What is an organism called and how does it differ from other objects in nature? This concept is understood as a living body, which has a combination of various properties. It is they who distinguish the organism from inanimate matter. Translated from Latin, organismus means “I communicate a slender appearance”, “I arrange”. The name itself implies a certain structure of any organism. Biology deals with this scientific category. Living organisms amaze with their diversity. As individuals, they are part of species and populations. In other words, it is a structural unit of a certain standard of living. To understand what is called an organism, one should consider it from different aspects.

General classification

An organism, the definition of which quite fully explains its essence, consists of cells. Specialists distinguish such non-systematic categories of these objects:

Unicellular;

Multicellular.

In a separate group, such an intermediate category between them as colonies of unicellular organisms is distinguished. They are also divided in a general sense into non-nuclear and nuclear. For ease of study, all these objects are divided into numerous groups. Thanks to this division into categories, living organisms (biology grade 6) are summarized in an extensive biological classification system.

The concept of a cell

The definition of the concept of "organism" is inextricably linked with such a category as a cell. It is the basic unit of life. It is the cell that is the real carrier of all the properties of a living organism. In nature, only viruses that are non-cellular form do not have them in their structure. This elementary unit of vital activity and structure of living organisms has the whole set of properties and the mechanism of metabolism. The cell is capable of independent existence, development and self-reproduction.

Many bacteria and protozoa, which are a single-celled organism, and multicellular fungi, plants, animals, consisting of many of these vital activity units, easily fit into the concept of a living organism. Different cells have their own structure. Thus, the composition of prokaryotes includes such organelles as a capsule, plasmalemma, cell wall, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasmid, nucleoid, flagellum, pili. Eukaryotes have the following organelles: nucleus, nuclear envelope, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, vesicles, cell membrane.

The biological definition of "organism" studies a whole section of this science. Cytology deals with the structure and processes of their vital activity. More recently, it has been more commonly referred to as cell biology.

unicellular organisms

The concept of "unicellular organism" implies a non-systemic category of objects, the body of which has only one cell. It includes:

Prokaryotes that do not have a well-formed cell nucleus and other internal organelles with membranes. They lack a nuclear envelope. They have an osmotrophic and autotrophic type of nutrition (photosynthesis and chemosynthesis).

Eukaryotes are cells that contain nuclei.

It is generally accepted that unicellular organisms were the first living objects on our planet. Scientists are sure that the most ancient of them were archaea and bacteria. Protists are also often called unicellular - eukaryotic organisms that are not included in the categories of fungi, plants and animals.

Multicellular organisms

A multicellular organism, the definition of which is closely related to the formation of a single whole, is much more complicated than unicellular objects. This process consists of the differentiation of various structures, which include cells, tissues and organs. The formation of a multicellular organism includes the separation and integration of different functions in ontogenesis (individual) and phylogenesis (historical development).

Multicellular organisms consist of many cells, a significant part of which differ in structure and function. The only exceptions are stem cells (in animals) and cambial cells (in plants).

Multicellularity and coloniality

In biology, there are multicellular organisms and colonies of unicellular organisms. Despite some similarities between these living objects, there are fundamental differences between them:

A multicellular organism is a community of many different cells that have their own structure and special functions. His body is made up of different tissues. Such an organism is characterized by a higher level of cell integration. They are distinguished by their diversity.

Colonies of unicellular organisms consist of identical cells. They are almost impossible to separate into fabrics.

The boundary between coloniality and multicellularity is fuzzy. In nature, there are living organisms, for example, volvox, which in their structure are a colony of unicellular organisms, but at the same time they contain somatic and generative cells that differ from each other. It is believed that the first multicellular organisms appeared on our planet only 2.1 billion years ago.

Differences between organisms and inanimate bodies

The term "living organism" implies the complex chemical composition of such an object. It contains proteins and nucleic acids. This is what distinguishes it from the bodies of inanimate nature. They also differ in the totality of their properties. Despite the fact that bodies of inanimate nature also have a number of physical and chemical properties, the concept of "organism" includes more numerous characteristics. They are much more varied.

