Presentation of the project "Diversity of the nature of the native land" presentation for a lesson on the world around (Grade 3) on the topic. Homeland Nature Diversity Project Homeland Nature Diversity Project presentation

MAOU secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects secondary school No. 50 in Yekaterinburg

PROJECT "Diversity of the nature of the native land"

URAL

Completed by a student of class 3B KHODYREV BOGDAN

Project goals:- to form students' ideas about the diversity of the nature of their native land, - to acquaint them with the characteristics of groups of animals and plants, - to instill a sense of responsibility for all living things that surround us, - to develop logical thinking, imagination, observation, - to promote the upbringing of a careful attitude to the world around us, development of moral and aesthetic qualities

Tasks:- to study the flora and fauna of the native land, - to systematize knowledge about medicinal plants, - to instill a sense of responsibility for all living things that surrounds us, a feeling of love for nature, - to raise the level of consciousness among students for purity in nature, - to instill a sense of pride in our beloved Motherland, - develop attention, intelligence

Nature is everything that surrounds us and is not made by human hands.

The nature of our region is diverse, rich, beautiful!

The Urals is a unique geographic region that crosses the border of two continents: Europe and Asia. From the west of the Urals lies the West European Plain, from the east - the East Siberian Lowland. In the center of the region is the Ural mountain system. The length of the Ural Mountains is about 2500 km - from the Arctic Ocean to the deserts of Kazakhstan.

In the Urals, huge areas are reserved for nature reserves and reserves, the area of ​​​​some of them is larger than the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsmall European states, therefore, here nature lovers are met by a species diversity of both flora and fauna that has no analogues in Europe.

Woodpecker

Woodpeckers are black birds with red spots on the head and abdomen. They have a flexible tongue almost the same length as the beak. In early March, the woodpecker starts knocking on the tree and attracts the female. Nests are not built, but hollows are hollowed out. They lay from 2 to 8 eggs in them, which will lie on the dust at the bottom of the hollow. The parents take turns sitting on the eggs. The chicks are fed very often. They quickly fly from tree to tree and get food from under the bark, with their beak they get to the passages in which larvae and insects are located. With a long tongue covered with brushes and dipped in sticky saliva, the woodpecker easily takes prey out of these passages. In winter, it feeds on the seeds of coniferous trees. To extract the seeds, the woodpecker hollows out a small depression in the tree trunk, places a plucked cone in it, then peels it, taking out the seeds, and throws it empty. It is believed that during the day he exfoliates 100 cones, and during the winter several thousand cones will lie near this place. In spring, birch trees are hollowed out and the sap is drunk. At the end of summer they feed on ripe berries.

Cabbage butterfly

This beautiful light butterfly can be seen on the edges, meadows, in gardens. These light creatures of nature rise into the sky to a height of 20 - 70 meters, and can reach a decent speed of 20 - 30 km / h. Body length 30 mm, covered with fine hairs, consists of head, thorax and abdomen. She has 6 legs, each leg has two sharp claws. The jaws are a proboscis twisted in a spiral. When she drinks flower nectar, her proboscis straightens, her eyes are large. The long pair of antennae is very sensitive. Vision and sense of smell are well developed. The cabbage has two pairs of wings covered with scales. Feeds on the nectar of flowers, no harm to our nature. But her offspring is a disaster for gardeners. During the season, the female lays eggs 2-3 times. She will lay about 100 eggs, and fly away, no longer thinking or caring about her offspring. After a week, caterpillars emerge from the eggs. They eat the juicy flesh of the leaves. In the state of a caterpillar, it will stay for 2 to 4 weeks. Birds are reluctant to peck cabbage caterpillars, because these secrete a poisonous secret for protection.

Grasshopper

Grasshoppers are among the oldest orders of insects, they evolved about 300 million years ago. A distinctive feature of grasshoppers is very long antennae, exceeding the length of the body. The front pair of wings is modified into leathery elytra. The left wing is on top of the right. The females have an ovipositor, elongated and flattened laterally. And male grasshoppers are able to chirp, rubbing their raised elytra against each other. At the bases of the elytra there are elements of the sound apparatus. Raising the elytra, the grasshopper quickly vibrates them, amplifying the sound power of the chirp. When the grasshopper raises its wings higher, its chirring sounds lower in tone, but louder. Sounds made by males indicate that the territory is occupied or serve to attract females. Grasshoppers are predators, they feed on other small insects, such as the Colorado potato beetle, butterfly caterpillars, which makes them useful to humans. However, they can also bring some harm, as they also consume plant foods, eat the buds and young leaves of cultivated plants. They overwinter in the soil in the phase of eggs laid in small groups or singly. In the spring, larvae emerge from the eggs. They develop 50-70 days, passing 5-7 instars. Grasshoppers inhabit inconvenient areas overgrown with weeds and shrubs, usually the slopes of foothills and ravines.

