Ensuring the information security of children and adolescents in information and communication networks. Information security of children Suggestions for ensuring information security of children

18.10.2020

Some aspects of ensuring information and psychological safety of schoolchildren

Report at the district parent meeting

Teacher-psychologist of the CPMSS "Trust" of the SAO of Moscow

Candidate of Psychological Sciences

Pirumova K.V.

The modern child lives in a world of ever-increasing information growth rates. The forms and methods of information dissemination have changed. The main role now belongs to global networks. On the Internet, any person, political party, groups of people, organizations can influence a child; there are no restrictions on the territory of influence, time. The means of influence and the possibilities of virtual influence are constantly increasing and becoming more complex.

All-Russian study "Children of Russia Online", conducted in 2010–2011. Internet Development Foundation together with the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and the Federal Institute for the Development of Education of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, covering 1025 children aged 9 to 16 and 1025 their parents from eleven different regions of Russia, revealed more risky and, therefore, more defenseless behavior of Russian schoolchildren on the Internet than their peers living in developed European countries. Among the features of the use of Internet technologies are the following:

Children in Russia begin to go online for the first time at the age of 8–10;

Most Russian children go online on their own (about 80% of children), their parents practically do not control them;

Children often come across dangerous content (for example, almost a third of the children surveyed have encountered images of a sexual nature on the Internet in the past year);

Not all parents are sufficiently aware of the existing risks on the Internet and how to protect themselves from them; many often underestimate the problem of security.

The results of the influence of information on the health of the child, including his spiritual life, morality, are unpredictable. On the one hand, opportunities for a creative and interesting life, self-development are constantly increasing, on the other hand, information flows are so huge that a child does not always have time to process and remember even useful information. Children and teenagers can easily find or create a unique environment for virtual communication and just as easily become victims of manipulators and be subjected to all sorts of violence. InformationalOverloads lead many people, including children, to stress and depression.

Many children from an early age begin to play variouscomputer games, far from always developing in nature, which use the most fantastic virtual images, both positive and negative. I must say that the use of virtual images by a child in the absence of a foundation of bodily, mental and spiritual health (and in childhood there is only a bookmarkand the formation of this foundation) lead to the following consequences:

a) impaired perception of a living image, the growth of ineptness in activities under normal conditions, the perception of the world on an "artificial" scale, out of touch with real time and space.

b) confusing the real and virtual world. Until the age of 6-7, children do not have a mechanism for distinguishing between ordinary and virtual reality, the child continues the virtual duel in reality, puts himself above his parents, cannot adapt to his real "I".

Besides, up to 7 years, the child's consciousness does not have a protective barrier against virtual aggression. Only after the age of 12 do children have the opportunity to at least partially learn to separate virtual and real realities.

in) infection of consciousness with "information infection", that is, aggressive naturalistic images that lead to bodily "poisoning". Virtually killing and suppressingthe child takes pleasure in hitting, insulting, killing, his own anger and impunity. The usual human scale of values is turned over, the child's perception of the world around is distorted.

G) mental retardationdue to the long-term perception of rigid, inflexible, predetermined image forms (as well as when using robotic toys).

e) Difficulties in the child's self-perceptiona change in consciousness, will, personality, emotions, body movements (motor awkwardness, unnatural body movements). The child develops inattention, restlessness, "walking in the clouds"; growing like a snowball, failure. Often this is accompanied by increased fatigue, irritability, impaired memory and thinking.

e) inclusion by the child in his image of someone else's image, identification with him.

Virtual images attract the attention of the child and create psychological dependence due to artificial stimulation, overexcitation of the nervous system. This leads to disharmony of brain rhythms and hyperexcitability of children.

Computer games are considered by psychiatrists all over the world to be a drug of a new generation, taking the child away from the real world into the world of illusions. Growing up, he will spend his free time on computer games to the detriment of real real life.

And, unfortunately, more and more often we talk about computer addiction.

