Pipe, cigarette tobacco (the main varieties of tobacco). The best tobacco for self-rolling - review, features, types and reviews Tobacco and its types

Can be compared to jam. It is not as dry as pipe and hand-rolled tobaccos. In addition, it is impregnated with flavored syrup. It is always wet, sticky - so that it burns longer. In general, it is not at all like what we used to call tobacco. Hookah mixtures are often considered unnatural. But in fact, they are from the same tobacco as pipe or cigarette blends. Just for a hookah, the most important thing is a strong smell, and for a pipe or a self-rolling cigarette, it is the disclosure of what is in tobacco from nature. And the division by type of pipe and cigarette tobacco is not at all the same as that of hookah tobacco.

What is pipe tobacco

It can be mixtures, and pure:, etc. You can mix them up to your taste. Usually in a mixture one or two types of tobacco are dominant, and the rest fill it with specific notes.

Of the most famous - English, American and Danish. The English blend is a classic type blend of Virginia, Latakia and oriental tobaccos.

Danish blends are more intense, usually Virginia and spicy dark Cavendishes. Good example - .

American blends are the lightest, sweetest, and various flavors are often added to American tobacco. The most famous brand in this regard is.

What is cigarette tobacco

Zvars should be singled out among them - this is the strongest composition of tobaccos, dark, smelling of prunes and fire smoke. In order to obtain these characteristics, tobaccos are dried over a fire.

Next in the fortress are halfzvars. Their base is the well-known Virginia and Kentucky tobaccos. A small amount of Oriental is mixed into the Mild-type tobacco blend, which is softer, except for Virginia and Burley. The lightest tobacco blend is called Extra (ultra) mild. It is very reminiscent of mild, it uses the same tobaccos, but thanks to special treatments, they achieve a milder taste and aroma.

In cigarette tobacco, the cut is usually fine, sometimes even thinner than that of pipe tobacco.

Of cigarette tobaccos, the most pure and environmentally friendly are considered

Snuff can be divided into dry and wet. Dry is inhaled through the nose, and wet is laid between the lip and gum. Wet snuff is often confused with chewing tobacco.

Tobacco is a plant around which fierce disputes have been going on for many years: is it useful or harmful? But, one way or another, many people cannot give up a bad habit - smoking. The tobacco industry is in full swing, but no smoker can deny himself the pleasure of inhaling strong tobacco of his own production. It is a fact. But there is another side of the coin: the use of tobacco in medicine, the perfume industry. So this plant is still a stumbling block.

Description
Tobacco (Nicotiána tabácum) is an annual herbaceous plant of the nightshade family, to which, by the way, the beloved tomatoes belong.

The stem is powerful, hard, rough, with numerous branched layers. Height - up to 3 m.

The leaves are large, the width depends on the variety: they can be wide or narrow, wedge-shaped, fleecy. A resinous sticky substance is released on the surface.

The flowers are tubular, white-pink, five-lobed. Inflorescences - elongated, narrow. - small, rounded

Story
The first mention of tobacco dates back to Ancient Egypt. In 1976, French scientists discovered shredded tobacco in the cavity of the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses II. Until that time, it was believed that tobacco was cultivated only in pre-Columbian America.

The first Europeans who brought it to Europe were members of the Columbus expedition in 1492.

It should be noted that the Inquisition declared tobacco a "hellish potion" and one of the members of the expeditionary force, Rodrigo de Perez, was imprisoned for smoking. So, society has been fighting bad habits for many years. But, despite this, tobacco continued to conquer more and more new territories.

In 1556, the French missionary André Thevet brought tobacco seeds from Brazil. They were planted in the greenhouses of Angouleme and took root pretty well.

By the way, the Latin name of tobacco "Nicotiania" is given in honor of the man who brought the plant to France - Jean Nico.

Since 1560, tobacco has firmly settled in Spain at the court of King Philip II and was used as a snuff. Then the plant moved to England and became an integral part of high society.

Peter I brought tobacco to Russia. Imitating the Europeans, he became addicted to smoking. Thanks to this, the cultivation of the plant began in the Russian expanses. And quite successfully.

The popularity of tobacco led to the fact that as a result of breeding work, new varieties appeared: more hardy.

Work on the development of new varieties is still ongoing. But there remain varieties that are considered iconic, the most sought after for their undeniable qualities.

