Where and when was Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov born? Alexander Griboyedov - biography, information, personal life. last years of life

A.S. Griboyedov is a famous Russian playwright, a brilliant publicist, a successful diplomat, one of smartest people of his time. He entered as the author of one work - the comedy "Woe from Wit". However, Alexander Sergeevich's work is not limited to writing the famous play. Everything that this man undertook bears the imprint of a unique giftedness. His fate was adorned with extraordinary events. The life and work of Griboedov will be briefly outlined in this article.

Childhood

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich was born in 1795, on January 4, in the city of Moscow. He was brought up in a wealthy and well-born family. His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired second major at the time of the boy's birth. Alexander's mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, bore the same maiden name as her married one, Griboedova. The future writer grew up as an unusually developed child. At the age of six, he already knew three foreign languages. In his youth, he became fluent in Italian, German, French and English. (Ancient Greek and Latin) were also for him open book. In 1803, the boy was sent to a noble boarding school at Moscow University, where he spent three years.

Youth

In 1806, Alexander Sergeevich entered Moscow University. Two years later he became a candidate of verbal sciences. However, Griboyedov, whose life and work are described in this article, did not leave his studies. He entered first the moral and political department, and then - the physics and mathematics. The brilliant abilities of the young man were obvious to everyone. He could have made a great career in science or in the diplomatic field, but war suddenly burst into his life.

Military service

In 1812, Alexander Sergeevich volunteered for the Moscow Hussar Regiment, commanded by Petr Ivanovich Saltykov. Colleagues of the young man were young cornets from the most famous noble families. Until 1815, the writer was on military service. His first literary experiments date back to 1814. Griboedov's work began with the essay "On Cavalry Reserves", the comedy "Young Spouses" and "Letters from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher".

in the capital

In 1816 Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov retired. The life and work of the writer began to develop according to a completely different scenario. He met A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker, became the founder of the Masonic lodge "Du Bien" and got a job in the diplomatic service as a provincial secretary. In the period from 1815 to 1817, Alexander Sergeevich, in collaboration with friends, created several comedies: Student, Feigned Infidelity, His Family or Married Bride. Griboyedov's work is not limited to dramatic experiments. He writes critical articles ("About the analysis of a free translation of the Burger's ballad "Lenora") and composes poetry ("Lubochny Theatre").

On South

In 1818, Alexander Sergeevich refused to work as an official in the United States and was appointed secretary to the tsar's attorney in Persia. Before the trip to Tehran, the playwright finished work on the play "Interlude Samples". Griboyedov, whose work was only gaining popularity, began to keep travel diaries on the way to Tiflis. These recordings revealed another facet of the writer's sparkling talent. He was an original author of ironic travel notes. In 1819, Griboyedov's work was enriched with the poem "Forgive, Fatherland." Around the same time, he was finishing work on "Letter to the publisher from Tiflis dated January 21". Diplomatic activity in Persia weighed heavily on Alexander Sergeevich, and in 1821, for health reasons, he moved to Georgia. Here he became close with Kuchelbecker and made the first rough sketches of the comedy Woe from Wit. In 1822, Griboyedov began work on the drama "1812".

metropolitan life

In 1823, Alexander Sergeevich managed to leave the diplomatic service for a while. He devoted his life to creating continued work on "Woe from Wit", composed the poem "David", the dramatic scene "Youth of the Prophet" and the cheerful vaudeville "Who is brother, who is sister or Deception after deception". Creativity Griboyedov, short description which is presented in this article, was not limited literary activity. In 1823, the first edition of his popular waltz "e-moll" was published. In addition, Alexander Sergeevich published discussion notes in the Desiderata magazine. Here he argues with his contemporaries on issues of Russian literature, history and geography.

"Woe from Wit"

In 1824 a great event took place in the history of Russian drama. Finished work on the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A.S. Griboyedov. The work of this talented person will forever remain in the memory of posterity precisely because of this work. The bright and aphoristic style of the play contributed to the fact that it completely "dispersed into quotations."

