Animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - amazing endangered species! Animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Insects of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The fauna of our country is very rich and diverse. Unfortunately, people in pursuit of money lose their heads and exterminate rare specimens of the fauna world. are listed in the Red Book. This book did not bypass the fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Paradise land
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is very cleverly located. He got a little bit from each climate, so the nature there is interesting and unique. low-lying valleys, the region is washed by the Laptev Sea and the Kara Sea. rich in minerals, timber, rare vegetation. There is no lack of water here, rather, an overabundance. Several large rivers, more than 300 lakes, many of them curative. There is everything for life here, and the resources are almost inexhaustible!
Danger and threat
Animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a special, important issue. According to official data, 25 species of mammals and 89 species of birds, as well as 18 species of insects, are under threat of extinction. This information is from 2012, it is not yet possible to update the data. Due to the lack of scientists and employees, sometimes the species count is carried out only according to the words of the hunters. The compilers of the Book have to take the word of experienced local residents, because the territory of the region is so vast that it is simply impossible to go around every corner!
The fact that the Krasnoyarsk Territory is disappearing is due to the negative and destructive influence of man on nature, mainly poaching. Greed or lack of money pushes people to such crimes. Deer, sturgeon, roe deer, ibex, snow leopards, ermines - all of them are subject to extinction from the face of the earth. How to keep their population? It is not enough just to strengthen the protection of nature reserves. It is also impossible to put kindness and care for the world of fauna into the heart of everyone. The Red Book is like a red traffic light! She asks to stop and stop killing animals.
Irbis - snow leopard
This graceful animal - the snow leopard - is under threat. According to zoologists, these Krasnoyarsk Territory live in the amount of 65 individuals. Just a meager amount of majestic, graceful animals is amazing. This is due to the shooting of them by poachers and the gradual disappearance of Siberian goats - their main food.
Red Wolf
Mountain dogs, or red wolves, are very rare animals. They are practically gone; only according to the information of the Old Believer hunters is it known that they still exist. Such a handsome wolf outwardly differs from the usual in its bright color. The tail is slightly longer than that of the gray fellow, the coat is fluffy, thick. Such beauties become the object of hunting for marauders and poachers. Red wolves are dangerous predators, they eat any living creature, from lizard to deer.
Red wolves are endangered animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Scientists admit the fact that their disappearance from the planet is due to the vagaries of nature, or gray wolves are to blame for everything. The cruel treatment of man with nature also affects the disappearance of the population of these animals.
Capricorn, or Siberian goat
This proud handsome man can very rarely be found on the slopes of the mountains in the southern side of the region. Like red wolves, they have practically disappeared from the face of the earth. Capricorns avoid flat pastures - mountain slopes are more familiar and safe for them. Predators exterminated large herds of Siberian goats. Outwardly, they resemble a domestic goat, but weigh a little more, have thick brown hair and long straight horns. They are harmless, feed on lichens, grasses, moss. Their sense of smell and hearing are highly developed. It's not easy to hunt them. Capricorns are agile and nimble, especially if they are in a well-studied area. For predators, ibexes are a delicious delicacy. Therefore, they can spend several weeks just to track down a herd of Siberian goats!
Roe
With beautiful sad eyes. Their sadness is understandable, because these animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory can be counted on the fingers. A few years ago, statistics reported that 400 individuals live in the region. But every year their number decreases.
Due to developments and human activities, their habitat has narrowed. This greatly affected their population. Of course, poachers are also on the alert.
The roe deer is a small deer, but most of all it resembles a goat. These are graceful, graceful animals with a blunt-shaped muzzle and a short tail. In winter, the poor are practically starving, chewing branches, digging dry grass and acorns from under the snow. But in the summer they have a real feast: mushrooms, berries, juicy grass. In the warm season, they live in small groups - families, but in winter they gather in herds of 30-35 heads. The reasons for the reduction of this species are the same as for other animals - poaching and the reduction of space.
Maral
The animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, listed in the Red Book, are very diverse. Among them there is also a deer. This is a family of red deer. They are a fairly large subspecies. Males have beautiful branched horns. The mass of an adult individual reaches 300 kg.
They live in herds, where the main one is an old female, the rest are her offspring. Winter for these animals is not the best time of the year. In addition to hunger, it is also very difficult for them to move through the snow. Therefore, they constantly move in search of places with little snow. In summer they eat mushrooms, berries, herbs, tree bark, young shoots of pine needles. Adults often gnaw the soil, supplying the necessary minerals to their bodies. In the wild, marals do not live more than 14 years, but in captivity they can live all 30.