The most popular varieties
— «Gold Virginia»

There are many varieties of tobacco. Below are varieties suitable for our climate:

Virginia 202

Variety of the Krasnodar Institute of Tobacco and Makhorka. Early ripe, gaining strength and aroma very well. Resistant to many diseases. High in carbohydrates. Adapted to growing with little to no watering. Very reliable unpretentious.
This variety belongs to the dark Virginias, which have a darker mahogany hue, rich aroma and medium strength. At home, fire drying can be replaced with solar. Drying in a greenhouse or between window frames gives a good result; in the heat, the main thing is to provide moisture with water containers. The longer the Virginia leaf is processed and fermented, the darker, more aromatic and full-bodied it becomes. Even in our conditions, this variety steadily grows up to two or more meters and has a leaf size of about seventy centimeters, second only to Burley in these indicators. The ripening period is medium-late, but with timely planting, it ripens well by the end of September. When ripe, the leaf acquires a pronounced marked yellowness. Traditional planting pattern: 70x30 cm.

Virginia Gold

Virginia is the sweetest type of tobacco in the world. It is mainly used in the bag of manufactured cigarettes (70% of the whole bag, forms the basis) and pipe blends. The variety is native to America, Virginia. Currently, it is grown throughout Western Europe and Russia. Golden Virginia is the easiest to grow, suitable for central Russia, because it has resistance against tobacco diseases (tobacco mosaic disease, etc.). Also very good for beginners (easy to control maturity). It is best to grow in the open sun, not in the shade. As the leaf turns yellowish-green, it is removed. Gives a very large yield of raw materials. The variety is medium late, ripens by mid-August. Grows fast, loves moderate watering. Bush "thick". The length of the leaves reaches 60-65 centimeters or more. The stem is thick, about 4-5 centimeters in diameter. Bush 200-220 cm high. Flowers range from pale pink to bright pink. The seeds are small. The aroma of smoke in this variety is bright, with a slight sourness, fruity-sweet due to the large amount of sugars. Burning is excellent. The strength is medium. Drying is recommended by fire (duration is about 4-5 days), after which the leaf acquires a light yellow, light brown color, but in our conditions it can also be replaced by sun, with a complete loss of chlorophyll. The longer the drying time, the darker and stronger the leaf becomes, with a rich aroma. For the full disclosure of taste, fermentation is required, the more the better (from six months to a year).

Herzegovina Flor

Tobacco with a unique taste and aroma. People call it "Stalin's Tobacco".
Achieved popularity due to its highly productive, flavoring and aromatic qualities, as well as medium-to-moderate strength. Great for both smoking in a pipe and stuffing cigarettes. It is used both in various bags and separately.
In cultivation it is unpretentious, reaches a height of more than one and a half meters. The leaves are among the largest in size for the semi-aromatic type. Due to the instability of the variety, under certain conditions, mutations up to three meters high are observed. Such giants were popularly called the Duke, but so far it has not been possible to consolidate such a useful property. An important feature of the variety is that it does not tolerate accelerated and artificial fermentation and fully shows all its qualities only after at least six months of aging. Landing pattern: 70x25.

Dukat Crimean

Crimean tobaccos have always been highly aromatic. And in the middle lane, they showed themselves from the best side. Plants are large. Leaves up to half a meter long. Easily fermented.
Dukat Crimean is very popular among domestic amateur tobacco growers. It is unpretentious in cultivation, quite early ripening. The bush is low, but dense, the leaves are up to fifty centimeters long, the correct oval shape. Unlike other varieties, the leaves ripen before the color appears, so their harvesting begins as early as July. The readiness of the sheet is determined by the appearance of a light yellow border around the edges. Combined sun-shadow drying is applied to the variety. One of the features of Dukat is that it does not tolerate accelerated and artificial fermentation. This variety was originally bred for cultivation on the territory of the USSR, and therefore is quite resistant to climate conditions even in Central Russia, although in the north it loses a little in aroma.
Landing pattern: 70x20 cm.

Kentucky Barley

Kentucky Barley Tobacco naturally has a pleasant nutty flavor. In this way, it compares favorably with other varieties of tobacco, which, before use, must go through a difficult and long fermentation path, which is especially difficult for beginner tobacco growers.
Burley is the #1 tobacco used in the cigarette industry. In the United States, it is grown mainly in eight states. Approximately 70% is made in Kentucky.

