Opisthorchiasis and its treatment. Opisthorchiasis: what are the symptoms and causes of the disease. Acute opisthorchiasis, its symptoms

Nephropathy of pregnancy is a diffuse kidney disease that develops with late toxicosis. As a rule, women with such a diagnosis require hospitalization. Treatment of the disease includes drug therapy, therapeutic diet and folk remedies.

The reasons for the development of nephropathy in pregnant women are associated with long-term current diseases. The main factors include:

• diabetes;
• taking certain medications;
• exposure to chemicals.

These are the main factors that can disrupt microcirculation and lead to kidney damage. However, the causes of the disease are not fully understood to this day.

Nephropathy of pregnancy may be associated with hormonal changes, which are based on the production of estrogen. An excess of these substances leads to a slowdown in the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system. In late pregnancy, dislocation of the kidneys is observed, that is, their displacement due to an increase in the uterus. Such changes can disrupt the process of urine filtration.

This pathological factor entails the accumulation of sodium salts, which attract water, as a result of which the volume of circulating blood increases. At the same time, the venous bed expands significantly, which as a result leads to increased cardiac pressure and the formation of edema.

Pregnancy nephropathy is closely related to disorders of the central nervous system. To prevent the development of the disease, a woman needs to undergo an EEG of the brain before conception.

According to statistics, nephropathy in pregnant women mainly develops with multiple pregnancies or during the first pregnancy. Women who are overweight and have heart defects are also at risk. The risk of developing the disease increases with previously transferred pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.

Symptoms

Clinical symptoms of nephropathy in pregnant women appear after the 20th week of gestation. Nephropathy of pregnancy is manifested by three main signs: increased heart pressure, the presence of edema and protein in the urine. The first symptom of the disease is cardiac hypertension. At first, a woman has an increased diastolic pressure, but over time, the systolic pressure rises. A sign of the development of nephropathy is considered to be a pressure of 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

Symptoms of the disease are also water retention in the body and the presence of chlorides. In some cases, a woman may experience changes in the fundus, namely vasospasm or minor hemorrhages.

Fluid retention in the body leads to the formation of edema. Women may complain of swelling of the legs, arms, face, and thighs. If you leave such a symptom without attention, then this is fraught with fetal hypoxia. Puffiness during pregnancy is considered acceptable, therefore, in order to independently determine the criticality of edema, it is necessary to press on it with your thumb. If a small indentation remains on the skin, you should immediately contact your doctor.

Nephropathy primarily affects the kidneys. Depending on the degree of the disease, the presence of protein in the urine may vary. A low protein content does not cause much harm to health, but without proper treatment, nephropathy passes into a complex stage, in which the protein increases many times and the volume of urine decreases. The work of the kidneys deteriorates significantly. In this case, there is a risk of developing kidney failure.

The severity of symptoms directly depends on the stage of development of the disease. Nephropathy has three stages. A mild form of pathology occurs with mild symptoms. A pregnant woman may complain of fatigue and weakness. With timely treatment to the doctor, the outcome is favorable.

The second stage is called preeclampsia. In this case, the woman's condition deteriorates sharply. Symptoms become pronounced. Without treatment, nephropathy flows into a more severe form - eclampsia. The third stage is considered critical, and the likelihood of miscarriage is high.

Medical treatment

When the diagnosis is confirmed, the woman is hospitalized. Bed rest is mandatory. Doctors prescribe magnesium sulfate as anticonvulsant and antihypertensive drugs. This tool is the safest during pregnancy and does not pose a threat to the health of the expectant mother and baby. Modern neuroleptics and tranquilizers are not prescribed during pregnancy.

The dosage and course of treatment with magnesium sulfate is determined by the attending physician, depending on the condition of the patient and the stage of the disease.

With increased heart pressure, Dopegyt or Hydralazine is used. These drugs cause a slow decrease in pressure, which helps prevent a decrease in uteroplacental blood flow. In severe forms of the course of nephropathy, treatment can be carried out with the help of Obzidan or Diazoxide.

In addition, doctors prescribe diuretics, such as spironolactone, or saluretics. The patient is prescribed protein drugs, such as Albumin and Plasma, antispasmodics - No-shpa, Platifillin or Papaverine.

