Simonov Denis Yurievich Origins of Khopra. Sights of the Penza region The origin of the name of the river Khoper

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The Khoper River is the pearl of Russia.

The age of the Khoper River is venerable - more than 10 thousand years. The length of the river from source to mouth was 979 kilometers. This is the second largest tributary of the Don. Every year, thousands of tourism enthusiasts from all over our country come here to relax. Khopra's path to the Don is long and winding.

Origin of the name of the river Khoper.

The sources of Khopra originate from clean springs near the village of Kuchki in the Penza region. These springs gush from under the hillock. The water is crystal clear and ice cold. There are only 12 springs. Our river Khoper begins with them. There are many legends and legends about the Khoper land. We learned about them by visiting the local history museum.

One of them tells about the love of the Slavic youth Khopra and the daughter of the Polovtsian Khan, the beautiful Crow. In ancient times, when tribes roamed the feather grass steppes from the Volga to the Dnieper, and Mordovian villages hid in dense forests, the Polovtsian Khan Tokay had a daughter, the beautiful Crow. Swift, dexterous, beautiful, slender with blue-black hair. The crow often dreamed of Polovtsian and Mordovian youths. But the evil Tatars attacked the land, killed the brave Polovtsian youths, plundered the Polovtsian huts, captured young and old. Only one Crow managed to escape. Tatar warriors chased after her. The girl sought protection from the Mordovians. But they, frightened of the chase, went into the impenetrable forests. The dexterous and courageous young man Khoper from the Slavic tribe of the Vyatichi saw the Crow. At full gallop, he picked her up, put her on a horse and rushed to the gray Don, looking for protection. And the pursuers are getting closer and closer. The gray-haired Don waved his river blanket and turned the fugitives and pursuers into rivers.

Another legend tells how long ago an old man named Khoper lived in the Poperechenskaya steppe. Once he wandered up a hill, from the foot of which more than a dozen springs of clear cold water sprang up and scattered in different directions. The old man connected the channels of the streams into one, built a small mill and ground grain for the peasants from the surrounding villages. The bread was very tasty. The people named this river after its discoverer Khopr. In the place where the springs merge into one stream, grandfather Khoper is sitting on a stone under the canopy of oaks, and the river flows down from his beard.

The first information about Khopra is found in the annals of 1148. Prince Gleb Yurievich, going to Ryazan, was also on the Great Crow (at that time Khoper was called that). In 1389 the river was called Prokhor. This is mentioned in the diary of Ignatius Smolyanin, who accompanied Metropolitan Pimen to Constantinople. But these are not the only names of the river. There were others: Khoport, Koport, Kopor.

Khoper is the most ecologically clean river in Europe. The length is 979 kilometers, in the Penza region - 185 kilometers.

Godronim is known from written sources of the XII century as Kopor, Khoport, possibly of Scythian-Sarmatian origin: porata - river. Later, the term hyu (Bashkir) was added - a river. Hyuporata - Khoper.

Khopra cleanliness issues

The Khoper River, its beautiful banks and the reputation of the cleanest river in Europe have always attracted people. Alas, today Khoper is also on the black list. Over the past few years, specialists from the Saratov Regional Hydrometeorological Center have noted an increased content of oil products in the river. It was not possible to determine the cause of the contamination. Experts were inclined to believe that harmful substances got into Khoper in the Penza region. But neither on the border with the neighboring region, where the river begins its journey through the territory of the Saratov region, nor on the other, Voronezh border, where this path ends, there are no control posts. According to the results obtained, the water corresponds to the third quality class and is assessed as moderately polluted.

Interregional environmental and educational festival-marathon "Defend Khoper!" will be held from July 17 to 26 at the initiative of the Penza Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society. This complex action, timed to coincide with the 170th anniversary of the Russian Geographical Society, includes an eco-marathon along the banks of the Khoper River, as well as an author's song festival. Its goal is to preserve the ecosystems of Khopra, which originates in the Penza region and rushes a thousand kilometers deep into the European part of Russia.