What characterizes this variety? The Burley variety contains a low amount of sugars, a high amount of essential oils. The content of nicotine in the leaf varies from average to very high levels. Many lovers of this tobacco call Burley a chameleon - Burley is able to "dissolve in the tobacco mixture, absorb the aroma of the environment - tobacco of other varieties." Indeed, Burley is able to accept 20-25% of flavors from its own weight. Canada at one time restricted the import of burley cigarettes due to the high flavoring content.

This strain naturally contains a high percentage of nicotine. In our conditions of central Russia, he does not gain much nicotine, and this is also ideal for growing.

Makhorka Moscow

A subspecies of tobacco that differs from Nicotiana tabacum in smaller growth (up to 120 cm) and greater strength. Country Tobacco got its botanical name for its ubiquity and ease of cultivation. Almost no care is required for her, with the exception of topping and pinching. The peculiarity of this variety is that it is tobacco for those who are late to plant other varieties in early spring. It is not too late to plant shag even in June, and immediately into the soil, that is, in a seedless way, and it is guaranteed to yield a crop by September. However, to obtain high-quality raw materials, it is still better to plant seedlings, but later than tobacco for two to three weeks. Unlike tobacco, shag is completely unpretentious and grows quietly from the southern regions up to the Arctic Circle. Another feature: the shag is cut off with a whole bush and thus dried. In order for languor to begin right on the vine, a few days before cutting, plating is used, that is, the stem is cut in half. When preparing shag, the stem (badyl) also matters. In crushed form, it is added to the fermented leaves to reduce the strength. Thus, shag can be smoked separately, but many people prefer to add it to various tobacco blends to give them a special flavor (especially pronounced in this variety), and Virginia tobaccos also have strength. Even for non-smokers, shag has uses as a pest and moth control. Landing pattern 50-70x20 cm.

Maryland - Maryland Tobacco

Maryland is one of the three main cultivar types of the American tobacco subspecies, just as Burghley belongs to the Maryland variety, which is different from the Virginia. It ranks third in terms of plantings in the United States, and is grown in other countries. In Russia, this tobacco has been grown since 1828.
Tobacco variety "Maryland" refers to light varieties. The color of the finished raw material is dark brown.
The taste is discreet, distinguished by a fine texture and excellent combustibility. Use for all cigars and cigarettes of traditional French taste. The amount of nicotine is low. Light, light, air drying.
High yielding, early maturity. Disease resistant.
It is unpretentious in cultivation, easily adapts even to the climate of central Russia, although it does not reach the results here at home. On average, the height of a plant in our climate is 1.8 meters, the length of the leaf is up to 50 cm. Mid-season, it releases flowers relatively early. In the case of topping, it gives many stepchildren and needs to be removed. Better than many varieties resistant to tobacco diseases, which is important for self-growing. The leaf is dense, normally green, needs languishing, but is rather easily burnt out. Shadow-cured tobacco. Fermentation or aging is highly desirable for full flavor development. Traditional planting pattern: 70x30 cm.

Holly 316

Late-ripening form, intensive type of leaf ripening. Low nicotine. From planting to the ripening of the leaves of the last breaking 120 days.
The shape of the plant is cylindrical with protruding leaves. The leaf is sessile, long, broadly elliptical, light green. Technical leaves 30-37. The variety is mid-late, skeletal type. The beginning of flowering on the 108th day, the ripening of the leaves of the first tier on the 80-85th day. The variety is resistant to peronosporosis, tobacco mosaic virus. The inflorescence is round, medium compact. The top is slightly pointed. The swelling of the leaf is medium. The edge of the sheet is smooth or very slightly wavy. The corolla of the flower is light pink. The nicotine content is 1.0-1.5%, the Schmuck number (the ratio of carbohydrates to proteins) is 3.0.

