Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in a child than to treat. Atopic dermatitis in children: how to completely cure it. Photo of skin manifestations of atopic or allergic dermatitis

Small bubbles filled with liquid appear on the inflamed areas, the child experiences unbearable itching.

Atopic dermatitis in children is quite common, in developed countries the incidence is about 20% of children. The disease is often aggravated - 34%, - 25% and -8%.

The exact causes of atopic dermatitis have not yet been accurately identified. Presumably, the main reason is the innate predisposition of the children's immune system to. In the blood of children suffering from atopic dermatitis, an increase in the level of antibodies that are responsible for allergies is found. immunoglobulins type E, IgE. This means that the body is in constant readiness to launch an allergic reaction to any stimulus from the external environment, respectively, the causes of atopic dermatitis are most likely allergic in nature.

Also, the disease can be caused by various infections, food allergies, exposure to any chemicals. Atopic dermatitis of the allergic type can be exacerbated by extreme temperatures and humidity, increased sweating, and mental stress.

Most often, children with atopic dermatitis have any manifestations. Usually the disease develops in early childhood up to 6 months, but can occur later in life, and even among adolescents or adults.

Clinical forms of atopic dermatitis are classified into phases depending on the age of the patient, the stages of the disease depend on the duration of the disease, and the form depends on the course of the disease. The treatment of atopic dermatitis depends on this classification.

Atopic dermatitis is divided into 3 phases. infant phase - up to 2 years. Often appears with the introduction of complementary foods. Localized on the face and abdomen, then can spread throughout the body. Children's - up to 13 years old. Appears first on the neck and in the places of flexion of the limbs, then goes to the stomach and back, and then can spread throughout the body. It is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the skin, the appearance of painful cracks and erosions. teenage phase of atopic dermatitis and adult - from 13 years and older. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by a change in the skin due to a violation of its structure and water balance, and therefore, special skin care is required.

According to the stage of development, atopic dermatitis is divided into the initial stage, the stage of pronounced changes, which in turn is divided into sharp and chronic phase and stage remissions . According to the severity of the course, the disease is divided into mild, moderate and severe forms.

The differentiation of the disease according to the degree of prevalence of the process divides the disease into limited , widespread and diffuse form.

Clinical and etiological variants of atopic dermatitis can be dominated by an allergic type: food, tick, fungal, pollen and other species. There are also variants with secondary infection.

According to the nature of complications, atopic dermatitis in children is divided into pyoderma , viral infection or fungal infection .

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis for different ages are somewhat different. For infant phase the disease is characterized by the following symptoms: redness of the skin, development of reddish rashes on the skin of the face, neck, abdomen, buttocks, on the flexor surfaces of the limbs in the area of ​​the elbow and knee joints, inguinal folds.

There are such symptoms of atopic dermatitis as dryness and severe itching in the area of ​​​​inflammation, the appearance of small yellowish-gray crusts, the formation of cracks and bubbles with a clear liquid inside on the surface of the skin.

When sick in infant phase the symptoms described above are supplemented by localizations of manifestations in the area of ​​​​the feet, palms, skin folds. A protracted course of the disease is possible, with periods of exacerbations and temporary disappearance of symptoms. The child suffers from skin itching, sleep disturbance is possible.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

Treatment of the disease must necessarily be complex and systemic, and begin with the elimination of all irritating effects ( allergens ) on the child's body. Treatment of atopic dermatitis is prescribed, to which it is certainly supplemented hypoallergenic diet, excluding all foods that can provoke an exacerbation: citrus fruits, chicken protein and broth, chocolate, cow's milk, nuts, and other foods, mostly orange and red. In the diet, preference is given to sour-milk products, cereals, vegetable and fruit puree from green products.

You should pay attention to the clothes of the child, be careful about clothes made of synthetic and woolen fabrics, which can cause an allergic reaction and complicate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

From drug therapy used antihistamines and glucocorticosteroid local agents (creams, ointments). External preparations based on fly in the ointment .

