Phrases for an essay on social studies. Essay on social studies exam structure of a phrase-cliché typical mistakes. Sample essay plan

Each graduate who is interested in preparing for the Unified State Examination in social studies will face the task of writing an essay. From several proposed quotes, the student must choose one thesis and write an essay. In 2018, there will be some changes to this final mission. Now you can get a maximum of 6 primary points for a correctly completed essay (until 2018, the maximum you could score 5 primary points). The word “problem” (which is raised by the author) has been replaced by the word “idea”. But this is completely unprincipled. The main thing is that the value of the essay has increased, which means that you need to double your efforts in order to get the maximum score.

So, the value of the mini-essay has increased, so you need to seriously approach the most significant task of the exam. To begin with, you should study the criteria for evaluating an essay in social studies in 2018.

1. The main criterion: disclosure of the meaning of the statement. It is necessary to correctly define the idea put forward by the author, and (or) put forward a thesis on the topic, which will be substantiated with the help of arguments. If there are 0 points for this item, the whole work is not counted.
2. Lack of theoretical justification for their point of view. It is necessary to explain the meaning of the concepts given in the quote, using theory (definitions and provisions from textbooks), reasoning (causal justification for what you think about this) and conclusions (your opinion, supported by arguments). If there is no theoretical content, it will be 0.
3. New criterion! Factual error: if (from the point of view of the science of "social science") you gave an erroneous position, made an incorrect conclusion, illogical reasoning, confused the term, etc., then you face 0.
4. Thematic incompatibility of an example or fact with a topic, conclusion and reasoning. Only those arguments that correspond to the stated topic will be counted. Incorrectly displayed and incomplete statements will also not be counted. For this item, you can get as many as 2 points if both examples are suitable. Facts must be formulated in detail and accurately, because a mistake can cost you points. Examples can be given from personal experience, other subjects (fiction, history, geography), media (from magazines, newspapers, television and radio programs).

Essay plan

In order to write an essay for the maximum score according to the above criteria, first of all, you must strictly follow the format or structure of the essay. So, the essay plan for the exam in social studies is as follows:

• Designation of the problem and its interpretation.
• Agree or disagree with the position of the author (explain why)
• Argumentation of one's own position.
• Conclusion

We will discuss each of these points in detail in the next paragraph.

Structure and writing algorithm

Problem designation

When designating a problem, the graduate should, first of all, comprehend the thesis proposed by the author and highlight some problem (idea) in it. Most often, quotes include many problems and their interpretations. It is better for the student to dwell on one and consider it in detail, following the points of the essay structure. It is possible to single out several problems (ideas) contained in the thesis and disclose them, but, in my opinion, the time frame of the exam will not allow to thoroughly reveal several ideas at once and bring arguments to them. You can identify the problem with the help of cliché phrases, for example, these:

• In his statement, the author wanted to draw attention to the problem associated with ...;
• The main idea formulated by the author of the quote ..., I see ...;

It is important that the words “problem” and (or) “idea” sound in the essay, otherwise 0 points can be given for their absence. In the process of explaining the problem raised by the author, it is necessary to use social science terms and give them definitions; include material that was included in the school curriculum of the course.

Your opinion

In the second paragraph, you should write about agreement or disagreement with the author about the problem. One phrase “agree” or “disagree” is not enough. Here it is important to write the reason on which you rely. This reason may generalize the arguments given below. The clichés are obvious:

• “I completely agree/disagree with the opinion of the author…”
• "It's hard not to agree with the opinion of the author...".

In this paragraph, you can also include a theory from the course of social studies. With its help, you will competently and reasonably explain why you adhere to the voiced opinion. Please note that it is easier to agree than to prove otherwise, so if you are not sure of yourself, do not run into ideological polemics with invisible examiners, but do your job impartially and detachedly. It is not at all necessary to express your real views on certain issues.