Turkish Trebizond

It got its name from the name of the Turkish city of Trabzon. Resistant to adverse growing conditions. Ripens quickly.
Turkish has long been successfully acclimatized to Russian and Ukrainian conditions. And successful zoning is far from the last thing for growing tobacco. It is possible that due to long-standing cultivation in our humid climate and on rich soil, it reaches incredible sizes for a typical Oriental (up to three meters in height, according to Ushakov), but it is also quite likely that this is a hybrid that successfully combines high productivity of American varieties with the aroma and sweetness of oriental. In any case, it is not worth chasing the size and overfertilizing the Turkish one: due to an excess of nitrogen, it becomes very strong and loses its aroma. But with proper cultivation, the variety has a rich, independent aroma with chocolate notes and an average strength. When smoked, it produces a thick white smoke. Turkish can be used in a pipe and hand-rolled as a mono-tobacco, but it gives the best result in a bag of skeletal American varieties. Easily bile and does not require special fermentation. And although foreign varieties are now gradually replacing Turkish, it still remains very popular among gardeners. Landing scheme according to Ushakov 100x70 cm.

More than 75 species and more than 1000 varieties of the plant of the genus "tobacco" are known, but only two species are cultivated - Nicotiana tabacum (used in the production of cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco) and Nicotiana rustica (for hookah tobacco and cigarette tobacco of low quality, such as shag).

In the world, there are several main varieties of tobacco, from which various mixtures are prepared. The most common variety of tobacco is Virginia, which accounts for about 2/3 of the world's tobacco production. It is a "light" steamed tobacco and is the basis for most cigarette and pipe tobaccos. Also among the "light" tobaccos, but naturally dried, is the Burley variety, which, like Virginia, was first grown in the United States, and is now distributed throughout the world. Burley is prized by pipe drinkers and in pipe blends for absorbing various flavors well and never being bitter.

Tubular tobacco

From a grower's point of view, pipe tobacco falls into two main categories. The first includes English and Scottish tile tobaccos, which are matured in pressed tiles and freed from the sugar that occurs naturally in flue-cured Virginia tobacco and in Turkish and Greek tobaccos. The second category consists of American-style Tobacco, which uses a variety of flavors. Danish and Dutch Cavendishes, which are based on Maryland tobaccos, are aged in pressed bars and then mixed with loose tobacco leaves.

Most pipe tobaccos have 10 to 30 different varieties and subspecies of tobacco, differing in country of origin, year of harvest, position of leaves on the plant, processing method and other characteristics.

Tobaccos are selected for production by experienced professionals, often the blenders themselves. Any mixture includes "basic" varieties that give the product its dominant properties, and "fillers" that modify its taste. When buying a certain brand of tobacco, a pipe smoker should always find the same specific taste. This is very important, since pipe lovers are much more conservative in their addictions than cigarette smokers, besides, pipe wood absorbs the aroma of tobacco and does not immediately “react” when replacing it with another. All tubular mixtures are first produced in small quantities. They undergo tasting and testing, and only after positive feedback from experts are put into production. Before mixing, the tobacco leaves are crushed and moistened, then, if the tobacco is aromatic, the necessary additives are added: sugar, syrups, liquor or rum, cocoa, fruit extracts, vanilla, etc. Repeated grinding gives the product its final appearance. According to the size of the chips, pipe tobaccos are divided into thin (chips 0.4-0.6 mm), medium (about 1 mm), with wide chips (1.5-2.5 mm) and coarse (up to 3.5 mm). It is believed that the thinner the chips, the higher the rate of combustion of tobacco, but this also depends on the style of smoking and the moisture level of the tobacco. English-made Tobaccos tend to have higher moisture levels. In any case, the tobacco should not be too wet or too dry, both of which impede its long-term storage.

Dark tobaccos after grinding are additionally "roasted" at 200-300 ° C to improve the flavor. Some aromatic additives are introduced into the mixture only at the last stage of its preparation.

Most pipe tobacco is sold already ground to make it easier for the smoker to fill the pipe.

Some manufacturers produce compressed tobacco cut into thin slices - flakes - or small granules. Sometimes the leaves are twisted into a long "twine" and then cut into pieces of the right size.

There are other types of chips, more or less uniform, differing in size, color, and external shape.

Coarse chips (shag). In the 19th century, shag was the most coarse cut of tobacco, but nowadays it is a thin cut of Cavendish tobacco.

Flake. Flakes are the most commonly used form of tobacco processing. The tobacco is first pressed tightly and then cut into thin layers.

Sheet shavings (ribbon). The shavings are also known as long shavings. Most Tobaccos in English bags are of this type, since they contain quite a lot of Virginia Tobacco. Such tobacco consists of rather long ribbons and therefore burns beautifully in a pipe.

Granulated tobacco (cube). The main granulated tobaccos are Burley tobaccos. Due to its thickness and high moisture content, tobacco burns much worse than other tobaccos.

