Saury fish. Canned food Pacific saury natural with oil. What does saury look like and where is found

11.03.2020

Fish, as a food product, has a high nutritional value, and therefore occupies an important place in the human diet. Against the general background of the entire fishing industry, oceanic fish stand out favorably, all the useful properties of which cannot be listed. Saury is a notable representative of especially valuable fish species.

Appearance description

Saury is an oceanic schooling fish that lives in the upper water column, which determines its high importance in the fishery. The body of the saury is elongated, from 25 to 40 cm long, gradually thinning towards the tail. The scales covering the body are small, silver-gray on the sides and dark blue-green on the back. Average weight - 180 g.

Did you know? The scientific name of saury is "Cololabis", translated from Greek means "short lips", which does not fully reflect its large mouth disproportionate to the body.

The head is long, in proportion to the body, with a noticeably protruding lower jaw. The kinship with the mackerel family determined the fish to have longitudinal caudal fins - dorsal and anal. At the same time, the dorsal fin is somewhat shifted to the caudal and is supplemented by five or six small fins. The caudal fin has a pronounced deep notch. The appearance of the Pacific and Atlantic saury is somewhat different and consists in the degree of displacement of the lower jaw - in the Atlantic saury, in comparison with the Pacific saury, the lower jaw is more pronounced.

Composition and nutritional value

The high value of saury is due to its rich chemical composition and low calorie content, which makes it an indispensable source of nutrients, especially when dieting.

Nutritional value of 100 g of product:

full-fledged easily digestible - 19.5 g;
saturated and unsaturated fats - 14.1 g;
simple and complex - absent.

Calorie content of 100 g of the product - 204.9 kcal.

Important! In comparison with freshwater fish species, saury exceeds the indicators in terms of the content of nutrients.

The chemical composition is presented:

vitamins: (retinol), group, (calciferol), (tocopherol), (nicotinic acid);
trace elements: (Fe), (Ni), (F), (Cr), (Mo);
macroelements: (Ca), (Mg), (Na), (K), (Ph), (S), (Cl).

By consuming saury, the body is replenished with the main part of the daily supply of vitamins and minerals, and the nutritional value guarantees a high energy supply for an active day.

Beneficial features

Saury, like any other representative of the aquatic world, is certainly a useful product, the main feature of which is due to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and. The body does not produce these fats on its own, so fish is an excellent source of replenishment of these substances. The beneficial properties of saury, due to the high content of substances in the chemical composition, lie in a wide range of actions on all body systems:

unsaturated fats, reducing the level of "bad" cholesterol, cleanse the blood vessels, thereby improving the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Possessing antioxidant properties, they prevent early aging and the development of cancer;

Did you know? The intake of unsaturated fats Omega-3 and Omega-6 increases the level of the "element of youth" independently produced by the body - the antioxidant coenzyme Q10, which increases life expectancy.

vitamins, stimulating the hematopoietic system, improve blood quality, regulate metabolism, strengthen bone tissue, increase skin elasticity and ensure good hair condition;
the mineral composition prevents the development of anemia, strengthens the immune system and has a general anti-inflammatory effect.

In addition, the high content of the amino acid taurine provides a protective effect on liver cells, promotes the production of bile and, accordingly, the production of insulin, which is especially valuable for people with diabetes.

Canned fish: what is the use

Fish is a versatile product in the kitchen. It can be boiled, stewed, fried, smoked, dried, and used not only as a main dish, but also as a filling in snacks or baked goods. Canned saury is a win-win option. No one will argue about the benefits of fresh fish, but what can be the use of canned fish? Everyone knows that prolonged heat treatment "kills" all the useful substances in the composition of the product, but this property does not apply to canned fish.

Did you know? Mineral elements extracted from fish scales are used in the manufacture of lipsticks.

Of course, heat treatment reduces the concentration of vitamins and minerals in the fish, but in the final balance they are in maximum quantities. During conservation, all vitamins and macronutrients are preserved, and antioxidants reach their maximum when heated and prolonged heat treatment. Therefore, saury, not only natural, but also canned, is of great benefit to the body. Another important advantage of canned fish is the fact that during long-term heat treatment, all pathogenic microflora and dangerous microorganisms are destroyed during conservation.
And this, above all, concerns such an infectious disease as botulism. Toxins produced by bacteria pose a mortal threat to human health, but die at high temperatures. It is also worth mentioning that canned fish, having a high nutritional value, is a self-sufficient product, ready to eat without any additional processing.

Important! When buying canned fish, you should pay attention to the presence of the “C20” marking on the can - this is an indicator that the product is of poor quality.

Contraindications and harm

The expression of Hippocrates "Everything is good in moderation" is also true in relation to the use of canned fish. In moderation, such a product does not pose a threat to human health, but it is still worth being careful. Like any other product of production, violations in compliance with technologies are harmful to the human body. This can also be attributed to the manufacturer's dishonesty regarding the timing of production and the suitability of the product.

There are also always risks that the raw material (raw fish) was stored incorrectly, cleaned and processed for production, which significantly affects not only the quality of the product, but also the consequences after its use. Often, depending on the manufacturer, low-quality vegetable oil is used to produce saury in oil, which can affect the functioning of an important human organ - the liver.
Canned fish contains a large amount of salt, so they can be harmful in case of malfunctions:

cardiovascular system, especially with arterial hypertension (the so-called "high blood pressure");
diseases of the liver and gallbladder;
gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

Important! The amount of salt in canned fish is 10 times more than in fresh fish, which is 1.5 times the daily requirement of the body.

Therefore, people with diagnosed diseases of the heart, liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract are recommended to eat canned fish in small portions in exceptional cases and only after consulting with their doctor. A direct contraindication to the use of saury is an individual intolerance to the product.

How to choose good fish

When choosing canned fish, including saury, you must be guided by the basic selection rules:

a label with a readable composition must be carefully pasted, where in the first place the type of raw material (fish or fish waste) from which the product is made is indicated;
the tin can must be free of flaws and damage with an easily visible, squeezed out from the inside out or laser marked production date (in the format dd / mm / yy) and a product range code (for saury, use: 177 - “smoked in oil” , 186 - "blanched in oil", 308 - "natural", 931 - "natural with oil");

Important! It is obligatory to have a marked or embossed letter P on the lid, which is a sure sign that a natural fish product was used as a raw material.

when opening a jar before use, attention should be paid to the color (the meat should be light, without dark spots) and the smell of canned food. At the slightest suspicion of a poor-quality product, canned fish should not be consumed.

It is unlikely that you will be able to buy fresh saury in our country, but when buying fresh-frozen saury, it is important to pay attention to the following properties:

ice (glaze) should not be much;
visible natural, without yellowness, carcass color;
smooth, not rumpled carcass;
the presence of factory markings on the packaging.

Compliance with these conditions when buying will help protect themselves from poisoning and intestinal disorders.

Storage rules

The shelf life of sealed canned fish is no more than 2 years from the date of production. It is advisable to store in the refrigerator in compliance with the temperature regime indicated on the label. If a jar of canned fish is opened, then such a product can only be stored in the refrigerator, but not more than 24 hours.