Drug therapy is carried out before the birth of the baby. As an additional therapy, physiotherapy is prescribed, namely hirudotherapy and oxygen barotherapy. With the development of complications or ineffectiveness of conservative treatment for nephropathy, doctors perform delivery.

Therapeutic diet

Nephropathy of pregnancy implies adherence to a therapeutic diet. It is aimed at reducing the burden on the kidneys and speeding up the healing process. Due to the diet in pregnant women, there is a decrease in edema and replenishment of the loss of proteins. The effect of a therapeutic diet becomes noticeable already on the third day.

The diet for nephropathy involves the intake of foods with a large amount of protein. In addition, the diet should be rich in lipotropic components, namely polyunsaturated fatty acids, phosphatides and methionines. The therapeutic diet minimizes the intake of fatty foods, provides for the complete rejection of salt. With nephropathy, pregnant women are often advised to eat in small portions.

Porridges are considered useful, especially oatmeal and buckwheat, as well as salads. Wheat bread, lean meats and fish, low-fat broths and dairy products are allowed. As for vegetables, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, pumpkin, beets and green peas must be present in the diet.

The list of allowed foods also includes scrambled eggs, fruits and berries. You can drink mineral water without gas, green or herbal tea, compote and rosehip broth.

Smoked, canned, fatty and fried foods, cheese and ice cream are banned.

A therapeutic diet for a pregnant woman is prescribed on an individual basis, based on the results of the tests.

Folk ways

You can start non-traditional treatment only after agreeing it with your doctor. Medicinal infusions and decoctions help improve metabolic processes, strengthen the immune system and avoid serious complications.

During pregnancy, nephropathy can be treated with lingonberries. They have a beneficial effect on urinary function. To prepare the medicine, you will need to mix the berries with sugar in a 1: 1 ratio. It is best to store the product in a glass jar in the refrigerator. Dilute 1 tbsp. l. medicines in 200 ml of water. Take during the day in small proportions.

Treatment of nephropathy at home can be carried out with the help of herbal collection from nettle, coltsfoot, St. John's wort and yarrow. Mix all herbs in equal proportions. Pour 1-1.5 tbsp. l. collection with a glass of boiling water. The infusion should stand for 20-30 minutes. Take the remedy should be 2 times a day for ½ cup.

Watermelon peel will help relieve swelling. Pour boiling water over the peel and take the resulting remedy as a tea during the day.

The chronic form of nephropathy is treated with bearberry. To prepare the recipe, you need 1 tbsp. l. dry herbs and 200 ml of water. Fill the grass with water and place the container in a water bath. The broth should languish for 5-7 minutes. Cool the finished drink and strain through a sieve or cheesecloth. Take 3 times a day before meals, 2 tbsp. l.

Herbal collection based on licorice, birch leaves and nightshade helps to get rid of the symptoms of nephropathy. Grind 1/3 tbsp. l. each herb and pour a glass of hot water. Take medicine for 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day.

Comfrey, flax seeds and bearberry can speed up the healing process. To prepare a medicinal decoction, pour ¼ cup of the herbal mixture with 200 ml of boiling water. You can drink the drink throughout the day in small portions.

Healing collection can be prepared from nettle, knotweed, wild rose, cinquefoil and lingonberry leaves. Mix 1 tsp. every herb. Pour the herbal mixture with 400 ml of water. Place the container on the stove and bring to a boil. Cool the finished broth and strain. Take ½ cup 4-5 times a day.

Nephropathy during pregnancy can be treated with blackberry root. Pour the crushed root with 500 ml of water. Boil the broth for 20-30 minutes. Take medicine for 1 tbsp. l. three times a day.

Infection with opisthorchs occurs as follows:

• The helminth begins its journey with a mollusk or snail. Eggs enter their body, mature for about a month and a half, then cercariae come out of the eggs.
• Small larvae with a tail leave their shelter, make their way through the scales into the muscle tissue of the fish, and mature there for another 60 days. Worms are covered with a dense shell, becoming metacercariae.
• Opisthorchiasis enters the human body in fish, most often from the carp family. This happens when the fish is raw or undercooked.
• In the process of digestion, the protective film dissolves, releasing the fluke into the body.
• Finding the bile excretory system or the liver, the helminth lays eggs.
• They leave with waste products, fall back into the reservoir.

