (appointed by a urologist). In addition to the treatment of colpitis in the presence of concomitant diseases and dysfunction, their therapy should be carried out. Treatment should be directed to all areas of Trichomonas localization (vagina, cervix) in order to prevent recurrence of the disease. To increase efficiency in the treatment process, sexual intercourse and alcohol consumption are prohibited.

During the course of treatment, specialists constantly examine the vaginal discharge of a woman of childbearing age in the laboratory, usually on the fifth day of the cycle. In girls or women over 55 years of age, a discharge study is performed at the end of therapy.

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis is based on taking antibiotics in the form of tablets, suppositories (after a test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to the antibiotic). Among the drugs (Osarbon, Furazolidone, Trichomonacid, Gramicidin, Tricholaval, Hexicon, etc.), the greatest preference is given to Metronidazole (Flagil). The agent is prescribed orally at 0.25 g twice a day for a week. The specialist also prescribes drugs that help restore healthy vaginal microflora. With a decrease in immunity, patients are prescribed general strengthening treatment, a diet with the elimination of spicy, fried and salty foods, vitamins, immunomodulators.

As an addition to the main treatment, therapy is used in the form of vaginal douching (with a solution of potassium permanganate, lactic acid, chamomile infusion) and washing the external genitalia with infusions of medicinal plants (sage, chamomile, boron uterus, etc.), furatsilina solution.

A complete cure occurs if there are no Trichomonas in the studied vaginal smears.

Trichomonas colpitis during pregnancy.
During the bearing of a child, trichomonas colpitis is fraught with complications and serious consequences, the danger of which is the development of an ascending infection, which, in turn, carries a huge risk for the normal intrauterine development of the child, contributes to the development of complications during labor.

Very often the disease is accompanied by trichomoniasis of the urinary tract (urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis).

Often trichomonas colpitis causes miscarriage or miscarriage in the early stages, carries a risk of infection of the fetus and / or infection of the amniotic fluid. In the chronic form, the woman does not experience pain, while in the acute stage, turbid discharges of a copious nature and severe pain are noted. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a physician.

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis with folk remedies.
Traditional medicine recipes can be a great help to the main treatment of trichomonas colpitis. Just before using them, you should always consult with your doctor.

Natural honey is effective against Trichomonas. Every day, 100-150 g of honey should be taken inside, dissolving it under the tongue. At the same time, it is necessary to insert a tampon with warm honey into the vagina for ten hours. Such treatment is carried out for a week.

Helps to get rid of the causative agent of the disease juice of onion or garlic. Combine it in equal proportions with glycerin. Soak the swab with the resulting composition and insert into the vagina (pre-wash) for twelve hours. Do the procedure at night. Wash again with warm water in the morning. The course of treatment includes twenty procedures. During pregnancy, this method of treatment is contraindicated.

For douching and washing, this remedy is well suited: grind half a kilo of horseradish through a fine grater, add a liter of boiled water to the mass and insist for a day under the lid. Then squeeze the composition, strain and apply as directed.

Trichomonas infection can also be treated with sea buckthorn oil. They are impregnated with a tampon and inserted into the vagina for twelve hours. The procedure is carried out daily until complete recovery.

Herbal infusions are effectively used for this venereal disease as a means for washing and douching. Calendula is considered an excellent antiseptic. To prepare the infusion, pour 100 g of plant flowers into 300 ml of boiling water, insist for an hour. Use warm.

An infusion of rhizomes of the yellow marsh iris is used for oral administration, washing and douching. To prepare it, you should brew a tablespoon of roots with 200 ml of boiling water and leave to infuse for a couple of hours. Take orally two tablespoons five times a day before meals.

As douching, an infusion of a yellow capsule is suitable. A tablespoon of crushed flowers or rhizomes of the plant insist in a glass of boiling water for forty minutes, strain. Apply warm.

For fourteen days, insist in half a liter of forty-degree alcohol a mixture of birch and poplar buds, taken 50 g each. Then squeeze the grass, strain the liquid. Mix in equal proportions with honey and glycerin and use as a douche.

It is good to douche with a decoction of mistletoe yarrow. To do this, take a tablespoon of each herb and brew with a liter of boiling water, cook over low heat for twenty minutes. Then cool the broth to a warm state, strain with gauze and use as directed.

Mix a tablespoon of burnet roots and urban gravilate grass, mix the resulting mixture with 200 ml of boiling water and cook for ten minutes. Then cool the broth, strain and apply in the form of douching.

Take and mix 50 g of nettle leaves and highlander, add 10 g of oak bark and cinquefoil roots, as well as 20 g of chamomile flowers. Then take two tablespoons of the resulting collection of herbs and pour a liter of boiling water. Boil ten minutes, cool and strain. Soak a tampon in a warm solution and insert into the vagina. Do the procedure at night. The same recipe is suitable for douching.