To understand what is called an organism, it is necessary to study its properties. So it has the following characteristics:

Metabolism, which includes nutrition (consumption of useful substances), excretion (removal of harmful and unnecessary products), movement (change in the position of the body or its parts in space).

Perception and processing of information, which include irritability and excitability, allowing you to perceive external and internal signals and selectively respond to them.

Heredity, which allows you to transfer your traits to descendants and variability, which is the difference between individuals of the same species.

Development (irreversible changes throughout life), growth (increase in weight and size due to biosynthesis processes), reproduction (reproduction of others similar to themselves).

Classification based on cell structure

Specialists divide all forms of living organisms into 2 kingdoms:

Pre-nuclear (prokaryotes) - evolutionarily primary, the simplest type of cells. It was they who became the first forms of living organisms on Earth.

Nuclear (eukaryotes) derived from prokaryotes. This more advanced cell type has a nucleus. Most living organisms on our planet, including humans, are eukaryotic.

The nuclear kingdom, in turn, is divided into 4 kingdoms:

Protists (paraphyletic group), which are ancestral to all other living organisms;

Plants;

Animals.

Prokaryotes include:

Bacteria, including cyanobacteria (blue-green algae);

The characteristic features of these organisms are:

Lack of a formalized core;

The presence of flagella, vacuoles, plasmids;

The presence of structures in which photosynthesis takes place;

form of reproduction;

Ribosome size.

Despite the fact that all organisms differ in the number of cells and their specialization, all eukaryotes are characterized by a certain similarity in the structure of the cell. They differ in common origin, so this group is a monophyletic taxon of the highest rank. According to scientists, eukaryotic organisms appeared on earth about 2 million years ago. An important role in their appearance was played by symbiogenesis, which is a symbiosis between a cell that has a nucleus and is capable of phagocytosis, and the bacteria absorbed by it. It was they who became the precursors of such important organelles as chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Mesokaryotes

In nature, there are living organisms that are an intermediate link between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are called mesokaryotes. They differ from them in the organization of the genetic apparatus. This group of organisms includes dinoflagellates (dinophyte algae). They have a differentiated nucleus, but the cell structure retains the primitive features that are inherent in the nucleoid. The type of organization of the genetic apparatus of these organisms is considered not only as a transitional, but also as an independent branch of development.

Microorganisms

Microorganisms are called a group of living objects, extremely small in size. They cannot be seen with the naked eye. Most often, their size is less than 0.1 mm. This group includes:

Nuclear-free prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria);

Eukaryotes (protists, fungi).

The vast majority of microorganisms are a single cell. Despite this, there are unicellular organisms in nature that can be easily seen even without a microscope, for example, the giant polykaryon Thiomargarita namibiensis (marine gram-negative bacterium). Microbiology studies the life of such organisms.

transgenic organisms

Recently, such a phrase as a transgenic organism has been increasingly heard. What is it? It is an organism, into the genome of which the gene of another living object is artificially introduced. It is introduced in the form of a genetic construct, which is a DNA sequence. Most often it is a bacterial plasmid. Thanks to such manipulations, scientists obtain living organisms with qualitatively new properties. Their cells produce a gene protein that has been introduced into the genome.

The concept of "human body"
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Like any other living objects, people are studied by the science of biology. The human body is a holistic, historically developed, dynamic system. It has a special structure and development. Moreover, the human body is in constant communication with the environment. Like all living objects on Earth, it has a cellular structure. They form tissues

Epithelial, located on the surface of the body. It forms the skin and lines the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels from the inside. Also, these tissues are present in closed body cavities. There are several types of epithelium: skin, kidney, intestinal, respiratory. The cells that form this tissue are the basis of such modified structures as nails, hair, and tooth enamel.

Muscular, with the properties of contractility and excitability. Thanks to this tissue, motor processes are carried out within the body itself and its movement in space. Muscles are made up of cells that contain microfibrils (contractile fibers). They are divided into smooth and striated muscles.