In addition to the usual soft packaging, pipe tobacco can be sold in plastic bags or metal cans.

The main varieties of tobacco

Java, Brazil, Kentucky, Cavendish, Black Cavendish, Dark Fired, Sun Cured, Virginia, Burley, Latakia, Perique, Oriental

Java & Brazil

These two rarely used varieties are also called "cigar" tobaccos, and are used as a specific additive in the blend.
Such tobaccos as Maryland, Kentucky, Turkish are also quite rarely used. They are mainly added to give mixtures a special strength and, to a lesser extent, flavor. Although, say, Turkish tobaccos (which, by the way, mostly grow in Greece) have a very pleasant, peculiar aroma.

Kentucky tobacco is primarily grown in the eastern United States, where most of the tobacco is still shipped from. Now it is also produced in Indonesia and South Africa. Its leaves reach a length of 70-80 cm and are always the same color - dark brown. The taste is from medium strength to very strong. This is due to the fact that during cultivation the land is heavily fertilized and the leaves grow thick and contain a large amount of oils. It dries like Burley, after which it is dried like Latakia by “smoking”, but not as intensively. The taste of Kentucky is smoky, very dense and dry.

Cavendish is the only tobacco that is not grown, but produced in factories from other basic tobaccos. It can be produced from Virginia, and from Burley and other air-cured tobaccos. In essence, Cavendish is a mixture of various tobaccos that are pressed, kept warm, and then cut and ground. Perhaps this is the most common type of tobacco, one of the most popular representatives of which is the Amphora variety produced by the Danish company Douwe Egberts Van Nelle.
It is believed that Cavendish got its name in honor of the English sea captain, who delivered rum to America on his ship, and from there, in turn, brought tobacco. And somehow, in order to save space, he decided to put tobacco in rum barrels. Upon arrival in England, the barrels were opened, and it was found that the tobacco soaked with the smell of rum became much better and more aromatic.

Black Cavendish

This is a more aged, more fermented variety of Cavendish, often flavored with various sauces, i.e. additions of essences, fruits, herbs, etc. It is made either by adding a special sauce with simultaneous pressing and heating, or by heating and steaming. In this case, the color of tobacco changes and becomes black, hence the name. The taste of tobacco becomes softer, the strength decreases, sweetness increases. Black Cavendish is the mildest of all base tobaccos. Do not be deceived by the color and think that this is a strong tobacco.

Dark Fired

The oldest method of drying tobacco is over an open fire. With this method, tobacco is simply hung over a fire built on the ground. Tobacco in this case is smoked, saturated with the smell of smoke. Tobacco dried in this way is called Fired.

Sun Cured is a sun-cured tobacco, a technique that is no longer used as much as it used to be.

Virginia tobaccos are the most commonly used tobaccos in the world. The color of these tobaccos is mainly light yellow, and therefore these varieties are called Golden Virginia or light, golden Virginia. There is also a dark variety called Dark Virginia. Light Virginia has a pleasant, delicate taste with a high sugar content, which makes this tobacco extremely popular and almost an integral part of most tobacco blends. However, it is very good and in its purest form. Virginia grows in the USA, Brazil, Africa, India and all of Asia including China. Naturally, the growth conditions in such different regions are very different from each other. Both wine and tobacco in some areas reaches the quality of Premier, while in others it grows almost unusable. A representative of one of the large tobacco companies says that when purchasing tobacco, they look not only at the growth conditions determined by the geography and climatic features of this year, but also demand from the tobacco manufacturer, in the language of butchers, a "cut", that is, the middle part of a tobacco plant, which allows you to determine the ratio between sugar content and the amount of nicotine, which is one of the most important points in determining the taste of tobacco. It is the natural presence of sugar in Virginia leaves that causes tobacco to ferment during storage, that is, it acquires a new, specific taste. In professional language - "tobacco grows up". Due to the high sugar content, the taste of virgin tobaccos is slightly sweet, thin, with aromaticity changing depending on ripeness. In its pure form, some Virginia tobaccos with a high sugar content can give a slight bite, sharpness when smoked. By strength, Virginia tobaccos range from very soft to medium strength. It depends on which part of the plant the leaf is plucked from and on the region in which the tobacco was grown.