Environmental and educational events ("Day of Khopra", "Live long, grandfather Khopyor", festival of the author's song "Khopyor", scientific and sports rafting on the river and others) have been held at the sources of Khopra and its coastal territory in the Penza region since 2012. All of them were initiated by the Penza Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society and aimed at preserving one of the longest rivers in Russia.

During the marathon, the organizers plan to involve local residents, the youth of the Khoprovsky territories (Penza, Saratov, Voronezh, Volgograd regions) in cleaning the banks of the Khopra from garbage, conducting environmental raids. Information about the sources of pollution collected during such raids can be sent to the organizing committee of the festival-marathon - fondntr2012 yndex.ru. Such actions contribute to attracting the attention of citizens to environmental problems and to unite efforts in environmental protection activities.

The marathon will begin on July 17 with the landing of a youth ecological landing of cadets of the 46th Cossack school in the city of Penza at the sources of Khopra under the guidance of a teacher-mentor Oleg Funtikov. The guys will put the territory in order, set up a military field camp and hold sports events.

On July 18, the traditional environmental and educational action "Khopr's Day" will be held, during which the official start of the festival-marathon "Let's defend Khoper!" will be given. Participants of the action are waiting for an ecological and educational lecture about the river, children's ecological quizzes, poetry readings, performances by amateur groups, master classes of tourists and ecologists, demonstration performances of Cossacks.

On the same day, the jury of the annual author's song festival "Khopyor-2015" will start working, which will be held from July 24 to 26 near the village of Kurakino, Serdobsky district, as part of the marathon "Defend Khoper!" and will unite the authors-performers of the Prikhoprovsk regions, the Volga region and the center of Russia.

The program of the festival includes rewarding participants of the marathon, performances by singer-songwriters, the "Krasa Khopra" and "Child of Khopra" contests, performances by the best musical groups of the Sursky region and guests of honor of the festival. At the end of the festival, an ecological cleaning of the concert venue will take place. Applications for participation in the author's song festival are accepted until July 23, the jury will select the best works of authors and performers.

In addition, on July 18, the finalists of the children's drawing contest "Our Khoper", which started at the initiative of the Serdobsk local branch of the Russian Geographical Society in 2014, will be announced.

The organizers of the festival-marathon "Defend Khoper!" are the Penza Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society, the Penza Union of Cossacks, Rosprirodnadzor of Russia in the Penza Region, the Penza Regional Fund for Scientific and Technical Development, the Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after V.G. Belinsky. The event will be held with the support of the Government of the Penza Region, the Penza Metropolis, the Public Chamber of the Penza Region, the Penzavtorsyrye group of companies, the EKA green movement, the Yunona holiday center, as well as the Administrations of the Penza, Kolyshleysky, Serdobsky, Bekovsky, Tamalinsky districts of the Penza region.

Live long, grandfather Khoper!

Grandfather Khoper.

The Khoper River is one of the most famous rivers of the Volga region, the largest left tributary of the Don. The river is ancient (the first mention of it dates back to 1148, and the age of birth is generally 10 million years); the river is beautiful (Khopyor is popular with water tourists due to its sandy beaches and picturesque shores); the river is historically interesting (before Khoper was called Prokhorya, Koporya, Koportya and even the Great Crow). And she begins her long run not just anywhere, but here - in the Penza region, being born into the world from 12 pure springs, lost in the herbs of the famous, Red Book Poperechenskaya steppe.

The most interesting fact about Khoper is that this river (unlike many other water arteries of Russia) has its own talisman and guardian. Which, settled on its origins and is also called in her honor - grandfather Khoper.

The origins of Khopra is a rather interesting place in the Penza region. First of all, it's just beautiful. And, secondly, in those days when “the trees were big” and people thought not only about momentary benefits (during the times of the USSR), this wonderful section of the reserved steppe was very well ennobled. From the legacy of the Soviet past, you can still see signs that allow you not to get lost on the way to Grandfather Khopr. Equipped parking at the entrance. And, in fact, the grandfather Khopra himself is a monument to the sculptor Andrey the Bold, which is located just above the waters emerging from the bowels of the earth, which give rise, albeit to a small, but great Russian Khoper river.