Arguments

The next paragraph is the most difficult and voluminous part of the essay. Making good arguments is often difficult. It is necessary to give at least 2 arguments that CLEARLY illustrate this problem. The main thing at this point is specificity. Examples containing "a lot of water" will be scored 0 points. Your arguments can be examples from fiction and scientific literature (history, chemistry, biology and other disciplines), biographies of great people, situations from films, TV shows, from life and personal experience. It is important to consider that these statements should be from different sources, for example, from personal experience and fiction. For examples taken from one area, the maximum score cannot be obtained. Let's say that even if both arguments taken from the books perfectly illustrate the problem, you won't be able to get the maximum score. Each argument should have a separate paragraph. Cliche phrases:

• “To confirm my point of view, I will give the following argument ...”
• “An argument capable of confirming my point of view is ...”

Conclusion

The last point is the conclusion. The conclusion is a generalization of the reflections given above. This part is no different from the one that has to be written in essays on the Russian language and literature. Cliche phrases:

• “Thus, we can conclude that…”,
• “Summing up the general line, I would like to note that…”

It will be enough to write 2-3 sentences in the output.

Essay example

Especially for you we wrote . If you are interested in a specific topic on which you find it difficult to write an essay, write to us at

An essay on the exam in social studies is considered one of the most difficult tasks when passing the exam. According to statistics, only every sixth graduate copes with it. For completing the task, you can score from 3 to 5 points. In order not to lose them, it is extremely important to carefully prepare for the written part of the exam. Let's look at some examples of typical mistakes when performing this task.

Verification Criteria

An essay on the exam in social science is written according to one of the selected statements. The assignment contains six quotations. Ready essays in social studies are evaluated in stages. The first and most important criterion is K1. The disclosure of the meaning of the selected statement is evaluated. If the graduate did not identify the problem posed by the author, the inspector puts zero points according to the K1 criterion. Ready essays on social studies in such cases are not further evaluated. For the rest of the criteria, the examiner automatically puts zero points.

Social Studies Essay Structure

The task is performed according to the following scheme:

1. Quote.
2. Definition of the problem raised by the author, its relevance.
3. Meaning of the selected statement.
4. Expressing one's own point of view.
5. Using arguments at the theoretical level.
6. Bringing at least two examples from social practice, literature / history, which confirm the correctness of the judgments made.
7. Conclusion.

Quote selection

When determining the topic on which the essay on the Unified State Examination in social studies will be performed, the graduate must be sure that he:

1. Owns the basic concepts of the subject.
2. Clearly understands the meaning of the quotation used.
3. Can express his opinion (partially or completely agree with the chosen statement, refute it).
4. He knows the social science terms that are necessary for a competent justification of his own position at the level of theory. Here it is necessary to take into account that the chosen concepts should not go beyond the scope of the topic for an essay on social science. You must use the appropriate terms.
5. Can support own opinion with practical examples from social life or literature/history.

Problem Definition

Examples should be given here. An essay in social studies (USE) can reveal problems from the areas of:

• Philosophy.
• Families.
• Sociology.
• Political Science.
• jurisprudence.
• Economics and so on.

Problems in the philosophical aspect:

• Relationship between consciousness and matter.
• Development and movement as ways of existence.
• Infinity of the cognitive process.
• The relationship between nature and society.
• Theoretical and empirical levels of scientific knowledge.
• Spiritual and material aspects of social life, their correlation.
• Culture as a transformative activity of people in general.
• Essence of civilization and so on.

Social Studies Essay: Sociology

When writing, you can uncover the following problems:

• Social struggle and inequality.
• The ratio of subjective and objective factors influencing the processes in people's lives.
• The value of material and spiritual values.
• Preservation of stability in public life.
• Features of the city.
• Youth as a community.
• The social nature of thinking, knowledge, people's activities.
• The interaction of society and religion.
• Features of the socialization of young generations.
• Historically developed inequality of men and women.
• organizations.
• and so on.

Psychology

As part of writing an essay on social science, a person can act as a key object of study. In this case, problems such as:

• Interpersonal communication, essence and tasks to be solved.
• Psychological climate in the team.
• The relationship between an individual and a separate group.
• Norms, roles, personality status.
• national identity.
• The value of the communication process.
• The essence of social conflict.
• Inconsistency between the claims and capabilities of the individual.
• Sources of social progress.
• A family.