Not only pets can become the final owners, it can be any mammal. Only a mature metacercariae can gain a foothold in the body. An adult individual has a length of no more than two centimeters, a width of two millimeters. see more, what does opisthorchiasis look like, can be through a microscope.

Forms of the disease

• acute stage,
• chronic course.

Acute opisthorchiasis appears in an infected person for the first time, or if the previous one has been well cured. In turn, the acute stage is divided according to the severity of the course into mild, moderate and severe. It depends on the degree of infection, the state of the immune system and the general history of the person.

Acute opisthorchiasis lasts about two months, then the signs of infection go away, a latent stage begins. It is asymptomatic, but dangerous because after it, opisthorchiasis in adults becomes chronic.

Symptoms of the disease

After the penetration of the fluke into the body, it can take from 5 to 40 days, on average, the first symptom appears on the twenty-first day. But a person may not feel the onset of the disease, accepting weakness and malaise as a result of work or overwork. Further, the body reacts by raising the temperature and sweating.

The main signs of opisthorchiasis in adults:

• aching feeling in the joints,
• temperature increase up to 40 degrees,
• discomfort on the right side of the hypochondrium,
• indigestion, vomiting,
• skin rashes,
• decreased appetite,
• heartburn,
• enlargement of the liver and bile ducts,
• jaundice,
• excessive gas,
• hives.

Those who have treated a cold may confuse the first symptoms with a banal SARS or poisoning. This is a slight increase in body temperature, which a person may not notice. It is variable, appearing from time to time. There is a slight fever.

• irritability,
• insomnia,
• nervousness.

Symptoms of opisthorchiasis in women are additionally manifested by increased pain during menstruation, a violation of the cycle. Symptoms of opisthorchiasis in men do not have special distinguishing features.

Symptoms in the chronic stage

Chronic opisthorchiasis appears with prolonged infection, when helminths with their suckers, spikes and others have caused significant harm to the body. Signs pass and return with renewed vigor. By this time, the gallbladder mucosa is inflamed, the cells die. There are malfunctions in the intestines, gallbladder, motor function of the stomach.

The mucosa of the gallbladder is scarred, as are the ducts. As a result, the ducts narrow, cease to perform their functions in full. In digestion, there are problems with the assimilation of food, as a result, a person quickly loses weight.

Most often, the chronic stage occurs in conjunction with cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder wall), symptoms of hepatitis appear, in particular pain in the right hypochondrium.

Other symptoms of opisthorchiasis in adults:

• Murphy's symptom, Kera - pain during palpation of the gallbladder on inspiration, as a sign of cholecystitis,
• Ortner's symptom - pain when tapping the right costal arch, as a sign of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder,
• severe diarrhea,
• shaking hands, eyes (tremor),
• active fever.

Accession to opisthorchiasis of an additional infection or disease is a common occurrence in the chronic form. If previously there were problems with the stomach, intestines, liver or bile excretory organs, then in the chronic stage of opisthorchiasis they progress very quickly. At the first sign, you need to urgently consult a doctor so that he can immediately diagnose and cure the infection.

Consequences and complications

In itself, the presence of flukes and their offspring is an obstacle to the normal passage of bile, as a result, gallstone disease. In case of its stagnation, an additional infection, inflammation, which spreads throughout the body, may appear. Helminths have suckers, with which it causes damage to all internal tissues.

The infection easily seeps into the wounds from the suckers, the inflammatory process begins. In addition, the outgoing epithelium forms the basal layer. This entails the following complications:

• adenomatous polyps,
• excessive formation of glandular parts,
• cystic enlargement of the bile ducts within the liver,
• development of a malignant tumor from transformed epithelial cells (cancer).

Here are a few more consequences that opisthorchiasis is dangerous for:

• inflammation of the liver, abdominal cavity, angiocholitis,
• formation of pus in the liver and walls of the gallbladder,
• liver failure,
• cirrhosis,
• inflammation of the pancreas, gallbladder,
• allergic bronchitis of the respiratory system,
• ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract, 12 duodenal ulcer,
• erosion on the gastric mucosa,
• heavy sweating,
• violation of the integrity of the bile vessels.