There are several legends dedicated to Khopr.

The most common of them says that once in the Poperechenskaya steppe (a significant part of the current Privolzhskaya Forest-Steppe Reserve) there lived an old man named Khoper. Once he came across a hill, from the foot of which 12 springs of clear cold water sprang up, running in different directions. The old man didn't like it. He took a shovel and connected the beds of streams into one large stream. And then he built a mill over it in order to grind grain for peasants from neighboring villages. And so it turned out the Khoper River, named after that same old man.

Many years have passed since then, but this place has remained unchanged. They also hit 12 keys from the ground.

It also stands at the birthplace of Khopra, though decorative, but a mill. By the way, they say that bread made from flour ground at the mill of grandfather Khopra was especially tasty. :)

Another legend about Khoper does not give an idea of ​​why Khoper became Khoper, but on the other hand ... it is much more romantic. :)

In ancient times, when tribes with countless herds roamed the feather-grass steppes from the Volga to the Dnieper, and Mordovian villages hid in dense forests, the Polovtsian Khan Tokay had a daughter, the beautiful Crow. Swift, dexterous, beautiful, slender with blue-black hair, the Crow often dreamed of Polovtsian and Mordovian youths in dreams. But in reality, she remained adamant and unmarried.

Once a misfortune came from the east - vile and evil Tatars attacked the Polovtsian land, killed the Polovtsian youths, plundered the Polovtsian towers, captured many young and old. Only one Crow managed to miraculously hide from the Tatars, and then run away. But Tatar warriors chased her - Chembar, Vazhdya and Karai.

First, the Crow rushed north into the dense forests, where the handsome hero Burtas, one of her suitors, lived. Burtas wanted to go out to meet the Crow, but, seeing the Tatars, he got scared and turned around, leaving for the dark Mordovian thickets. And the chase is getting closer...

Then the Crow rushed to the west, to the Mordovian strongman Lomovis the Great. For a long time he had looked at the beautiful Lomovis Bolshoi and was not averse to taking her as his wife. But, frightened by the chase, he also retreated from the path, darting into the impenetrable forests of the Mordovian lands.

The Crow was already desperate, she fell to the ground, realizing that she could not escape the reproach and the Tatar full. But then the dexterous and courageous young man Khoper from the Slavic tribe of the Vyatichi noticed the beauty, who, fortunately for her, was passing by. At full gallop, he reined in his horse, picked up Crow and rushed with her to the gray-haired old Don, seeking protection from him.

The pursuers rushed after them. Chembar, Vazhdya and Karay rode for a long time across the steppe, gradually catching up with the fugitives. And it seemed already that Vorona and Khopr could not get away from them. But then the mighty gray-haired Don stood in the way of the evil Tatars. He waved the river curtain and turned each of the pursuers into a river. However, Don did not calculate the forces - they turned into two blue ribbons and the Crow and Khopra, who have since become inseparable forever.

Beautiful legend, isn't it? And the river, believe me (I managed to raft down Khopr more than once), is also very beautiful. And its source is a pretty place too. Let it be very neglected, but cute.

Unfortunately, the mill wheel is no longer spinning, the mill building itself is rather dilapidated and lopsided, the nimble trout that were once bred here do not live in the gutters of the stream, and Grandfather Khoper himself has “aged” noticeably. But, most importantly, the river is still alive. Despite the environmental problems, despite the development of nickel in the Khopra basin and numerous discharges along its entire course. But once UNESCO recognized Khoper as the cleanest river in Europe!

But be that as it may, Khoper still lives, carrying its waters for a thousand kilometers to the confluence with the Don, where Khoper is no longer a boy, but a husband - a real, full-flowing, navigable, Slavic hero from an ancient legend. But it all starts small! From a thin babbling brook that got lost in the Penza wilderness, in the expanses of the Poperechenskaya steppe!