Hormonal drugs are prescribed for those forms of the disease in which atopic dermatitis is severe and with complications. They are used with caution and only according to the indications of the attending physician. Used according to indications phototherapy and psychotherapy .

In severe cases, the course of the disease requires hospitalization of the child.

The doctors

Medications

Prevention of atopic dermatitis

Preventive measures to prevent the onset of the disease in children should begin at the stage and include diet, treatment of concomitant diseases, exclusion of psycho-emotional stress and adherence to a rational regime of work and rest.

In children, the prevention of atopic dermatitis consists in following professional dietary recommendations for feeding, careful transition to artificial feeding, hygiene, child's daily routine, elimination of stress and adequate treatment at the first signs of the disease. Any "liberties" in terms of order introduction of complementary foods can quickly lead to serious consequences for the child, which will have to be dealt with for a long time.

Diet, nutrition for atopic dermatitis in children

List of sources

• Shamov B.A., Shamova A.G. Atopic dermatitis in children. - Kazan: New knowledge, 2006. - 256 p.
• Kondyurina E.G., Filatova T.A., Elkina T.N. Atopic dermatitis in children: current epidemiological trends. Bull. SO RAMN. 2004;
• "Atopic dermatitis". Ed. Sergeeva Yu.V., 2005.

Atopic dermatitis in infants is a chronic immune inflammation of the skin of a child, characterized by a certain form of rashes and their staging of appearance.

Children's and infantile atopic dermatitis significantly reduce the quality of life of the whole family due to the need for strict adherence to a special therapeutic diet and hypoallergenic lifestyle.

The main risk factors and causes of atopic dermatitis

A risk factor for atopic is often a hereditary burden for allergies and. Unfavorable factors are also such factors as the peculiarities of the constitution, malnutrition, insufficiently good care for the child.

To understand what atopic dermatitis is and how to treat it, knowledge about the pathogenesis of this allergic disease will help.

Every year, the knowledge of scientists about the immunopathological processes occurring in the body in atopic childhood is increasing.

In the course of the disease, the physiological skin barrier is disrupted, Th2 lymphocytes are activated, and immune defenses are reduced.

The concept of the skin barrier

Dr. Komarovsky, in his articles popular among young parents, touches on the topic of the characteristics of children's skin.

Komarovsky highlights 3 main features that matter in violation of the skin barrier:

• underdevelopment of sweat glands;
• fragility of the stratum corneum of the children's epidermis;
• high lipid content in the skin of newborns.

All these factors lead to a decrease in the protection of the skin of the baby.

hereditary predisposition

Atopic dermatitis in infants may occur due to a filaggrin mutation, in which changes occur in the filaggrin protein, which ensures the structural integrity of the skin.

Atopic dermatitis is formed in children under one year old due to a decrease in local skin immunity to the penetration of external allergens: the biosystem of washing powder, the epithelium and hair of pets, fragrances and preservatives contained in cosmetic products.

Antigenic loads in the form of toxicosis of pregnant women, taking pregnant drugs, occupational hazards, highly allergenic nutrition - all this can provoke an exacerbation of an allergic disease in a newborn.

• food;
• professional;
• household.

Prevention of allergies in infants can be a natural, as long as possible, rational use of medicines, treatment of diseases of the digestive system.

Classification of atopic dermatitis

Atopic eczema is divided into age stages into three stages:

• infant (from 1 month to 2 years);
• children's (from 2 years to 13);
• teenage.

In newborns, rashes look like redness with vesicles. Bubbles are easily opened, forming a weeping surface. The baby is worried about itching. Children comb rashes.

In places, bloody-purulent crusts are formed. Eruptions often appear on the face, thighs, legs. Doctors call this form of rash exudative.

In some cases, there are no signs of weeping. The rash looks like spots with slight peeling. The scalp and face are most commonly affected.

At the age of 2, in sick children, the skin is characterized by increased dryness, cracks appear. Rashes are localized in the knee and elbow fossae, on the hands.

This form of the disease has the scientific name "erythematous-squamous form with lichenification." In the lichenoid form, peeling is observed, mainly in the folds, in the elbow folds.

