What time does the first lesson end? What time do lessons start in different countries? Causes of sleep deprivation in teens

For every parent whose child went to school, it is important to know what rules the educational institution is guided by when choosing a load for children. The length of the day is determined by the current provisions of SanPiN. If it is violated, responsible persons are subject to disciplinary liability or to sanctions in the form of an administrative fine. So, how long is the lesson at school When does the school day start and end?

If the schedule is generated with errors, then the institution may face impressive fines.

At the same time, both the institution itself and its head are subject to sanctions. So, the institution will have to pay 70,000 rubles, the director - 7,000 rubles (Article 6.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

In addition, the founder may decide to bring the management to disciplinary responsibility in the form of a remark or reprimand (Article 192 of the Labor Code of Russia).

Particular attention should be paid to the schedule. When disciplines are added to it, the standards must still be maintained and the requirements specified in SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 must be met.

Divide the class into groups in the lessons.

Classes (parallels) can be divided into groups. This event is necessary for those educational institutions that teach several languages ​​(foreign, native). The division also allows for labor and physical education classes.

It is worth noting that the school is not at all obliged to resort to the above procedure. However, such recommendations should not be neglected, as this increases the effectiveness of training.

Extracurricular activities at school.

Also of no small importance is the issue of alternating lessons with additional classes. The institution has the right to take this step with a full transition to the Federal State Educational Standard.

Breaks should not be kept in accordance with the general requirements (45 minutes), since extracurricular activities differ from classroom activities in their form.

If an educational institution continues educational activities in accordance with the FC SES, then extracurricular activities cannot be mixed with the general educational process.

It is necessary to separately schedule electives and lessons. At the same time, a pause of 45 minutes or more must be maintained between additional classes and the last lesson.

Important! 19/20 is the last year when educational activities are allowed within the framework of the FC SES.

The transitional period for the Federal State Educational Standard for schools will end in 2020/21 (according to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 07.09.10 No. 1507-r).

The provisions of SanPiN, which should be followed when drawing up a schedule at school.

The main document regulating the rules for the formation of a document, according to which schoolchildren study, is SanPiN 2.4.2.2821–10.

The act, among other things, contains information about the duration of classes, their start and end times, and the break between shifts.

Also, the administration should monitor the uniform distribution of the load during the school week.

What time do lessons start and end at school?

It is required to start classes no earlier than 8 am (clause 10.4). The length of the day for students is equal to the duration of 6 lessons (45 minutes for grades 2-4 and 35-40 minutes for first graders).

Many people have a question what time does the 6th lesson end at school.

It depends on the shift: for the first - until 13:30, and for the second - until 19:30. At the same time, students in grades 5, 9 and 11 are not allowed to study in the second shift.

It is also not allowed to organize the process in more than two shifts. Between the latter, an interval of thirty minutes must be maintained.

The weekly load is evenly distributed. It is required to take into account the daily and general mental performance of children, as well as the difficulty of subjects.

In the middle of the week, it is advisable to increase the level of mental activity by loading minors with lessons with the highest score (chemistry, algebra, physics, etc.).

Also, at the specified time, it is allowed to increase the number of classes compared to the beginning and end of the week.

How is the schedule evaluated and are parents involved?

This issue is within the competence of the Deputy Director for WRM. After reconciling the document with the requirements of SanPiN and checking the schedule for errors, the act can be adopted or adjusted.

If problems arise related to the violation of a number of legal norms that cannot be resolved, then they are brought to the pedagogical council with teachers.

This will allow us to develop a plan for the next six months and bring the documentation in order.

The draft schedule is allowed to be discussed with the participation of active parents. The latter have the right to propose their own adjustments, including with regards to circles and sections.

The discussion can be conducted directly or by sending forms (questionnaires). If it is impossible to take into account any wishes, the school must prepare a reasoned response.

How many lessons in elementary school: step mode?

They require a special relationship, because school is a new experience for them. In some educational institutions, a step-by-step mode of classes is used.

The latter is a schedule that allows children to quickly adapt to an unfamiliar environment.

The basic principle of the methodology is to gradually and consistently increase the load (duration of classes and their number).

To organize such a system, you need to include in the daily schedule:

• 3 lessons of 35 minutes in September;
• 4 lessons of 35 minutes in December;
• 4 lessons of 40 minutes in May.