Velvet branched and their blood are of great value in medicine. Therefore, hunting for them does not stop either in winter or in summer.
If people do not stop enriching themselves at the expense of these artiodactyls, then such animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory will disappear forever.
Many more animal species are under the threat of extinction. How to protect them from this terrible end, no one has yet figured out. Poachers are not afraid of thousands of fines and even colonies. Each person must learn to take care of what Mother Nature gives us. Then the resources and living creatures on Earth will not be completely destroyed!
All animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, listed in the Red Book, are interesting and necessary on the planet in their own way. It is necessary to prevent their extinction and create all conditions for reproduction.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a region with a high level of biodiversity, where representatives of the Siberian, European and Chinese fauna meet.
Systematic observations of the number and reproduction of populations of certain species of fish, birds and mammals related to the commercial resources of the region are organized in the region. Data on monitoring of wildlife objects classified as hunting objects, information on the state and changes in the fishery fund in the territory of the region are provided by the Rosselkhoznadzor Administration for the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Yenisei Basin Administration for the Protection and Reproduction of Fish Stocks and Regulation of Fisheries.
Information on the state of population groups of rare and endangered species of animals is collected by research organizations of the region. There is no systematic accounting of objects of the animal world that are not related to hunting objects and are not included in the Red Books of various levels. The organization of a full-fledged monitoring is currently practically impossible due to the lack of appropriate funding and specialized organizations.
About 90 species of mammals, 375 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles and amphibians, 47 species and subspecies of fish, several thousand species of insects, arachnids and other animals live on the territory of the region.
invertebrates
Invertebrates are the most numerous part of the animal world in terms of species. Several thousand different species of insects, arachnids and other invertebrates live in the region.
Among the variety of entomofauna, insect pests of plants are the most studied. According to the Krasnoyarsk Territory Forest Protection Center, 55 species of insects live within the region, outbreaks of which pose a particular danger to forest plantations.
A monitoring network for the sanitary condition of forests has been created in the region, which monitors the state of populations and the dynamics of the number of the main needles - and leaf-eating, as well as stem insect pests. Information about the outbreaks of insect pests, their impact on forest plantations and the sanitary condition of forests is placed in section 5 "Forests".
The reproduction of forest pests contributes to the violation of the biological stability of plantations, reduces the growth of forest stands and causes other adverse effects. The dynamics of mass reproduction of insects in the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory by groups of forest pests (needle-eating, leaf-eating, other pests) for 10 years is shown in Figure 6.1.
In 2007, the black fir longhorn beetle accounted for the largest area of detected foci of forest stem pests (Fig. 6.2).
In general, over 10 years, the area of plantations that died from damage by dendrophilic insects fluctuated within a fairly wide range and had a cyclical pattern of increase and decrease, which is due to the frequency of outbreaks of mass reproduction of insects.
The main pests that cause drying and death of forest plantations are the six-toothed bark beetle, the typographic bark beetle, the large black fir barbel, and the black pine barbel.
In 2007, the largest area of dead plantations as a result of damage by black fir longhorn was found in Motyginsky and Tyukhtetsky forestries, while 7817 hectares of operational and 855 hectares of protective forests perished.
Rice. 6.1 Areas of centers of mass reproduction of insects in the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory by groups of forest pests (needle-eating, leaf-eating, other pests) for 10 years.
Rice. 6.2 Distribution of areas of outbreaks of forest stem pests (by species) identified in 2007 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (ha)
Over the past 10 years, these are the highest rates of plantation death in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Fig. 6.3).
In 2007, the area of stem pest outbreaks increased significantly compared to 2006. Basically, the increase in area occurred due to foci of six-toothed bark beetle, black pine and spruce barbel. The main share of foci of stem pests
Rice. 6.3 Dynamics of death of plantings in the Krasnoyarsk Territory from insect pests for 1998-2007 falls on the black fir barbel - "Barbels" that arose in areas with a weak and moderate degree of damage by the Siberian silkworm during the outbreak of 1995-1996.
Terrestrial vertebrates
Amphibians and reptiles.
The fauna of amphibians and reptiles in the region is not numerous and is represented by 11 species. Among them are 2 species of newts, a gray (common) toad, 2 species of frogs, as well as 2 species of lizards and 4 species of snakes, 2 of which (common viper and common muzzle) are poisonous. The small number of species is determined by rather severe climatic conditions in most of the territory of the region. This also explains the small number of most species and the high vulnerability of their populations.