The sources of Khopra are an amazing place. Twelve clean and sonorous springs give rise to one of the cleanest rivers in Europe - Khoper, a tributary of the Pacific Don. Through the efforts of Myasnikov G.V. on the sources of Khopra there is a sculpture of Grandfather Khopra, a mill and the Forester's House. The sources of Khopra have been a place of pilgrimage for tourists for many years.

Origins of Khopra. How it all began. From the memoirs of Myasnikov G.V. 1972

June 1st. A few conversations, and I left for the Kamensky district for origins of Khopra with Vaneev, Sidorenko, Ovtov. Beautiful pit with cold streams. Khoper starts right away. We decided to [plan] the arch and map of Khopra before flowing into the Don, the hotel, the top of the pit - trees, paths. The figure of a young man is the image of Khopra. The bottom of the pit is concrete and weeping willows. "Eternal Wheel" (p. 130).

August 21st. At about 16.00 I went to the sources of Khopra. Things are going slow and bad. They made a lousy staircase, with paths being pulled. With An. Bold [examined] the sculpture of Khopra. Majestic and great, a kind of Moses. He praised it, but ... under it, everything in the design should be reviewed. Maybe [connect] Popryadukhin? With such a sculpture, you simply can’t decide! (p. 138).

22 August. I did not sleep until 3 in the morning, I was excited by the figure of Khopra. Somehow I felt uneasy and ashamed that in a big business I almost made a gross mistake. [Initially] decided to do it somehow in a rustic way, but the figure brushed aside the hack work. We need a competent architectural solution, a strict engineering and construction calculation, a competent engineering solution for concrete. It’s a shame that they didn’t start with this, but the sculptor boy unexpectedly pushed [on the right path]. However, there are also regularities: the big begins with the small; once started, it is difficult to finish, the process of creation gives rise to new thoughts, and the practice of creation tests the accuracy of ideas.
He got up with a heavy head. Again stuffiness! Did some running stuff. At 12.00 I assembled a brigade along the sources of Khopra: Gribov, Popryadukhin, Gipromash, Stroydetal. He told about his doubts and asked to go to the place, to give new proposals. Didn't force anything ahead of time. He sent V. M. Smachny with them. (p. 138).

August 30th. Reviewed the project the origins of Khopra. There are good suggestions. (p. 141).

September 5th. I watched the project again. "origins of Khopr a". Much tricked up. It is terrible that with concrete we invade the very sources, we violate the natural picture. Made an appointment for tomorrow on the spot (p. 146).

19 October. After lunch I figured out origins of Khopra(got 7 thousand rubles) and with the opening of the Kuvaka store. (p. 150).

1973

16th of May. Through the Hermitage, past the Poperechenskaya steppe - to the sources of Khopra. Sorokin and his team finished the work, the house is done perfectly. Unexpectedly, the miller's house turned out well. In general, the place looms. Add a sculpture and everything will fall into place. Another interesting point is born on the edge of the area! (p. 161).

THE TALE OF THE TWELVE KEYS

It was so long ago that no one now really knows if it really happened.

... The son Khoper escaped from the care of Don (Poseidon's friend). He fled - as he disappeared, as if he had gone into the ground. The father was angry, raged, sent curses after him. But he believed that his son would return. He understood, they say, the wisdom of life - youth excites Khopra, and therefore he ventured in the steppes with maned feather grasses to find the beautiful Sineomutka and the wayward Archada.

Khoper ran through secret underground passages. Buried from people. And when he heard the song of feather grass and larks, he broke out into the expanse of the steppe, turned into a river. And he began to rush about the village of Kuchki across the steppe. The larks saw him first. Day-to-day they sang glory. Khopra's heart went cold. He cooled down.

Passed somehow strangers. They drank the water. They have gained strength. Joy and hope has arrived. We decided literally ten steps from the twelve springs - the source of the Khoprovskoe - to build a mill. After that, carts with bread paved the way here. The brisk mill was...