The lesion of the skin of the face manifests itself at an older age and is called "atopic face". There is pigmentation of the eyelids, peeling of the skin of the eyelids.

Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in children

There are criteria for atopic dermatitis, thanks to which you can establish the correct diagnosis.

Main criteria:

• early onset of the disease in an infant;
• itching of the skin, more often manifested at night;
• chronic continuous course with frequent serious exacerbations;
• exudative nature of the rash in newborns and lichenoid in older children;
• the presence of close relatives suffering from allergic diseases;

Additional criteria:

• dry skin;
• positive skin tests on allergy testing;
• white dermographism;
• the presence of conjunctivitis;
• pigmentation of the periorbital region;
• central protrusion of the cornea - keratoconus;
• eczematous lesions of the nipples;
• strengthening the skin pattern on the palms.

Laboratory diagnostic measures for severe atopic dermatitis are prescribed by a doctor after examination.

Complications of atopic dermatitis in children

Frequent complications in children is the addition of various kinds of infections. An open wound surface becomes a gateway for fungi of the Candida genus.

Prevention of infectious complications is to follow the recommendations of the allergist on the features of the use of emollients (moisturizers).

List of possible complications of atopic dermatitis:

• folliculitis;
• boils;
• impetigo;
• anular stomatitis;
• candidiasis of the oral mucosa;
• skin candidiasis;
• Kaposi's herpetiform eczema;
• molluscum contagiosum;
• genital warts.

Conventional treatment for atopic dermatitis

Therapy of atopic dermatitis in children begins with the development of a special hypoallergenic diet.

An allergist makes a special elimination diet for a mother with atopic dermatitis in a baby. This diet will help keep breastfeeding as long as possible.

Approximate elimination hypoallergenic diet in children under one year old with atopic dermatitis.

Menu:

• breakfast. Dairy-free porridge: rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, butter, tea, bread;
• lunch. Fruit puree from pears or apples;
• dinner. Vegetable soup with meatballs. Mashed potatoes. Tea. Bread;
• afternoon tea. Berry jelly with cookies;
• dinner. Vegetable-cereal dish. Tea. Bread;
• second dinner. Milk mixture or.

The menu for a child, and especially for a baby with atopic dermatitis, should not contain spicy, fried, salty foods, seasonings, canned food, fermented cheeses, chocolate, carbonated drinks. The menu for children with allergic symptoms is limited to semolina, cottage cheese, sweets, yogurt with preservatives, chicken, bananas, onions, and garlic.

Mixtures based on the treatment of atopic dermatitis in a child will also help.

In case of hypersensitivity to cow milk proteins, the World Allergist Organization strongly discourages the use of products based on non-hydrolyzed goat milk protein, since these peptides have a similar antigenic composition.

vitamin therapy

Patients with atopic dermatitis are not prescribed multivitamin preparations that are dangerous in terms of the development of allergic reactions. Therefore, it is preferable to use monopreparations of vitamins - pyridoxine hydrochloride, calcium patothenate, retinol.

Immunomodulators in the treatment of allergic dermatoses

Immunomodulators that affect the phagocytic link of immunity have proven themselves in the treatment of allergic dermatoses:

1. Polyoxidonium has a direct effect on monocytes, increases the stability of cell membranes, and is able to reduce the toxic effect of allergens. It is used intramuscularly once a day with an interval of 2 days. Course up to 15 injections.
2. Likopid. Enhances the activity of phagocytes. Available in tablets of 1 mg. May cause an increase in body temperature.
3. Zinc preparations. They stimulate the restoration of damaged cells, enhance the action of enzymes, and are used for infectious complications. Zincteral is used 100 mg three times a day for up to three months.

Hormonal creams and ointments for atopic dermatitis in children

It is not possible to treat severe atopic dermatitis in children without the use of local anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroid therapy.

With atopic eczema in children, both hormonal creams and various forms of ointments are used.