Chafer

The cockchafer is one of the most famous insects. And far from the best. Beetle larvae are terrible pests. They live in the ground, eating the roots and stems of the plant. Beetle larvae are unusually voracious, and a dozen of them can destroy all vegetation on one square meter. Adult beetles also like to eat. They gnaw on young leaves on trees. For almost all five years, the cockchafer lives underground. The first summer feeds on humus and grass roots. For the winter, the larvae climb to a depth of one and a half meters, and in the spring they again move closer to the roots. In the second year, the larvae feed on the roots of young trees. In the third year, the larvae reach a size of 5-6 centimeters - and are able to gnaw through the root of even an adult tree. In the fourth year of life, the larva turns into a pupa, after a month or two - into a beetle. And these young beetles continue to live underground - until next spring. And closer to May, when it becomes warm and foliage appears on the trees, May beetles begin their flights.

Wasp

This insect has a striped abdomen and a pair of transparent wings. The wasp is a predatory insect. She feeds her larvae with protein food. In each nest, the female places a live animal (bee, fly, caterpillar, spider) obtained during the hunt and lays an egg in its body. Thus, the larva is provided with live food for the entire period of development. The entrance to the nest is tightly sealed, the wasp does not return to it, but immediately starts building a new nest and preparing a new insect for the next larva. The young wasp climbs out on its own. Adult insects feed on the nectar of flowers and ripe juicy fruits. Often we have to drive these obsessive insects away from jam, compotes, fruits, as well as watermelons and berries. During the hot summer, wasps pose a serious threat not only to beekeepers, as they are able to completely destroy the bee colony, but also to humans: they are aggressive and can attack for no reason. The sting of wasps has no notches, they can sting many times. Very dangerous bites in the face, mouth. It is recommended to apply a lotion with ammonia diluted with water, lubricate the affected area with plantain juice, parsley, apply ice, apply any antihistamine and immediately hospitalize the victim in a medical facility

leeches

Leeches are a subclass of annelids. Most representatives live in fresh water. . The body length of different representatives varies from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters. The largest representative is up to 45 cm. All leeches are predators, feeding on the blood of most warm-blooded animals or mollusks, worms, etc.; , there are also species that do not feed on blood, but swallow prey whole (for example, mosquito larva, earthworm). In the intestines of a leech, blood is digested slowly, and therefore, having satiated, a leech can remain without food for a long time - about a year and a half. They live mainly in fresh water or wet grass. An interesting way of moving leeches. At both ends of the worm there are suction cups with which it can attach itself to underwater objects. The leech sticks to them with its front end, bends into an arc, and moves.

Bumblebee

Bumblebees are large densely hairy bees. These beneficial insects tirelessly rush from flower to flower and therefore are the most valuable pollinators. The proboscis of bumblebees is very long, and with its help they easily reach the nectar of flowers with narrow and deep corollas. Bumblebees nest in the ground or in another convenient place. An abandoned mouse hole, a moss tussock, a hollow, a squirrel's nest, a birdhouse - everything is suitable for this purpose. Worker bumblebees have a pollen collecting apparatus on their hind legs; it consists of a "basket" and a "brush". Getting dirty in flower pollen, bumblebees carry it from flower to flower and pollinate plants. Bumblebees sting less painfully than wasps and bees. In addition, they are less agile and much more peaceful. Therefore, mice, badgers, foxes often attack their nests and eat bumblebee honey, larvae and pupae. For bumblebees, the plowing of land and the treatment of land with pesticides turned out to be critical factors. Flowering meadows disappear, fertilizers are applied - and the tireless bumblebees buzz less and less often in spring. The number of this species of insects is at a critically low level due to intensive grazing and haymaking - both of which lead to the death of nests.

Ants

Ants, as representatives of a group of insects, are familiar to every person. They are distributed everywhere, except for Antarctica and the Far North. About 10 thousand species of these insects are known. Their body sizes range from 8 to 30 mm. Coloration from light yellow to black. Most species have developed venom glands that secrete formic acid. Their communities are more complex than that of bees; families number up to 1 million individuals in an anthill. They also have their own pastures. They remove aphids and milk them. These insects feed on invertebrates, flower nectar, fungi, plant seeds, and aphids.

Mole

Moles are small underground animals with a body length of 4 to 20 cm. They have a coat color from black to dark gray. Mole hair grows straight, which allows them to move freely underground in any direction. Weigh from 8 to 160 grams. Vision is poor, in some species the eyes are completely covered with skin, but the sense of touch and smell are very well developed. The mole digs the ground with its front paws and, unlike mice and other rodents, does not gnaw the ground with its front incisors, therefore it lives in places of soft ground. Moles feed on earthworms, May beetles, pupae of various butterflies. In search of food, they make long transitions in the ground (at a depth of 0.5 to 2 meters) and can dig up to 60 meters of underground galleries per day. In search of food, moles damage the roots of trees and various crops, in connection with this, people try to fight them with chemical means, thereby killing these cute and useful animals (the benefit of moles is that they loosen the soil, contributing to its moisture and aeration , and also destroy a large number of pests).