An essay on social science may also touch on the specific functions of the science in question.

Political science

Within the framework of this topic for an essay on social studies, problems can be revealed:

• authoritarian regime.
• The subjects of politics.
• Places and roles of the state in the system.
• Modern political interactions.
• totalitarian regime.
• Correlation between politics, law and the sphere of economy.
• The origin of the state.
• The political regime (through the disclosure of its concepts and features).
• state sovereignty.
• Civil society (through the disclosure of the structure, features, concepts).
• Party systems.
• Socio-political movements, pressure groups.
• Essences of a democratic regime.
• Mutual responsibility of the individual and the state.
• political pluralism.
• Separation of power as a principle of the rule of law.
• and so on.

economic system

Another common science in which problems can be revealed in an essay on social studies is economics. In this case, questions such as:

• The contradiction between the limitlessness of human needs and the limited resources.
• Production factors and their significance.
• Capital as an economic resource.
• The essence and functions of the monetary system.
• Efficiency in the use of existing resources.
• The meaning of the division of labor.
• The role of trade in the development of society.
• Efficiency and incentives for production.
• The essence of market relations.
• State regulation of the economy and so on.

Legal discipline

Within the framework of science, a number of key problems can be identified and any of them can be revealed in an essay on social science:

• Law as a regulator of people's lives.
• The essence and specific features of the state.
• The social significance of law.
• The political system and the definition of the role of the state in it.
• Similarities and differences of morality and law.
• Social state: concept and features.
• Legal nihilism and methods of its overcoming.
• Civil society and the state.
• The concept, signs and composition of offenses, classification.
• Legal culture and so on.

cliché phrases

In addition to revealing the problem, the structure of an essay on social science suggests an indication of its relevance in the modern world. To effectively implement this task, you can introduce cliché phrases into your text: "Given under conditions ...

• globalization of relations in society;
• the controversial nature of inventions and scientific discoveries;
• exacerbation of global problems;
• formation of a single economic, educational, information field;
• rigid differentiation in society;
• dialogue of cultures;
• modern market;
• the need to preserve traditional cultural values, the nation's own identity".

Important point

In an essay on the Unified State Examination in social science, as, indeed, in written assignments in other subjects, one should periodically return to the problem raised. This is necessary for its most complete disclosure. In addition, periodic mention of the problem will allow you to stay within the topic, prevent reasoning and the use of terms that are not related to the selected statement. The latter, in particular, is one of the common mistakes graduates make.

The basic idea

In this part of the essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, the essence of the statement should be revealed. However, it should not be repeated verbatim. You can also use cliché phrases here:

• "The author is convinced that..."
• "The meaning of this statement is…"
• The author focuses on...

Determining your own position

In an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, one can agree with the author's opinion in part or in full. In the first case, it is necessary to reasonably refute the part with which the opinion contradicted. Also, the writer can completely deny the statement, argue with the author. You can also use cliches here:

• "I agree with the author's opinion that..."
• "In part, I adhere to the expressed point of view about ..., but I can not agree with ... ".
• the author clearly reflected the picture of modern society (the situation in Russia, one of the problems in the modern world) ... "
• "I beg to disagree with the position of the author that ..."

Arguments

An essay on the Unified State Examination in social science should contain a rationale for the expressed opinion of the writer. In this part, it is necessary to recall the key terms related to the problem, theoretical provisions. Argumentation should be carried out on two levels:

1. Theoretical. In this case, social science knowledge (opinions of thinkers / scientists, definitions, concepts, directions of concepts, terms, relationships, etc.) will act as the basis.
2. empirical. Two options are allowed here: use events from your life or examples from literature, social life, history.

In the process of selecting facts that will serve as an argument for one's own position, it is necessary to answer the following questions:

1. Do examples support the opinion expressed?
2. Do they agree with the stated thesis?
3. Can they be interpreted in another way?
4. Are the facts convincing?