ADVICE TO PARENTS ON THE PREVENTION OF INTERNET DEPENDENCE.

pay attention topsychological characteristics of your child. Socially maladjusted children have an increased likelihood of acquiring Internet addiction. The reason is that the Internet allows you to remain anonymous, not to be afraid of condemnation (if you did something wrong, you can always change your name and start all over again), provides a much wider choice of communication opportunities than the real world. On the Internet, it is much easier for a child to build his own virtual world, where he will be comfortable. Therefore, if a child does not succeed in something in the real world, he will strive to stay where he is comfortable. On the other hand, the Internet can help a shy child to become more sociable, find the environment of communication that is more suitable for his level of development, and as a result increase his self-esteem. If your child is withdrawn, shy, or prone to discouragement in life, you need to carefully monitor his attitude to the Internet in order to prevent it from turning from a means of revealing the child's personality into a poorly controlled passion.

Watch for Symptoms of Internet Addiction. It manifests itself in the fact that children prefer life on the Internet to such an extent that they actually begin to abandon their real life, spending most of their time in virtual reality. An Internet addicted child is most often quiet and withdrawn, he can't wait to connect to the Internet, he has a hard time getting off of it, he gets depressed or becomes irritable if he is excommunicated from the Internet for several days.Internet independentthe child can easily switch to another channel of communication, leave the Internet, when the need arises, he always clearly distinguishes where he is currently communicating - online or not. Ask yourself: Does spending time online have an impact on your child's school performance, health, and relationships with family and friends? Find out how much time your child spends online.

Seek help from experts.If your child shows serious signs of Internet addiction, consult a teacher or psychologist. Compulsive Internet use can be a symptom of other problems such as depression, irritability, or low self-esteem. And when these problems are solved, dependence on the Internet can go away by itself.

Don't ban the internet.For most children, it is an important part of their social life. Instead, set"Intra-family rules for using the Internet". They can include the following limits: the amount of time a child spends daily on the Internet; a ban on the Net until homework is done; restriction on visiting chats or viewing materials "for adults".

Keep your balance. Let the child often play with other children. Motivate him for such communication. Help your child participate in offline interactions. If your child is shy and awkward with peers, why not consider special coaching? Encourage your child to participate in activities that bring together children with the same interests, such as ship modeling, radio engineering, or literature.

Control your children.There are programs that limit the use of the Internet and control which sites are visited. However, a smart child, if he tries, can disable this service as well. Therefore, your ultimate goal is to develop self-control, discipline and responsibility in children.

Suggest alternatives. If you think your kids are only interested in online entertainment, try offering them an offline alternative to one of their favorite games. For example, if your child enjoys role-playing games on the topic fantasy , invite him to read books on the same subject, watch films.

The Internet can be a great place for learning as well as for relaxing and chatting with friends.

But like the rest of the real world, the Web can also be dangerous. Before allowing children to surf the Internet on their own, there are a few things they need to be aware of.

Tell your children about the dangers, existing on the Internet, and teach how to get out of unpleasant situations correctly. At the end of the conversation, set some limits on the use of the Internet and discuss them with the children. Together you can create comfort and safety for the guys on the Internet.

If you're not sure where to start, here are some thoughts on how to make internet browsing safe for kids..

Set rules for children on the Internet and be adamant.

Teach your children to take the following precautions to keep personal information private:

– When introducing yourself, you should use only your first name or pseudonym.

- You should never give out a phone number or address of residence or study.

– Never send your photos.

– Never allow children to meet online acquaintances without adult supervision.

Explain to the children that the difference between right and wrong is the same both on the Internet and in real life.

Teach your kids to trust their intuition. If something bothers them online, they should let you know.

If children are chatting, using instant messaging programs, playing games, or doing anything else that requires a login, help the child choose one and make sure it does not contain any personal information.

Teach kids to respect others online. Make sure they are aware that the rules of good behavior apply everywhere – even in the virtual world.

Insist that children respect the property of others on the Internet. Explain that illegal copying of someone else's work—music, computer games, and other software—is theft.

Tell your children that they should not meet online friends. Explain that these people may not be who they say they are.

Tell the children that not everything they read or see online is true. Teach them to ask you if they are not sure.

Control the activities of children on the Internet with the help of modern programs. They will help filter out harmful content, youfind out what sites the child visits and what he does on them.

Encourage children to share their online experiences with you. Go online with your kids.

Check your child's online diary regularly, if he has one, to check.

Be attentive to your children!

Try not to lose emotional contact with them. Children should feel and realize that they are loved and accepted in the family, despite the mistakes that we all (and even more so children) willy-nilly make in life. Feeling the love and support of loved ones, the child will more easily learn all the above rules and recommendations related to the safe stay of a person in the virtual space.