Hedgehog

Approximately fifteen million years ago, hedgehogs appeared on our planet. Most of them have tails. It is short - only three centimeters, invisible, because it hides under the needles. A hedgehog has about ten thousand spines. Every three years they are gradually updated. Needles grow long enough, about a year. By nature, hedgehogs are blind, although they are able to distinguish colors. However, they have a keen sense of smell and incredibly acute hearing. There are thirty-six teeth in the mouth, as in humans, they can fall out in old age.

PIKE

The pike is common in fresh waters, lives in water thickets, stagnant or low-flowing waters. The length of the fish is up to 1.5 meters, weight is up to 35 kg. The head is large, the mouth is wide. The coloration is variable, depending on the environment: depending on the nature and degree of development of the vegetation, it can be gray-green, gray-yellow, the back is darker, the sides with large brown spots. Feeds mainly on fish. Pike females begin to breed in the fourth, less often in the third year of life. Spawning occurs at a temperature of +3-6 degrees immediately after the ice melts. The fish are in shallow water and splash noisily. Depending on the temperature of the water, the development of eggs takes 8-14 days, the larvae that hatch from it are 6-7 mm in length. In the reservoir, the pike stays in the thickets of aquatic vegetation, usually it stays motionless there and, hiding, suddenly rushes to the prey. Caught, it is almost always swallowed from the head - if the pike grabbed it across the body, then, before swallowing, it quickly turns its head into the throat. Pike is quite widely bred in pond farms. This fish is also an important object of sport and recreational fishing.

HARE-RUSAK

The hare is quite large, the body is up to 70 cm long, weighs from 4 to 7 kg. Its summer color is gray, slightly brownish, its coat is shiny, silky. Winter fur is slightly lighter than summer fur. The hare sheds in spring and autumn. Rusak loves open spaces: fields, meadows, edges, clearings, clearings. Rarely lives in coniferous forests. Occurs along rivers, in ravines near grain fields and near villages (especially in winter). Hares are usually active at dusk and at night. During the day lies in shallow holes under a bush, behind a fallen tree or in a haystack. Can rest in abandoned burrows of badgers, foxes and marmots. The hare runs fast, its speed is up to 50 km / h along a straight road. Confuses traces. He knows how to swim well. Like all hares, hares are quiet animals: they emit a piercing cry only when they are caught or injured. The female calls the hares, making quiet sounds. And the hare knocks with its paws, like a drum. They feed on shoots, bark of trees and shrubs, seeds, grass, and in the fields - sunflower, buckwheat, vegetables, watermelons. Brown hares live 5-7 years, some up to 10. Foxes, wolves, lynxes, eagles and, of course, people prey on hares. Hunters exterminate hares in large numbers, so now there are not as many hares as before. Hares also die due to the fact that they eat crops treated with poisons from pests in the fields. Scientists urge to treat these animals more carefully.

Elk

Elk is an artiodactyl mammal, the largest species of the deer family. The body length of an elk can reach up to three meters, and the height at the withers is up to 2.5 meters, the length of the tail of the animal can vary from 12-15 cm. This is a very calm and peaceful animal, even despite its formidable and awesome appearance. Elk's favorite food is shoots of fir, pine, willow, mountain ash, raspberries, bird cherry, wild rose, lingonberries, and blueberries. It is estimated that an elk eats about five tons of vegetation in a year. Moose antlers are shed in December, and new ones have time to grow by August. The most dangerous for moose are such enemies: wolves in packs, bears. Moose can reach speeds of up to 56 kilometers per hour. They are excellent swimmers, and can swim at speeds up to 10 kilometers per hour. Moose can even dive and hold their breath for up to 30 seconds. Moose have extremely sensitive noses. Wolves are aware of this property, so when attacked, they can sometimes grab the beast by the nose. From severe pain, the moose is paralyzed, and he cannot resist the predator. Moose can be domesticated.

Lilac

Shrub up to 6m high. Blooms at the end of May. The leaves are bright green, the roots are powerful. The flowers appear along with the leaves, with a strong fragrance. In autumn, lilac leaves do not turn yellow, fall green. It grows well in open sunny places with low groundwater. It tolerates poor soils, but blooms profusely and forms a beautiful shrub on fertile and medium-rich soils. In dry summers, young plants need to be watered. On poor soils, be sure to feed. Regular pruning in early spring maintains the shape of the bush, and cutting off some of the flowering shoots contributes to abundant flowering next year. Leaves and flowers are used in medicine.