The last 4th lesson must end no later than 11:20. In September-December, the specified time is reduced by 10 minutes.

Conclusion.

Thus, the duration of a lesson at school for grades 2-11 is 45 minutes.

They study less by 5 minutes from January to March and by 10 minutes in the first half of the year. These norms are established by the current SanPiN.

In addition, the document includes many other scheduling requirements that must be met when approving a training document.

The day before, there were many flowers, smiles and warm words in schools, gymnasiums and lyceums: the last bells rang all over the country. The graduates have a hot time for the Central Television ahead, and the rest of the schoolchildren have three months of summer vacation in order to sit down at their desks with renewed vigor by September 1. At what time will the bell ring for class? Most schools in Minsk have already decided: classes will start at 9.00. Half an hour earlier, at 8.30, lessons start in 22 educational institutions, in two more - at 8.00. What will this innovation give and what should be taken into account here? This is what the guests of the conference hall "SB" say.

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Olga LITVINOVA, Chief Freelance Child Psychiatrist of the Ministry of Health, Irina KARZHOVA, Deputy Head of the Department of General Secondary Education of the Ministry of Education, Viktor PSHIKOV, Director of Minsk Gymnasium No. 29, and Anastasia Smolskaya, mother of three children, speak about topical issues of secondary education in the SB conference hall.

I. Karzhova: Sanitary norms and rules approved by the Ministry of Health clearly define: the optimal start time for training sessions is 9.00. The start time of the second shift - no later than 14.00, completion - no later than 19.30. These frameworks were not defined today or even yesterday. In the fall of 2016, we analyzed the start time of lessons in schools - and it turned out that a third of educational institutions start classes at 8.00, another third - at 8.30 and one third - at 9.00. Now the Ministry of Education, together with the education departments of the regional executive committees, the education committee of the Minsk City Executive Committee, is working on the issue of the possibility of starting classes in accordance with the optimal time determined by SanPINs. We are considering two options: in those schools that work in one shift - from 9.00, and in those that have a second shift - from 8.30, in order to keep within the time frame for completing classes. It will not be rigidly defined: everything is at 8.30 or at 9.00. There is a specificity of each educational institution: somewhere in the countryside there is a delivery, somewhere many classes are engaged in the second shift, and somewhere only primary classes. I think that local work will be organized to study the situation.

A. Smolskaya: I have one child studying in the first shift, the second - in the second, and the third goes to kindergarten. And, of course, as a mother, it’s convenient for me sometimes to send the younger child with the older one, so that on the way to school he takes him to the kindergarten, which is open from 8.00. Or this situation: in new districts, schools are overloaded, with 17 classes in parallel, at parent meetings they joke that the gym, corridor and hall should already be divided into classes. It turns out that the children study almost in three shifts: some - from 8 am, others - from about 12.00, others - from plus or minus 14.00. The difficulty is that I want the children to still have time in circles, sections and additional classes. It is especially difficult with the second shift, because when the child comes home from school in the winter, it is already night. And if the start of classes on the second shift shifts, the children will not be able to do anything at all ...

V. Pshikov: Can I tag you as a school principal? You have a broader question here, including infrastructure, the construction of schools in the area. Classes start at 8 or 9 in the morning, the problems will remain the same ...

A. Smolskaya: In any case, I think parents are calmer if the child left for the first shift by 8.00, and not so that you don’t know where he is and how ...

V. Pshikov: We have one and a half thousand children and two buildings, one for grades 1-4. When I started, there were over 2,000 students and a second shift, but we managed to resolve the situation. And for six years now, 5th-11th grades have been coming to classes by 9 am. Naturally, we calculated all the options, discussed them with teachers and parents. They also took into account the moment that they enter the gymnasium, so they come here from different parts of Minsk. Difficulties can be only for students of the 5th grade, the rest successfully get on their own. When I went to this meeting, I once again asked the guys if the start time of classes at 9.00 suits them - everyone answered positively. Our six lessons end at 15.00, keep in mind that we have breaks of 20 minutes, it takes a total of about an hour to rest. We moved the elementary school from 8.30, including in order to more comfortably organize meals for children. And 90 - 95% of parents are satisfied with this situation, perhaps also because our gymnasium is located in the city center. Parents calmly bring the child at 8.10 - 8.15, even if he arrives at 8.00, he is literally 10 - 15 minutes in "free mode". The teacher comes to school earlier, around 8.00 - 8.10. I see only pluses if the children go to 9.00.