The comedy combines elements of classicism and innovative for that time realism and romanticism. The merciless satire on the capital's aristocratic society in the first half of the 19th century was striking in its wit. However, the comedy "Woe from Wit" was unconditionally accepted by the Russian public. From now on, everyone recognized and appreciated the literary work of Griboyedov. A brief description of the play cannot give a complete picture of the genius of this immortal work.

Back to the Caucasus

In 1825, Alexander Sergeevich had to abandon his intention to travel to Europe. The writer needed to return to the service, and at the end of May he went to the Caucasus. There he learned Persian, Georgian, Turkish and Arabic. On the eve of his trip to the south, Griboyedov finished translating the fragment "Prologue at the Theater" from the tragedy "Faust". He also managed to compile notes for the work of D.I. Tsikulin "Unusual adventures and travels ...". On the way to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich visited Kyiv, where he talked with prominent figures of the revolutionary underground: S.P. Trubetskoy, M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. After that, Griboyedov spent some time in the Crimea. Creativity, a summary of which is presented in this article, has received a new development these days. The writer conceived the creation of an epic tragedy about Baptism in Russia and constantly kept a travel diary, which was published only thirty years after the death of the author.

sudden arrest

After returning to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich wrote "Predators on Chegem" - a poem created under the impression of participation in the expedition of A.A. Velyaminov. However, another fateful event soon happened in the life of a writer. In 1926, in January, he was arrested on suspicion of belonging to a secret society of Decembrists. The freedom, life and work of Griboyedov were under threat. Brief study biography of the writer gives an idea of ​​the incredible tension he was in all these days. The investigation failed to find evidence of Alexander Sergeevich's involvement in the revolutionary movement. Six months later, he was released from custody. Despite the full rehabilitation, the writer was secretly monitored for some time.

last years of life

In 1926, in September, A.S. Griboyedov returned to Tiflis. He again engaged in diplomatic activities. Thanks to his efforts, Russia concluded the beneficial Turkmenchay peace treaty. Alexander Sergeevich himself delivered the text of the document to St. Petersburg, received the post of resident minister (ambassador) in Iran and left for his destination. On the way he made a stop in Tiflis. There he met with the grown-up daughter of his friend - Nina Chavchavadze. Struck by the beauty of the young girl, the writer immediately proposed to her. He married Nina a few months later - on August 22, 1828. Alexander Sergeevich took his young wife with him to Persia. This gave the happy spouse a few more weeks of living together.

Tragic death

In Persia, Alexander Sergeevich had to work hard. He constantly visited Tehran, where he conducted diplomatic negotiations in a very tough manner. The Russian emperor demanded inexorable firmness from his ambassador. For this, the Persians called the diplomat "hard-hearted." This policy has brought its tragic results. In 1929, on January 30, the Russian mission was destroyed by a crowd of rebellious fanatics. Thirty-seven people died at the embassy. Among them was A.S. Griboyedov. His torn body was subsequently identified only by his left hand injured in his youth. Thus perished one of the most gifted men of his time.

Griboyedov did not have time to complete many literary projects. Creativity, a brief description of which is offered in this article, is replete with unfinished works, talented sketches. One can understand what a gifted writer Russia lost at that moment.

The table of life and work of Griboyedov is presented below.

Even an abbreviated sketch of Griboedov's life and work gives an idea of ​​what an outstanding personality Alexander Sergeevich was. His life was short, but surprisingly fruitful. Until the end of his days, he was devoted to the Motherland and died defending its interests. These are the people our country should be proud of.

Years of life: from 01/15/1795 to 02/11/1829

Russian playwright, poet and diplomat, composer, pianist. Griboedov is known as homo unius libri, the writer of one book, the brilliant rhymed play Woe from Wit.