Birch

The word birch means "bright, clear". Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs. Birch is the most common of our hardwoods and is the most important tree species found in forests. The bark is usually smooth, covered with a layer of cork tissue, birch bark, exfoliating in thin plates, more often white, yellowish or pink, in some it is gray, brown and even black. The leaves are entire, toothed, with pinnate venation. Flowers are collected in earrings. Propagated by seeds. The age of most representatives of the genus does not exceed 100-120 years, some trees reach 300 years. Most species are frost-resistant, undemanding to soils and photophilous. Widely used in carpentry, plywood, paper industry, interior decoration and all kinds of products. Tar is driven from birch bark, baskets, artistic carvings are made.

Rowan

Rowan ordinary - a tree up to 20 m high. It grows in coniferous-small-leaved forests, along the edges and clearings, as well as in bushes along the banks of rivers and lakes. It is often bred as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. In the spring it is covered with white, cream or cartose fragrant flowers, in the summer they are attractive because of their shiny leathery bright green leaves, which in September-October turn into a wonderful crimson hue, passing through the stages of yellow and orange. And finally, in late autumn and winter, they are decorated with chic clusters of shiny berries, the color of which is from pink, orange, bright red and brown. Rowan fruits are extremely rich in vitamin C and have long been used in home cooking for making wine, beer, jams, jams, jellies, jelly, desserts and sauces. They taste bitter and sour, so it is recommended to use them ready-made with the addition of sugar. They say that rowan berries taste sweeter after the first frost, but if you plan to use them - leaving them on the branches in anticipation of these very frosts, you risk being left without berries at all, because they are a favorite delicacy of birds.

strawberries

Wild strawberries grow in meadows, among bushes and in light forests, on edges and clearings. In our area, it is especially large and juicy. Strawberry rhizome is short, creeping shoots, rooting at the nodes (whiskers). Blooms in late May - early June, blooms all summer. The fruits ripen in late June - August. The leaves of strawberries are covered with silky hairs from below. Nature endowed them with the ability to regulate the moisture reserves in the bush. Wild strawberry is a valuable plant. This forest berry is a piggy bank of vitamins. The fruits contain substances useful for the human body: vitamin C, carotene, acids (malic, citric, salicylic), tannins, essential oils and trace elements: copper, manganese, chromium. Especially a lot of iron, which is in the seeds. The leaves are rich in vitamin C, tannins. Wild strawberry berries are eaten fresh, and are also used to make juices, decoctions, compotes, jams, syrups, and infusions. Medicinal raw materials are berries and leaves in fresh and dried form. Strawberries have long been used in folk medicine for almost all diseases. Strawberries are called the "queen" of the plant world, because it has the richest chemical composition. It is believed that this berry contains many substances that have not yet been studied, which, perhaps, make it so healing.

Nettle

There are a great many medicinal plants on the planet, but the real leader, who has received universal recognition, can be called, perhaps, one thing - nettle. This is a truly unique herb, in which areas of life it is not used by humans. So, in the past, threads, ropes, fishing nets were made from bast fibers obtained from nettles, and very durable fabrics were also made. In the 19th century, Europeans filtered honey through a nettle sieve and sifted flour. Nettle increases milk yield in cattle, as well as egg production in geese and chickens. Currently, nettle is successfully used in medicine and cooking - it is part of many pharmacy fees. Nettle is used for cosmetic purposes, it stops bleeding well. A delicious green borscht is prepared from nettles. In the hungry war and post-war 50s, nettle, along with quinoa and sorrel, was almost the main food of barefoot children. They ate it from early spring to late autumn, and their mothers managed to cook many dishes from this plant - cabbage soup, salads and liquid cakes. In our more satisfying life, nettle faded into the background and was almost completely forgotten about. But in vain, it has so many vitamins (A, C, K, B1, B2, B3) and all kinds of trace elements (copper, iron, calcium) that this plant alone can significantly fill the daily need of the human body for them.

CHAMOMILE

Chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant. The stem is erect, branched, 20 to 60 cm high. The root is thin, taproot, slightly branched. The leaves are alternate, sessile, 2-5 cm long. Flower baskets with white petals, in the middle with yellow flowers. Blooms from May to September. It grows along the edges of fields, roadsides, wastelands and meadows. The plant is widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. . Chamomile has excellent anti-inflammatory properties, chamomile preparations are indicated for insomnia, nervous strain. Chamomile is an antiviral agent and is used for colds and flu. Chamomile has a very beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, relieves spasms and inflammation. Helps heal wounds and cracks. Contains: copper, selenium, zinc, malic, salicylic, nicotinic acid. Widely used in cosmetology. Relieves inflammation, redness, skin irritation