The main danger is that some processes after treatment of opisthorchiasis are irreversible. Even after ridding the body of the fluke, diseases such as pancreatitis, gastritis, and hepatitis remain in a chronic form. The body's immune system suffers greatly. The consequences can be fatal.

Diagnostic methods

If opisthorchiasis is suspected, diagnosis should be quick and accurate. There are several ways to detect worms in the body, the main criterion is the search for adults, eggs, or their traces. Without this, the disease cannot be cured. And here it is important both to identify the form of the disease, and the exact causative agent of opisthorchiasis. Before determining opisthorchiasis, an oral survey is conducted, where the symptoms, details of eating fish, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bresidence are clarified.

It is believed that the disease most often has to be diagnosed in residents of Siberia. Also a reason to think will be a visit to Southeast Asia, Cambodia, India, Thailand. The fewest cases of the disease occur in Europe. Russia is rich in fresh rivers, near which outbreaks of this disease break out.

Diagnosis of opisthorchiasis in adults requires the following tests:

Treatment

Treatment of opisthorchiasis in adults is prescribed at home. The start of treatment in a hospital is required in extreme advanced cases, with the course of the disease in a severe form.

Unfortunately, the answer to the question "is it possible to cure opisthorchiasis forever" is negative. A disease received once makes a person a potential carrier for life. The treatment regimen for opisthorchiasis in adults has three stages.

Sequence of treatment

The preparatory stage is aimed at eliminating the symptoms, alleviating the patient's condition. It can last from a week to three, depending on the degree of the disease, includes the following activities and appointments:

• diet is necessary to unload damaged organs,
• elimination of allergy reactions, prescribe antihistamines that stop the rash and itching (suprastin, tavegil, loratadine),
• the appointment of cholekinetics or choleritis, to facilitate the removal of bile,
• for the treatment of inflammatory processes, broad-spectrum antibiotics are taken,
• sorbents to cleanse the intestines (Polysorb),
• liver protectors,
• painkillers that relieve spasm (no-shpa),
• enzymes to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (Oraza, pancreatin).

The third stage of recovery can take six months, it is aimed at eliminating the consequences, normalizing the work of damaged organs, blood vessels, and is carried out not in a hospital, but on an outpatient basis:

• means that enhance the excretion of bile, it is with it that dead creatures can come out,
• choleretic decoctions of herbs,
• in some cases, a laxative is required,
• vitamin complexes,
• continuing to take enzyme preparations,
• drugs that improve liver function.

Preventive measures

The disease with helminths is one of the most dangerous, but opisthorchiasis is especially harmful to those who have not cured it for the first time. This can provoke an increased negative impact, that is, there will be much more harm than the first time. To save yourself from this terrible disease, prevention of opisthorchiasis is necessary, especially in areas prone to infection.

Prevention of opisthorchiasis consists in the careful handling of freshwater fish:

To understand what opisthorchiasis is in humans, it is necessary to consider the mechanism for the development of pathology.

The causative agent of this type of helminthiasis is a fluke. This microscopic worm, whose length reaches 8 mm, lives in fresh water. In it, it enters in the form of an egg along with human feces. Helminth in an open environment retains its viability for 1.5 years.

For the formation of an intermediate form of opisthorchis, it is necessary that their eggs are swallowed by a mollusk from the genus Candiella. In his body, the helminth transforms and again penetrates into fresh water.

Within about one month, opisthorchis reach puberty and begin to actively lay eggs, which again penetrate into the environment along with feces.

Initial symptoms

Having examined the mechanism of the development of pathology, it becomes clear what symptoms are in opisthorchiasis. Due to the peculiarities of the formation of the disease, its initial stage of formation is characterized mainly by manifestations of an allergic reaction. In particular, women and men have:

• redness of the skin;
• skin itching;
• increased sweating;
• swelling (rare).

Allergic reactions occur as a result of the body's immune response to the waste products of helminths. The latter eventually begin to generate various enzymes. In addition, the human body produces antibodies that provoke the first signs of opisthorchiasis to the decay products of dead helminths.