When opening canned fish, it is recommended to remove it into glassware, thus preventing chemical oxidative reactions of the metal upon contact with air. The shelf life of fresh fish in the freezer can be up to a year, provided that the temperature is below 0 ºС and is not subject to frequent fluctuations.

Did you know? The higher the fat content of the fish variety, the shorter the shelf life is acceptable. This is due to the fact that the contained fish oil spoils in the first place and subsequently gives off bitterness when cooked.

saury- oceanic fish of high value in the food industry. Being a storehouse of vitamins and minerals, its moderate use prevents the development of many diseases. Regardless of the method of processing and cooking saury, the amount of nutrients and benefits do not decrease. Despite this characteristic, saury can harm people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, liver and kidneys. So remember that everything is good in moderation.

Back in the distant 70s, canned saury became more popular than sprats, and at the same time they were sold at a very affordable price. Decades later, Pacific natural saury is also often on the dinner table, and you can still buy it for a reasonable price.

Benefits for a person

The beneficial properties of this fish lie in its rich vitamin and mineral composition (contains omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, as well as iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, fluorine) and have been confirmed by many studies in Russia and abroad. Canned Pacific natural saury is recommended by nutritionists to consume regularly for a balanced diet.

Description and application

It is worth noting the “correct” calorie content of canned food, they perfectly saturate the body and satisfy the feeling of hunger, while they do not contain carbohydrates, that is, they are safe for the figure. Canned saury is often added to homemade soups and salads, baked into fragrant pies, served as an appetizer, and also used to make fish cakes. Thanks to proteins of natural origin, canned natural saury is perfectly digested and does not cause excess weight.

We offer seafood

We produce canned fish on the high seas to preserve all the beneficial properties of Pacific fish, eliminating the need to freeze raw materials for subsequent transportation.
We supply canned Pacific natural saury wholesale and retail throughout the Russian Federation, where you can buy products under the Dobroflot brand at a price from the manufacturer.

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Introduction

1. Fishing area

2. Object of fishing

3. Regulatory - legal framework

4. Extraction and cultivation technologies

5. Processing technology

6. Logistics

7. Sales markets

Literature

Introduction

saury spawning fish

The relevance of the work. The Pacific saury is the only intensively exploited member of the scombreshchuk family. From the 17th century to the present, this species has been a valuable object of specialized fishing in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Currently, the annual catch of saury by the countries of the Asia-Pacific basin is 300-400 thousand tons. The share of the domestic catch is only about 15%, although there are significant reserves for its increase

Advanced Scientific Study Pacific saury began in the first half of the 20th century. This period includes the first schemes of saury migrations, studies of the distribution of clusters and its behavior (Andriyashev, 1939; Alperovich, 1940; Sho, 1935; Nakamura, 1937, etc.). A significant, invaluable contribution to the study of this species was made by domestic researchers (Parin, 1960; Novikov, 1966, 1967; Rumyantsev, 1947; Sidelnikov, 1963, 1974, 1981; Shuntov, 1967; Serdyuk, 1967, 1970a, 19706; Pavlychev, 1968; Sablin, 1978; Ivanov, 1994 and others). Their judgments on various issues of biology and ecology of the Pacific saury have not lost their significance at the present time. However, despite the fact that in the second half of the 20th century a very large number of publications appeared, including generalizing reports (Odate, 1977; Fukushima, 1979; Sablin, 1980, etc.), devoted to various aspects of biology and the economic use of saury, many questions remain unanswered. These should include the population structure of the saury, the place and role of this species in marine ecosystems, long-term changes in biological parameters, and population forecasting. Many particular issues that are of interest in connection with the economic use of the species are also insufficiently covered - the size and age structure of commercial accumulations, the features of their distribution and formation, the structure of the stock, including in different regions. Progress in understanding these issues should contribute to the development of a modern strategy for saury fishing and more rational use of its stocks, which reach several million tons only in the northwestern part of the ocean (Novikov, 1974; Oozeki et al., 1999).

In the last decades of the last century, the main emphasis in Russian research was on studying the biology and ecology of saury in a relatively limited area - in the Pacific waters of the Kuril Islands. Only in one TINRO several dissertations were prepared and a large number of papers were published, covering and summarizing various areas of research in this region, starting with the general biological characteristics of the species and ending with the features of technological processing (Sidelnikov, 1966; Novikov, 1967; Sablin, 1980; Shatalina, 1986; Filatov, 1989).

At the same time, scientific works on the biology and ecology of the species in the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk, the central and northeastern parts of the Pacific Ocean are fragmentary (Rumyantsev, 1947; Shuntov, 1967; Novikov, 1973; Baitalyuk and Davydova, 2002; Baitalyuk, Davydova, 2004), there are practically no scientific recommendations and analysis of the use of various types of commercial fishing gear in these areas. A similar picture can be traced in relation to foreign studies. Among the few we can mention the work of I. Gong (Gong, 1984), which highlights the features of biology and saury fishery in the southern part of the Sea of Japan and the work of American authors (Smith et al., 1970; Inoue, Hughes, 1971), concerning the features of biology and ecology of saury in the northeastern part of the ocean.

One of the important tasks of the Russian fishing industry is the development of resources of unused or underutilized species of hydrobionts. Currently, the resources of the Pacific saury are not fully utilized. Thus, another task that is posed in this work is to study the interannual dynamics of the saury population, the current state of stocks and develop recommendations for the rational exploitation of saury with a more significant fishing pressure.

Scientific novelty. Despite the numerous works devoted to the study of the ecology and biology of saury, there are no generalizations covering the maximum possible number of groups of the Pacific saury. The main attention in the work is paid to the technology of growing saury and its rational production in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean.

The accumulated new data, as well as the analysis of information in the literature, made it possible to obtain a more complete picture of the distribution, spawning, migrations, size and age structure, the current state of stocks and the prospects for saury fishing in a certain part of its range.

Practical significance. The generalization of long-term data made it possible to determine the current state and trends in the abundance of saury in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, which remains a priority commercial object here in the near future.

1. Fishing area

The practice of scientific support of the fishery of the Pacific saury over the past 10 years and the studies carried out during this period of the distribution of its commercial accumulations in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, using retrospective shipboard hydrometeorological and hydrobiological measurements, biological data, and satellite altimetry data, have made it possible to advance in understanding the behavior of schools , which depends on oceanological conditions at different spatiotemporal scales. The Pacific saury has a wide range of habitats (Fig. 1) and makes long migrations during its life.

Rice. Distribution of the Pacific saury: 1 - area, 2 - water area of the main habitat of the part of the population spawning in the waters of the Oyashio, Kuroshio and Tsushima currents, 3 - areas of accumulation formation, fished by the fleet of Russia, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the Republic of China (Taiwan)

The main Russian fishing area for Pacific saury is in the Pacific Ocean, or rather in its northwestern part. Saury is also mined in the Kuril-Kamchatka region. These are the two main areas for the extraction and fishing of saury.

Northwestern region (NWTO). These are the richest, mostly shelf, seas of the Pacific Ocean. Some scientists consider the Sea of Okhotsk to be the richest in the world in terms of fish resources and biomass of fodder benthos (220-400 g/m2). The main Russian fisheries, saury, pollock, sardine-ivasi and other valuable commercial fish, and of the invertebrates, the famous king crab, are located in the North-West Territory.