Pine

Translated from Latin, the word “pine” means “rock”. Pines - tall trees, up to 35 m, live up to 150-200 years. The trunk is slender, with red-brown cracking bark. Pine is a photophilous plant. Pine is unpretentious to soils, and can grow both on dry sands and in conditions of high humidity. In pine forests, there are never wind-blown trees, because their roots go very deep into the soil. Pine is a medicinal plant. The whole tree is rich in resin. The resin heals the wounds on the tree. Mature pine cones are dull. Birds feed on pine seeds. Moose feed on young pine shoots.

bird cherry

Deciduous tree, sometimes bushy, about 10-17 m high, with simple toothed leaves. Blooms in April-June. The flowers are white, collected in long loose drooping brushes. Fruits in July. The fruit is a rounded drupe, green at first, black when ripe, 8-10 mm, sweet, strongly astringent.

burdock

Burdock (burdock) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a straight, hard, elastic, felt-pubescent stem. In the first year, very large basal leaves are formed on long, straight, succulent petioles. In the second year - a tall (up to 3 m) straight stem with small red-violet baskets of inflorescences located on the tops of the pedicels. Burdock blooms in June-August. It grows everywhere: in forests and shrubs, near housing, along ditches, in wet wastelands, along roads, etc. For medicinal purposes, roots, leaves and tops of burdock are used. Burdock preparations have wound-healing, diuretic and diaphoretic properties. They are used for certain skin diseases, inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract.

Plantain

Plantain grows along roadsides - hence its name. Plantain is a food plant for many butterflies. Plantain seeds are loved by small birds. For medicinal purposes, the herb and seeds of the plant are used. In folk medicine, plantain leaves are used externally for long-term non-healing wounds or ulcers. The leaves of the plant are used for cuts, abscesses, bruises, toothache. The juice from the leaves has an analgesic anti-inflammatory effect on the stings of bees, wasps, bumblebees and even snakes. This plant is used in the treatment of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent in diseases of the bronchopulmonary system. Seeds containing a lot of mucus are used as a strong enveloping and soothing agent for inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes and intestines.

viburnum

Viburnum vulgaris is a shrub 2-4 m high. The name "viburnum" got its name for the color of the fruit, similar to the color of red-hot iron. Viburnum blooms from late May to July, the fruits ripen in August-September. Kalina is a fast growing tree. Its annual growth reaches 30-70 cm. Viburnum lives up to the age of fifty. Kalina grows in mixed and deciduous forests, in wet meadows, along the banks of rivers, swamps, in thickets of shrubs, along the edges of forests, on the banks of lakes, in forest clearings with moist soil. Does not like dry soils and direct lighting. It is considered a plant unpretentious. In 1948, it was found that the bark of the common viburnum can serve as a medicinal raw material for obtaining a hemostatic extract. The bark is harvested in early spring when it is easier to remove. Viburnum has useful properties in all its parts: berries, seeds, bark, roots, flowers.

Tansy

Tansy is a perennial plant, the height of which reaches 150 centimeters. The rhizome of tansy is woody, long and branching. The plant has numerous stems that are branched at the top, slightly pubescent or glabrous. The lowermost leaves of the plant are petiolate, the rest are rigid and sessile. The leaves of tansy are alternate, dark green on the upper side, glandular with dots on the lower side. Medicinal raw materials for tansy are flower baskets, the collection of which is carried out during the period of full flowering. Inflorescences are cut with flowering stems no more than 2 centimeters long. The collected raw materials are dried in a well-ventilated area or in the shade under a canopy. Dried raw materials are stored in cloth bags or cardboard boxes for no more than 2 years.

Coltsfoot

Coltsfoot belongs to perennial herbs of the Asteraceae family. In medicine, the leaves of the coltsfoot are used in diaphoretic and nursing collections, and this herb can also be used as an expectorant. The color of the flowers is golden yellow. The leaves are basal and appear after the plant has faded, they are round-heart-shaped, slightly angular, rather dense, there are uneven denticles on the edge, from below and above the leaves are white tomentose. When you touch the leaves, they seem warm, the upper surface is bare, cold. Achenes in coltsfoot with tuft. The mother-and-stepmother usually grows on clay slopes, hills, over river cliffs, all sorts of embankments, in wastelands, in fields.

fly agaric

It grows singly and in small groups from June to autumn frosts. Mushrooms are very poisonous. Moose eat them with pleasure. They are useful for forest giants. Grows in coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests. They say that the fly agaric got its name because in old mushrooms the hat is bent up along the edges, forming a saucer. Water gets into this saucer and becomes poisonous to flies. Fly agaric is a beautiful mushroom, Moose only eat it Only very poisonous. And at the same time they say: - There is no more reliable medicine! Ate - and there is no temperature! Fly agaric is a medicinal mushroom, It is not poisonous to us.

Wide, free,

Native lands...

white birch,

My favorite

It stands like a candle, white,

She looks around:

Ripe rye nods to her,

The meadow bows to her.

Around so nice, sunny,

Wherever you look

Quiet over the lake

The reeds sway.