The disease in question, especially in the initial stages, is often confused with other pathologies due to the similarity of the clinical picture. The first symptoms of opisthorchiasis in men appear as:

1. Elevated temperature, which indicates a cold, infectious and other types of diseases.
2. Adults often experience pain localized in the right hypochondrium or in the stomach. These signs of opisthorchiasis may also indicate cholecystitis.
3. Aches all over the body, weakness.

About a month after infection, the main signs of opisthorchiasis appear. This is evidenced by helminth eggs found during the study of the patient's feces. Only this symptom gives grounds for an accurate diagnosis.

Clinical picture in acute opisthorchiasis

The brightness of the clinical picture in opisthorchiasis directly depends on the state of the human immune system and the number of helminths. The pathology under consideration develops during two stages. The acute form is observed within two months after infection. Chronic opisthorchiasis worries the patient for 10-15 years if the patient does not take any measures to suppress the pathogenic microflora.

The following symptoms indicate the acute form of the disease:

• pain of an acute nature that occurs in the right hypochondrium;
• aches in the limbs;
• increased sweating;
• an increase in the size of the liver or gallbladder caused by a violation of the outflow of bile;
• bouts of nausea and vomiting;
• heartburn;
• flatulence;
• loss of appetite, against the background of which the total mass of a person decreases;
• diarrhea.

Also, opisthorchiasis is accompanied by symptoms characteristic of pulmonary pathologies.

Clinical picture in chronic opisthorchiasis

Often the initial stage of opisthorchiasis is asymptomatic, or the clinical picture is blurred. The chronic form of the disease is characterized by more pronounced manifestations. At this stage of the development of the pathology, the patient has:

• high-intensity pain in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the chest;
• dyskinesia of the gallbladder;
• pain on palpation in the gallbladder area;
• dyspepsia;
• rejection by the body of foods rich in fat.

As opisthorchiasis develops, there is a malfunction in the intestines. In addition, the disease provokes a violation of the central nervous system, which manifests itself in the form of:

• bouts of dizziness;
• headache;
• decrease in working capacity;
• high irritability that occurs against the background of insomnia;
• rapid fatigue;
• hair loss caused by disruption of the digestive tract;
• depressive state;
• tremor of the eyelids, fingers and tongue.

If no measures are taken to restore the central nervous system, then the patient may encounter such pathological processes as neurocircular dystonia or autonomic neurosis.

In the chronic form of opisthorchiasis, symptoms of an allergic reaction also appear. In the future, the disease can lead to the development of pathologies of internal organs.

Opisthorchiasis in children

In children, the symptoms of opisthorchiasis do not differ from the manifestations of the disease that struck an adult. In addition to the above signs, the presence of helminthic invasion occurring at the initial stage in a child is evidenced by the following phenomena:

• increased gas formation;
• the appearance of asthma, which already speaks of a severe form of helminthic invasion.

During the examination of the child, ulcerative processes in the stomach and duodenum are detected, which cause most of the symptoms.

In children with opisthorchiasis, high fatigue is not characteristic of their age: they quickly stop engaging in active activities. At the same time, their sleep is disturbed. Along the way, the child develops an allergy to various foods, including those that have not previously provoked the appearance of complications.

The main feature that opisthorchiasis has in children is that the disease is asymptomatic for quite a long time. In rare cases, babies have an increased body temperature.

Possible Complications

• peritonitis;
• purulent cholecystitis;
• cholelithiasis.

The most common complication of opisthorchiasis is cholangitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder and ducts.

Damage to the pancreas by helminths contributes to the development of:

• cholecystopancreatitis;
• acute pancreatitis;
• cancer.

Due to the fact that the helminthic invasion disrupts the pancreas, the risk of developing diabetes increases.

The most serious consequences caused by fluke infection are observed in the liver. In addition to cancer, helminthic invasion provokes:

• abscess;
• hepatitis;
• cirrhosis.

A cancerous tumor in the liver is formed due to the fact that helminths disrupt the cellular structure, contributing to the mutation of cells and their malignancy.