Olga Litvinova: As far back as 2012, the sanitary norms and rules stipulated that the educational process should begin no earlier than 8.00, optimally at 9.00. From the point of view of medicine for a child, and for an adult, the most difficult hours are in the morning. And for a student child, it is doubly so, since at this time the concentration of attention, working capacity and the ability to switch attention are the lowest. Naturally, the child begins to experience psychological discomfort, followed by anxiety. These are slow steps towards the development of various psychosomatic diseases. That is, we constantly keep him in a state of stress, naturally bring him to what we seem to be protecting him from. If, of course, we are talking about a child now. Because most discussions come down to the topic of convenience and parenting habits.

SB: But their opinion is also important. Still, one must take into account the reality: in Minsk, and in other cities, a first grader will not always get to school on his own.

O. Litvinova: We are just discussing different options. On the example of the Minsk school, we see that the kids arrive at 8.30, at 9.00 - older students. And it suits them. No one talks about a clear time for everyone: a reserve is given, that is, a temporary break.

I. Karzhova: The start time for each school will not be determined by the Ministry of Education or Health. The director determines taking into account the specifics of a particular educational institution. And before the start of the school year, we have time to analyze and think everything over, taking into account the number of classes and the number of children, to discuss with parents the possibilities of organizing work. Of course, when a child is in primary school, it is much calmer to take him or send him to school on the way to work. Otherwise, he himself will gather, and his parents will worry that it will not benefit anyone. The school administration should work competently and professionally, having studied how many parents will still bring their children to 8.00 if classes start at 9.00. The school will be open and the children should be busy, not just in the corridor or in the classroom.

"SB": But the meaning of the innovation is that the children have more rest, and not sit an extra hour at school.

I. Karzhova: First you need to study how many such children. If there are not many of them, perhaps some kind of physical education or optional, supportive and stimulating classes will be organized for them. If there are a majority of such children, then this option is not entirely suitable or it is not well developed. Any decision must be approached carefully and thoughtfully.

O. Litvinova: There are different types of schools. For example, schools of the so-called walking distance, where the contingent of children is mainly from the nearest houses, need one solution. Schools that, when analyzing the composition of their students, will see that the majority of children are traveling from different parts of the city - 9.00 is better for them. And from a medical point of view, it is also better. When the child can stand up, gradually join the learning process and start it from the optimal time. It should be said that the most productive time is from 10.00 to 14.00.

"SB": That is, the second shift generally falls out?

O. Litvinova: No, the second shift also has its performance peaks. This is approximately from 16.00, after the lunch break. But it is clear that if there was such an opportunity, of course, all the children would study in the first shift.

V. Pshikov: I would like to ask the mother of schoolchildren: would you personally agree that the child would go to 9 o'clock?

A. Smolskaya: I would be in favor of everyone going by 9.00, but without the second shift. Still, I can adjust, and not all parents will be delighted with the fact that it will be necessary to take their children to school by nine. In addition, we are not sure that the time of the second shift will not shift ...

"SB": The Ministry has already commented that supposedly the start time of the second shift will remain unchanged.

I. Karzhova: The issue is being explored from different angles. On the one hand, this is the specificity of educational institutions, the opinion of parents. On the other hand, the organization of the educational process, taking into account the optimal time for the start of classes, determined by sanitary norms and rules, where it is clearly stated: the beginning of the second shift - no later than 14.00. We are not talking about changing the time of its start and end. In the country this year, about 25% of schools worked in two shifts, the rest - in one.

SB: Will there be fewer changes?

I. Karzhova: Reduced the interval between the first and second shifts.

O. Litvinova: The interval between shifts is the time when you can prepare the classrooms for the students to come there. Its reduction will not affect children in any way.

V. Pshikov: The most important thing is the organization of the activities of the educational institution. If the director of the school, together with the parents, does not think through all the subtleties, problems will be at every step. Any changes, even the duration of the break, have always caused and will cause a reaction from the parents. This issue is solved simply: find an opportunity to meet with the head, either through the parent committee, or with the help of the class teacher. Everything is solved. You know, every day I meet children at the door of the school in the morning and I see that even by nine they are late. But a significant part of the students painlessly come 20 or even 30 minutes before the start of classes. If we talk about babies, then many parents bring even at 7.50, that is, 30 - 40 minutes. We allow children to enter the classroom, but there is always a teacher who watches the process.