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a well-born family. The first Griboyedovs have been known since 1614: Mikhail Efimovich Griboedov received land from Mikhail Romanov in the Vyazemsky Voivodeship that very year. It is noteworthy that the writer's mother also came from the same Griboedov family, from another branch of it. The founder of this branch, Lukyan Griboyedov, owned a small village in Vladimir land. The maternal grandfather of the writer, although a military man, but possessing amazing taste and abilities, turned the Khmelity family estate into a real Russian estate, an island of culture. Here, in addition to French, Russian writers were read, Russian magazines were subscribed to, a theater was created, children received an excellent education for those times. The second, paternal branch of the Griboyedovs, was not so lucky. Griboyedov's father, Sergei Ivanovich, is a gambler and spendthrift, a desperate dragoon of the Yaroslavl Infantry Regiment.

In 1802, Griboedov was sent to the Noble Boarding School. Moreover, in French, German and music, he was immediately enrolled in the middle classes. In music and languages, he will remain strong throughout his life. Since childhood, knowing French, English, German and Italian, during his studies at the university he studied Greek and Latin, later - Persian, Arabic and Turkish and many other languages. He was also musically gifted: he played the piano, flute, he composed music himself. Until now, two of his waltzes are known (“Griboyedov Waltz”).

A year later, the boarding school had to be left due to illness, switching to home education. In 1806, A.S. Griboedov (at the age of 11) was already a student at Moscow University, who successfully graduated in 1808, receiving the title of candidate of literature, and in 1812, Alexander Sergeevich entered the ethical and legal department , and then to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.

During Patriotic War In 1812, when the enemy approached the border of Russia, Griboyedov joined (against his mother's wishes) the Moscow Hussar Regiment of Count Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Young people were seduced not only by the ideas of patriotism, but also by the beautiful black uniform, decorated with cords and gold embroidery (even Chaadaev moved from the Semenovsky regiment to the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment, carried away by the beauty of the uniform). However, due to illness, he long time absent from the regiment. Only at the end of June 1814 did he catch up with his regiment, renamed the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment, in the city of Kobrin, in the Kingdom of Poland. In July 1813, he will be seconded to the headquarters of the commander of the cavalry reserves, General A. S. Kologrivov, where he will serve until 1816 with the rank of cornet. It was in this service that Griboedov began to show his remarkable abilities in the field of diplomacy: he ensured friendly relations with the Polish nobility, settled conflicts that arose between the army and the local population, showing diplomatic tact. His first literary experiments also appeared here: “A Letter from Brest-Litovsk to a Publisher”, an essay “On the Cavalry Reserves” and a comedy “The Young Spouses” (translation of the French comedy “Le secret du Ménage”) - refer to 1814. In the article "On Cavalry Reserves" Griboyedov acted as a historical publicist.

In 1815, after the death of her father, her mother, Nastasya Fedorovna, in order to settle the faltering and complicated affairs of her late husband, offers A.S. Griboyedov to renounce the inheritance in favor of his sister Maria, whom the future writer dearly loved. Having signed the refusal, Griboedov is left without a livelihood. From now on, he will have to earn ranks and a fortune by his labor. New literary acquaintances in St. Petersburg, acquired during the holidays, literary success (Shakhovskaya himself was delighted with his first play, it was successfully staged in Moscow), the lack of prospects for military service - all this served as the reason that Griboyedov began the chores of resignation. However, when he was transferred to the civil service, none of his merits were taken into account (he did not participate in hostilities), and instead of the rank of collegiate assessor (8 in the Table of Ranks), which he petitioned for, he receives the rank of provincial secretary, one of the lowest ranks (12) in the Table of Ranks (for comparison: A.S. Pushkin will enter the service of the College of Foreign Affairs with the rank of collegiate secretary (10), which was considered a very modest achievement).

Since 1817 he served in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, got acquainted with A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker.