The area includes the western part of the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and adjacent areas of the open Pacific Ocean.

The water area of the NWTO is 20.5 million km 2 . The high bioproductivity of the region's waters is determined by powerful currents - warm Kuroshio and cold Oyashio (Kamchatsky).

The area ranks first in the world in terms of catching fish and invertebrates (over 84 thousand tons in 2014.

In terms of the world catch of fish in this area in 1992, pollock (a fish from the cod family) was in first place with an annual catch of 3.5 million tons, fish of the croaker family was in second (2.6 million tons), and sardine was in third -iwashi (2.5 million tons). Unfortunately, saury (382 thousand tons) took 10th place. Currently, there are very few data on saury catch in this area, and for some years they are not available at all.

Stocks of pelagic fish (Iwasi sardines, mackerel, anchovies, saury), as in other areas of the World Ocean, are subject to significant long-term fluctuations in abundance here. From the 17th century to the present, the Pacific saury has been a valuable object of a specialized fishery in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. The total catch of this species in some years reached 0.5-0.6 million tons, and in the last decade it has been 0.2-0.4 million tons.

The main area of domestic saury fishing is located in the Pacific waters of the southern Kuril Islands. In the second half of the 1980s. saury fishing was quite successful in the region of the middle Kuril Islands. However, fishing in this area has not received further development.

In the second half of the 1990s. due to the decline in economic interest, the Russian catch of saury has significantly decreased. However, after 1999 there was an increase in the catch of saury by the domestic fleet, which, on the one hand, coincided with an increase in the efficiency of fishing, since 1999, on average, it has been more than 10 tons per vessel day, and, on the other hand, with an increase in the profitability of the fleet.

At the same time, despite the increased interest in this object of fishing, the volumes of seizures in the Russian EEZ do not exceed 50% of the TAC. In the Sea of Japan, domestic saury fishing is not carried out, although the annual TAC here is 45-40 thousand tons. Thus, there is an underutilized reserve of saury stocks, both in Pacific waters and in the Sea of Japan. In these regions, in recent years, an increase and stabilization of the abundance of the species has been observed. In some months of recent years, the biomass of saury in the Russian EEZ and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean reached several hundred thousand tons, exceeding the volume of seizures in these areas by an order of magnitude or more. In the 1990s only within the national economic zones of Russia and Japan, the commercial stock of saury ranged from 1 to 4 million tons, while the total volume of seizures during this period did not exceed 30%. Russian catch of saury in 1998 - 2005, thousand tons.

Dynamics of saury catch

World catches of saury


Ttys.

Fish and other hydrobionts are fished in the NWTO by: China (the catch of this country amounted to more than 8.7 million tons), Japan (more than 7.3 million tons), in third place is Russia (3.2 million tons), then South Korea (over 1.9 million tons) and North Korea (over 1.6 million tons).

Russia mainly harvests pollock here (more than 2.3 million tons, or 73% of the total Russian catch in this area), as well as sardine-Ivasi (165 thousand tons), Pacific cod (154 thousand tons), Far Eastern salmon - chum salmon, pink salmon, coho salmon and sockeye salmon (their annual catch in Russia amounted to 115 thousand tons) and Pacific herring (109 thousand tons).

Thus, Russia fishes about 58% of its total catch in the World Ocean in the North-West Territory. However, of the catch of all countries in the NWTO, Russia produces only 13.3% here.

Since the NWTO is the most important fishing area for Russia, below I give information about the seas included in it: the Bering, Okhotsk and Japan. In which saury is most of all mined.

Bering Sea

The Bering Sea is bounded from the west by Chukotka and Kamchatka, from the east by the northern part of Alaska, and from the south by the ridge of the Aleutian Islands. The water area of the sea is 2.3 million km2, the average depth is 1598 m, the maximum (in the Kamchatka Strait) is 5.5 km.

The sea consists of two parts, differing in depth - the northeastern shallow (up to 200 m) and the southwestern deep.

The climate of the northern part of the sea is severe, the water temperature on the surface in summer does not exceed 5-6°C. However, warm waters penetrate into the southern part of the sea from the south through the straits of the Aleutian ridge, the water temperature here is higher - 9-10°C. Current eddies lead to upwellings and an increase in biological productivity. Phytoplankton intensively develops here in the northern shallow water in spring, zooplankton in the spring-summer period, and the zooplankton biomass reaches 1–2.5 g/m3. In the north of the Bering Sea, benthos biomass is high (more than 800 g/m2).

The ichthyofauna of the Bering Sea includes 315 species. Most of them are cold-water boreal species, there are arctic ones in the north. 25 species of fish are of commercial importance. The most important for fishing are herring, pollock, cod, saury, flounder, etc.

The most valuable fish in terms of nutrition are Pacific salmon, char and smelt.

Fishing in the Bering Sea is carried out by Russia, Japan and the United States. The catch of Russia is about 600 thousand tons, most of them are walleye pollock.

The fish productivity of the Bering Sea (1500 kg/km2) corresponds to the most productive regions of the World Ocean.

Under the influence of intensive fishing, the catches and stocks of some hydrobionts - cod, flounder, herring, salmon, king crabs are declining.

The most valuable objects of the Russian fishery are salmon fish. Their catch is about 40 thousand tons per year (including 22 thousand tons of pink salmon, 10 thousand tons of chum salmon, 2 thousand tons of coho salmon and chinook). The main saury fishing areas are located in the Pacific waters of the southern Kuril Islands.

Sea of Okhotsk

The Sea of Okhotsk is separated from the Pacific Ocean by the Kamchatka peninsula, the Kuril Islands and the island of Hokkaido. Its water area is more than 1.6 million km2. The maximum depth is 3657 m. The Amur River flows into it. The water temperature in summer varies from 1.5 to 15°C (usually 5-6°C), in winter 1.8-2.0°C.

Salinity varies from 31-34 ppm in the open sea to 25-30 ppm in bays and estuaries.

From October to June, the Sea of Okhotsk is covered with ice. The northern and southwestern parts of the sea are vast shallow waters with depths of less than 1000 m (69% of the water area). When moving southward, the depth increases, in the southeast of the sea there is a deep-sea basin with a maximum depth of 3657 m.

The Sea of Okhotsk, although not the most northerly, but the coldest of the seas of the Pacific Ocean, its climate is more continental than the climate of the Bering Sea. Penzhinsky Bay is like a "refrigerator" of the sea. Along the continent, the main cold current is directed from north to south, gradually deviating to the east. In the south of the sea, the climate is warmer: the warm waters of the Kuroshio Current penetrate here through the southern straits of the Kuril Islands.

The general direction of water circulation in the Sea of Okhotsk is cyclonic (counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere, clockwise in the southern hemisphere). There is an intermediate layer of water in the sea, at a depth of about 150 m, which does not allow the oxygen contained in the surface layers to penetrate to the depth, and also does not allow the nutrients contained in the deep layers to pass to the surface.