Following this scheme, you can control the adequacy of the examples and prevent deviation from the topic.

Conclusion

He must complete the essay. The conclusion summarizes the main ideas, sums up the reasoning, confirms the correctness or incorrectness of the statement. He should not literally convey the quote that has become the subject of the essay. When formulating, you can use the following clichés:

• "Summarizing, I would like to note…"
• “Thus, we can conclude that…”

Decor

We should not forget that an essay is a small essay. It must have a semantic unity. In this regard, a coherent text should be formed, logical transitions should be used. Also, do not forget about the correct spelling of terms. It is advisable to break the text into paragraphs, each of which reflects a separate thought. You must follow the red line.

additional information

Essays can include:

• Brief information about the author of the quote. For example, information that he is "an outstanding Russian scientist", "a famous French enlightener", "the founder of an idealistic concept", and so on.
• An indication of alternative ways to solve the problem.
• Description of different opinions or approaches to the issue.
• An indication of the ambiguity of concepts and terms that are used in the text with the rationale for the meaning in which they were applied.

Job Requirements

Among the variety of existing approaches to writing technology, there are a number of conditions that must be met:

1. Adequate understanding of the meaning of the statement and the problem.
2. Relevance of the text to the question raised.
3. Identification and disclosure of key aspects pointed out by the author of the statement.
4. A clear definiteness of one's own opinion, attitude to the problem, to the position expressed in the quote.
5. Correspondence of disclosure of aspects to the given scientific context.
6. The theoretical level of substantiation of one's own opinion.
7. The presence of meaningful facts of personal experience, social behavior, social life.
8. Logic in reasoning.
9. Absence of terminological, ethnic, factual and other errors.
10. Compliance with the norms of the language and the requirements of the genre.

Any rigid framework for the volume of the essay is not set. It depends on the complexity of the topic, the nature of thinking, experience, and the level of preparation of the graduate.

Problem Statement Mistakes

The most common bugs are:

1. Misunderstanding and inability to highlight the problem in the statement. On the one hand, this is due to an insufficient amount of knowledge in the discipline to which the statement belongs, and on the other hand, to an attempt to fit the previously reviewed, written or read works to the identified issue.
2. Failure to articulate the problem. This error is associated, as a rule, with a small vocabulary and terminology in the basic sciences.
3. Inability to formulate the essence of the quote. It is explained by a misunderstanding or misunderstanding of the content of the statement and the lack of the necessary social science knowledge.
4. Replacing the problem with the position of the author. This error occurs due to the fact that the graduate does not see and does not understand the difference between them. The problem in the essay is the topic on which the author argues. It is always voluminous and extensive. Different opinions can be expressed on it, often completely opposite. The meaning of the statement is the personal position of the author on the problem. The quote is just one of many opinions.

Shortcomings in defining and justifying one's position

The absence of arguments confirming the position of the graduate indicates ignorance or ignorance of the requirements for the structure of the essay. Common mistakes in the use of concepts are unjustified narrowing or expansion of the meaning of the term, substitution of some definitions for others. Incorrect work with information indicates the inability to analyze experience. Often the examples that are given in the text are weakly related to the problem. The lack of critical perception of information received from the Internet, the media leads to the use of unverified and unreliable facts as justifications. Another common mistake is the one-sided view of certain social phenomena, indicating the inability to identify and formulate cause-and-effect relationships.

Every year, FIPI reforms the demo version of the Unified State Examination in social studies. This time, the requirements and the essay evaluation system have changed somewhat (tasks 29). I propose to understand the innovations!

Changes in social science essay 2018

Here's what the assignment looked like in 2017.

What has changed in the text of the task?

Let's figure it out.

1. The form is a mini-essay, unchanged.
2. The word problem (which the author of the quote raises) has been replaced with an idea. It is fundamentally? I don't think so in any case it those thoughts that arise when comprehending the author's quote!
3. The requirement to write several ideas is more clearly formulated (in 2017 - if necessary ...).
4. They are also asked to rely on facts and examples from public life and personal social experience, examples from other academic subjects.
5. Also rated two examples from various sources.
6. The requirement is more rigidly formulated expanded example and its explicit connection with the idea.