Opisthorchiasis also has a negative impact on the human immune system. As a result, the body's resistance to the effects of various infectious factors decreases and the risk of infection increases.
The consequences of opisthorchiasis in children are the most severe. In addition to the above complications, the child has:

• anorexia;
• pathological changes in the myocardium;
• allergic hepatitis;
• developmental delay.

When the first signs of opisthorchiasis appear in a pregnant woman, it is necessary to treat the pathology as soon as possible. The disease provokes hypoxia and a delay in the development of the fetus.

Nervousness, sleep and appetite disorders, immune disorders, intestinal dysbacteriosis and stomach pain... All these symptoms are familiar to you firsthand.

Before proceeding to consider whether opisthorchiasis can be cured, one should turn to the symptoms of the disease. It is necessary to do this in view of the fact that the therapy of the disease involves taking drugs that can adversely affect the human body. Accordingly, it is possible to decide whether the pathology needs to be treated only after the first signs of opisthorchiasis appear.

Due to the peculiarities of the life cycle of helminths, two stages of development of opisthorchiasis are distinguished. This approach allows you to more effectively determine how to treat the pathology.

acute form

• bouts of nausea and vomiting;
• pain in the right hypochondrium;
• diarrhea;
• decrease in appetite.

Due to the fact that opisthorchiasis at the initial stage is characterized by symptoms characteristic of many other pathologies, it is not recommended to take any pills without consulting a doctor. Only a specialist, based on diagnostic data, is able to determine how to cure helminthiasis.

Chronic form

The solution to the question of whether opisthorchiasis can be cured forever depends on many factors. Not the last role in this is played when the patient seeks help from a doctor. If the pathology is not treated in a timely manner, then it acquires a chronic form of the course, characterized by the following symptoms:

• yellowness of the skin;
• pain that occurs during palpation of the gallbladder area;
• insomnia, against which there is irritability;
• headaches;
• attacks of pain localized in the right hypochondrium, and more.

Regardless of the form of opisthorchiasis, the clinical picture characteristic of this disease resembles the manifestations of a number of other pathologies.

Diagnostics

If the above symptoms appear, you should contact the clinic. There you can find out which doctor treats opisthorchiasis.

Diagnosis of the disease at the initial stage is difficult due to the fact that helminth eggs appear in the feces only a month after infection. To determine the acute form of the pathology, the collection of information about the patient's condition and an external examination to detect signs of an allergic reaction allow. Additionally, a serological blood test is performed. However, this method is ineffective, as it often gives a false positive result.

To identify helminths in the body in the chronic form of the disease allows the analysis of feces. In addition to it, the doctor may prescribe an x-ray, ultrasound, MRI and a biochemical blood test. Conducting these studies allows you to exclude other diseases and choose an effective treatment.

Treatment

Treatment of opisthorchiasis, as well as the treatment of other helminthiases, involves the implementation of a set of measures aimed at suppressing pathogenic microflora and eliminating the main symptoms. Full recovery of the body takes several months. Treatment of pathology is carried out in three stages.

Preparatory stage

At the first stage, the patient is transferred to a special diet. Also nominated:

• sorbents designed to cleanse the intestines;
• medicines to relieve pain and spasms;
• antihistamines;
• antibacterial medicines, when foci of inflammation were found during the diagnosis.

The preparatory stage takes about 10-20 days. Its duration directly depends on the severity of the damage to the body.

main stage

Recovery stage

As a rule, it is possible to quickly cure opisthorchiasis with drugs if the disease has an acute course. In such cases, desensitizing drugs are prescribed: Azinox, Chloxil and others.

During the first week of rehabilitation, tubeless duodenal sounding is performed daily. In subsequent months, the number of studies is reduced to two per week. A prerequisite for successful recovery of the body is daily defecation.

The first conclusions about how effective the treatment of opisthorchiasis was, can be made 6 months after the start of therapy.

Preparations

In the treatment of opisthorchiasis, the following drugs are mainly used:

With opisthorchiasis, the consumption of the following products is prohibited:

• fresh bakery products;
• fats, including fatty meats;
• meat, mushroom and fish broths;
• pickles, smoked meats, canned food;
• eggs in any form;
• sorrel, green onions, spinach;
• spicy foods;
• cocoa, chocolate, coffee and more.