The Sea of Okhotsk is one of the most bioproductive in the world in terms of benthos development: it ranks second in this indicator after the Sea of Azov (400 g/m2). Most of the benthos here is in the northern shallow waters, in the waters of the western shelf of Kamchatka and the eastern shelf of Sakhalin.

According to the well-known researcher of the Far Eastern seas P.Yu. Schmidt, the Sea of Okhotsk, in terms of its fish wealth, ranks first not only among our Far Eastern seas, but also among all the seas known to us.

The fish fauna (ichthyofauna) of the Sea of Okhotsk includes more than 300 species, mostly cold-water. Only in the south and southwest of the sea, where the climate is warmer, do representatives of the south boreal and subtropical fauna live: mullet, mackerel, saury, anchovies, etc.

There are about 30 commercial species. Fishing is based on such fish as pollock, herring, cod, saury, salmon, etc. It is the last group (salmon - chum salmon, pink salmon, sockeye salmon, etc.) that are the main wealth of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk.

In general, the biological resources of the Sea of Okhotsk are used very intensively.

In 1984, the USSR established its 200-mile fishing zone in the Sea of Okhotsk. As a result, a section of the "open sea" was formed in the central part of the Sea of Okhotsk, where other countries, especially Japan, began to actively fish. In some seasons, up to 60 large foreign fishing vessels concentrate here. As a result, the stocks of the main commercial fishes here were put under the threat of “looting”. Strict measures are currently being taken to conserve the biological resources of the Sea of Okhotsk. Far Eastern scientists claim that in a year there will be no commercial fish left in the Sea of Okhotsk. Pollack stocks here have decreased tenfold over the past 10 years. The main reason is uncontrolled fishing. Experts say that hundreds of ships are literally scooping up the fish, simply preventing it from growing. At the same time, a huge part of the catch is simply thrown overboard due to the imperfection of the technology. Dozens of fishing companies, Russian and foreign, are involved in the ruin of the Sea of Okhotsk. At the same time, foreigners underestimate the volume of catch.

Japanese Sea

The Sea of Japan is bounded from the west by the Russian continental Primorye, from the southwest by the Korean Peninsula, from the east by Sakhalin Island and the Japanese Islands. The sea washes the shores of Russia, North and South Korea, as well as Japan. The Sea of Okhotsk is connected to the Sea of Japan by the Straits of Tatar, Nevelsk and Laperouse, and to the Pacific Ocean by the Sangar Strait, and to the East China and Yellow Seas by the Straits of Korea.

The water area of the sea is 1.06 million km2, its maximum depth is 3720 m. There are bays - East Korean and Peter the Great. The main Russian ports are located here: Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Vostochny. The shelves are poorly developed (only the northern part of the Tatar Strait, Primorye and Peter the Great Bay).

Unlike the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, the deep-water basin of the Sea of Japan is filled with very cold water with a constant temperature of about 0C. In summer, only the upper layer warms up to a depth of 200-250 m. The water temperature on the surface in winter varies from zero (in the north) to 12 ° (in the south), but in summer it warms up to 17-26 °. Therefore, the northern part of the Sea of Japan is covered with ice in winter, while the southern part is warm due to the warm Pacific waters penetrating here from the south.

A cold coastal current moves from the Tatar Strait to the south.

The salinity of the water in the Sea of Japan varies from 27.5 ppm near the coast to 34.8 ppm in its open part.

In the recent geological past, before the Ice Age, the land level in the zone of the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk was higher than now, so the Japanese Islands, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands formed a single whole with the Asian mainland. At that time, the Sea of Japan was an inland freshwater body of water, and the Sea of Okhotsk was connected to the ocean by just one strait.

Somewhat later, land subsidence occurred and these seas merged with the Pacific Ocean in straits that were rather deep near the Bering and Okhotsk Seas and relatively shallow near the Sea of Japan.

The Sea of Japan, like the Bering Sea and the Sea of Japan, is quite productive in terms of plankton development. Warm-water plankton species come here in abundance from the south, along with the Tsushima Current.

The ichthyofauna of the Sea of Japan includes 615 species, of which 40 are of commercial importance. The composition of the fish fauna here is very different in different parts of the sea. It is mostly boreal, but in the north-west of the sea it is more cold-water (navaga, cod, herring, flounder, greenlings), and in the south it is subtropical and tropical (mackerel, horse mackerel, tuna, saury, anchovy).

The total catch of fish by all countries here reaches 1.5 million tons per year, including the annual catch of Russia - more than 300 thousand tons.

The most important object of fishing is the Iwashi sardine, whose stocks experience significant long-term fluctuations (catches from 20 thousand tons to 3 million tons per year). In the 20th century, an “outburst” of the abundance of the Iwasi sardine was observed here in 1936-1941, then, from 1943 to the 1970s, a depression in stocks due to changes in the conditions of reproduction and habitat of juveniles, until the mid-80s. - an increase in stocks, and then - a new decrease.

Among other fish, pollock with a possible annual catch of up to 70 thousand tons, salmon (pink salmon and chum) with an annual catch of about 8 thousand tons (in the Amur River, northern Primorye and in the southwest of Sakhalin Island), herring, gobies, smelt, flounders, cod and navaga.

2. Fishing object

The scientific name of the genus comes from the Greek word kolos, meaning "short", and Latin labia-- "lips".

Systematics:

Kingdom: Animals ( Animalia)

Sub-kingdom: Eumetazoans or true multicellular ( Eumetazoa)

Chapter: Bilaterally symmetrical ( Bilateria)

Subsection: Deuterostomes ( Deuterostomy)

Supertype: Chordaria ( Chordaria)

Type: Chordates( Chordata)

Subtype: cranial ( Craniata)

Superclass: Jaws ( Gnathostomata)

Class: bone fish ( OSteichthyes)

Subclass: Ray-finned ( Actinopterygii)

Infraclass: bony fish ( Teleostei)

Superorder: Cyprinodontoid ( Cyprinodontomorpha)

Squad: Garfish ( Beloniformes)

Suborder: Garfish ( Scomberesocoidei)

Family: Mackerel ( Scomberesocidae)

Genus: Saira( Cololabissaira)

View: Pacific saury ( Cololabis saira)

Family: Skumbreschukovye (S comberesocidae ):

It includes only 3 species - mackerel pike, saury and pygmy saury, which belong to the massive plankton-eating fish of the epipelagic zone, including the open ocean. They belong to the moderately warm water ichthyofauna; they are absent in cold Arctic waters and in the tropical zone. Stocks of mackerels are very large, but are used to a small extent, mainly in the northwestern Pacific. The catch of saury in the Pacific Ocean in some years exceeded 500 thousand tons. Huge stocks of saury in the zone of the North Pacific drift are not used by fishing at all, since it does not form dense accumulations and is weakly concentrated under artificial lighting.

Appearance: The body is elongated, covered with small, easily falling scales. Both jaws are pointed and form a small beak. The lower jaw is slightly longer than the upper. The teeth are very small, weak, pointed. The pectoral and ventral fins are small. The dorsal fin is not large, shifted far back, similar in shape to the anal. Behind the dorsal and anal fins, 4 - 6 small additional fins. The lateral line is shifted towards the belly, extending to the 4th lower additional fin. The back is dark green with a blue tint, the belly is silvery, the ventral and anal fins are fawn, the rest are dark.