I. Karzhova: That is, on the one hand, the interests of the parents, and on the other, the ability of the school administration to competently resolve organizational issues, convincing parents that innovations will only benefit the child and the teaching staff will take all necessary measures. Parents need to decide for themselves: are we afraid of change, because it has always been like this and we are used to it, but is it difficult to change habits? Or do we want to keep our children healthy?

V. Pshikov: Each family is a separate life, separate problems. I come across such a category of parents who start their working day at 8.00 and earlier. Here, again, it all depends on the organization. Let's decide what percentage of children will come to eight. The director will probably be allowed to start classes at 8.30, his task is to defend his point of view.

A. Smolskaya: Parents are concerned that changes to the first shift schedule also affect other issues. The second shift ends late, let's say it will end even later. The child will not have time for any extra classes. For example, my daughter's lessons end at 18.40, at 19.00 - a circle. She runs out of school, has a bite to eat in the back seat of the car (it's good not to ride the bus yet!). All in a hurry, what kind of health is there ... The circle is two hours, that is, until 21.00. Children who study on the second shift are not able to do their homework in the evening, and in the morning they sleep until 12.00 if their parents do not check.

"SB": It has been heard more than once that the start time of classes will be discussed exactly where there are two shifts. How many directors are ready for such a discussion? Or just automatically set the start of classes at 9.00?

O. Litvinova: Sitting next to us is the director of the gymnasium, who tells how six years ago he organized the beginning of classes at 9.00, weighing all the pros and cons. And that suited everyone. The next moment is the force of habit, therefore, no matter what we are offered, the first reaction is negative. I often hear her: “No way! We need it at eight o'clock!" And then this person immediately says that when he took the child to school at eight, he came to work 20 minutes earlier: “I would be better at 8.30” ... For example, my working day always started at 8 in the morning. And for me, the beginning of classes at 8.00 is already too late. But do not adapt to me, moving it to 7.00 or 7.30?

V. Pshikov: I would like the discussion, including on the Internet, to be correct. Because often it, unfortunately, turns into just swearing. By the way, I started working at a rural school, and our classes always started exactly at 9.00. And I knew what it was like to get to the school from the neighboring villages, by 8.00 it was simply unrealistic.

O. Litvinova: We still need to understand what is more important for us: good for the child or convenient for the parents?

Anna Smolskaya: You know, there will always be dissatisfied people who don't like it. In my opinion, each school should simply have the right to choose when it is convenient for it to organize the educational process. And here, unfortunately, they are also unlikely to take into account the health of the child.

O. Litvinova: And very sorry. It is necessary to pay attention to the topic of children's health, like no other. Just sanitary norms and rules make it possible to look at such a component.

V. Pshikov: Let's look at the organization of schoolchildren's educational activities from the inside. Today, most parents are outraged by the start of classes at 9 o'clock, not because they are uncomfortable with work, because we let a lot go by chance in communicating with the child. Children have colossal workloads, which often do not depend on the school and which are not given attention in families. They tell me that they did classes with children until 23.00 or 24.00 - this is not normal! Naturally, having come to school in the morning, such a child is unable to work.

A. Smolskaya: It won't be operational even at 9 am...

O. Litvinova: If the time interval of a night's sleep increases, of course, performance will improve. The average sleep duration for an elementary school student is 10 hours.

V. Pshikov: We somehow forget about the attitudes of the Soviet school. The outstanding teacher Sukhomlinsky wrote that schoolchildren should take an hour and a half for a walk before they sit down for lessons. The second condition is that elementary school children should go to bed no later than nine in the evening. Here is the area of ​​responsibility of the parent, because it’s easier for us to turn on the TV, give the child a set-top box or tablet. I came across a situation where parents said that their children do not have time to do their homework. Why? Five times a week, music lessons, sports, tutors, as a result, by Saturday the child does not fit ...

American scientists are sure that modern children suffer from chronic lack of sleep. The experts told VM about the pros and cons of the second shift.