In 1818, Griboedov accepted the appointment of the secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission under the Persian Shah (1818 - 1821, Tiflis, Tabriz, Tehran) and did a lot to bring Russian prisoners home. This appointment was essentially a reference, the reason for which was the participation of Griboedov in a quadruple duel over the artist Istomina. A.P. Zavadovsky kills V.V. Sheremetev. The duel between Griboedov and A.I. Yakubovich has been postponed. Later, in 1818, in the Caucasus, this duel will take place. On it, Griboyedov will be wounded in the arm. It is by the little finger of the left hand that the corpse of the writer mutilated by the Persians will subsequently be identified.

Upon returning from Persia in November 1821, he served as a diplomatic secretary under the commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, General A.P. Yermolov, surrounded by many members of the Decembrist societies. Lives in Tiflis, works on the first two acts of Woe from Wit. However, this work requires more solitude, greater freedom from service, and therefore asks Yermolov for a long vacation. Having received a vacation, he spends it first in the Tula province, then in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

In January 1826, after the Decembrist uprising, Griboyedov was arrested on suspicion of being involved in a conspiracy. A few months later, he was not only released, but also received another rank, as well as an allowance in the amount of an annual salary. There really was no serious evidence against him, and even now there is no documentary evidence that the writer somehow participated in the activities secret societies. On the contrary, he is credited with a disparaging characterization of the conspiracy: “One hundred ensigns want to turn Russia over!” But, perhaps, Griboedov owes such a complete justification to the intercession of a relative - General I.F. Paskevich, a favorite of Nicholas I, who was appointed instead of Yermolov as commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Corps and commander-in-chief of Georgia.

During this period, A.S. Griboyedov manages to do a lot. He takes charge of diplomatic relations with Georgia and Persia, reorganizes Russian policy in the Transcaucasus, develops the “Regulations on the Administration of Azerbaijan”, with his participation the “Tiflis Vedomosti” was founded in 1828, a “workhouse” was opened for women serving sentences. A.S. Griboyedov, together with P. D. Zaveleysky, draws up a project on the “Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company” in order to raise the industry of the region. He negotiates with Abbas Mirza on the terms of the Russian-Persian peace, participates in peace negotiations in the village of Turkmanchay. It is he who draws up the final version of the peace treaty, which is extremely beneficial for Russia. In the spring of 1828, Alexander Sergeevich was sent to St. Petersburg with the text of the treaty. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; on the way to his destination, he spent several months in Tiflis, where he married Princess Nina Chavchavadze, daughter of the head of the Erivan region and the Georgian poet Alexander Chavchavadze.

On January 30, 1829, the Persian authorities provoked an attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran. A mob of Muslims, incited by fanatics, burst into the embassy building and massacred everyone who was there, including Griboyedov. The Russian government, not wanting a new military conflict with Persia, was satisfied with the Shah's apology. The Shah of Persia sent his son to Petersburg to settle the diplomatic scandal. In compensation for the spilled blood, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, among which was the Shah diamond. Once this diamond, framed by many rubies and emeralds, adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it is in the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. Griboyedov's body was brought to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) and buried in the monastery of St. David.

Griboyedov's date of birth is a special issue. The playwright himself indicated the year of birth as 1790. Judging by the confession books of the Church of the Nine Martyrs, in whose parish the Gribredovs were for many years, the year of his birth is 1795. There is also a version that he was born in 1794.

The son of A.S. Griboedov and N.A. Chavchavadze was born prematurely after the death of his father, was baptized Alexander, but died an hour after birth.

The wife of A.S. Griboyedov left on his tombstone following words:
“Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory,
But why did my love survive you!