Khoper sees - he found his real business on earth. So I decided to stay with the river. And his beauties - Sineomutka and Archada - also turned into rivers, having learned his decision. And together with Khopra they hurried, repenting, to the Don.

Their names live on among the people. Beautiful names - to match the rivers.
So it was or not - no one knows. They know that for a long time the farmers of the surrounding villages have been fond of these twelve springs, this mill, the whirlpool - blue-depth.

And quite recently, the old one came to life. I stood at the source of Khopra tower. And a mill. Twelve keys spoke… The sky turned over into a whirlpool. The beauty ! Our Russian, spacious!
So Khoper runs across the steppe. Just do not feather grass - bread looks into it.

July 17th. Got a little creative. We examined in detail with Smachny the "launching stage" at the origins of Khopra. The "old man" [proposed to make] a seat of wild stone. [Provide] a site for tourists to rest. In [inaudible] place designation. Instructed to think over the route: origins of Khopra- Poperechenskaya steppe - Belokamensky park. He instructed Dobel from The Young Leninist to finalize the legend about Khopra. (P. 164 - 165).

OLD MAN KHOPER

Ask where the fish river is - they will call Khoper. Ask where the cozy river is - they will talk about Khopra again.
Yes, what kind of miracle is this, you say and wave to the river, fishy and cozy. But the best part is that you will not be deceived by waiting. Hopper is handsome and generous. Khoper is clean, comfortable, prolific. Khoper has long been known to all tourists - connoisseurs of their native land.

And yet, in order to know Khoper, one must visit its source. Twelve keys, escaping from the depths of the earth, will bewitch with the mystery of the birth of the river.

Today, at the source of Khopra, not far from the village of Kuchki, the tower will open hospitably, striking with the beauty of pine lace and the skill of craftsmen. Today, people who are proud of the beauty of their native land will gather at the opening of a new recreation area near the springs, at Grandfather Khopra's. On the way from Penza to Lermontov, they will visit an amazing corner of our region and see how a river is born from springs-keys.

But not far from the sources of the Khoprovskaya there is an equally amazing place - the Poperechenskaya steppe -the most reserved corner of our region, the only part of the virgin steppe in the entire Middle Volga region.

Feathers, fragrant honey grasses will long remain in the memory of everyone who has visited these amazing places in their originality.

The source of Khopra is worth a visit. And it's worth visiting the Khan's tent. And you should definitely look at the sculpture of the old man Khopra.

Why, ask, yes, because, talking about your region, you will certainly remember later this magical place - the birthplace of the river - a tributary of the Quiet Don.

These places are covered with beautiful legends. To hear them, to visit the ancient burial mounds is necessary if you love your land.

V. Dobel.
In the photo: old Khoper stood at the source of the river.
Photo of the author.
"Young Leninist", No. 87, July 21, 1973

TALE AT KHOPR

Khoper begins near the village of Kuchki. Twelve keys break out of the ground, forming a green island in the steppe. “What kind of steppe is there? the uninformed will ask. “Fields all around!” Yes, there are many fields. Only the Poperechenskaya steppe - the most reserved steppe of the Volga region - with feather grass foam. Honey infusion of Bogorodskaya grass, with mounds that remember nomads. The steppe lies very close to the source of Khopra.

A long time ago, there was a mill at the twelve springs. As soon as he was born, Khoper began to work for a person. The flour of Khoprov's grinding was famous. Khoprovskaya water was famous - delicious, icy. It is not for nothing that a fortress of nomads once stood at the source of this river. Like heroic helmets lie around the hills. They say that even now ancient coins are sometimes found near them.

But all this was so long ago, so much water has flowed under the bridge since then, that neither the fortress nor the mill could survive to this day.

And recently the wheel of the mill came to life. A tent stood at the source with a hospitable oak table and chopped stools. He opened the doors of the tower - a new creation of Kameshkir craftsmen, knitting, known to us, pine lace. And now, as if checking the blue-depth, old Khoper is looking into the first Khoper pool - a multi-meter sculpture by the Penza sculptor Anatoly the Bold.