Disputes about what time classes should start at school have been going on for a long time and at different levels: teachers are arguing, officials are arguing, doctors are arguing and, in the end, the students themselves are arguing. Over the past 30 years, the time at which the bell rang for the first lesson has changed several times in Russian schools, ranging from 8 to 9 in the morning. Some were "lucky" (and maybe not even in quotes) to study on the second shift, when classes began in the afternoon.

As we wrote earlier, there is no consensus among teachers about the second shift. Some believe that well-rested children are much more productive, better learn the material, have more interest in subjects. On the other hand, with such a daily routine, there is practically no time left for extracurricular activities. It makes no sense to go to circles and sections in the morning - after all, you need to get enough sleep, otherwise why study on the second shift? In the evening you need to do your homework, and sometimes you need to relax.

I myself remember how we studied on the second shift, - says educational psychologist Anna Burmistrova. - Classes alternately transferred to the first, then to the second. And those who came to school in the morning envied those who came almost at noon. But it took a week to study on the second shift, as everyone understood - nothing good. Today's educational program involves an even greater burden on children, and it is difficult for children to even have time to do all the "homework", not to mention entertainment and sports sections.

In the course of a study conducted by American scientists, two groups of schoolchildren were studied. The first lesson began at 07:50, the second came to the first lesson at 8:45. The performance of the second group increased by five percent.

However, even taking into account the biological characteristics of people of different ages, psychologists warn: teenagers themselves can turn the thesis about adolescent “owls” into an effective “excuse”.

Naturally, putting a teenager to bed at 10 pm is unrealistic, says psychologist Daria Chunina. - At the same time, parents need to be prepared for manipulation. To the phrase: "Go to bed, it's already two in the morning," they can contrast the scientific fact: "I'm a teenager, I'm a night owl, I can't fall asleep this early." You need to know the measure in everything. Children always think that their energy is endless, but nervous exhaustion accumulates, and more or less severe stress can cause a nervous breakdown. In general, scientists agree that the beginning of the school day is a case when half measures will be in demand. It will be effective to transfer the call to the first lesson for an hour or two, but not for half a day.

The President of Belarus proposed to consider in the Parliament the issue of starting school classes not at 8 am, but at 9 am. “An hour for a child to sleep in the morning is a good deed. He won't fall asleep early in the evening anyway. As some teachers say: wake up at 7 in the morning - go to bed earlier. Remember yourself: often did you go to bed early? - said the Belarusian leader during a speech in the Oval Hall on October 7.

As noted Candidate of Medical Sciences, pediatrician Viktor SOLNTSEV, sleep is an important component of a healthy psycho-emotional state of children. In addition, if a first-grader sleeps less than 7-8 hours a day, his performance decreases by 30%. Therefore, from a medical point of view, an extra hour of sleep will benefit the child.

The beginning of classes at the school is regulated by sanitary standards. They stipulate that classes should not start before 8.00 and end after 20.00. At the same time, in many educational institutions there is an unspoken recommendation not to assign control, independent, laboratory and other important types of work to the first lessons.

By the way, in many rural schools in Belarus, classes already begin at 9.00. The first lesson in lyceums is usually set at 8.30. This is due to the need to take into account the interests of children who come to study from distant areas of a large city, and sometimes from the suburbs.

Not so simple

The director of one of the Minsk schools believes that the postponement of the start of classes at the school can turn into unexpected problems. So, parents whose working day starts at 8.00 will face a problem: what to do with their son or daughter, students in the first grade, before the start of school lessons? Be late for work and bring the child to class on your own or “connect” grandparents?

Also, a later start of the school day can cause problems in educational institutions where there is a second shift. The shift in the morning schedule will also affect the start of classes for the students of the second shift, therefore, the lessons for them will end later. In some cases, children will return home closer to 8 pm. Or the lesson will have to last less than 45 minutes.

And how are they?

In Russia and Ukraine, the start time of lessons at school is 8.00. However, as with us, in some cases it may change. For example, in some educational institutions in Moscow, Kyiv and other large cities, due to traffic congestion, classes can start at 8.30 or 9.00. Most often, studies begin at 8 am in Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia.

In some schools in China, classes start at 7:30 am, in Japan at 8:45 am, in the US between 8 and 9 am, and in Australia students come to class by 9 am.