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Relevance of the issue

It is no secret that the current stage of human development is called the age of information technology. Today, a person receives different information from a variety of sources. It is far from always possible to filter information, to select the really necessary data. It is especially difficult for children.

To understand the magnitude of the problem, let's compare information acquisition to food intake. Such a comparison is well founded. After all, the need for information is just as important today as the need for food. There are foods that cannot be consumed or that are not suitable for the body. The same can be said about information. Not all information needs to be perceived by the child. Any information will have an impact on him: weak, strong, harmful, useful. Accordingly, it is necessary to be selective when using certain information. But if adults as a whole manage to cope with this task, then children do not succeed. Therefore, ensuring the information security of children is entrusted to adults. Parents and teachers play a special role in this.

Global changes in the information space are driven by technological progress. The development of technology not only contributes to the emergence of new opportunities, but also carries various risks. Until relatively recently, the information security of children was not talked about so often. The fact is that earlier the flow of information coming to the child was strictly controlled by adults. Parents did not allow talking to strangers, making friends with "bad peers".

With the advent of home computers and unlimited Internet, the situation has changed dramatically. Children got free access to social networks, chats, forums, websites, games and other resources of different quality. As a result, they were bombarded with just a huge amount of information, which not everyone knows how to filter. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that often the child is left alone with the Internet, and many parents do not know how to use a PC well enough.

Internet danger

Surveys show that the World Wide Web is the second most important source of information for most high school students. The third place is occupied by the school, in the first place so far are the parents with a small margin. The Internet currently plays a significant role in the education of children. The formation of a picture of the world, a model of behavior, a way of thinking is carried out under the influence of information from the Web.

The Internet is deservedly called the virtual world. Of course, it is quite closely connected with reality. On the Web, you can earn money, order groceries, clothes, discuss news, etc. On the Internet, as well as in life, there are "bad" companies, forums, chats. Banned films, clips, etc. are often shown here.

Any normal parent is not indifferent to who his child communicates with, what sources of information he uses, what books he reads, watches movies, what music he listens to. As for the Internet, very often adults forget about the importance of information security. Children are at home, not on the street - this reassures parents. Meanwhile, the minor is left alone with the virtual world - with strangers who can influence his behavior.

One cannot fail to say that the authority of people on the Web is significantly higher than the authority of teachers. This is a very disturbing fact. After all, before the school played, if not a key, then a significant role in the upbringing of the younger generation. At present, the influence of teachers is significantly lower. If this trend continues further, then the formation of personality will take place not in the real world, but in the virtual one. At the same time, the authority of parents will also be threatened.

Children information security concept

The protection of the younger generation must be carried out, of course, comprehensively. First of all, measures for the information security of children should be carried out by parents. At the same time, it is necessary to take such measures so that the child does not feel disadvantaged. It is important not to lose the trust of children.

Information security is a set of measures aimed at protecting minors from the negative impact of information. At the same time, we are talking not only about the Internet, but also about other sources - TV, radio, books, etc.

Teachers play the most important role in maintaining the information security of children. Together with their parents, they must develop measures aimed at protecting the younger generation. It is the joint work that is important, otherwise all the efforts of the parents may be in vain.

The participation of the authorities is of great importance. At the state level, programs are being developed to ensure the information security of children, laws are being adopted, and responsibility for their violation is being established. Each educational institution should have local acts that reflect and specify federal provisions, adapting them to specific conditions.

Parental control

How can children's information security be maintained? This question worries many adults. Parental control is considered one of the effective ways of protection today. This option is present in the functionality of most antivirus programs. In addition, parental control can be set using special programs.

This option allows you to configure the PC so that a specific user, i.e. a child in this case, does not have access to any Internet resources, cannot run applications (for example, games), or can only use the computer for a certain time.

Advantages and disadvantages of parental control

This solution certainly has a lot of advantages. Firstly, the information security of children with the parental control option installed is guaranteed. Adults don't have to worry about their child visiting unwanted sites, spending all day playing games, etc. The flexibility of customization tools should be noted. In order not to infringe on the child at all, you can set up access to games for a certain time period, create a list of allowed resources, etc.

There are, however, this decision and negative sides. If a child is not allowed to open certain resources at home, he may well do it at a friend's house. In addition, parental controls can be bypassed. If the child copes with this, then perhaps it is worth noting his abilities and directing them in the right direction? For example, he can be interested in programming, researching a computer network, etc.