Burley is the second of the main base tobaccos. Burley originally comes from Kentucky in the US, which still produces most of it. Other growing areas are Malawi and Mexico.
Burley tobacco, unlike Virginia, has no natural sugar content. This gives them the advantage that they burn superbly. Tobacco leaves have a color from light yellow-green to golden brown, and the smell is very soft, fragrant, slightly chocolate. Burley has a unique ability to "bind" the flavors of different tobaccos and is therefore indispensable in flavored blends. As a rough approximation, Burley tobaccos are more intense in flavor than Virginia tobaccos. Even with equal proportions of these tobaccos in the blend, Burley beats Virginia. And therefore it is very important to achieve the optimal ratio of these two tobaccos in order to make the mixture harmonious. Due to the stronger nature of Burley, it is dried for a month without direct sunlight.
Its taste, unlike the smell, is quite strong, dense and dry. This can be changed by "roasting" tobacco at high temperatures on large copper sheets. At the same time, the finest nuances of aroma come to the fore, the strength decreases, the taste smoothes out and becomes almost nutty. By the way, similar procedures are performed to obtain new taste nuances of coffee.
Unlike Virginia, which grows in high humidity areas, Burley thrives best in low humidity areas. The growth period of both varieties lasts about 23-26 weeks, from a small, barely hatched plant in the greenhouse, to a 2.20 meter plant in the plantation.
The rest of the varieties of tobacco, not Virginia and not Burley, are used as seasonings and spices for these two main ingredients of any mixtures and potions. If we talk about the manual composition of mixtures, then this is a real art. The art of choosing such a ratio of various components that the best features of the raw material will be emphasized, and possible defects will disappear, become invisible.

Latakia, as you can guess from the name, comes from the Syrian city of the same name, from where this tobacco was brought to Europe at one time. Latakia is grown only in the northern part of Syria and Cyprus, and therefore tobacco is expensive. Latakia is dark brown, almost black, and one of those rare tobaccos that can use both the leaves and stems. In essence, Latakia is oriental tobacco, which, after primary drying, is dried, smoked over a fire (Dark Fired), which, in order to give the tobacco its unique aroma, consists mainly of special resinous tree varieties. This gives the tobacco a smoky, characteristic flavor. During the "smoking" color and changes up to black.
The taste of Latakia is not strong, but the strength of the aroma sometimes frightens smokers who mistake the aroma for the strength of tobacco.
Latakia gives tobacco blends a very strong, intense taste. I must say that the taste and smell of latakia are very specific and at first they can scare away a strong "creosote" spirit. But, as a rule, once accustomed to its "fuel oil" aroma, the smoker leaves it among his favorite and even necessary tobaccos.
Our most popular Latakia blends include Dunhill My Mixture 965, Standard Mixture Mild, Peterson Old Dublin.

A rare, and therefore rather expensive, slow-burning, strong-tasting tobacco that grows only in a very small part of Louisiana in the southeastern United States. Perique obtains its strong specific taste during the process of fermentation under pressure, without access to air, without any additives or preservatives from six months to several years, which further gives mixtures with the addition of Perique a wonderful piquant and tangy flavor of prunes or figs, such as in excellent Elizabethan mixture. Perique is produced in fairly small quantities. For example, in 1941 it was produced 500,000 pounds, and in 1999 only 5,000, and, unfortunately, its production continues to fall. Therefore, Perique is one of the most expensive tobaccos.
For strength and aroma, which distinguishes this tobacco from base tobaccos, the top is cut off during cultivation, after which the plant concentrates all its juice and aroma in the remaining leaves. After drying, the middle vein is removed from each leaf, after which the leaves are placed under the press.
Due to the pronounced and slightly "pepper" taste, it is considered that Perique has a high content of nicotine. In fact, 100% pure Perique contains only 2.75% nicotine due to squeezing and removal of juice during pressing, and some other processes, while tobaccos with 1% to 8% nicotine content are considered strong tobaccos.
In its pure form, this tobacco is not smoked. (Although it should be noted that there are still lovers who occasionally smoke it in its pure form. But, firstly, it burns very badly, quickly sintering into a kind of piece of “coke”, and, secondly, it is difficult to make more than a few puffs due to its strong taste).