That is, in essence, volume requirement changes (examples need to be expanded, ideas need to be seen a few!) and let's just say that the essay is really moving away from the genre of a light and transparent essay, when it is not necessary to meticulously write out an example, it is enough to voice the idea. To a cumbersome essay, where all thoughts are heavy, extremely understandable and voiced. Probably, next year we will come to the regulations for the number of words, as in other subjects, unfortunately

How are essays reviewed?

First of all, the number of criteria has changed. They became 4 instead of the previous three.

Criteria for checking assignment 29 essays at the Unified State Examination 2017

Recall that in general, for a mini-essay, one could get 5 points (1-2-2). now this 6 the value of the essay continues to increase, learning how to write it is a must to get the most important USE scores!

Let's look at the new changed criteria!

Essentially, he has not changed, this is also the disclosure of the meaning of the author's quote. And also, for non-disclosure, you will receive 0 not only for this criterion, but for the entire essay.

So, you need to find in the quote an idea (? problem?) related to the course and highlight the thesis (your complete thought on this statement), which you will further substantiate with information from the course and examples from social practice.

I don't see anything new, to be honest. Instead of the meaning of the author's quote, you write ...

The same in essence, criterion 2. Theoretical substantiation of the idea (problem) from the standpoint of scientific social science. terms, concepts, theories, conclusions of science on a given idea

So, let's break it down new criteria...

"The defense of law is the defense of the greatest social value."

(P.A. Sorokin)

Criterion 1. Here plays on its disclosure:

The author addresses the issue protection of the law, especially relevant in modern society.
In his opinion protection of the law is very important for society.
I cannot but agree with the opinion of the author, because law plays an important role in the life of any state, society and every person.

And also get expert verification from us in our group

In this article, you will learn how to write an essay on social studies. Examples are attached.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that in order to learn how to write an essay on social studies, it takes quite a long time. It is impossible to write an essay without preliminary preparation, which would be rated by experts for a high score. Sustainable skills, good results appear after 2-3 months of work (about 15-20 written essays). It is systematic studies, purposefulness that bring high performance. You need to hone your skills in practice with the direct help and careful supervision of a teacher.

Video - how to write an essay on social studies

If you have not yet encountered writing an essay, watch the video.

Unlike an essay on literature or the Russian language, where the minimum amount of work is clearly stipulated and general reflection (“philosophizing” without specification is allowed), in an essay on social science the volume is not limited, but its structure and content are fundamentally different. An essay on social science is actually the answer to the question: “Do I agree with this statement and why?”. That is why a strict argumentation, scientific character and concretization must be present in an essay on social science. At the same time, it should be noted that very paradoxical, unusual statements are often used as the topic of an essay, requiring figurative thinking, a non-standard approach to revealing the problem. This inevitably leaves its mark on the style of the essay, requires maximum concentration of effort and attention.

I would also like to add that the exam essays are evaluated by specific people. In order for an expert who checks from 50 to 80 works a day to mark an essay as worthy of attention, this essay must not only meet all the requirements below, but also be distinguished by a certain originality, originality and originality - this is implied by the essay genre itself. Therefore, it is necessary not only to present scientific and factual material on the topic, but also to pleasantly surprise with the originality and flexibility of one's thinking.