Website blocking

Parental control is certainly a good option in an antivirus program - the information security of children will be provided at the required level (in any case, when a child with computer settings is set to "you"). Meanwhile, sooner or later, a minor will be able to get on sites that were once banned. He may not be ready for the information they contain.

Whether to block or not is up to each parent to decide. Undoubtedly, there is content, access to which should be explicitly prohibited. These are pornographic sites, ads leading to them, dating chats, etc. Blocking ads is useful not only for children, but also for adults. Indeed, without annoying banners, working on a computer is much more pleasant.

Expert opinions

Many experts believe that parental control is the most important tool to ensure and maintain the information security of children on the Internet. However, experts make an important reservation. This tool is suitable for young children. Information security on the Web for older children can be ensured in other ways. About them - further.

PC usage control

It is not necessary to put a password on the computer. Often it is enough to place the PC so that it is visible to adults. In this case, it is easy to control the process of using a computer. In this case, the actions of parents will be more correct and tactful. Adults will be able to imperceptibly for the child to observe his actions and coordinate them.

Experts do not recommend putting a computer in a child's room, buying him modern gadgets, including tablets and smartphones. According to statistics, at present almost half of children of primary school age use trendy phones and have access to the Internet. At the same time, it is completely unclear why they need such gadgets. After all, children have uncontrolled access to the Internet, they can become a victim of robbers. If you need a connection with a child, it is enough to buy him a regular phone. If parents decide to buy a trendy smartphone, it is advisable to install parental controls on it.

Directing the energy of the child in the right direction

Parents today have a great responsibility. Adults have to instill culture in children, to raise its level. This is a very difficult task. The fact is that today there is a continuous propaganda of the cult of money, consumption, lack of culture, "coolness". It is difficult to eliminate its negative influences. Parents need to be interested in the life of the child, talk with him, discuss the events taking place in his life.

For example, if he likes to watch movies on the Internet, it is quite possible to talk about it, at the same time tell about the history of cinema or interesting facts. It is important to show him really high-quality and good films filled with meaning.

If he is interested in gadgets, it is worth buying a useful item. For example, an e-book. Perhaps it will help instill a love of reading.

If a child is interested in the structure of sites, the contents of a computer, it is likely that a good programmer will grow out of him. Perhaps it is worth giving it to a circle of young programmers.

You need to help your child discover their talents. Except parents, no one will do this.

Formation of a single information field

The child and his parents should be in a single information space. This does not mean that adults should indulge children in everything. On the contrary, you need to constantly interact with the child, negotiate with him, change his environment for the better. Of course, you should try to spend as much time with him as possible.

Important point

I must say that often parents themselves erect a wall in front of their children. Sometimes this is due to unwillingness to understand the child, indifference to him, to his interests, feelings, experiences. It is very difficult to overcome the wall. It is important to create such conditions in the family in which the child could calmly share his experiences. Adults, in turn, need to be sensitive to them.

Conclusion

Parents are currently facing a difficult task. They themselves need to create a favorable informational climate for their children. It must be remembered that the child will not disappear on the Internet if he is busy with things that are interesting for him.

Of course, in the process of studying, he will have to use the Web. It may be worth writing a memo on information security. For children, the participation of parents in their lives is very important. It is necessary to explain to them why it is undesirable to use certain resources. It is important to let children know that adults are interested in their normal development.

The analysis of the results of work to ensure the rights of minors to information security, carried out by the Office of the Commissioner for Children's Rights in the Sverdlovsk Region, when they use the Internet in 2011-2013, made it possible to identify a number of the most significant risks in this area of communications.

1. Lack of effective control over children's access to Internet sites containing materials (computer games) with elements of violence, pornography, obscene language, propaganda of anorexia and bulimia, suicide, alcohol and drugs, gambling, inciting racial and religious hatred.

2. The presence on the Internet of users who, influencing the child, try to establish close relationships with him for sexual exploitation, involvement in illegal activities, extortion (theft) of personal data of family members, confidential information, harass the child with messages containing insults, aggression and intimidation.

3. Availability on the Internet: information of a manipulative nature, disorienting children, limiting the adequacy of the perception of the information received due to poor legal education, knowledge of history and age; powerful anti-Russian propaganda influence aimed at distorting historical, political and geopolitical reality.