Spawning area: This is one of the most abundant planktivorous fish in the epipelagic zone of the North Pacific Ocean. The northern border of the spawning part of the saury range runs approximately along 40 - 42 north latitude (N) from the eastern coast of Honshu to the coast of California, descending in American waters to the south of 35 N. The southern border of the range, coinciding with the southern periphery of the spawning area, runs from the Ryukyu Islands along 20 - 25 N, goes around the Hawaiian Islands from the north and closes at the southern tip of the California Peninsula. Thus, the spawning area is located in the subtropical waters of the Kuroshio Current and its continuation - the North Pacific Current, which carries eggs, larvae and fry to the east. In the eastern part of the North Pacific Ocean, the current diverges into Alaska and California, so juvenile saury spawning in American waters is widely settled from the Gulf of Alaska to the California Peninsula. Juveniles are also carried to the North Kuril and Aleutian waters, but, apparently, for the most part do not return to the areas of reproduction.

Feeding saury and its distribution: The feeding of saury is associated with subarctic waters and the zone of mixing of Kuroshio and Oyashio. North of 40 N in addition to juveniles, only feeding saury is found, the distribution of which to the north is subject to significant interannual variability. In some years, it can penetrate in the summer into the waters of eastern Kamchatka and even into the Olyutorsky Bay. In the open ocean, it spreads to the Aleutian Ridge (50 N), being here an important food object for fattening salmon and tuna. The development of the feeding part of the range by saury occurs actively only by adult fish; The main factor influencing the distribution during this period is the distribution of water masses of various origins.

Life cycle and dimensions: Saury is a fish with a short life cycle; lives up to 3 - 4 years of age, while reaching a length of 35 - 36 centimeters (see) and a mass of 200 grams (g.), (according to some reports, the maximum length is 40 cm, and the age limit is 5 years.) Age determination saury for all registering structures does not give sufficiently reliable results. According to the latest data, saury lives only 2 years, and spawns once. Fish at the age of 1 year are on average 23 cm long. and weigh 44 g. Individuals of the limiting age with a length of 36 cm reach a mass of 180 g.

Reproduction: The spawning season for saury is extremely extended, and is celebrated almost all year round. In the western part of the Pacific Ocean, in the waters of Kuroshio occurs in autumn - winter and spring periods at a temperature of 14-25 ?. Saury reaches puberty at the age of two (1+), when it reaches a length of at least 23 cm. But this is not consistent with a life expectancy of 2 years. Apparently, saury partially matures by the end of the first year of life. The main spawning area is the southern part of the Sea of Japan, where there are a lot of Sargassum algae floating on the surface, which serve as a substrate for laying eggs. The fertility of saury is 9-23 thousand eggs. The caviar of the saury is oval in shape, with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 mm. (millimeters). Caviar is spawned in portions, each of which contains about 5 thousand eggs. At one of its poles there is a bundle of sticky hair-like appendages, with which it is attached to a fixed (coastal vegetation) and mobile (fin, algae) substrate.

Seasonal migrations: Seasonal migrations associated with spawning and feeding have been studied only for saury living in the northwestern part of the ocean. In the second half of the spawning period (March - April), saury migrates to the north, by the end of June it approaches the Oyashio front. And they concentrate near the southern Kuril Islands, including the southeast of the Sea of Okhotsk, reaching in some years the waters of southern Kamchatka and the southwestern part of the Bering Sea. The densest accumulations of fattening fish are located in the area of junctions of warm and cold waters. Where the temperature gradients are small (in the north of the feeding area), saury is rarefied. In September - October, mature fish gradually begin to migrate south, but accumulations at the front near Oyashio and Kuroshio persist until December. By the beginning of winter, most of the saury is concentrated in the Kuroshio waters, which have a temperature of at least 14 degrees, to the south and east of the islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu.

In the Sea of Japan, saury appears in its southern part in April and gradually moves north, adhering to the jets of the Tsushima Current. By the end of summer, it penetrates into the Tatar Strait, but this happens only in warm years. Off the coast of Primorye and Sakhalin, Moneron Island to Cape Lomanon, saury, including spawning, appeared in large numbers in 1942-1946 and 1948-1950. Its eggs were found on plug seine traps and drift nets, and underyearlings accumulated in large numbers near the side of ships drifting with drift nets. Spawning in the northern part of the Sea of Japan continues throughout the summer; with the onset of cold weather, saury moves south.

One of the main and stable feeding areas for saury in the Sea of Japan is located off the coast of the island of Korea between 35 and 39 N latitude. with a distance of up to 200 miles from the coast, including partly the Yamato Bank. There is an intensive net fishing. They catch saury almost the whole year, but the most stable fishing situation occurs in March - June and November - December during the northern and southern migration. According to long-term data (1959 - 2004), an average of 67% is caught in March - June (maximum in May) and 30% in November - December. In July - September, saury mostly leaves the coastal waters of the Korean Peninsula, catches per effort are reduced. At this time, less than 4% of the annual catch is mined. The fishing area varies little from year to year, but in warm years the center of fishing shifts to the north and, conversely, no relationship between the catch size and the type of year is revealed. In addition, in warm years, the share of the catch of large saury increases.

Saury juveniles do not make active migrations, they are passively carried by currents.

Nutrition: Saury feeds on zooplankton, mainly crustaceans - copepods, hyperiids and euphausians, sometimes eggs and fish larvae, in particular anchovies. Feeding occurs only during daylight hours; during spawning, feeding almost completely stops.

Economic value: An important object of specialized fishing in the Pacific waters. The stocks of saury in the Sea of Japan are practically not used by domestic fisheries, although the fishermen of South and North Korea catch up to 40 thousand tons per year here.

It is mainly mined in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean and the adjacent southwestern parts of the Sea of Okhotsk. The Russian catch in 1958 - 1997 ranged from 0.4 to 73.0 thousand tons. High catches were in the first half of the 70s (43.0 - 69.0), low - in 1983 - 1986 (0.4 - 11.5). In 1997 and 1998 Russian fishermen caught only 7 and 5, but already in 2000. 40.6 thousand tons were mined. The Japanese over all these years have mined an average of 220 thousand tons, the maximum catch was 623 thousand tons in 1925. Catches of over 300 thousand tons were in 1954-1956, 1978-1979. In the last 10 years (1989-1998), on average, 269 thousand tons were caught on average per year. (Figure 3). Stocks are underused. The potential catch in the oceanic waters of the economic zone of Russia is estimated at 150 thousand tons, and the total catch in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean may be at least 450 thousand tons.

3. Legal Framework

People have long tried to preserve and increase the wealth of our country. But today this issue is extremely acute, not only with mineral resources, flora and fauna, but also with the fishing industry. To date, there are a number of laws that partially restrict or completely prohibit one or another human activity in the fishing industry.

Currently, there are a number of fishing zones, called the basin. There are eight in total. (FZ - 166; Art. 17) Far East, Baikal, Northern, Volga - Caspian, Azov - Black Sea, East Siberian, West Siberian, Western. Each pool has its own set of rules, and in order to know exactly these or other restrictions, you first need to determine in which pool this or that fish pitchfork lives.