Connective, which includes bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, as well as blood, lymph, ligaments and tendons. All its varieties have a common mesodermal origin, although each of them has its own functions and structural features.

Nervous, which is formed by special cells - neurons (structural and functional unit) and neuroglia. They differ in their structure. So the neuron consists of a body and 2 processes: branching short dendrites and long axons. Covered with sheaths, they make up nerve fibers. Functionally, neurons are divided into motor (efferent), sensitive (afferent), intercalary. The place of transition from one of them to another is called a synapse. The main properties of this tissue are conductivity and excitability.

What is called the human body in a broader sense? Four types of tissues form organs (part of the body with a certain shape, structure and function) and their systems. How are they formed? Since one organ cannot cope with the performance of some functions, their complexes are formed. What are they? Such a system is a collection of several organs that have a similar structure, development and functions. All of them form the basis of the human body. These include the following systems:

Musculoskeletal (skeleton, muscles);

Digestive (glands and tract);

Respiratory (lungs, airways);

Sense organs (ears, eyes, nose, mouth, vestibular apparatus, skin);

Sexual (female and male genital organs);

Nervous (central, peripheral);

Circulatory (heart, blood vessels);

Endocrine (endocrine glands);

Integumentary (skin);

Urinary (kidneys, excretory tract).

The human body, the definition of which can be represented as a combination of various organs and their systems, has the main (determining) beginning - the genotype. It is the genetic constitution. In other words, it is a set of genes of a living object received from parents. Any kind of microorganisms, plants, animals has a characteristic genotype for it.

The organism is a historically formed integral, ever-changing system, which has its own special structure and difference, capable of exchanging substances with the environment, of growth and reproduction. The organism lives only in certain environmental conditions to which it is adapted.

The body is built from separate private structures - organs, tissues and tissue elements, combined into a single whole.

In the process of evolution of living beings, first non-cellular forms of life arose (protein "moners", viruses, etc.), then cellular forms (unicellular and protozoan multicellular organisms). With further complication of organization, individual parts of organisms began to specialize in the performance of individual functions, thanks to which the organism adapted to the conditions of its existence. In this regard, specialized complexes of these structures began to emerge from non-cellular and cellular structures - tissues, organs, and, finally, complexes of organs - systems.

Reflecting this process of differentiation, the human body contains all these structures in its body. Cells in the human body, like all multicellular animals, exist only as part of tissues.

INTEGRITY OF THE ORGANISM

An organism is a living biological integral system that has the ability to self-reproduce, self-develop and self-govern. The organism is a single whole, and "the highest form of integrity" (K. Marx). The body manifests itself as a whole in various aspects.

The integrity of the body, i.e., its unification (integration), is ensured, firstly: 1) by the structural connection of all parts of the body of cells, tissues, organs, fluids, etc.); 2) the connection of all parts of the body with the help of: a) fluids circulating in its vessels, cavities and spaces (humoral connection, humor - liquid), b) the nervous system, which regulates all body processes (nervous regulation).

The simplest unicellular organisms that do not yet have a nervous system (for example, amoeba) have only one type of connection - humoral. With the advent of the nervous system, two types of communication arise - humoral and nervous, and as the organization of animals becomes more complex and the development of the nervous system, the latter more and more “takes possession of the body” and subjugates all body processes, including humoral ones, as a result of which a single neurohumoral regulation is created. with the leading role of the nervous system.

Thus, the integrity of the body is achieved through the activity of the nervous system, which permeates all the organs and tissues of the body with its branches and which is the material anatomical substrate for the unification (integration) of the body into a single whole along with the humoral connection.

The integrity of the organism consists, secondly, in the unity of the vegetative (vegetative) and animal (animal) processes of the organism.

The integrity of the organism lies, thirdly, in the unity of spirit and body, the unity of the mental and somatic, bodily. Idealism separates the soul from the body, considering it independent and unknowable. Dialectical materialism holds that there is no mind separate from the body. It is a function of a bodily organ - the brain, which is the most highly developed and specially organized matter capable of thinking. Therefore, "it is impossible to separate thinking from the matter that thinks."