A complete list of products, as well as the composition of the diet, can be obtained from your doctor. To restore bowel function, it is recommended to eat 5-6 times a day. All products must be either boiled or baked. Recommended to include in your diet:

• low-fat dairy products;
• unleavened cookies;
• weak coffee and tea;
• various cereals;
• jam, honey, sugar;
• various decoctions;
• kissels and more.

It is important for opisthorchiasis to achieve a balance in food. The body with such a disease is in dire need of a regular supply of nutrients.

ethnoscience

The methods offered by traditional medicine can only be used after consulting a doctor and as an addition to the main therapy. Replacing the latter with a variety of decoctions is highly discouraged.

The acute form of the disease can be treated with burdock juice. It is taken 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day at a dosage of 30 ml. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.

To prepare the second remedy you will need:

• 1 cup pumpkin seeds, ground in a meat grinder;
• a tablespoon of honey;
• 2 egg yolks;
• 200 ml of warm water.

After mixing the ingredients, a gruel is obtained, which must be taken in the morning on an empty stomach. Next, you need to draw warm water into a heating pad and apply it to your right side, holding it for several hours.

Medicinal herbs

In the suppression of pathogenic microflora, the following medicinal plants have proven themselves well:

1. St. John's wort. This herb has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. St. John's wort is used to accelerate the regeneration of damaged body tissues.
2. Nettle. Nettle contributes to the normalization of metabolism, improves intestinal tone and accelerates the process of removing bile from the body. In the treatment of opisthorchiasis, plant seeds are used. They must be eaten every day, one teaspoon, be sure to drink water.
3. Celandine. Like nettle, it has choleretic properties. To prepare a medicinal composition, you will need 200 grams of a plant mixed with a small amount of silicon. The resulting composition must be placed in a 3-liter container, add 200 grams of sugar and a spoonful of sour cream. At the end, the mixture is poured with whey and infused for two weeks. The drug is used in 100 ml before meals.
4. Dandelion. Dandelion is a versatile herb used for a variety of liver and gallbladder conditions. It helps to eliminate the symptoms of intoxication of the body. To prepare a medicinal decoction, you need to take a tablespoon of the dried roots and leaves of the plant and pour them with cups of boiling water. The mixture is infused for two hours. It must be drunk throughout the day in small sips.

In the treatment of opisthorchiasis, the main role is played by properly selected medications and compliance with all doctor's prescriptions. In order to prevent the disease, it is recommended to carefully treat water and fish before consumption.

Nervousness, sleep and appetite disorders, immune disorders, intestinal dysbacteriosis and stomach pain... All these symptoms are familiar to you firsthand.

Since childhood, we know how tasty and healthy fish is, boiled, fried, baked in the oven. We are told about phosphorus, iodine and omega-3, but they often forget to say that it is fish that can become a serious cause of a not very pleasant disease called opisthorchiasis.

It happens that patients have been unsuccessfully treated for years by a pulmonologist, an allergist, an oncologist and other specialists.

How can you get infected?

It is known in which fish there is opisthorchiasis - there are a lot of cercariae in fish of the carp family: we are talking about ide, crucian carp, dace, roach, voble, rudd, carp and bream. The probability of infection from pike is extremely small. Sturgeon (sterlet), salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, salmon) and marine fish are safe against opisthorch infection. Further development of cercariae occurs in the muscles and subcutaneous tissue of cyprinids, where they turn into metacercariae.

Infection of humans and animals occurs through the use of infested, poorly processed (raw, lightly salted) fish. In the gastrointestinal tract of the final host, under the action of duodenal juice, the capsule and shells of the larvae dissolve, as a result of which metacercariae migrate into the common bile duct, intrahepatic bile ducts, and also into the pancreatic ducts.

Symptoms of opisthorchiasis

After infection with opisthorchiasis, symptoms in adults may not appear for quite a long time, however, after the onset of helminth activity, it will not be difficult to detect them.