Oriental tobaccos, both in appearance and in taste and aroma, are very different from the above tobaccos. Their leaves range from very small heart-shaped, 2 cm long, to large arrow-shaped leaves 15 cm long. Color from yellow and green to golden brown. The fortress is usually small, the taste is sweetish with a pronounced aroma. The strong aroma is achieved by growing these tobaccos in dry, "thin" soil in a dry climate, as a result of which a special layer grows on the leaves to prevent drying out. This layer contains natural aromatic oils. Therefore, to obtain good tobacco, you need a combination of sunny, hot summers and not too rainy autumns. After harvesting, the tobacco is strung on a string and hung in long garlands to dry in the open sun.

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Friends, many novice smokers of quality tobacco often do not know the main varieties of tobacco used in tobacco products.
Now we will analyze them in more detail and give the main characteristics.

BESOEKI
A cigar-type tobacco variety, also known as Bezuki, grown mainly in Indonesia. It reaches its best characteristics on the plantations of the island of Java. In cigar production, it is used as a cover sheet.

BRAZILIA
Strong tobacco, also known under the brand name "Flor Fina". Widely used in combination with Java and Kentucky varieties.

BURLEY

It has a low sugar content, so during processing it is sometimes saturated with flavorings based on honey, molasses, vanilla sugars or glucose, fructose. It burns slowly, when smoked, the aroma is characteristic with nutty, caramel and chocolate notes. Most often it is subjected to primary processing by the method of air drying.

CAROLINA
Tobacco from South Carolina. Large-leaved, sweet, slightly sour, characterized by characteristic fruity notes in taste and aroma.

CAVENDISH

Tobacco got its name in honor of the English sea captain, who, in order to save space during transportation, once decided to tamp tobacco in rum barrels. Upon arrival in England, the barrels were opened and found that the pressed tobacco, saturated with the smell of rum, repeatedly heated in the hot tropics and cooled during storms, became much better and more aromatic.
In fact, it is tobacco (or a mixture of tobaccos) subjected to double or multiple fermentation, as a result of which the nicotine content in the leaves is reduced. Freed from some undesirable ingredients, they acquire an exceptionally mild taste and delicate aroma.
A distinction is made between American-style cavendishes, usually based on the air-dried Burley variety, cooked with a large amount of molasses and flavorings and treated with high-pressure steam; Dutch mixtures - cavendish, usually consisting of American, Puerto Rican and Indonesian tobaccos, quickly ripening in special fermentation chambers at carefully controlled temperature, pressure and humidity under the influence of catalytic additives; spicy aged Danish cavendishes made from Virginia and Burley tobaccos and natural cavendishes, most often from Virginia tobaccos, the preparation process of which resembles the processing of Perique tobacco.
During processing, the leaves are repeatedly pressed, shifted, steamed and dried until they lose a significant part of nicotine, proteins and starch. Some manufacturers press at high temperatures. Dark cavendish - Black Cavendish - an integral part of many English, Scottish and Danish tobacco blends.

CIGAR LEAF
Fragrant tobaccos used in blends of French, Swiss and Dutch flavor groups. The most valued tobaccos are from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Nacaragua, Honduras, Ecuador, Sumatra, Java, Jamaica, Mexico, Cameroon, the Philippines, American tobaccos from the states of Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Florida, Ohio and Georgia. In pipe blends, as a rule, they are combined with other cigar varieties of tobacco.

DARK FIRED
The variety is a close relative of Virginia tobacco, but darker, with more sweetness and a stronger aroma. It is sometimes used with additives of aromatic herbs.

DUBEC
Asian small-leaf tobacco. Depending on the microclimate, agricultural technology and processing method, it can produce raw materials of different aromaticity. Grown mainly in Turkey, it is also cultivated in Macedonia, in the Crimea and on the chernozems of the Krasnodar Territory.

HAVANA
A sort of Cuban tobacco with the smell of famous cigars. It is also used for pipe tobacco blends.

IZMIR
Tobacco from Turkey, from the Aegean coast. It has a low nicotine content, a high sugar content and an exceptional aroma. Greek tobaccos of the Izmir type are known as Smirna.

JAVA
Cigarette-type tobacco, not very strong, often used in pipe mixes in combination with Brazilian varieties. Burns evenly. The most important component of the Dutch cavendish.

KENTUCKY
A large-leaved variety, bred in Kentucky, stronger and darker, dried with smoke, with the smell of dried plums. It is so strong that no more than 20% is added to the mixture.