4. The presence in Internet information flows of specific elements that purposefully change (influence) the psychophysiological state of children and adolescents (NLP, etc.).

At the same time, the adopted Federal Law No. 436-FZ, as well as the relevant orders of Roskomsvyaz, provide a certain legal tool for control and supervisory authorities. However, the development of public means of communication, computerization and the relative cheapness of Internet access, as well as the "advancement" of adolescents, make the issues of providing a safe information space for minors problematic.

An analysis of the results of the verification activities of the Commissioner for Children's Rights, appeals from citizens and organizations on the protection of children from information threats on the Internet, gives grounds to assert that in matters of minimizing the risks indicated above, of course, there should be technical ways to restrict access to destructive pages of the network, but the most effective the method is the education of the internal self-discipline of a minor, the formation of his moral maturity. In this regard, a special role should be assigned to the education system and the family. The main condition for success is the experience of parents and the pedagogical skills of teachers.

Considering the above, we offer:

Develop and implement curricula, textbooks, methodological manuals for the safe use of Internet resources.
As part of the school curriculum, provide the necessary number of hours for educational work with students aimed at instilling safe working skills on the Internet. Carry out media safety lessons in educational institutions on an ongoing basis, starting from the first grade.
Carry out systematic retraining of teachers who teach computer science with an emphasis on modern methods of information security, methodology, information security technologies.
Through institutions of the educational system, establish free distribution of specialized programs, training in methods of using operating system resources to ensure parental control of computers (mobile devices) to which children have access.
Conduct training sessions with parents, in which to identify all the risk factors for children using the Internet and outline the methodology for their neutralization. In addition, explain to parents the basics of communicating with children about the risks of using the Internet.

So why does the question of information security in general and the information security of children in particular arise? To answer this question, let's compare information with food. We have such a right, because the need for information is as important as the physiological need, and so, it is quite possible to “poison” information. You can consume harmful information and seriously harm your spiritual health. Like food, any information has one or another effect on a person - strong or weak, useful or harmful, saving or absolutely destructive. No wonder they say "You can kill with a word, you can save with a word, you can lead people with a word." The “word” here is what we mean by information. To protect children from harmful information, RVS activists have developed a manual on the information security of children.

The need for information is one of the basic natural human needs. No less important than purely physiological needs - food, sleep, warmth, etc. Since ancient times, man has eagerly sought and created information about the world around him, has traveled a gigantic path from myth to a scientific picture of the world, the greatest works of art and morality. Any human activity is inextricably linked with the exchange of information. Thanks to the exchange of information, we assimilated behavior patterns in childhood, learned social norms, comprehended the basics of science, art and law. When mom and dad explained to us how to behave, what is good and what is bad, when teachers at school taught the basics of science, they created an information environment for us in which we were brought up and formed.

Since information inevitably affects a person, it must be filtered. If an adult copes with this task (and not always and not everyone), then the child still does not know how to do this. This means that he needs the protection of his information environment by adults. First of all, of course, from the side of the parents.

Why do we believe that the problem of protecting the information environment of a child is especially relevant today? Because in the last 10-15 years it, the information environment, has undergone gigantic changes. This happened mainly due to technological progress, which often brings with it not only new huge positive opportunities, but also no less huge dangers. The human information environment will never be the same again. So, we must learn to protect it, to deal with it effectively.

In the past, a child's informational environment was relatively easy for parental regulation and protection. The television channels watched by the child, the books and magazines he read, even his social circle - all this was relatively easily controlled by the parents. At school, a good sports section, a children's camp, the child is safe - they won’t teach bad things there, and, as a rule, professionals work there. Thus, the problem of information security in the past was solved easily and as if by itself. Mom in childhood forbade communicating with strangers, walking in the company of "bad peers", watching the only TV in the family after 21:00, etc. And the authority of mom and dad was very high.

Everything changed when a computer and unlimited Internet came to almost every home. They have brought tremendous opportunities to their users. Their importance is difficult to overestimate. But along with the opportunities came radical changes in the information environment of the child. Let's think about what exactly happened. The child, not yet able to filter incoming information, not yet having stable social models, got access to social networks, forums, chats, dating sites, online games, information sites and blogs of various quality and content. He was literally flooded with a huge, powerful flow of very different information. He began to interact with her, often one on one. The situation is significantly worsened by the fact that many parents with a computer are "on you" and in terms of the ability to use a personal computer, the child often very quickly bypasses his parents. The situation has become especially aggravated in recent years with the proliferation of individual portable computing devices such as tablet computers and smartphones. Thus, Internet access becomes portable and virtually uncontrollable.