Such is the modern understanding of the integrity of the organism, built on the principles of dialectical materialism and its natural science basis - the physiological teachings of IP Pavlov.

The relationship between an organism as a whole and its constituent elements. The whole is a complex system of relationships between elements and processes, which has a special quality that distinguishes it from other systems, a part is an element of the system subordinate to the whole.

An organism as a whole is something more than the sum of its parts (cells, tissues, organs). This "more" is a new quality that has arisen due to the interaction of parts in the process of phylo- and ontogenesis. A special quality of an organism is its ability to exist independently in a given environment. So, a unicellular organism; for example, an amoeba) has the ability to live independently, and a cell that is part of the body (for example, a leukocyte) cannot exist outside the body and, extracted from the blood, dies. Only with artificial

maintaining certain conditions, isolated organs and cells (tissue culture) can exist. But the functions of such isolated cells are not identical to the functions of the cells of the whole organism, since they are excluded from the general exchange with other tissues.

The organism as a whole plays a leading role in relation to its parts, the expression of which is the subordination of the activity of all organs of neurohumoral regulation. Therefore, organs isolated from the body cannot perform the functions that are inherent in them within the framework of the whole organism. This explains the difficulty of organ transplantation. The body as a whole can exist even after the loss of some parts, as evidenced by the surgical practice of surgical removal of individual organs and parts of the body (removal of one kidney or one lung, amputation of limbs, etc.).

The subordination of the part to the whole is not absolute, since the part has relative independence.

Possessing relative independence, a part can influence the whole, as evidenced by changes in the whole organism in case of disease of individual organs.

An organ (organon - a tool) is a historically established system of various tissues (often all four main groups), of which one or more prevail and determine its specific structure and function.

For example, in the heart there is not only striated muscle tissue, but also various types of connective tissue (fibrous, elastic),

elements of the nervous (nerves of the heart), endothelium and smooth muscle fibers (vessels). However, cardiac muscle tissue is predominant, the property of which (contractility) determines the structure and function of the heart as an organ of contraction.

An organ is a holistic formation that has a certain form, structure, function, development and position in the body that is unique to it.

Some organs are built from many formations similar in structure, which in turn consist of various tissues. Each such part of the organ has everything necessary for the implementation of the function characteristic of the organ. For example, the acinus of the lung is a small part of the organ, but it contains epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue in the walls of blood vessels, and nervous tissue (nerve fibers). In the acinus, the main function of the lung is carried out - gas exchange. Such formations are called the structural-functional unit of the organ.

any living body, living being, the real carrier of life, characterized by all its properties; comes from a single germ and is individually subject to evolutionary and environmental influences. This is any bio-inert system, consisting of interconnected elements that function as a single whole (system).