The habitat and fishing area of the Pacific saury is concentrated in the Far East basin. On October 21, 2013, Order No. 385 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation approved the fishing rules for the Far Eastern Fisheries Basin. Here are some of them:

Point 2 Parts l. speaks about which areas of production (catch), commercial zones (subzones), and their boundaries include the Far East basin.

The Far Eastern fishery basin includes:

a) the Chukchi Sea with the basins of the rivers flowing into it, the Bering Sea with the basins of the rivers flowing into it, the waters of the Pacific Ocean adjacent to Eastern Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands with the basins of the rivers flowing into it, the Sea of Okhotsk with the basins of the rivers flowing into it, the Sea of Japan with basins of rivers flowing into it, as well as water bodies of fishery significance located on the land territory of the Russian Federation within the borders of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; Primorsky, Khabarovsk and Kamchatka Territories; Jewish Autonomous Region; Sakhalin, Magadan and Amur regions, bounded by the basins of the above rivers, with the exception of ponds and flooded quarries owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipal and private property;

Item 16 speaks of a ban on the extraction (catch) of all types of aquatic biological resources during the passage of Pacific salmon.

It is prohibited to harvest (catch) all types of aquatic biological resources near […] the mouths of spawning salmon rivers at a distance of less than 2 km on both sides of the mouth and at a distance of 2 km deep into the sea or bay during the passage of Pacific salmon - from May 15 to October 31 (on subzone Primorye within the boundaries of the Primorsky Territory - all types of fish, excluding Pacific salmon, from June 1 to October 31), within the boundaries of the Magadan region - all types of fish, excluding Pacific salmon, from July 1 to September 15, on Iturup Island - from July 1 to October 31, on Kunashir Island - from July 15 to October 31).

Item 21 The commercial size of aquatic biological resources is determined in fresh form:

in fish - by measuring the length from the top of the snout (with the mouth closed) to the base of the middle rays of the caudal fin;

Item 22. By-catch of aquatic biological resources less than the commercial size (juveniles) is allowed:

22.3. in the case of specialized fishing for other types of aquatic biological resources and in other areas - in the amount of not more than 8 percent of the bill for one operation for the extraction (catch) of the catch of this object;

Item 31. When fishing, it is prohibited:

31.1. to harvest (catch) aquatic biological resources:

· Without a permit for the extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources (except for the extraction (catch) of permitted by-catch), as well as without allocated quotas (volumes) for the extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

· in excess of the quotas (volumes) of production (catch) allocated to them by areas of production (catch), as well as types of aquatic biological resources and volumes of permitted by-catch;

· in the absence of a person responsible for the extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources (when fishing without the use of vessels of the fishing fleet);

· from ships and floating facilities not duly registered (with the exception of ships and floating facilities not subject to state registration);

with the use of explosive, toxic and narcotic drugs (substances), tools and methods of extraction (catching) that affect aquatic biological resources with electric current, piercing tools for extraction (catch) and firearms (with the exception of the extraction (catch) of mammals), as well as other tools and methods of extraction (catch) prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

methods of bugling, jamming, rutting (including with the help of rattling and botany);

on wintering pits;

on inland waterways (navigable fairways) used for navigation (with the exception of areas agreed with basin government authorities for inland water transport, in which water transport is not interfered with), at dams, locks at a distance of less than 500 m, at discharge collectors within a radius of less than 500 m;

· in prohibited terms and in areas (places) of production (catch) closed for production (catch);

31.2. accept (deliver), have on board the vessel catches of aquatic biological resources (or fish or other products from them) of one species under the name of another species or without indication in the fishing log or technological log of the species composition of the catch, accept (deliver) catches without weighing them, or determining the amount of catch of aquatic biological resources by the volume-weight method, and / or by the method of piece counting, followed by recalculation to the average weight of aquatic biological resources;

31.3. keep records and provide information on the extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources with a distortion of the actual size of the catch, its species composition, the tools used for extraction (catch), terms, types of use and methods of extraction (catch), as well as without indicating the area of production (catch) or indicating the incorrect name of the area of production (catch);

It is allowed to deviate from the weight of fish and other products from aquatic biological resources previously declared by the captain of the vessel […], located on board the vessel, within 5 percent in one direction or another, with subsequent adjustments to the fishing log, technological log and customs declaration with notification of the relevant regulatory authorities organs.

31.4. have aquatic biological resources (including their fragments (parts) and / or fish or other products from them) not included in the fishing log , technological magazine, acceptance documents;

31.5. to have on board the vessel and fishing grounds in working condition suitable for fishing, fishing gear, the use of which is prohibited in the given area and in the given period of time, as well as aquatic biological resources, the extraction (catch) of which in the given area and in the given period of time period of time is prohibited, or their fragments (parts);

31.6 install:

tools for production (catch) with overlapping of more than 2/3 of the width of the river, stream or channel, and the deepest part of the channel should remain free […].

fixed tools for production (catch) in a checkerboard pattern;

31.7. use:

fixed (anchor) and drifter (smooth) harvesting (catch) tools, including formations connected or sewn from nets, without indicating their position with the help of buoys or identification marks, which contain information about the name of the user who harvests (catch) aquatic biological resources and number of the permit for extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources;

31.8. throw away harvested (caught) aquatic biological resources permitted for harvesting (catch). Shredded waste from the processing of catches of aquatic biological resources can be dumped outside 3 nautical miles from the nearest coast, with the exception of such discharge in the water areas of water bodies provided for use by legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and / or citizens on the basis of a water use agreement, in the zones of sanitary protection of water bodies, in port waters and on the roadsteads of ships;

31.10. use harvesting (catch) tools that have a size and equipment, as well as a mesh size (pitch) that do not meet the requirements of the Fishing Rules;

31.11. allow pollution of water bodies of fishery importance and deterioration of natural habitat conditions for aquatic biological resources;

31.12. to harvest (catch) acclimatized species of aquatic biological resources that are not permitted in accordance with the established procedure for harvesting (catch). Such aquatic biological resources that have fallen into the tools of production (catch) should be immediately released alive into their natural habitat with the least damage, and the fact of their capture should be recorded in the fishing log;

31.13. leave waste from the cutting of aquatic biological resources in fishing areas;

Item 35. Production (catch) is prohibited:

35.2. in inland water bodies of fishery significance, with the exception of inland sea waters located on the territory of the Primorsky Territory:

a) all types of aquatic biological resources:

· in the tributaries of the Razdolnaya River: Ananievka, Nezhinka, Sirenevka, Gryaznaya, Second River;

· the Barabashevka River (from the mouth, including the outer estuary within a radius of 2 km, to the Barabashevsky bridge), the Ryazanovka River (including the outer estuary, within a radius of 2 km);

the river Zheltaya;

35.3. in Lake Elgygytgyn, located on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, all types of aquatic biological resources.