Bibliography

Dramaturgy Griboyedov:
Dmitry Dryanskoy (comic tragedy) (1812)
Young Spouses (comedy in one act, in verse) (1814)
Your family, or a married bride (5 scenes for Shakhovsky's comedy) (1817)
Student (comedy in three acts, written together with P. A. Katenin) (1817)
Feigned Infidelity (comedy in one act in verse) (1817)
Interlude test (interlude in one act) (1818)
Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception (new vaudeville opera in 1 act together with P.A. Vyazemsky) (1823)
Woe from Wit (comedy in four acts in verse) (1824)
Georgian Night (excerpts from a tragedy) (1828)

Publicism Griboyedov:
Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher" (1814)
On Cavalry Reserves (1814)
On the analysis of the free translation of the Burgher's ballad "Lenora" (1816)
Particular cases of the St. Petersburg flood (1824)
Country trip (1826)

Date of birth: January 15, 1795
Date of death: February 11, 1829
Place of birth: Moscow

Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich- a talented Russian diplomat, Griboyedov A.S.- a famous playwright, a brilliant poet, a gifted pianist and composer, a real nobleman and State Councilor.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow. The future famous playwright, a wonderful poet, a wonderful pianist and composer, as well as a subtle diplomat and a convinced nobleman, was the descendants of Poles who moved to Russia in the 17th century. Their surname sounded like Grzhibovsky, but was translated into Russian.

His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired officer who, in his youth, drank and played cards from morning to evening. His mother came from the same Polish family, was a very strong and powerful woman, confident in herself and her abilities.

Alexander Griboyedov spent all his childhood in Moscow with his sister and in his mother's family estate in the Smolensk province. Many relatives from his very childhood were surprised at Griboyedov's perseverance and hard work, who played the flute and piano perfectly, sang beautifully, wrote poetry and composed musical opuses.

Like all nobles, he received an excellent home education under the guidance of I. D. Petrosilius, a well-known scientist. In 1803 he entered the boarding school at Moscow University, three years later he entered the verbal faculty, in 1808 he already defended his PhD in verbal sciences. After graduating from the Faculty of Literature, he entered the moral and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department.

He himself studied foreign languages and to varying degrees mastered French, German, English, Italian, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. AT student years he also communicated quite closely with many Decembrists.

Mature years:

In 1812, with the outbreak of the Patriotic War, Alexander Griboyedov voluntarily joined the army. He immediately gets into the hussar regiment, receives the rank of cornet. His cavalry unit stood in reserve throughout the war, he never saw a real battle. Immediately after the end of the war, Griboyedov resigned.

After the war, he settled in St. Petersburg, where he began to actively write for the magazines Son of the Fatherland and Vestnik Evropy. In 1817, he became a co-founder of the DuBien Masonic lodge, and also became an employee of the diplomatic department, the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. At first he worked as a provincial secretary, and then became a translator. It was in the Northern capital that he met Pushkin, who to a large extent influenced his development as a writer. Griboyedov was forced to leave St. Petersburg after an unsuccessful duel between Zavadovsky and Sheremetev.

In 1818, resigning from the post of diplomatic representative in America, he began to serve in the secretariat of the imperial attorney in Persia. He later ended up in Tiflis, where he met Yakubovich, with whom he had a score in the ill-fated duel in St. Petersburg. He was also forced to fight and was seriously wounded in his left hand. In 1821, due to a serious hand injury, he went to Georgia, where he began to work on Woe from Wit. A year later, he becomes a secretary under Yermolov.

In 1823 he returned to Russia and began to actively work on the completion of "Woe from Wit", he also actively works with many representatives of Russian literature. After about two years, he had to move to the Caucasus, where he stayed until 1826, and then was arrested as an accomplice in the Decembrist uprising.

No evidence was found, and therefore he was allowed to return to work in the Caucasus. He became an active participant in the development diplomatic relations between Russia, Persia and Turkey, was the initiator of the Turkmenchay peace treaty with Persia, which was beneficial for Russia, which became the final exact war between these countries. After that, he became the main representative of Russia in Persia. In 1828 Griboyedov married Nina Chavchavadze.

In 1829, on a January morning, radical Muslims attacked the Russian embassy in Tehran. During the attack, all the embassy employees were killed, including Griboyedov.