In this brochure, we want to clearly analyze which information flows affect the child. Show what dangers he exposes himself to at a time when outwardly he is completely safe and warm at home at the computer.

What we don't want is escalation in the spirit of "computers, the Internet is evil, and children should be totally isolated from this evil." We don't think so. We are convinced that the Internet and a personal computer are excellent tools for work, education, entertainment, and spiritual growth of a person.

We believe that the child must be taught to properly manage the chaotic flow of information. And we will present our proposal in this brochure.

Danger #1: Loss of Parental Authority

Let's start with some numbers.

According to the study of the Internet Development Foundation, conducted in March 2009, the following data were obtained.

To the question “what is the most important source of information for you?” All students participating in the study put their parents first. The Internet is firmly in second place as a priority source of information. Eighth and ninth grade teachers are only in third place, i.e. the Internet has already become more authoritative than the teacher. In fourth place for this group of schoolchildren are friends and classmates.

Among high school students, the Internet shared second place along with teachers, friends and classmates.

The Internet Development Foundation notes that fierce competition prevails here, and if you do not learn how to effectively use the possibilities of the Internet in the learning process, it becomes quite obvious who will win in the end.

The so-called "digital divide" was also studied - the difference in the competence of using the Internet between parents and children. The following facts came to light:

less than half of parents are aware of the risks their child faces. One in three parents know that children see sexual images online because they see them themselves. At the same time, they have little idea that children are victims of aggressive behavior or can be aggressors themselves. Although the children themselves are most concerned about exactly what constitutes communication risks. Also, parents know very little about the fact that their children are dating those they met online;

the willingness of the child to see and accept help. A third of children say that they do not feel any support from their parents, although the parents themselves believe that they are helping their child.

At the same time, according to a study by the Internet Development Foundation and the Faculty of Psychology of Lomonosov Moscow State University with the support of Google, Russian teenagers overtake their parents in terms of the frequency of using the Internet. 89% of teenagers and 53% of parents of teenagers use the Internet every day. Moreover, 17% of all interviewed parents noted that they do not use the Internet at all.

What do we see in these numbers? As a source of authoritative information, the Internet has already surpassed the teacher. And he is preparing to oust his parents from the first place. Let's think about what this means. It turns out that the parent loses authority over the child, competing with a variety of people "from the other end of the Internet cable", that is, he loses the opportunity to raise his child. While, fortunately, the authority of the parent is still the most significant for the child, it is the parental word that is most significant. But today the Internet plays a very significant role in the upbringing of a child. That is, behavior patterns, norms, way of thinking, picture of the world - all that, in a word, which is called education, is largely scooped up by the child in the network.

To understand the fundamental novelty of the situation, let's think about what, in essence, is the Internet? The Internet can be called a virtual world. Of course, this virtual world is closely connected with reality - they earn very real money on the Internet, they order very real products with its help, they discuss very real news and they fall for quite real scammers. The Internet has the same real impact on the child. But, in its essence, the Internet is really a virtual world. Here, too, there are companies of "bad guys", for example, propaganda of extremist ideas, bad forums, groups in social networks. Here, too, there are drug dealers, with the help of the Internet it is quite possible to buy spices. Although we note that this is effectively counteracted. There are a huge number of bad films and clips, music of dangerous genres, etc. This will be discussed in detail in the following chapters.

Here we want to draw attention to the following phenomenon. Any normal parent keeps track of who influences his child. Does the child communicate with bad companies? Is the child in danger of being deceived by scammers? Does he read good books, does he watch bad films?

But for some reason, in the case of the Internet, very often, unfortunately, parental vigilance is asleep. You can often hear: Yes, he sits at the computer, but he doesn’t drink beer at the entrances, he doesn’t roam around discos! And in the house he is safe, under our supervision.". Parents, not understanding the dangers of online life, voluntarily allow strangers with very different intentions to raise a child.

The fact that the school is losing the competition with the Internet in authority is a very disturbing fact. Traditionally, the school played a huge role in the education of the individual, the formation of a picture of the world, accustomed to the norms of behavior in society. Now her influence has waned considerably.