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

ORGANISM

in the narrow sense of biology. an individual, an integral living system, ordered in space and time, capable of maintaining independence. existence thanks to adapt. interaction with the environment; in a broad sense - a system similar to a living one in the way of organization O. Klassich. biology considered O. (and later species) as the center. unit, main "brick" of wildlife. The most important was the problem of the diversity and expediency of O. Both that and the other were studied in Ch. arr. in the morphological and morphophysiological. plan. In this context, O. was understood as a combination of morphological, physiological, and later biochemical, genetic. and other signs, according to the totality of which O. was classified into a set of discrete groups - species. Later, this representation was supplemented by dynamic. picture of O.'s evolution within the species. The study of O.'s changes necessarily raised the question of the relationship between O. and the environment. O.'s dependence on the environment was recognized even by pre-Darwinian biology, while Darwin consciously put this idea at the basis of the theory of evolution. According to this theory, the environment is DOS. O.'s source of changes (mostly non-adaptive). Interaction with the environment, leading to adaptation in the process of nature. selection, is manifested in the "comparison" of newly emerged features with the environment. However, the external environment was then represented not as an ordered whole, but only as a simple sum of factors acting on the environment. With the development of biology, ideas about O. himself and about his relationship with the environment have changed significantly. First of all, in a number of branches of biology, O. itself began to be considered as an integral system, without belonging to one species or another. The idea of ​​integrity arose as natures. response to mechanistic previous trends. period. It became clear that O.'s components are not subject to additive addition (this idea was clearly expressed by Engels in his "Dialectics of Nature" - see K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 20, pp. 528–29 ). However, no real principle has yet been found to express this non-additivity and integrity. Therefore, integrity was explained idealistic. principles (life force, entelechy, etc.). This inability to see dynamic the foundations of a holistic organization was Ch. the reason for the erroneous interpretation by vitalists and holists of such St. O., as stability in a changing environment, the ability to restore. processes and complex behaviors, including thinking. The desire to overcome the errors of both mechanism and holism led (beginning in the second quarter of the 20th century) to a number of attempts to explain those specifics. O.'s sides, to-rye make it an organized, integral system. Among these attempts, the most interesting is the concept associated with the name of the Austrian. biologist L. Bertalanffy (see "General Systems Theory"), who tried to build a theory of biological. organization and emphasizing that any O. is built on internal. the interaction of its constituent "parts" (structures); it also determines those St. Islands O. (stability, regeneration, behavior, etc.), which could not explain the analytical. biology, dismembering O. into separate. components. The idea of ​​integrity was further developed in O.'s concept as an open dynamic. system in equilibrium with the environment. On this basis, there has been a convergence of biology with thermodynamics, attraction to biological. the study of ideas and methods of physics, chemistry, mathematics and cybernetics. O.'s analysis with t. sp. concepts and methods of cybernetics showed that the basis of dynamic. O. organizations are fundamentally the same feedback schemes as in any cybernetic. devices; internal (biochemical, physiological) mechanisms are described affectively with the help of cybernetic. concepts of management and control systems. This approach opened up the fundamental possibility of technical modeling pl. O.'s functions and laid the foundation for a new synthetic. science - bionics. Modern biology has also made various aspects of O.'s interaction with the environment the subject of detailed analysis. The role of external and internal factors in heredity and variability is studied by Ch. arr. genetics. The participation of these and other factors in the "work" of O. is considered by biochemistry, physiology, biocybernetics, and so on. A special place belongs to ecology, which analyzes the specific. aspect of O.'s external relations and the environment. For her, O. acts as an element of more complex natural systems. For example, a tree can also be analyzed as consisting of cells, tissues, chemicals. substances, both as part of the forest and as part of the biosphere. As part of the forest, it interacts with other O. and is an element of the community, i.e. a holistic organization of a higher rank than O.. In turn, the community is an element of a system of an even higher rank - biogeocenosis (or ecosystem). The totality of biogeocenoses forms the biosphere of the Earth. Each of these macrosystems is characterized by a specific for her inside connections. For example, within the framework of communities, this is the so-called. trophic circuits (power circuits); the lower O. are united by metabolic, interorganismic connections; in communities of higher animals, "predator-prey" connections and sensory communication systems are developed. Within the biogeocenosis O. included in the general biological circulation of matter and energy. Thus, modern ecology indicates O.'s workplace as an individual in the system of functional connections of living nature. The successes achieved by biology at the suborganismal and supraorganismal levels of the study of life have led to the fact that, along with the concept of O., a number of concepts similar in meaning have appeared, reflecting, respectively, the suborganismal and supraorganismal levels in the biological hierarchy. individuals. Under such conditions, biology faced an alternative: either to expand the concept of O., including both macromolecular individuals and O. communities, or to accept that O. is only one of the stages, levels of biological development. individuality. Practice has shown that the adoption of the first t. sp. inevitably leads to the denial of scientific. the reality of such concepts as community, biogeocenosis, etc. Attempts to include in the concept of O. the conditions of its existence (undertaken, in particular, by Lysenko) do not allow us to identify the specifics of each of the levels of biological. organizations. The overwhelming majority of biologists have taken the path of abandoning the "organismocentrism" characteristic of classical biology. period. From philos. and methodological. t. sp. the collapse of "organismocentrism" significantly expands the whole picture of living nature, raises the question of identifying the specifics of each of the levels of organization of living matter, and requires a new formulation of the problem of the evolution of life (see Evolutionary theory in biology). In a broader sense, the concept of O. in the science of the past was used by Ch. arr. philosophers and sociologists as a kind of standard level of organization and organic. the unity of the parts that make up the whole. Thus, Hegel opposed O. to mechanism and chemism. From Plato to Spencer, there were numerous attempts to consider the state and other social formations as organismic, i.e. made up of complementary organs. But only the creation of the concept of socio-economic formation summed up the scientific. the basis for the "organismic" approach to the analysis of society, i.e. under the identification of the structure of society as a complex system in its integrity and in the diversity of its real connections. In modern scientific research, especially in the field of theory. and tech. cybernetics, the concept of O. is used as an analogue of the corresponding. biological concepts. Its widespread use is associated with two fundamentals. classes of tasks - the design of arts, systems built on the principle of O., and the study of the specifics of the functioning and development of complex objects, each of which forms an organic whole. The first case is theoretical. and tech. modeling of certain functions of natural O., i.e. construction of arts, analogues (ch. arr. partial) O. In the second case, the concept of O. is used in the sense of organic. whole having immanent functioning and development. This use of the concept of O. relies not only and not so much on the biological. analogy, how much in modern. ideas about functionality. description and dismemberment of the object, about the types of relations of the object, about specific. mechanisms that ensure the life of complex objects. Lit.: Schmalhausen II, O., as a whole in the individual and historical. development, M.–L., 1942; his own, Factors of Evolution, M.–L., 1946; Sukachev V.N., Fundamentals of the theory of biogeocenology, in the book: Anniversary collection dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the Great? socialists, revolutions, part 2, M., 1947; Zavadovsky M. M., Dynamics of development O., [M.], 1931; Odum?. P., Fundamentals of ecology, Phil.–L., 1954; Bertalanffy L., Problems of life, N. Y., 1960. K. Khailov. Sevastopol.