In the economic aspect, the importance of amphibians and reptiles is very small. However, they play a significant role in limiting the number of slugs, insects, and even mouse-like rodents, representing the main food for some birds and predatory animals, including those listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Birds.
More than 370 species of birds live on the territory of the region. Several tens of representatives of the Galliformes, Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and some other orders are of commercial importance. More significant are the resources of galliformes living sedentary, mainly subject to the influence of weather factors. The post-harvest abundance of this group of species in 2006 was 2.9 million individuals, in 2007 it decreased to 2.1 million individuals (Table 6.1).
Table 6.1 Post-harvesting number of galliformes, assessment of the dynamic state of populations, thousand individuals
mammals.
The climatic features of the season, as in the past year, should be considered anomalous in many respects. This manifested itself in high winter air temperatures and the late establishment of snow cover both in the northern and southern parts of the region, so fishing in the hunting areas began 3-4 weeks later than usual.
The height of the snow cover in most northern regions did not exceed critical levels (values), the duration of its occurrence, coupled with frost, presented a certain difficulty for wild ungulates in obtaining food at the end of winter. This led to a decrease in food supply during the day and a change in the feeding regime.
The food base of wild ungulates in the region as a whole can be considered satisfactory, since more than 4 million hectares of the forest fund in 2005-2007. transferred to tenants for final felling, which leads to an increase in the area of young deciduous stands. In addition, the region has a large number of abandoned fields overgrown with weeds, oats and wheat, which is also a good food base for roe deer. The state of the sable forage base in general for all types of land during the winter of 2006-2007. was good. Everywhere the harvest of pine nuts, mountain ash, berries is noted. However, due to rather cool summers and heavy rainfall, the ripening of the walnut was delayed until mid-September, part of it remained on the crowns of trees and fell off during the winter with strong winds and snowfall. According to a survey of hunters, a decrease in the number of pikas was noted almost everywhere.
In 2007, 43 districts were covered in the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, including the Evenki municipal district, which previously included 3 districts. On the territory of the Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky municipal district, winter route registration was not carried out. Data on the number of game animals were compiled on the basis of an expert assessment of specialists from the Rosselkhoznadzor Administration for the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Based on the results of processing of primary materials (cards of accounting routes and tracking), the Office of the Rosselkhoznadzor for the Krasnoyarsk Territory prepared a comprehensive assessment of information on the number and density of the population of game animals obtained by analyzing accounting materials received from hunting users (Table 6.2).
Table 6.2 Information on the number and density of the population of the main species of game animals in the territory of the region according to the data of winter route accounting in 2007
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, since 2000, the state of the elk resources has been stabilizing. According to the data of the last three years of winter route counts, the number of deer has stabilized at the level of 6.0-6.5 thousand heads.
The number of roe deer slightly decreased (from 22.2 to 18.7 thousand individuals). Reindeer resources have increased. Sable resources in the region remain stable, there is a tendency to increase them.
Information on the development of the allocated limits for the production of game animals in 2007 on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (taking into account the Evenki and Taimyr municipal districts) is given in Table 6.3.
Data on the use of the allocated limits confirm the continued high demand among fishers for licenses to harvest sable, musk deer, elk and Siberian roe deer. For the same species, a high degree of development of the provided quotas is also indicated. Significantly lower indicators are characteristic of the annual development of limits for wild boar, bear and reindeer.
In 2007, the Rosselkhoznadzor Administration for the Krasnoyarsk Territory issued 35 long-term licenses for the use of wildlife objects, as well as 112,430 one-time permits for the removal of wildlife objects from their habitat during the spring and autumn-winter hunting seasons. The amount of the fee for the use of wildlife objects classified as hunting objects amounted to 16.9 million rubles.
Living in Krasnoyarsk. Now it's the turn of the insects. Perhaps for some, these reports will seem a little rustic. But, as it seems to me, in the end it will be an excellent guide for the children of our readers.
There are more than one million species of insects on Earth. These are the most numerous living creatures in terms of species. There are several thousand different species in our region. To list all of them is very long, so let's focus on the most famous representatives. By the way, arachnids and other invertebrates are often confused with insects, although the former have a distinct feature - three pairs of limbs. I note right away that I myself am “familiar” with insects worse than with vertebrates, so I apologize in advance for possible inaccuracies.
butterflies
The most beautiful representatives Insecta Those are definitely butterflies. But their larvae - caterpillars - do not cause much admiration for many. But last summer, not far from Krasnoyarsk, I found an impressive caterpillar, as it turned out, a hawk hawk. She had bright yellow spots on the sides of her body, and a large red spike on the back. The caterpillar itself hardly fit in my palm. Moth hawks are the best flyers among butterflies and are mostly active at night. But I prefer small representatives of the order of Lepidoptera (or butterflies) - pigeons. From above, their wings, as the name implies, are of a delicate blue color, with dark spots along the edges. They can often be found sitting on damp ground in the summer. Here, in huge quantities, you can also see hawthorns - white-winged, with black streaks.