If the trend continues, if the order of things is not changed, then very soon the growing personality will be shaped primarily by the Internet and only secondarily by parental education. In this case, there will be no talk of any trusting relationship between parents and children. Parents, in fact, will become guardians. And it will be a completely different, very sinister reality.

Danger No. 2. Subcultures, extremism, sects

Youth depressive subcultures are an extremely insidious and dangerous trap on the way of personality development. They are especially dangerous for teenagers.

Let's remember ourselves in adolescence - perhaps the brightest, most dramatic, difficult and wonderful period of a person's life. What's going on with the teenager? The world around him sharply becomes more complicated, completely new problems and concerns arise. Experiences hitherto unknown hit the soul. The first, still very pure, innocent love ... At the same time, the extreme vulnerability and pliability of the emerging personality. Teenagers with a rather sensitive heart and a subtle inner world are passionately searching for the philosophical foundations of the universe, furiously, with maximalism, they are trying to comprehend the ultimate foundations of being.

In this most difficult period of life, a teenager is looking for a way of self-expression, his place in society. He is in dire need of a sense of his independence and independence. It's very, very difficult for him to deal with it.

So, without exception, all depressive subcultures exploit these aspirations and problems, this natural energy of a teenager. Looking ahead, we note that the saddest, the most terrible thing is that children with a sensitive soul and a warm heart fall into the trap of subcultures first of all. Not only them, but they - in the first place. Let's figure out what a subculture is, what they are and what unites them.

I do not want to give a generally accepted definition here, in the end, the reader may well find and read it himself. We need to get to the bottom of it. A subculture can well be deciphered as a "subculture". From English, by the way, the literal translation sounds like “subculture”. That is, it is a certain set of values, behavioral patterns, specific words and concepts, clothing styles, musical preferences, etc., that distinguish it from the mainstream culture of society. Depressive, dangerous subcultures always radically oppose themselves to the mainstream culture. Thus, by the way, they satisfy the teenager's request for independence and individuality. Of course, slipping him the most dangerous spiritual surrogates.

In order to understand the essence of subcultures, let's look at one of them.

Goths, gothic subculture

One of the most popular subcultures. The worldview is based on the so-called dark culture - dark culture, with its cults of death, suffering, depression, hatred of life and joy. The Goths themselves characterize their worldview as "depressive-romantic". The worldview is characterized by frequent depression, melancholy, dark mysticism, a sharp rejection of the "crowd", that is, society, people who are not part of this subculture. The core of the gothic subculture is death viewed romantically. Everything connected with death in all its manifestations is great for the goths. Everything that is connected with life, positive emotions, spiritual positive upsurge is disgusting and is the lot of "cattle". The Goths themselves call this thanatophilia, that is, in other words, love of death. The Goths consider it romantic to stroll through the cemetery, fantasize about the afterlife. Ruins, skulls, bones are a wonderful sight for a Goth. A separate place in the Gothic subculture is occupied by everything related to vampires. Vampires embody gothic romance: otherworldly existence, complete detachment from the living world, the subtle relationship between life and death.

Among the specific paraphernalia on which enterprising figures earn money are skulls, rings with claws, skulls, crosses, the same pendants on a chain.

Since subculture is inextricably linked, it is worth saying a few words about it. There is a huge amount of gothic direction of music - from gothic metal to modern dark wave. The plots are the same: vampire aesthetics, death, despondency, depression, suicide - as the highest manifestation of individuality and spirituality - contempt for society, escapism (the desire to hide from the world, to avoid it). Bright representatives of this trend are popular among young people: Otto Dix, Lacrimosa, Tiamat, Sirenia, etc. The genres of black metal (satanic metal), death metal (can be translated as “metal of death”) are often popular with Goths, that is, again all on the theme of death, horror and evil.

It should be noted that very often the path to a subculture lies through musical preferences. Music is indeed a very powerful tool for influencing a person, especially if a stable system of values has not yet been formed. Conclusion: it is necessary to do everything to form a healthy system of values in a child. Otherwise, they will be "formed" by others.

It does not make sense to describe the appearance of the goth here, there are enough photos on the network.