Prevention of trichomonas colpitis.
Preventive measures are reduced to the exact and mandatory observance of the rules of personal hygiene, the regulation of sexual relations, the timely treatment of gynecological diseases, the use of protective equipment during sexual intercourse, and the strengthening of the immune system. In the prevention of prevention of recurrence of trichomonas colpitis, timely general examination and treatment of the husband (partner) of the patient is important.

In case of accidental unprotected sexual intercourse, it is recommended to immediately (within two hours) treat the external genital organs and the area around them with Miramistin solution, and also douche the vagina with them.

Trichomonas colpitis- the most common type of lesion of Trichomonas vaginalis. The mucous membrane of the female vagina is an extremely favorable habitat for these unicellular organisms, which is the reason for the full name of the pathogen. However, due to the ignorance of the majority of the population regarding classical medical terminology (Greek κολπος - “vagina”), one can often come across assumptions about a similar diagnosis in men. Obviously, although men can become infected with Trichomonas, colpitis in men is impossible due to the lack of a vagina.

Colpitis is a female disease, but a sexual partner can also be infected with Trichomonas

However, such a diagnosis made to the partner should be a signal for an immediate visit to the doctor for preventive diagnosis. - the most common type of sexual infection, moreover, it is difficult to treat in the later stages and is prone to a recurrent course.

Infection Diagnosis

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PCR is the most accurate method for detecting Trichomonas

The main method for verifying the diagnosis when infected with Trichomonas is, the material for which is. The technology principle of this type of research is repeated copying of DNA fragments that meet specific conditions. This way it is possible to determine the presence of the causative agent of the disease with its negligible population in the body (the accuracy of the method is up to 98%).

In addition, microscopy of an unstained smear and bakposev (cultural analysis) are used. But the low information content of the study under a microscope in the absence of pronounced discharge from the urethra; the laboriousness and duration of bakposev do not contribute to their wide popularity as diagnostic tests for trichomoniasis. This is especially true of sluggish or asymptomatic infections.

Symptoms

The disease debuts in men, as a rule, with inflammation of the urethra and is called Trichomonas urethritis. It has the following clinical manifestations:

Trichomonas urethritis symptoms are not always clear

• mucous discharge from the urethra;
• itching, burning during urination;
• pain in the perineum;
• hyperemia of the sponges of the urethra and inflammation of the glans penis.

Often no symptoms are observed, the infected person feels only mild discomfort, attributing it to hypothermia or the consequences of sexual excesses, and the disease manifests itself after it has become chronic. As a rule, these are already complications:, coupled with secondary impotence and infertility.

Treatment

Do not self-medicate. Uncontrolled and inappropriately taking medications, you can get a chronic course of one of the most problematic sexual infections.

The course of treatment is prescribed only by a doctor

Antibiotics for trichomoniasis are useless; antiprotozoal agents used to treat it, on the contrary, have an antimicrobial effect, which weakens or destroys the associated pathogenic flora. These drugs have a number of side effects, they are often used in combinations when monotherapy does not work, so a doctor should prescribe treatment. This is not a discussion of additional procedures that may be required for the final destruction of pathogenic microorganisms.

For the purpose of a complete cure, both sexual partners are subject to examination and treatment, regardless of whether the infectious agent is found in the second or not. The reason for this approach in dermatovenereology is frequent carriage, when Trichomonas survives in the body for a long time, without showing itself in any way in people with strong immunity, who unwittingly become sources of re-infection.

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) is an inflammation of the vagina, the causative agent of which is Trichomonas - the simplest microorganism belonging to the flagellate class.

The disease often affects women of reproductive age who are sexually active. Trichomonas infection in pregnant women can lead to infection in childbirth of newborns, which occurs in about 5% of cases. However, in view of the structural features of the vaginal epithelium in newborn girls, trichomonas colpitis in them proceeds in an erased form and is prone to self-healing.

When trying to self-treat a trichomonas infection, the disease acquires an atypical course, becomes resistant to standard therapy, and is accompanied by the development of complications.

Simultaneously with trichomonas colpitis (in men - urethritis) are often diagnosed with other sexually transmitted diseases ( genital herpes , candidiasis , ureaplasmosis , chlamydia , gonorrhea). Currently, experts have suggested that infection with Trichomonas increases the risk of allergic and oncological diseases, mastopathy , diabetes.