Algorithm for writing an essay during the exam

1. First of all, during the exam it is necessary to correctly allocate time. Practice shows that to write an essay, it is necessary to allocate at least 1-1.5 hours out of 3.5 hours allotted for the exam in social studies. It is best to start writing an essay after all the other tasks of KIM have been solved, because. this type of work requires maximum concentration of the graduate's efforts.
2. Carefully read all the proposed topics to choose from.
3. Choose those topics that are understandable, i.e. - the student must clearly understand what this statement is about, what the author wanted to say with this phrase. In order to remove doubts about whether he understands the topic correctly, the graduate must reformulate the phrase in his own words, defining the main idea. The student can do this orally or on a draft.
4. From the selected understandable statements, it is necessary to choose one topic - the one that the student knows best. It should be noted that often examinees choose topics that are easy, in their opinion, but which turn out to be difficult when revealing the topic due to the limited scientific and factual material on this issue (in other words, everything is said in the phrase itself, nothing can be added). In such cases, the essay is reduced to a simple statement of the meaning of the statement in different versions and is assessed by experts because of the poor evidence base low. Therefore, you need to choose the topic of the essay so that the student, when writing it, can fully show the completeness of his knowledge and the depth of his thoughts (i.e., the topic should be winning).
5. When choosing an essay topic, it is necessary to pay attention to which social science this statement is related to. Practice shows that a number of phrases can refer to several sciences at once. For example, I. Goethe's statement "Man is determined not only by natural qualities, but also by acquired ones" can belong to philosophy, social psychology, and sociology. Accordingly, the content of the essay should differ depending on this, i.e. must be in accordance with the specified basic science.
6. The essay does not need to be completely written on a draft. Firstly, because of the limited time, and secondly, because at the time of writing an essay, some thoughts come, and at the time of rewriting, others, and it is much more difficult to remake a finished text than to create a new one. On the draft, the graduate makes only the plan of his essay, approximate brief outlines of the meaning of the phrase, his argumentation, points of view of scientists, concepts and theoretical positions that he is going to cite in his work, as well as the approximate order of their arrangement one after another, taking into account the semantic logic of the essay.
7. Without fail, the student must express his personal attitude to the chosen topic in a clearly expressed formulation (“I agree”, “I do not agree”, “I do not completely agree”, “I agree, but partially” or similar in meaning and meaning of the phrase) . The presence of a personal relationship is one of the criteria on the basis of which the essay is evaluated by experts.
8. Without fail, the graduate must state his understanding of the meaning of the statement. Those. the high school student explains in his own words what the author wanted to say with this phrase. It is more expedient to do this at the very beginning of the essay. And if we combine the requirements of this paragraph with the provisions of the previous one, then, for example, this is how the beginning of an essay on philosophy will look like “Before talking about the good of satisfying needs, you need to decide which needs constitute good”: “I fully agree with the statement of the great Russian writer of the second halfXIX- earlyXXcenturies L.N. Tolstoy, in which he speaks of real and imaginary needs.
9. You need to be very careful when choosing arguments to support your point of view. Arguments must be convincing and substantiated. As arguments, data from relevant sciences, historical facts, and facts from public life are used. Arguments of a personal nature (examples from personal life) are rated the lowest, so their use as an evidence base is undesirable. It should be remembered that any personal example can be easily “turned” into an example from public life, from social practice, if you write about it in a third person (for example, not “The saleswoman in the store got nasty to me, thereby violating my consumer rights”, a “Let's assume that the saleswoman was rude to citizen S.. Thus, she violated his rights as a consumer.” The number of arguments in an essay is not limited, but 3-5 arguments are the most optimal for revealing the topic. It should also be remembered that examples from history are most appropriate in political science, partly in legal and sociological topics, as well as in philosophical topics related to the theory of social progress. Examples from social practice (public life) - in sociological, economic, legal topics. The data of the relevant sciences must be necessarily used when choosing any of the topics.
10. The use of terms, concepts, definitions in the essay must be competent, appropriate, in relation to the chosen topic and science. The essay should not be overloaded with terminology, especially if these concepts are not related to the chosen problem. Unfortunately, some graduates try to insert as many terms as possible into their work, violating the principle of expediency and reasonable sufficiency. Thus, they show that they have not learned how to correctly use scientific terminology. The term should be mentioned to the place, such a mention should indicate its correct understanding.
11. It is very welcome if the graduate in his essay indicates the points of view of other researchers on the issues under consideration, gives a link to different interpretations of the problem and different ways to solve it (if possible). Indication of other points of view can be direct (for example: "Lenin thought so: ..., and Trotsky - otherwise: ..., and Stalin - did not agree with both of them: ... "), but can be indirect, non-specified, non-personalized: "A number of researchers think this way: ..., others - differently: ..., and some - offer a completely different: ... ".
12. It is very welcome if the essay indicates who the author of this statement was. The indication should be short but precise (see the example in paragraph 8). If it is appropriate to mention the views of the author of the phrase when arguing one's position on this issue, this must be done.
13. Arguments must be presented in strict sequence, the internal logic of the presentation in the essay must be clearly traced. The student should not jump from one to another and again return to the first without explanation and internal connection, docking of individual provisions of his work.
14. It is necessary to complete the essay with a conclusion, which briefly summarizes the reflections and reasoning: "Thus, on the basis of all of the above, it can be argued that the author was right in his statement."