Float along a narrow stream

Ducklings in succession.

Love Russian nature

Keep it, my reader!

PROJECT

« Diversitynaturenativethe edges»

Completed by a student of the 3rd "B" class

Antishkina Yuna

Natural resource potential

The nature of the Kursk region is rich and varied. Here, in the forest-steppe zone, there are several tens of thousands of species of invertebrates and over three hundred vertebrates; there are 265 species of birds, the "main" of which is the famous Kursk nightingale, whose unique trills are considered the highest achievement of bird vocals.

nightingale sings

Reed warbler-badger - listed in the Red Book of the Kursk Territory

56 species of mammals live in the steppes and forests of the Kursk region: moose, hares, foxes, roe deer, wild boars, badgers, hedgehogs, ferrets, squirrels, and other animals.

About 30 species of fish are found in the reservoirs of the region. The most common are perch, gudgeon, roach, bleak, crucian carp, pike. Less numerous are bream, rudd, tench, ide, burbot, loach, pike perch, catfish.

On the territory of the region there is the Central Black Earth State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhine. Since 1979, the CCR has been included in the system of biosphere reserves of the UNESCO world network. Since 1998, the CCHZ has been a holder of a diploma from the Council of Europe.

Plants growing on the territory of the reserve:

Iris leafless

to

bathing suit

Photographs of insects taken in the Kursk State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhine.

peacock eye

stag beetle

Milk hawk

Land resources

Favorable climatic conditions and fertile soils of the Kursk region attach special value to land resources. Nature has rewarded our region with unique wealth - the most fertile black soil. A sample of the Kursk chernozem as a standard of fertile soil has been kept since the last century in the Museum of Soils in Paris, as well as in the Museum of Natural History in Amsterdam and in the Museum of Soil Science near Leipzig. Kursk chernozems are one of the main sources of development of the region's economy.

Kursk chernozem

The variety of soil and climatic features has made it possible for many centuries to intensively use the land potential for growing various crops and get rich harvests that meet the needs of the population not only in our region, but also in other regions.

The land fund of the Kursk region is 2.999 million hectares. The total area of ​​land used for agricultural production is 2.4 million hectares, including 1.9 million hectares of arable land.

forest resources

The forests of the Kursk region are classified as protective forests and are of great protective, water protection, sanitary-hygienic and environmental importance.

Forest tracts are distributed unevenly across the region. The western regions of the region are the richest in forests, the least forests are in the extreme eastern part of the region. On average, the forest cover is 8.2%, taking into account protective plantings - 10.1%.

The territory of the region is occupied mainly by deciduous forests. The most common are oak groves (oak forests), as well as birch, aspen, alder and willow forests.

"Khalinsky" forest

Water resources

The Kursk region is located in the basins of the Dnieper and Don rivers (78% and 22% of the region's territory, respectively). In total, there are 902 permanent and temporary watercourses in the region, of which 188 have a length of more than 10 km.

Of the most significant rivers in the Dnieper basin are the Seim (a tributary of the Desna) with its tributaries the Tuskar and Svapa, as well as the Psel (a tributary of the Dnieper). The Don basin is represented by the upper reaches of the Tim, Kshen, Olym, and Oskol rivers. In addition, there are 509 artificial reservoirs in the region - ponds and reservoirs, of which 150 have a filling volume of more than one million cubic meters, including 4 reservoirs with a filling volume of more than thirty million cubic meters.

River Seim

solid minerals

The Kursk region has mineral natural resources that are unique in volume and variety, capable of meeting the needs of the region, as well as, for some types of raw materials, other regions.

Almost a century ago, our region gained world fame due to the results of the discovery and research of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA), associated primarily with the world's largest iron ore reserves. In 2013, 90 years have passed since the day (April 7, 1923) of lifting the first core of iron ore from well No. 1 OK KMA near the town of Shchigry. This event marked the beginning of the development of the KMA and opened the veil over the centuries-old mystery of the magnetic field anomalies.

Iron ore quarry

The project on the world around was prepared The project on the world around was prepared by a 3rd grade student of the Pikhtovskaya secondary school Zubkova, a 3rd grade student of the Pikhtovskaya secondary school Alena Zubkova, under the guidance of a primary teacher Alena, under the guidance of a teacher of primary native land "native land" classes Zubkova L.V. classes Zubkova L.V. "Diversity of nature" Diversity of nature

get acquainted with the diversity of the animal world of Novosibirsk get acquainted with the diversity of the animal world of Novosibirsk expansion of ideas about the diversity of the animal world region, then we will be more careful about his native region, then we will be more careful about his Project goal: Project goal: regions. areas. Project objectives: Project objectives: NSO. NSO. riches. riches.

Nature is different in different parts of the world. In Russia, in different places, nature can be different, very different from the nature of other places. Therefore, the native nature for each person has its own. This is our Novosibirsk region.