LATAKIA
An Asian tobacco variety grown in Cyprus and Syria (Latakia is a port city in Syria). Plants are low (12-15 centimeters), small-leaved, unlike other varieties, when harvesting, not individual leaves are cut, but the entire plant under the root. Smoke-dried sawdust of hardwoods (most often oak, myrtle and cypress) acquires a dark, almost black color, which gives classic English tobacco blends their characteristic smell.
Syrian latakia is characterized by a richer taste and aroma. Tobaccos of the same variety, depending on the microclimate, agricultural technology and processing method, may differ in properties. The difference between Cypriot and Syrian latakia is also determined by the different composition of sawdust used in the processing of tobacco leaves.

MACEDONIA BRIGHT
A small-leafed light tobacco that adds a sweetish nutty flavor to the blend. Grown in Greece, Bulgaria and the countries of the former Yugoslavia. Pairs well with Latakia tobacco.

Maduro
Dark brown air-dried tobacco leaves subjected to long-term natural fermentation. Most often used as covers for cigars and cigarillos, as well as in combination with other tobaccos as part of pipe mixtures.

MANILA
A type of cigar tobacco grown in the Philippine Islands.

MARYLAND
Tobacco grown in the US state of Maryland. Light, light, air drying. It is considered neutral in taste and smell, thanks to which it has become the basis of many flavored tobacco blends, it burns well.

ORIENTAL
Varieties of tobacco cultivated in the Balkans, in the countries of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean region (English oriental - eastern, Asian). Most often they have oval and arrow-shaped small leaves of yellow-green, olive or light brown color. Traditionally, they undergo primary processing by drying in the sun, in the open air. It has a high content of sugars and essential oils, which gives them a sweetish, but piquant taste and aroma. Depending on the selection and the region, each variety has many variations, among which there are both basic - skeletal (main) tobaccos, and pronounced seasoning tobaccos. In pipe mixtures, compositions from different grades are usually used. Such varieties of tobacco are also grown in Moldova, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Iran.

PERIQUE
This tobacco is grown only in the US state of Louisiana, on wet soils along the banks of the Mississippi. Air-cured and pressure-fermented in the Indian way, this savory, almost black tobacco imparts a distinctive taste and aroma to many well-known blends. It is named after a Frenchman who studied Native American methods of its preparation.

SAMSUN
Tobacco comes from the Black Sea coast (Samsun is a Turkish port city). It is grown almost everywhere in the Balkans, Asia, Ukraine. Small, but very dense and elastic leaves with a high content of sugars are distinguished by a delicate, mild aroma. In Asian (oriental) blends, they are used to harmonize and better combine aromatic components.

SUMATRA
Indonesian large-leaf cigar tobaccos of the highest quality. Often used as wrappers for cigars and cigarillos. The most popular tobaccos are Deli, Langkat and Serdang.

TURKISH
Under this name, aromatic Asian and semi-Asian varieties of tobacco are combined, which are often used in English and Scottish classic tobacco blends. These are sweet, savory, sun-dried tobaccos.

VIRGINIA
A tobacco variety named after the oldest British colony in the Americas. It is also cultivated in other states (Florida, Georgia, both Carolinas), South Africa, Canada, India, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, China. He also conquered Europe.
This large-leaved and sweet variety is the basis of most tobacco blends, although it is also smoked in its pure form, without the introduction of other ingredients. The characteristics of tobacco depend on selection, soil, microclimate, processing method. Most often, primary processing is drying in hot work with hot air. Recently, to speed up the technological process, drying in chambers has been increasingly replaced by steam treatment, but such tobaccos are not used in pipe tobacco blends.
Fragrant aged leaves of virgin varieties with a clean sweet taste with fruity notes - Matured Virginia.
The golden leaves of virgin tobacco varieties dried in a flame tube are called Gold Virginia.
Red Virginia - red speckled leaves of Virginia tobacco, high in natural sugars for which Africa is famous. The basis of many classic tobacco blends.
Stoved Virginia - the leaves of virgin varieties of tobacco, dried in a flame tube and darkened as a result of treatment with high-pressure steam. They have a less pronounced aroma than Matured Virginia, and fresh fruity chocolate notes on the palate.

ZIMBABWEAN ORANGE
Flame-dried Virginia tobacco with a high content of natural sugars and a spicy taste with fruity notes. Burns well.