Item 37. It is forbidden:

37.2. extraction (catch) of all types of aquatic biological resources by trawls in the northern part of the Ussuri Bay, bounded from the south by a line connecting Cape Basargin and Cape Otkryty (Peter the Great Bay), - from April 15 to June 15;

Item 95. Users engaged in the extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources, guilty of violating the Fishing Rules, are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

On December 20, 2004, Federal Law No. 166 “On Fishing and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources” was adopted, which states:

Article 6Scope of legislation on fisheries and conservation of aquatic biological resources

The effect of legislation on fishery and conservation of aquatic biological resources applies to:

1) the internal waters of the Russian Federation, including the internal sea waters of the Russian Federation, as well as the territorial sea of the Russian Federation, the continental shelf of the Russian Federation and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation;

2) ships on the high seas, sailing under the State flag of the Russian Federation and assigned to the ports of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by an international treaty of the Russian Federation;

3) the land territory of the Russian Federation, which is used for the purposes of fishing and conservation of aquatic biological resources.

Article 7Participants of relations in the field of fishery and conservation of aquatic biological resources

1. The participants in relations in the field of fisheries and the conservation of aquatic biological resources are the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities, citizens and legal entities.

2. On behalf of the Russian Federation, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, the state authorities of the Russian Federation, the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, within their competence established by regulatory legal acts, respectively, participate in relations in the field of fishing and conservation of aquatic biological resources, determining the status of these bodies.

Article 7.1.Production of fish and other products from aquatic biological resources

1. On the vessels of the fishing fleet, the production of fish and other products from aquatic biological resources is allowed in the course of industrial fishing.

2. The use of catches of aquatic biological resources obtained (caught) in coastal fishing is carried out for the production of fish and other products from aquatic biological resources in the territories of coastal subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as in the cases provided for by this Federal Law on ships of the fishing fleet.

3. The use of catches of aquatic biological resources harvested (caught) in the course of fishing activities not specified in part 1 of this article may be carried out for the production of fish and other products from aquatic biological resources on the territory of any subject of the Russian Federation.

4. The production of fish and other products from aquatic biological resources is carried out in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations.

Article 7.3.Scientific activity in the field of fishery and conservation of aquatic biological resources

2. Scientific activities in the field of fishing and conservation of aquatic biological resources may be carried out both with and without withdrawal of aquatic biological resources from their habitat.

Article 10Ownership of aquatic biological resources

1. Water biological resources are in federal ownership, except for the cases provided for by part 2 of this article.

2. Water biological resources living in ponds, flooded quarries may be in federal ownership, the property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipal and private property.

3. Legal entities and citizens who carry out fishing in the manner prescribed by this Federal Law acquire the right of ownership to the harvested (caught) aquatic biological resources in accordance with civil law.

Article 12Restrictions on the right to harvest (catch) aquatic biological resources

The right to harvest (catch) aquatic biological resources may be restricted in accordance with federal laws and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

Article 13Termination of the right to harvest (catch) aquatic biological resources

1. The right to harvest (catch) aquatic biological resources is terminated:

1) upon expiration of the right to harvest (catch) aquatic biological resources;

2) by agreement between the person to whom the aquatic biological resources have been granted for use and the authorized body of state power;

3) in case of refusal of the person to whom the aquatic biological resources have been granted for use, from the right to harvest (catch) the said aquatic biological resources;

4) upon liquidation of a legal entity or in connection with the death of a citizen to whom aquatic biological resources were provided for use;

5) in other cases provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws.

Article 15Types of aquatic biological resources for which fishing is carried out

1. Fishing is carried out in relation to the types of aquatic biological resources, the extraction (catch) of which is not prohibited.

2. Lists of types of aquatic biological resources in respect of which commercial fishing and coastal fishing are carried out are approved by the federal executive authority in the field of fisheries.

3. The list of especially valuable and valuable species of aquatic biological resources is approved by the federal executive authority in the field of fisheries.

Article 16Types of fishing

1. Citizens and legal entities may carry out the following types of fishing:

1) industrial fishing;

2) coastal fishing;

3) fishing for research and control purposes;

4) fishing for educational, cultural and educational purposes;

5) fishing for the purposes of aquaculture (fish farming);

6) amateur and sport fishing;

7) fishing in order to ensure the maintenance of the traditional way of life and the implementation of traditional economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation.

2. Aquatic biological resources may be used for one or more types of fishing provided for by part 1 of this article, unless otherwise provided by federal laws.

Article 53Compensation for damage caused to aquatic biological resources

1. Compensation for damage caused to aquatic biological resources shall be carried out on a voluntary basis or on the basis of a court decision in accordance with the duly approved rates and methods for calculating the amount of damage caused to aquatic biological resources, and in the absence of them, based on the costs of restoring aquatic biological resources.

2. The amount of damage caused to aquatic biological resources and which should be considered major, the procedure for its determination shall be established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. Extraction and cultivation technologies

Saury is an important commercial species that forms commercial aggregations. Fishing is seasonal (fishing), conducted by drift nets, side traps and aft saury traps, at night with the help of light traps. The saury fishery is highly specific, and for a number of reasons it differs significantly, for example, from cod, pollock and, even more so, salmon. It is very important that they have not yet learned how to grow saury in captivity, i.e. this is a wild fish, naturally foraging for itself and growing in the free expanses of the ocean.

Rice. Catching saury at night with the help of light and onboard side traps: 1-cut of the running wing; 2 - fastening the lamps of the left side; 3 - port lamp cable; 4 - spot cut; 5 - spire; 6 - white starboard lamps; 7 - ring pickup; 8 - concentrating lamp; 9 - ring for a halyard; 10 - detachable ring; 11 - halyard for transporting a concentrating lamp; 12 - tie-down cable; 13 - beige edge; 14 - power block

The onboard trap contains a net fabric planted on the rebounds, tie-down cables and rings, as well as a spacer pole to which the upper rebound is attached. The spacer pole is made hollow and also performs the role of buoyancy. To attract saury to the trap catch area, the device includes a fishery lighting system consisting of lamps located along the perimeter of the vessel board to transfer saury to the trap zone and a group of concentrating lamps to maintain the concentration of fish in the trap zone. A group of concentrating lamps is located on the shot above the trap's coverage area.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is as follows. The length of the shot, on which a group of concentrating lamps is installed, like the analogous device, is no more than 10-13 m, depending on the size of the vessel. In sea conditions, with side rolling, the concentrating lamps located at the tip of the shot make oscillatory movements in the vertical plane, while the amplitude of the oscillations is greater, the stronger the roll and the longer the shot. Such oscillatory movements of lamps sharply reduce their concentrating capabilities. Moreover, the differences in illumination on the surface of the water in the area of the trap, which occur during roll, under certain conditions, under certain conditions, often cause a negative reaction of saury to light, which entails the departure of fish from the area of the trap. In addition, since the spacer pole - buoyancy, depending on the size of the vessel and the trap, is located at a distance of 20-50 m from the side of the vessel, and the length of the shot is limited to 10-13 m (a further increase in the length of the shot complicates its design and operation), then the light spot, created by concentrating lamps, is located not in the center of the space caught by the trap, but closer to the ship's side. This leads to the fact that the lamps concentrate the fish in the immediate vicinity of the side of the vessel, i.e. in the place through which the bottom line passes when the trap is hauled, cutting through the formed school, resulting in an incomplete school volume. Thus, the aforementioned shortcomings reduce the efficiency of catching saury with side traps.