Kudryashovsky forest is famous for its beauty in the Novosibirsk region Kudryashovsky forest is famous for its beauty

There are in the Novosibirsk region and there are in the Novosibirsk region and beautiful deciduous forests beautiful deciduous forests

Animal world of the Novosibirsk region Animal world of the Novosibirsk region is very rich and diverse very rich and varied  Here you can see different animals Here you can see different animals, hear the singing of birds. animals, hear birds singing. Many animals and birds are listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region. Many animals and birds are listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region. Novosibirsk region. Red Book

Brown bear Brown bear Body length 130200 cm, weight Body length 130200 cm, weight 100350 kg. 100350 kg.  In autumn, the bear's weight may increase In autumn, the bear's weight may increase. The feet of the brown increase. The feet of the brown bear are very wide, the toes of the bear are very wide, the fingers are armed with long, curved, armed with long, curved claws. claws.  A bear has 40 teeth. Wool A bear has 40 teeth. The coat is long, thick and rough, usually long, thick and rough, usually monochromatic. Coloring from monochromatic. Coloring from brownish yellow to dark brown brownish yellow to dark brown or completely black. Males or completely black. Males are much larger than females. much larger than females.  The brown bear is very sensitive and the Brown bear is very sensitive and cautious, avoids people, cautious, avoids people, therefore it is possible to lie in wait for him, therefore it is very rare to lie in wait for him. very rarely.

Elk Elk  Elk is a very large, strong and Elk is a very large, strong and beautiful animal. Body height is a beautiful animal. The height of the body of the elk is 235 centimeters, the elk is 235 centimeters, the length is about 3 meters. This one is about 3 meters long. This giant weighs from 350 to 550; the giant weighs from 350 to 550 kilograms. Moose are characterized by a kilogram. Moose are characterized by large antlers. big horns.  This is his real pride. This is his real pride and distinctive pride and distinguishing feature. The weight of one horn is a dash. The weight of one horn is 25 kilograms. Po is 25 kilograms. The shape of the horn resembles a branch or the shape of the horn resembles a branch or a shovel. The horns are present only for the shovel. Horns are present only in males. The legs of an animal in males. The legs of the animal are long and strong. Elk are also long and strong. Moose are also excellent swimmers. knows how to swim very well.

Squirrel Squirrel  Squirrel has a slender, small body Squirrel has a slender, small body. Its length is from 20 to the body. Its length is from 20 to 40 centimeters. The tail is fluffy, and 40 centimeters. The tail is fluffy, and its length is equal to the length of the body. Rarely, its length is equal to the length of the body. Squirrels are rarely found, the weight of which is met by proteins whose weight exceeds 1 kilogram. exceeds 1 kilogram.  This animal has excellent This animal has well-developed hind limbs, developed hind limbs, allowing him to make long jumps allowing him to make long jumps up to 4 meters. The tail helps jumping up to 4 meters. The tail helps to maintain or change the balance of the body to maintain or change the balance of the body during the jump. during the jump.  The color changes depending on the color The color changes depending on the seasons. In summer, their coat is red, seasons. In summer, their coat is red, and in winter it changes to gray, and in winter it changes to gray, with a bluish tint. bluish tint.

WolfWolf  Common wolf (or gray wolf) - The common wolf (or gray wolf) is a large predatory animal. Body length is a large predatory beast. The body length of an adult wolf can reach 180 cm. An adult wolf can reach 180 cm, and a height of 90 cm. The weight of a wolf is from 30 cm, and the height is 90 cm. The weight of a wolf is from 30 to 50 kg, some of the largest up to 50 kg, some of the largest Animals can weigh up to 80 Animals can weigh up to 80 kilograms. Female wolf usually. Female wolves are usually kilograms smaller than male wolves. The muzzle of the wolf is smaller than the male wolves. The muzzle of the wolf is elongated, the teeth are sharp and strong. The paws are elongated, the teeth are sharp and strong. The paws are quite long, the claws are not very long, the claws are not very sharp, as they grind down while sharp, as they grind down while running. Wool usually light grey, Wool usually light grey, running. happens with black, white or reddish happens with black, white or reddish tint. With age, the color of the coat has a tinge. With age, the color of a wolf's coat can change greatly. wolf can change a lot.

Fox Fox  Fox - one of the most beautiful Fox - one of the most beautiful predatory animals. She has graceful carnivorous animals. She has a graceful elongated body, slender legs, an elongated body, slender legs, a long fluffy tail. Head with a long fluffy tail. Head with pointed muzzle and large pointed muzzle and large erect ears. The size of a fox with the size of a fox with erect ears. small dog. Body length of a small dog. The body length of an adult is from 60 to 90, an adult is from 60 to 90 cm, the length of the tail is from 40 to 60 cm. The weight is cm, the length of the tail is from 40 to 60 cm. The weight of a fox usually does not exceed 10 kg. foxes usually do not exceed 10 kg. The fur of the fox is long and fluffy, but the fur of the fox is long and fluffy, for the most part it is colored red. most of it is reddish. The belly is more often white, less often - The belly is more often white, less often - black. During the year the fox is twice black. During the year, foxes molt twice, changing their fur now to winter - they molt, changing their fur now to winter - thick and long, then to summer - thick and long, then to summer - rare and short. rare and short.