organism

organism

noun, m., use comp. often

Morphology: (no) what? organism, what? organism, (see) what? organism, how? organism, about what? about the body; pl. what? organisms, (no) what? organisms, what? organisms, (see) what? organisms, how? organisms, about what? about organisms

1. organism- this is a living body of a person, animal or living plant as a whole, in which various organs function in concert and life support systems work.

The simplest organism. | Animal, plant, biological organism. | The body of a lizard. | In a situation of stress, the body gets out of control: the head is spinning, the hands are shaking, the body is covered with sweat.

2. organism called the totality of the physical and mental properties of a person.

Healthy, strong, hardy, strong, heroic body. | Weak, fragile body. | Reduce stress on the body. | Train, strengthen, temper the body. | The body loses strength. | Tea excites the body. | By the beginning of the next working day, the body should fully recover. | The medicine helped the body to quickly cope with the disease.

3. organism they call any community of people, a work organized into a single whole, with all its internal connections and parts performing certain functions.

Public, social organism. | state organism. | production body. | The living organism of the poem. | The whole country is a single organism. | Language is a living organism that develops according to its own laws.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Dmitriev. D.V. Dmitriev. 2003 .

See what "organism" is in other dictionaries:

- (Late Lat. organismus from Late Lat. organizo I arrange, I give a slender appearance, from other Greek ὄργανον a tool) a living body that has a set of properties that distinguish it from inanimate matter. As a separate individual organism ... ... Wikipedia

- (new lat., from organum organ). A whole whose parts are inextricably linked; every living being that possesses organs for the maintenance and development of life in itself. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ORGANISM ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

ORGANISM- ORGANISM, a set of interacting organs that form an animal or plant. The very word O. comes from the Greek organon, that is, a work, a tool. For the first time, apparently, Aristotle called living beings organisms, because according to him ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

- (from late Latin organizmo - I arrange, I report a slender appearance) a living being; covering a vast sphere of independent material unity, which in its structure is subject primarily to physical and chemical laws. In addition, the body as ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