So, what do we see even after such a superficial review of the subculture? What natural needs of a teenager does Gothic surrogately satisfy? Philosophical request and the request to find the ultimate foundations of being - first of all. And this is the most terrible of all, since these are the purest, sincere and deepest demands of the child, and instead of the works of great thinkers, instead of high art - from books to music, he takes an extremely dangerous poison. In addition, the subculture determines the adolescent's attitude to society, satisfies his need for self-determination and independence, and solves the problem of insecurity. We emphasize again that the subculture does this in a terribly ugly form.

other subcultures. Punks, informals, rappers, emo, etc.

Although these are completely different subcultures based on music, whose members despise each other, they have a lot in common. All these subcultures are characterized by emphasized antisocial behavior, rebelliousness, protest against order, opposing themselves to the “crowd”. Often politicized, though not always. Antisocial behavior is seen as a form of protest. In the worldview and music - hopelessness, hatred of the world, drug addiction as a blessing, a cult of violence, drinking and promiscuous sex.

Anime and anime people

Not so dangerous subculture, and many argue that the anime hobby cannot be called a subculture. Perhaps this is true - anime does not offer a single worldview and philosophical explanation of the world. Nevertheless, hangouts of anime lovers often form.

You need to understand that anime (Japanese cartoons) are not at all as harmless as it might seem. There are wonderful anime, with very deep, wise content. But there are also those where monstrous cruelty is demonstrated, the eroticism of the characters is clearly expressed. Often anime characters lead an anti-social lifestyle. There are also completely crazy anime directions. The clearest example is "guro", comics and cartoons with the dismemberment of corpses, infliction of sophisticated sadistic injuries, extreme forms of sadomasochism, cannibalism. Or "hentai" - Japanese pornographic cartoons.

In general, to understand what anime is, it is best to watch a couple of cartoons. Japanese animation has firmly taken its place in world culture and not by chance: as mentioned above, there are very good anime cartoons (for example, "Spirited Away"). But there are also very dangerous currents.

A few words about sects and extremism

The service offers a range of services for blocking unwanted content, including ad blocking. The “home” version, costing 360 rubles a year, allows you to block sites on many grounds, for example, you can block all social networks, the black list of the Ministry of Justice, dating sites, etc. The service has its own huge database of addresses with content characteristics. There is a "white" list setting, there are "black" lists.

The main advantage of the service is flexible and convenient settings at a low price. Blocks websites containing viruses. Simple setup that does not require special knowledge.

Of the minuses - the service is not able to limit anything directly on the computer, it filters only access to Internet resources.

Reliability is high, getting around with the right settings is quite difficult.

2.Dr. Web Security Space and Kaspersky Internet Security

Documentation is also built into the product itself.

First of all, these are full-fledged anti-virus solutions, the parental control function is implemented “in the appendage”. Nevertheless, a very popular home computer solution that performs its tasks quite efficiently. Allows you to block not only unwanted sites and sites with viruses, but also limit the use of the computer by time, set a ban on the launch of certain applications, blocks access to specified folders and files on the computer.

Bypassing the configured parental controls on these products is very easy if you do not make additional settings. The fact is that permissions are configured for individual users of the operating system. From which, by the way, it follows that you need to create a separate user of the operating system with limited rights for the child.

What does a more or less advanced teenager do? He boots the computer in safe mode, selects the "Administrator" user, which is hidden in normal mode and therefore does not have a password, creates a temporary user with unlimited rights. It is very easy to do and teenagers learn it instantly. For some reason, the documentation does not pay attention to this moment. However, closing such a gap is easy - just activate the hidden user "administrator" and set a password for him. How to do it - at the end of this application.

Pluses - flexible settings, great control options, in addition to parental control, there is an antivirus and a firewall.

Minus - additional settings of the operating system are needed (creating an account for the child, creating a password for the "administrator" account).

3. How to activate the "administrator" account?

Click "Start", right click on "Computer" and open "Manage". We are interested in the "Local Users" branch.

In the window that opens, double-click on the "Administrator" user, in the menu that appears, uncheck the "Disable account" item and click "OK".

That's all. The "Administrator" account is activated. Next, you need to set a password for this account.

This problem is relevant for the Windows 7 operating system versions higher than Home premium.

4. How to create accounts, change passwords to them
Start - Control Panel - User Accounts. Here you can change passwords and create new accounts. Let us remind you that for parental control to work, the child must have his own Internet account (not an administrator!), for which rights will be limited.