There are also harmful species among butterflies. Walking in the city, you probably noticed more than once the yellow, spotted leaves of poplars. Looking closer, you can see small caterpillars inside. These are caterpillars of a small and nondescript poplar moth. With significant damage, the leaves fall off in July. But the mass reproduction of the Siberian silkworm can cause significant harm to forestry. Caterpillars of this species feed on needles, and with their large numbers, this leads to the drying out of vast areas of the forest.
beetles
Their largest representative in our country is the common rhinoceros beetle. A rare species listed in the Red Book. But, nevertheless, I have already met him several times near my house. The black fir barbel is slightly inferior in size to the rhinoceros beetle. The length of the antennae of the male can be 2-3 times the length of the body. The black fir barbel is a species that also causes damage to forest plantations. Its larvae gnaw holes in wood and, in addition, are also carriers of spores of a fungus that causes a disease called blue wood. The presence of barbel larvae can be recognized by the characteristic squeak that they emit.
But the most famous among the beetles is probably the ladybug. The most common among us is the seven-spotted ladybug. Not only beautiful, but also useful. Ladybugs destroy in large quantities such dangerous pests as aphids, psyllids, mealybugs, scale insects and ticks and bring great benefits to agriculture.
Mosquitoes and flies
Diptera are probably the most unloved representatives of insects. A distinctive feature of the detachment is the presence of only one front pair of wings. The posterior pair of them is transformed into club-shaped organs of balance - halteres. Diptera include flies, mosquitoes, midges, horseflies. Many of them are pollinators of plants, including cultivated ones, therefore they are useful for humans. And for science, the most valuable insect is a small fruit fly - which serves as a model object for genetic research.
But when mentioning Diptera, most of us will think first of all of annoying mosquitoes and. I, too, will not be an exception, remembering my last trip for mushrooms. We also have biting biting, which, if you see it, is not immediately, only when you feel that someone is biting you. Horseflies also belong to the nasal complex. Horseflies are carriers of dangerous diseases in cattle and humans. In addition, horsefly bites are quite painful in and of themselves.
Wasps and bees
Hymenoptera, in my opinion, are the most useful insects. I think everyone who likes to drink tea with honey in the evening will agree with me. It is to this order that honey bees belong, to which we owe a useful product. Along with them, this detachment includes wasps, bumblebees and hornets. All these insects have stings and are organized. If you disturb, for example, a nest of wasps, then the whole family will attack you at once, which is very painful (tested on yourself).
My mother also told me how, as a child, a hornet, the largest representative of social wasps, stung her finger on the finger. After that, the finger swelled up and increased in size by more than 2 times. I have noticed more than once that the “early birds” among insects are bumblebees. It turns out that they are able, by quickly and often contracting their chest muscles, to quickly warm up their body, which allows them to fly out early in the morning and collect the first nectar when the air has not yet warmed up enough. Hymenoptera also include ants, which have the most complex social organization. We most often meet forest, black garden and wood borer ants.
Rest
I would also like to mention the larvae of insects such as stoneflies and caddisflies. And I remembered them because they are an excellent bait for fish (grayling, dace), which I personally saw when we rafted down the Mane. The stonefly larva is also called perekolomina, it is mined by turning stones under water. They differ from the larvae of mayflies in two tail filaments (there are three in mayflies). Mayflies are also called dayflies, as adults often live only a day, and sometimes even less. Their main function at this time is to leave offspring, their mouth apparatus and intestines are not developed.
The caddisfly larva builds around its body a kind of house of grains of sand and various twigs. At the bottom of the reservoir you can also find dragonfly larvae - probably the most voracious of insects. Adult dragonflies catch prey (other insects) on the fly and can eat several times their own weight in a day. And, besides, these predators are also unsurpassed flyers, capable of “accelerating” faster than 100 km / h.
I also remembered about the red cockroaches-Prusaks living in our apartments. Many say that they have become much smaller, but no one knows why.
There are still many unmentioned insects (bugs, grasshoppers, etc.), but of course, you can’t tell about all of them in one message.