Essay examples on the topic:

Philosophy "Revolution is a barbaric way of progress" (J. Jaurès)

For the highest score

I fully agree with the statement of the famous French socialist, historian and politician of the first half of the 20th century, Jean Jaurès, in which he speaks about the peculiarities of the revolutionary path of social progress, about the distinctive features of the revolution. Indeed, revolution is one of the ways of progress, moving forward towards better and more complex forms of social organization. But since a revolution is a radical breakdown of the entire existing system, a transformation of all or most aspects of social life that takes place in a short period of time, this form of progress is always accompanied by a large number of victims and violence.

If we recall the revolutionary year of 1917 in Russia, we will see that both revolutions led to the most severe confrontation in society and the country, which resulted in a terrible Civil War, accompanied by unprecedented bitterness, millions of dead and injured, unprecedented devastation in the national economy until then.

If we remember the Great French Revolution, we will also see the rampant Jacobin terror, the guillotine "working" seven days a week and a series of incessant revolutionary wars.

If we remember the English bourgeois revolution, we will also see a civil war, repressions against dissidents.

And when we look at the history of the United States, we will see that both bourgeois revolutions that took place in this country took the form of war: first - the war for independence, and then - the Civil War.

The list of examples from history can go on and on, but wherever there is a revolution - in China, in Iran, in the Netherlands, etc. - everywhere it was accompanied by violence, i.e. barbarism from the standpoint of a civilized person.

And even if other thinkers exalted the revolution (as, for example, Karl Marx, who argued that revolutions are the locomotives of history), even if reactionaries and conservatives denied the role of revolutions in social progress, the point of view of J. Jaurès is closer to me: yes, revolution is a way of progress, a movement for the better, but carried out by barbaric methods, that is, with the use of cruelty, blood and violence. Violence cannot create happiness!

For a small score

In his quote, the author speaks of revolution and progress. Revolution is a way of transforming reality in a short time, and progress is a movement forward. Revolution is not progress. After all, progress is reform. It cannot be said that the revolution does not give positive results - for example, the Russian revolution allowed the workers and peasants to get rid of a difficult situation. But by definition, revolution is not progress, because progress is all good, and revolution is all bad. I do not agree with the author who classifies revolution as progress.

Essay plan

Introduction
1) A clear indication of the problem of utterance:
“The statement I have chosen concerns the problem….”
“The problem with this statement is….”
2) Explanation of the choice of topic (what is the significance or relevance of this topic)
“Everyone is concerned about…”
"THE RELEVANCE OF THIS TOPIC IS IN..."
3) Reveal the meaning of the statement from the point of view of social science, 1-2 sentences
4) Introduction of the author and his point of view
“The author argued (spoke, thought) from this point of view ...”
5) Your interpretation of this phrase, YOUR POINT OF VIEW (DO YOU AGREE OR NOT)
“I think…” “I agree with the author of the statement…”
6) Statement of one's position, transition to the main part of the essay

P.S. it will be a plus if in the introduction you give information about the author of the statement and insert a definition of the chosen field of the essay (philosophy, politics, economics, jurisprudence, etc.)

Argumentation:
1) Theoretical argumentation of the problem. At least 3 aspects of the theoretical disclosure of the topic should be presented.
For example: to reveal the concept itself, give examples, analyze features, functions, classifications, properties.
2) Practical argumentation or an example from public life