Rice. Catching saury with drift nets:

Drift fishing- this is fishing, which is carried out by drifters - fishing vessels. The ship drifts with the current and wind along with a very long network, the so-called drifter order, or floating networks, making up a single system. The length of networks can reach 50 km. These nets catch moving fish. The need for drift nets arose in connection with the need to catch certain types of fish that are kept sparsely. Like Saira.

Network features. Drift (or smooth) nets are a net cloth, which the fish does not regard as an obstacle, therefore it pulls the meshes tightly, tightly entangled in them without the possibility of escaping. Rectangular individual nets 10-12 m high and 30 m long are interconnected in a single drifter order, the basis of which can be a leader rope, and buoys and floats support this system at a given depth. Drifter nets are used for industrial fishing from drifters.

...

What to cook from canned fish?

Canned saury is a versatile product: it is convenient to buy it for future use and keep it in the kitchen in case you need to quickly prepare lunch or dinner. Canned fish are unpretentious to storage conditions, and a convenient lock with a key makes it easy to open the jar. Saury makes delicious and hearty salads, rich soups, as well as a variety of fish snacks.

Why buy canned saury?

The product of the highest quality, manufactured at sea in accordance with GOST.
Wild fish is rich in vitamins, microelements and valuable Omega-3 acids.
Does not contain harmful additives and flavor enhancers.

Saury belongs to a group of fish that canned food manufacturers have chosen. It is valued for its good energy value, pleasant taste and the absence of many small bones that cannot be chewed normally.

Canned fish took root on the tables of immigrants from the countries of the former USSR just in the days of the Soviet Union. The TOP of favorites includes not only the legendary sprat in tomato with sprats, but also saury. Tourists still love to take it on hikes, making a hearty soup in haste.

Be sure to find a couple of jars of such goodies on the shelf of a burnt bachelor who is used to serving himself on his own.

Young people like such canned food, because it is unlikely that students are able to get hold of good meat raw materials for stews, and with the help of a semi-finished product it will be possible to organize a plentiful and budgetary dinner.

What kind of animal?

Not even all time-tested fans of this ocean dweller know that he belongs to the mackerel group. They gather in the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. In total, two genera fell into this family, which differ slightly in external characteristics.

The Atlantic counterpart received an elongated jaw, while the Pacific version is not capable of boasting such a shape. But in all other respects, there were no significant differences among the inhabitants of the two oceans. Both representatives have a long body, which is covered with easily removable scales. The jaws are specially pointed for easier capture of prey.

Fish representatives received a silvery belly, and on the sides of their scales has a greenish tint. The back remains dark. The only sadness for all gourmets is the fact that the average specimens cannot boast a length of more than 40 cm. This means that the weight of an average individual usually varies within 200 grams.

The fastidious favorite of busy housewives prefers to live in subtropical and temperate latitudes. This means that the saury does not like the cold, instead it chooses the open ocean space, living at a relatively shallow depth.

The source of its diet is plankton of the crustacean type. To acquire offspring, individuals have to migrate far, overcoming considerable distances. Heat-loving fish prefer to sit out the winter period and at the same time the breeding season near the coast of eastern or southern Japan.

As soon as the summer heat comes, it moves closer to Sakhalin or Kamchatka, and then everything repeats in a circle.

Spawning occurs according to the usual scheme: eggs are laid in portions. Future babies are attached to any moving surface, apparently due to special sticky fibers, which are called threads. It is believed that only those individuals that have survived their third year of existence are suitable for fishing.

If the catch is made in the ocean, then for this, specialists use the natural curiosity of such animals. The classic method of fishing involves the need to set up nets next to light traps. Being interested in bright light rays, whole schools of fish swim in the net.

Despite the fact that many people are accustomed to seeing the mention of saury exclusively in the context of canned products, in specialized stores you can find it freshly frozen. This processing option is great if you want to cook a hearty first course, because such an ear will delight you with good taste and minimal cooking time.

You can also find recipes with canned food that tell how to prepare simple appetizers or salads.

A fresh-frozen analogue works well with any type of heat treatment. Saury is even sent to the pie along with a vegetable filling to make it more piquant.

How to choose?

Some producers often deceive their consumers by releasing less valuable fish under the guise of real saury. And although it may not pose a direct threat to the life and health of the consumer, it would be a shame to overpay for a cheaper analogue, and the jellied unsweetened pastries will not be so fragrant.

To avoid the risks of running into a fake or a completely low-quality product, it is important to follow just a few simple instructions:

carefully check the condition of the jar, leaving aside swollen or damaged containers;
study the date of manufacture, postponing the option with a “just about” suitable expiration date;
read the numbers on the tin cover.

But if people usually do not lose vigilance with the first two points, then problems often arise with the last one. Even long-time fans of this canned food do not always know what the punched numbers indicate on the top of the package.

In total, there are two main markings that provide for the mention:

186 - blanching in an oil base;
308 is a natural product.

If the consumer trusted the designation on the bank, but upon opening it turned out that the installed code did not match the content, then this indicates a fake. And today craftsmen have got the hang of forging even products of well-known brands, releasing counterfeit products under a label with a worldwide reputation.

After the jar is opened, you should visually assess the level of its fullness. If golden light pieces are neatly stacked inside, which have not fallen apart or peeled off, then this is a good sign. Usually, honest manufacturers do not skimp on laying the capacity of at least 70%.

If there was an incomprehensible mess inside, more like minced fish for cutlets, then this indicates either a fake or that the product has already deteriorated.

The energy value

One hundred grams of peeled fillets provide for the content of 14 grams and 19 grams. A distinctive feature of saury is the absence, which makes the fish a favorite among those who are used to adhering to the rules of dietary nutrition.

If you cook such a cleaned carcass in the oven with as a side dish, you get a tasty and healthy meal.

Also, for the benefits confirmed during numerous scientific studies, the rich composition with components of natural origin should be thanked. Here are written , and . Also, goodness will please with the presence of minerals, among which most of all:,.

The last point implies the content and, which are difficult to find in sufficient quantities in other foods. Such elements have a beneficial effect on the functioning of brain activity and the state of human vessels.

If you know how to cook almost a delicacy correctly while retaining most of the nutritional value, then you can easily replenish the body with the missing fatty acids. Since the body is not able to independently generate these components, they have to be obtained from incoming food.

Another interesting fact about fish Omega-6 Omega-9s is that their melting point is only 30 degrees.

This means that when they enter the bloodstream, they turn into naturally occurring brushes. Cleansing cholesterol plaques from the walls of blood vessels, they act as an excellent natural preventive measure to combat diseases of the cardiovascular system.

First, the main ingredients are sent to twist into a meat grinder. And only then garlic is added there, which previously passed through the press. After that, the mass is mixed.

To make it easier to spread, liquid from canned food is added to the mixture. But here it is important not to overdo it, because due to the dryness of the cottage cheese, there is no exact norm. The consistency is brought to mind at its own discretion.

If you do not want to add garlic, then you can replace it with other spices at your own discretion, choosing the optimal proportions yourself.