HareHare  The body of a hare The body of a hare is slender, slightly compressed, slender, slightly compressed from the sides, its length in some species from the sides, its length in some species reaches 6870 cm. The weight of a hare can reach 6870 cm. The weight of a hare can exceed 7 kg. Ears reach in exceed 7 kg. The ears reach a length of 9 to 15 cm. Due to the ears, the length is from 9 to 15 cm. Thanks to the ears, the hearing of the hare is better developed than the hearing of the hare is better developed than the sense of smell and vision. Hind limbs Hind limbs sense of smell and sight. in the hare they have long feet and in the hare they have long feet and are more developed than the front ones. The speed is developed more than the front ones. The speed of a hare can reach 80 km/h. A hare can reach 80 km/h. And the ability to suddenly change the ability to suddenly change the direction of running and jump sharply in the direction of running and jump sharply to the side allows these animals to get rid of the pursuit of enemies: get rid of the pursuit of enemies: wolf, wolf foxes run up the slopes, but run down the slopes on the slopes, but you have to go down head over heels. have to go downhill. foxes, owls. . Hares are good Hares are good

Project around the world "Diversity of the nature of the native land" Prepared by a 3rd grade student MBOU "Yutanovskaya secondary school" Egor Temnikov Head: Temnikova I.N. The purpose of the project: to get acquainted with the diversity of the animal world of the Belgorod region. Project objectives: expanding understanding of the diversity of the animal world of the Belgorod region Hypothesis: I suppose that if we know more about our native land, we will be more careful about its riches.

Nature is different in different parts of the world. In Russia, in different places, nature can be different, very different from the nature of other places. Therefore, the native nature for each person is his own.

There is native nature - a simple forest, an ordinary green lawn, familiar birds, simple familiar flowers. To those who live here, such nature will seem too uncomplicated. And for those who have not seen this before, on the contrary, it is very romantic, unusual.

And for me it has become such a homeland Belgorod region.

Nature is what the Belgorod region is rich in. It cannot be said that the nature of the region is very diverse, but it has enough picturesqueness. Basically, the territory of the region is hills, meadows, steppes and plains. In spring, hills, meadows, forests are covered with a variety of flowers, and when the heat comes, all this herbs fill the air with an indescribable aroma.

Since nature is under threat in our time, in connection with this, work is being carried out in the region to preserve nature. For this, trees are planted in the region, and nature protection zones have been created. Mineral waters are the pride of our region: medical-table, radon and others.

The territory of the Belgorod region belongs to the category of low-water, because rivers, lakes and swamps occupy only 1%. The largest rivers are Oskol and Seversky Donets, Nezhegol.

There are more than 15,000 species of animals in our region.

Animal world

Currently, there are approximately 350 species of vertebrates in the Belgorod region. animals.

Among mammals (about 60 kinds) the largest are ungulates: moose, wild boars, roe deer, spotted deer, which are listed in the Red Book

Rodents: marmots, ground squirrels, mole rats, various types of mice that bring certain harm to the fields.

Hare- the hare is one of the most numerous hunting animals in the region.

Squirrel currently lives mainly in the west of the region.

• There are many kinds of predators in the region. small and medium sizes

ermine

forest and steppe ferrets

Squirrel

pine and stone martens

The wolf is the largest predator in the area

raccoon dog

Mammals whose life is closely connected with reservoirs are rare.

river otter

European mink

• On the territory of the region there are 208 species of birds, nightingales, and others.

Birds

In settlements and near them live:

dove

ringed turtledove

martin

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number white stork.

In fields and meadows there are:

lark

wagtail

corostels

quail

From reptiles in the area There are at least two types of snakes: snake and common viper

reptiles

steppe viper

Agile and viviparous lizards are widespread.

• Amphibians are represented by 3 types:

Amphibians

lake moor frog

pond moor frog

common toad

green toad

crested newt

common newt

Fish

About 30 species of fish live in the reservoirs, of which 10 are commercial.

Estimated specialists, within the territory of Belgorod region live:

• insects at least 9000 species,
• up to 300 types spiders,
• at least 50 types crustaceans,
• up to 100 types shellfish.

Insects

arachnids

Shellfish and worms

branchiopods

Shellfish.

Native nature is all water bodies, and the bowels of the earth, minerals, all the animals that are found in our Belgorod region, all the plants that grow here.

Our nature is very rich and deserves to be protected!