Causes and risk factors

The causative agents of Trichomonas colpitis are Trichomonas, belonging to the type of protozoa, the flagellate class. They are anaerobic unicellular organisms and are widely distributed in nature. Thanks to the flagella, Trichomonas have good mobility. The optimal conditions for their reproduction are a temperature of 35-37 ° C and the absence of oxygen.

Once on the mucous membrane of the vagina, Trichomonas begin to actively develop and multiply, becoming the cause of the inflammatory process. In the process of life, they produce a special enzyme - hyaluronidase, with the help of which they penetrate into the intercellular space, lymphatic pathways and bloodstream, spreading throughout the body.

One of the important features of Trichomonas is their ability to change shape and disguise well as blood cells - lymphocytes and platelets. This allows them to avoid attack from the immune system.

A number of other pathogenic microorganisms can penetrate inside Trichomonas ( cytomegalovirus , herpes virus, fungi of the genus Candida, chlamydia, ureaplasma, gonococci). As a result, they gain protection from immune cells and drugs.

Trichomonas colpitis in women refers to sexually transmitted diseases, as it is transmitted sexually. In very rare cases, there is a contact-household route of infection (through towels, underwear, hygiene items).

Since Trichomonas in the process of life violate the integrity of the vaginal epithelium, the risk of infection of women with other sexually transmitted infections increases, in particular, HIV.

Risk factors are:

• hormonal imbalance;
• hypovitaminosis and other immunodeficiency states ;
• promiscuous sex life;
• ignoring barrier methods of contraception;
• unfavorable socio-economic factors;
• alcohol abuse, addiction.

Kinds

Depending on the duration of the course and the severity of the symptoms, acute, subacute and chronic trichomonas colpitis are distinguished. In a separate form, Trichomonas carriage is distinguished - asymptomatic persistence of Trichomonas in the body.

Symptoms of trichomonas colpitis

The incubation period for trichomonas colpitis lasts from two days to two months. A long incubation period is usually observed in the erased form of the disease.

The main symptoms of trichomonas colpitis are:

• vaginal discharge, green or yellow, with an unpleasant odor;
• irritation of the mucous membrane of the genitals, which is accompanied by a burning sensation and itching;
• dermatitis inner thighs;
• dysuria;
• the appearance of ulcers or erosions on the mucous membrane of the genitals;
• intermittent pain in the lower abdomen;
• dyspareunia- painful sensations that occur at the time of intercourse or immediately after it.

Symptoms of trichomonas colpitis intensify a few days before the onset of menstruation.

The volume and nature of vaginal discharge depends on the stage of the disease. In acute inflammation, they are abundant, and when the pathological process becomes chronic, they become scarce, periodically completely stop.

In pregnant women, treatment of trichomonas colpitis is possible only in the II-III trimesters, its need is determined by the doctor observing the pregnancy.

The fresh form of trichomonas colpitis, in the absence of timely treatment, becomes chronic, which, in turn, then gradually forms a long-term Trichomonas carrier.

Chronic trichomanas colpitis is almost asymptomatic. Only a very small number of patients (less than 5-8%) have sexual dysfunction and dysuria.

With trichomonas carriers, there are no clinical signs of inflammation of the vagina, the pathogen is detected only during laboratory diagnostics.

Diagnostics

It is possible to assume that a woman has trichomonas colpitis based on the symptoms of the disease and the data of a gynecological examination. When viewed in the mirrors, hyperemia and swelling of the vaginal mucosa, focal hemorrhages on the cervix are noted. At colposcopy reveal dysplasia of the epithelium, in some cases - the appearance of atypical cells.

However, the preliminary diagnosis must be confirmed by the results of laboratory tests:

• smear microscopy from the vagina, urethra and cervix- allows you to detect Trichomonas in 50-60% of cases;
• microbiological (cultural) method- sowing of the vaginal discharge on an artificial nutrient medium is the most accurate method for diagnosing trichomonas colpitis, which makes it possible to identify the pathogen in 99% of cases;
• immunological methods (PCR diagnostics)- are used to detect or exclude a viral infection.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with gonorrhea, bacterial and candidal vulvovaginitis.

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis is carried out by venereologists and gynecologists. For it to be effective, the patient's sexual partner should also be treated (even if the test for trichomoniasis showed a negative result). Until the end of the course of therapy, sexual intercourse should be excluded.

Simultaneously with trichomonas colpitis (in men - urethritis), other sexually transmitted diseases are often diagnosed.

Since trichomonads are able to absorb smaller microorganisms, including the causative agents of a number of sexually transmitted diseases, the treatment of trichomonas colpitis should be combined with the active therapy of identified sexually transmitted infections.

In pregnant women, treatment of trichomonas colpitis is possible only in the II-III trimesters, its need is determined by the doctor observing the pregnancy.