Signs of opisthorchiasis will begin to appear as a result of the reproduction of larvae in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe liver and pancreas, after their detection, diagnosis and treatment should be immediate. Although the symptoms of opisthorchiasis are not life-threatening, remember that treatment in the early stages of the disease is much easier.

Acute phase (or acute opisthorchiasis). It is characterized by the development of a "bright" clinical picture:

• Soreness in muscles and joints.
• Poor appetite, weight loss.
• , the appearance of girdle pain is possible with the localization (location) of the inflammatory process in the pancreas with irradiation (spread) to the left arm and / or the left half of the chest.
• An increase in body temperature (up to 38-40 ° C) with chills, increased sweating, intoxication (poisoning) of the body.
• Allergic reactions - skin itching, (allergic skin rashes that occur when an allergen (a substance that is perceived by the immune system as foreign and causes an allergic reaction) comes into contact with the skin);
  dyspeptic (digestive disorders) disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).

The clinical picture of acute opisthorchiasis is characteristic of many infectious diseases. Therefore, its diagnosis is difficult.

Chronic opisthorchiasis

At this stage, you can detect symptoms characteristic of diseases such as,. In chronic opisthorchiasis, symptoms may be present constantly or occur periodically with alternating periods of exacerbation and remission (no symptoms of the disease).

There is increased sweating, eyelids and tongue. Quite often, neurological symptoms come to the fore, which contributes to misdiagnosis. In addition to the above, the patient may experience allergic manifestations (urticaria, itching, food allergies).

Opisthorchiasis: photo

What opisthorchiasis looks like, in the photo you can see the causative agent of the disease.

Diagnostics

Most often, the algorithm of diagnostic measures is as follows:

1. An anamnesis is collected, during which it is found out whether the patient lived in a place where opisthorchiasis is often diagnosed, and whether there were episodes of eating poorly thermally processed carp fish.
2. In a general blood test, leukocytosis is detected,. A biochemical blood test shows a decrease in the level of total protein in the blood, albumin,.
3. A comprehensive diagnosis is required, which is carried out on 3 specific markers - IgM, IgG, CEC, and they make it possible to accurately diagnose.
4. Signs of the disease during ultrasound diagnostics of opisthorchiasis are diffuse changes in the liver, dilation of the bile ducts and hepatomegaly.

Analysis of feces for opisthorchiasis is recommended to be carried out three times, with an interval of several days. This is due to the fact that it is not always possible to immediately detect the eggs of the pathogen. A more modern diagnostic study used to diagnose opisthorchiasis is the detection of worm DNA using a polymerase chain reaction. The method can be applied to both children and adults.

Treatment of opisthorchiasis

The treatment regimen for opisthorchiasis includes several stages:

1. Preparatory. It lasts from 10 to 20 days, depending on the severity of the course. During this period, drugs are prescribed to improve the condition and relieve general symptoms. These are antispasmodics, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic drugs. Choleretic agents are used to optimize the outflow of bile. Hepatoprotectors stabilize the liver.
2. The second stage is direct deworming. The doctor recommends in each individual case a course of drugs aimed at eliminating helminths from the body. Self-medication in such cases can have negative consequences, so you should strictly adhere to the regimen and course of the necessary drug recommended by the specialist.
3. Third stage (rehabilitation)- designed to restore the violations that occurred in the body as a result of invasion. In addition, it is taken into account that the person was treated with biltricide, which means that there is every reason to use choleretic therapy through various kinds of tubes, taking decoctions of herbs with a choleretic effect and hepatoprotectors. Also, during the entire rehabilitation period, the intestines should be cleansed with enemas or laxatives.

Against the background of drug treatment, it is undesirable to carry out treatment with alternative methods, since the load on the diseased liver is already great. So it is better to wait until the course of praziquantel is over.

Diet

The use of diet number 5 is effective in many cases of gastrointestinal diseases. And the treatment of opisthorchiasis is no exception. During the period of therapeutic treatment of opisthorchiasis, as well as for six months after, therapeutic nutrition for opisthorchiasis will contribute to recovery.

According to this diet, patients with opisthorchiasis are recommended to eat boiled, steamed and baked dishes, that is, those that have undergone gentle heat treatment. Also, you can not eat sweet and muffin, very salty and spicy culinary products.