He was buried in Tiflis on Mount St. David. He was the initiator of the conclusion of an important diplomatic agreement between Russia and Persia, used a unique aphoristic method for constructing dialogues and narration in Woe from Wit, which was unique for his contemporaries, and was also one of the important propaganda tools of the Decembrists, using his work to expose the moral character of the nobles.

Important dates the life of Alexander Griboyedov:

Born in 1795
- Entered a noble boarding school at Moscow University in 1803
- Defense of the candidate's thesis and obtaining the title of candidate of verbal sciences in 1808
- Voluntary entry into the army in 1812
- The beginning of active literary cooperation with the capital's magazines in 1815
- Membership in the Masonic lodge, entering the diplomatic service, as well as participating in a duel between Sheremetev and Zavardovsky as a second in 1817
- Appointment to the Secretariat of the Persian Legation and duel with Yakubovich in 1818
- Moving to Georgia and starting work in the diplomatic mission of Yermolov in 1821
- Publication of "Woe from Wit" after returning to Russia in 1824
- Transfer to the Caucasus in 1825
- Arrest in the case of the Decembrists in 1826
- The conclusion of the Turkmenchay peace treaty after returning to diplomatic service, marriage to Nina Chavchavadze, transfer to Persia in 1828
- Attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran and death in 1829

Interesting facts from the life of Alexander Griboyedov:

Griboyedov was seriously wounded in his left hand in a duel with Yakubovich, this wound later became an opportunity to identify the writer's corpse after it was mutilated beyond recognition by the attackers on the embassy
- Griboyedov had no children, The only son gave birth after the death of Griboyedov and died shortly after birth
- Griboedov's wife was a 15-year-old girl who remained faithful to her husband until the end of her days
- Huge Diamond natural origin"Shah", which is the pride of the treasury of Russia, was presented to Emperor Nicholas II by Prince Khozrev-Mirza as an apology for the death of Griboyedov

From 1822 to 1826, Griboyedov served in the Caucasus at the headquarters of A.P. Yermolov, from January to June 1826 he was under arrest in the case of the Decembrists.

Since 1827, under the new governor of the Caucasus, I.F. Paskevich, he was in charge of diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia. In 1828, after the conclusion of the Turkmenchay peace, in which Griboyedov accepted Active participation and the text of which he brought to Petersburg, he was appointed "Minister Plenipotentiary" to Persia to ensure the fulfillment of the terms of the treaty.

In the same year, in August, Alexander Griboedov married eldest daughter his friend - a Georgian poet and public figure Alexandra Chavchavadze - Nina, whom he knew from childhood, often studied music with her. Having matured, Nina evoked in the soul of Alexander Griboedov, a man already mature, a strong and deep feeling of love.

They say she was a beauty: a slender, graceful brunette, with pleasant and regular features, with dark brown eyes, charming everyone with her kindness and meekness. Griboedov called her Madonna Murillo. On August 22, 1828, they were married at the Zion Cathedral in Tiflis. An entry has been preserved in the church book: "The Minister Plenipotentiary in Persia of His Imperial Majesty, State Councilor and Cavalier Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov entered into a legal marriage with the maiden Nina, daughter of Major General Prince Alexander Chavchavadzev ...". Griboyedov was 33 years old, Nina Alexandrovna was not yet sixteen.

After the wedding and several days of celebrations, the young spouses left for the estate of A. Chavchavadze in Kakheti in Tsinandali. Then the young couple went to Persia. Not wanting to endanger Nina in Tehran, Griboedov left his wife for a while in Tabriz, his residence of the plenipotentiary. Russian Empire in Persia, and went to the capital to present to the shah alone. In Tehran, Griboyedov was very homesick for his young wife, worried about her (Nina was very difficult to endure pregnancy).

On January 30, 1829, a mob, instigated by Muslim fanatics, defeated the Russian mission in Tehran. During the defeat of the embassy, ​​the Russian envoy Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was killed. The rampaging crowd dragged his mutilated corpse through the streets for several days, and then threw it into a common pit, where the bodies of his comrades were already lying. Later, he was identified only by the little finger of his left hand mutilated in a duel.