ORGANISM, organism, husband. (from Greek organon tool) (book). 1. A living body that exists independently and consists of coordinated complex parts, organs. Animal organism. plant organism. 2. The totality of individual ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Cm … Synonym dictionary

- (from lat. organismus), in a broad sense, a biologically integral system consisting of interdependent and subordinate elements, the relationships and structural features of which are determined by their functioning as a whole; in a narrow sense, the body ... Ecological dictionary

organism- a, m. organisme m. 1. Every living being, a living body with its coordinated organs. ALS 1. An organ is an essential part of an organic, slender body or organism. 1840. Greek Readings 1 10. || Physical or... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

organism- 1. A living organism is a living body, a living being (plant, animal, person). 2. The totality of the spiritual and physical properties of a person. 3. Complex organized unity. The words … Great Psychological Encyclopedia

- (French organisme, from cf. Lat. Organizo I arrange, I give a slender appearance), in the broadest, most general sense, living O. any biol. or a bio-inert holistic system, consisting of interdependent and subordinate elements, relationships to loose and ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

A living being, a real carrier of life, characterized by all its properties. The body comes from a single germ. Individually subject to evolutionary and environmental impacts Glossary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

Books

• Organism and stress: stress of life and stress of death, Kitaev-Smyk Leonid Aleksandrovich. The study guide presents the results of research on emotional and bodily stress, conducted by the author over the years. Changes in emotions and behavior of different people are analyzed ...

What is an Organism? The meaning and interpretation of the word organism, the definition of the term

1) Organism- - any living body, a living being, a real carrier of life, characterized by all its properties; comes from a single germ and is individually subject to evolutionary and environmental influences. This is any bio-inert system, consisting of interconnected elements that function as a single whole (system).

2) Organism- (from late Latin organizmo - I arrange, I report a slender appearance) - a living being; covering a vast sphere of independent material unity, which in its structure is subject primarily to physical and chemical laws. In addition, the body as a unity of many organs is a certain form of life. The organism is connected with the organic world: since it was created by another being, it is connected with the past, and since it itself creates another being, it enters into the future. It is connected with the inorganic world through metabolism. In view of the fact that the organism is a vivid example of a dynamically ordered (see Order) whole, spiritual, historical, political and metaphysical formations are also often called organisms in a figurative sense. Consequently, the concept of an organism is applied in relation to peoples and cultures, to the structure of life (state, law, economy, society), to language, art, philosophy, i.e. in relation to all reality, and not just the material-spatial world. And wherever one encounters a holistic, final, indecomposable unity, the analogy with the organism quite often turns out to be fruitful. Organic - animated, forming an organism or related to it, characteristic of an organism. Organic nature is the world of living beings or organisms. When dealing with the consideration of the whole world as a whole in the light of the laws inherent in organisms, one speaks of an "organic" worldview.

organism

Every living body, living being, the real carrier of life, characterized by all its properties; comes from a single germ and is individually subject to evolutionary and environmental influences. This is any bio-inert system, consisting of interconnected elements that function as a single whole (system).

(from late Latin organizmo - I arrange, I report a slender appearance) - a living being; covering a vast sphere of independent material unity, which in its structure is subject primarily to physical and chemical laws. In addition, the body as a unity of many organs is a certain form of life. The organism is connected with the organic world: since it was created by another being, it is connected with the past, and since it itself creates another being, it enters into the future. It is connected with the inorganic world through metabolism. In view of the fact that the organism is a vivid example of a dynamically ordered (see Order) whole, spiritual, historical, political and metaphysical formations are also often called organisms in a figurative sense. Consequently, the concept of an organism is applied in relation to peoples and cultures, to the structure of life (state, law, economy, society), to language, art, philosophy, i.e. in relation to all reality, and not just the material-spatial world. And wherever one encounters a holistic, final, indecomposable unity, the analogy with the organism quite often turns out to be fruitful. Organic - animated, forming an organism or related to it, characteristic of an organism. Organic nature is the world of living beings or organisms. When dealing with the consideration of the whole world as a whole in the light of the laws inherent in organisms, one speaks of an "organic" worldview.

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