Nastya Evtikhova
Insects are far from the leaders of public sympathy. Many sensitives feel uneasy at the mere thought of something small with six legs. Meanwhile, insects are amusing creatures, and even pretty in their own way. Therefore, today we decided to talk about the 11 most interesting local residents. And since we are not quite in the subject, we called for the help of the Krasnoyarsk biophysicist Yakov Kolesnikov.
Nicrophorus vespilloides
He is grave digger- a cute, but gloomy beetle that specializes in eating carrion. For this reason, there are few hunters to admire them. The beetles not only eat the corpse, but also bury it so that other lovers of dead flesh do not get the prey. In the same place, in the carcass, beetle larvae hatch, feeding on carrion until they grow up or until the food runs out. According to Yakov, he himself “met an adult gravedigger on the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, who flew in at night to the smell of fish giblets.”
Chrysolina fastuosa
A small but beautiful bug of stunning rainbow colors. Shines and shimmers in the sun, like a little precious horseradish. Russian name for beetle leaf beetle- alludes to the main diet of a six-legged creature that feeds mainly on the leaves of the lamb. However, the beetle eats nettles with no less pleasure, without causing inconvenience to anyone. Actually, in the meadow in the nettles you can meet and admire it.
papilio machaon
Swallowtail- a hefty beautiful butterfly, listed in the Red Book. The butterfly is so rare that Jacob asks her "not to touch and watch from afar." The butterfly itself naturally feeds on nectar, but its caterpillars feed mainly on umbrella plants: hogweed, angelica and, unfortunately for summer residents, dill and carrots. It is better to look for butterflies on flowers in sunny weather.
Ascalaphus sibiricus
To describe the animal, we immediately pass the word to Jacob. “If the swallowtail is rare, then siberian ascalaf epic rare. And even more epic ancient. You can meet in open areas and river valleys, they are photophilous, they fly quite low. So, if you meet an ascalaf, then do not touch it, even if the rare beauty of the insect does not evoke a response in your heart.
Inachis.io
peacock eye- another beautiful, but this time not so rare butterfly. They flutter in abundance in flowering meadows. But this does not mean that you need to catch them in packs. Just admire the colorful coloring with bright eyes and enjoy. By the way, if you wait for the butterfly to close its wings, you can see that their reverse side is painted much more modestly and resembles tree bark.
Oryctes nasicornis
Patriotic name rhinoceros beetle- and this name quite exhaustively describes both the appearance and size of the insect. The rhinoceros is the largest beetle in our band. Unfortunately, the guy's larvae are not so conspicuous and often become victims of the entomological illiteracy of the population.
“Unfortunately, to the inexperienced eye, their larvae will appear to be larvae of the Maybug, which often leads to their destruction, and, alas, fertilized beds, composts and manure heaps attract many fertilized females, which ultimately ends in the death of larvae from a shoe or insecticide,” says Jacob.
Cetonia aurata
Bronzovka ordinary, beautiful shiny bug, as you might guess, bronze color and metallic luster. He likes to live in gardens, where he does nothing wrong, hanging out on flowers and feasting on nectar. Unfortunately, summer residents tend to see a competitor in all beetles, and harmless bronzes are crushed by kilograms.
Bombus terrestris
The same hairy bumblebee, which is on fragrant hops. He lives in the ground, collects honey, does not touch anyone and generally leads a highly moral lifestyle. It is mainly found near flowers, it can also fly in the city. The creature, as already mentioned, is peaceful, but it is better not to climb into their nest. “A bumblebee stings no worse than a wasp, and there are a whole swarm of them,” says Yakov.
Formica pratensis
Jacob calls these hefty red ants "orcs of the ant world" and tells such a creepy story about their habits. "It is noteworthy that the first workers are born complete clumsiness, because of which the uterus during the flight looks for a young, only dug-in uterus of the subgenus Serviformica, kills it and raises its native workers as its own, and it is they who will teach their own children of the pratensis uterus to everything." Cruel but effective.
Coccinella septempunctata
Or simply ladybug- the one whose children eat minced meat dishes in the sky. The ladybug itself, contrary to the name, is a rather predatory creature and devours dozens of aphids. Everyone likes this behavior, except, of course, aphids, as it allows you to regulate the number of this garden pest. In general, the cow is good, but one caveat: after you have launched it from your finger to the sky, wash your hands. The cow is a creature of God, but very poisonous.
Aeshna juncea
Or blue rocker. A hefty dragonfly with a wingspan of up to 11 centimeters and capable of speeds up to 60 kilometers per hour. It flies over ponds, streams and rivulets, willingly devouring anyone who fits in size. Even more voracious are dragonfly larvae, living in the water of ponds and grabbing everything that swims past, from small crustaceans to fish fry.