Nina, who was waiting for her husband in Tabriz, did not know about his death; worried about her health, those around her hid the terrible news. On February 13, at the urgent request of her mother, she left Tabriz and went to Tiflis. Only here she was told that her husband was dead. The stress caused her to give birth prematurely.

On April 30, the ashes of Griboyedov were brought to Gergery, where the coffin was seen by A.S. Pushkin, who mentions this in his Journey to Arzrum. In June, Griboyedov's body finally arrived in Tiflis, and on June 18, 1829, it was interred near the church of St. David, according to the desire of Griboyedov, who once jokingly said to his wife: "Do not leave my bones in Persia; if I die there, bury me in Tiflis, in the monastery of St. David. Nina fulfilled the will of her husband. Buried him where he asked; Nina Alexandrovna erected a chapel on her husband's grave, and in it - a monument depicting a woman praying and crying before the crucifixion - the emblem of herself. On the monument is the following inscription: "Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory; but why did my love survive you?"

Alexander Griboyedov was born in a wealthy ancestral family in M. So far not identified exact year Griboedov's birth. There are two versions - 1790 or 1795. But the date is known - January 4/15.

The boy was inquisitive, received a fairly good education at home. Then he studied at the Moscow noble boarding school and entered the university. According to unconfirmed documented information, Griboedov graduated from three faculties: mathematics, law and literature.

There is only one exact document - in 1806 he entered the verbal faculty, and in 1808 he graduated from it. He was a very smart and gifted person. Alexander spoke several languages: English, German, French, Italian, Latin and Greek, Arabic and Persian. He played the piano well.

When it began, Alexander voluntarily went into the army as a cornet. The Moscow provincial regiment, in which he was enrolled, did not participate in the battles. The regiment was in reserve in the Kazan province.

Here he managed everything, and courting women, and being naughty. He liked to joke, but he did not tolerate any ridicule and insults. After retiring in 1816, he leaves for St. Petersburg and enters the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, he began to seriously engage in literature.

His early work associated with drama. He wrote works in collaboration with Katenin (“Student”), Khmelnitsky and Shakhovsky (“Own Family”). Having remade the plot of the Frenchman Crezet de Lesser, Griboedov wrote the comedy The Young Spouses.

He also wrote articles in which he criticized Zhukovsky, Karamzin and Batyushkov. He managed to participate in an unpleasant story that ended in a duel and resulted in the death of Sheremetev. For this disgrace, Yakubovich was sent into exile in the Caucasus, and Griboyedov was offered the choice of a secretary in the United States or in Persia. Alexander Sergeevich chose Persia. On the way to the duty station, Griboyedov in Tiflis fought a duel with Yakubovich and was wounded in the arm.

After three years in Persia, he moved to the diplomatic service in the Caucasus. It was here that the idea to write "Woe from Wit" was born. He spent his vacation in St. Petersburg, the village of the Begichevs in 1824, where work on the text was completed. Society perceived his comedy in different ways. Someone liked it, and the students wanted to put on a performance in a "narrow circle", but they were forbidden. And someone in the comedy recognized himself. The work was not even allowed to be printed.

In 1826, after Griboyedov was arrested, he was suspected of conspiracy. But, not finding any evidence, they let him go. He received another rank and salary, was sent to the Caucasus. Two years later, a new appointment - envoy to Persia. On the way to the place of service through Tiflis, Alexander Sergeevich fell in love with Princess Nina Chavchavadze, and married her (1828). But the young people did not live together for long, leaving his pregnant wife at the border in Tabriz, he left for Tehran.

A month later, a terrible tragedy broke out in Persia. On January 30, 1829, a local angry mob attacked and started a pogrom. Only one person survived, the rest all died, including Griboyedov. Nina buried her husband in Tiflis.