Below are basic recommendations for the use of hormonal ointments in children:

• with a severe exacerbation, treatment begins with the use of strong hormonal agents - Celestoderm, Kutiveit;
• to relieve symptoms of dermatitis on the trunk and arms in children, Lokoid, Elocom, Advantan are used;
• It is not recommended to use Sinaflan, Fluorocort, Flucinar in pediatric practice due to serious side effects.

Calcineurin blockers

An alternative to hormonal ointments. Can be used for facial skin, areas of natural folds. Pimecrolimus and Tacrolimus preparations (Elidel, Protopic) are recommended to be used in a thin layer on rashes.

You can not use these drugs in immunodeficiency states.

The course of treatment is long.

Means with antifungal and antibacterial activity

In infectious uncontrolled complications, it is necessary to use creams that have antifungal and antibacterial components in their composition - Triderm, Pimafukort.

The previously used and successful zinc ointment was replaced by a new, more effective analogue - activated zinc pyrithione, or Skin-cap. The drug can be used in a one-year-old child in the treatment of a rash with infectious complications.

With severe weeping, an aerosol is used.

Dr. Komarovsky writes in his articles that there is no more formidable enemy for a child's skin than dryness.

Komarovsky advises using moisturizers (emollients) to moisturize the skin and restore the skin barrier.

The Mustela program for children with atopic dermatitis offers a moisturizer in the form of a cream emulsion.

The Lipikar laboratory La Roche-Posay program includes Lipikar balm, which can be applied after hormonal ointments to prevent dry skin.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis with folk remedies

How to cure atopic dermatitis permanently? This question is being asked by scientists and doctors around the world. The answer to this question has not yet been found. Therefore, many patients are increasingly resorting to homeopathy and traditional methods of traditional medicine.

Treatment with folk remedies sometimes brings good results, but it is better if this method of treatment is combined with traditional therapeutic measures.

With wetting of the skin during a severe exacerbation of allergic dermatosis, folk remedies in the form of a lotion with a decoction of a string or oak bark help well. To prepare a decoction, you can purchase a series in filter bags at the pharmacy. Brew in 100 ml of boiled water. With the resulting decoction, make lotions on the sites of rashes three times during the day.

Spa treatment

Most Popular sanatoriums for children with manifestations of atopic dermatitis:

• sanatorium them. Semashko, Kislovodsk;
• sanatoriums "Rus", "DiLuch" in Anapa with a dry maritime climate;
• Sol-Iletsk;
• sanatorium "Keys" in the Perm region.

• limit your child's contact with all types of allergens as much as possible;
• give preference to cotton clothes for the baby;
• avoid emotional stress;
• cut your child's nails short;
• the temperature in the living room should be as comfortable as possible;
• try to keep the humidity in the child's room at 40%.

What follows avoid in atopic dermatitis:

• apply cosmetics on alcohol;
• wash too often;
• use hard washcloths;
• take part in sports competitions.

Doctors note that every year there are more and more children with atopic dermatitis. Can the parents themselves somehow influence the occurrence and development of this disease? And how to properly treat a rash and eczema on a baby’s skin with atopic dermatitis so that the child does not turn into a “collector” of infections?

According to domestic doctors, among "our" kids there are almost no such who would never show signs of atopic dermatitis. Which most often manifests itself in the form of skin lesions on the face and hands.

Atopic dermatitis in children: what's what

At first - we will be defined in concepts and terms. It so happened that in the view of most parents, “atopic dermatitis”, “” and “food allergy” are the same thing. Apparently, the cause of this erroneous judgment is in similar symptoms that are inherent in all three ailments: itching, rash and pronounced redness on the skin.

Meanwhile, all three disease states have a different nature and require different treatment.
Let's put everything in its place:

food allergy- this is an individual hypersensitivity of the immune system (in other words, an inadequate reaction) of the body to a particular food product (more precisely, to its constituent substance). Among the symptoms of food allergies are those that are inherent in atopic dermatitis (itching, inflammation on the skin), but they are not limited to this. Severe allergic reactions can also be expressed by much more terrible and dangerous symptoms - shortness of breath, anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema. Like any other, a food allergy, once having made itself felt, remains with a person for life.

The primary symptoms of atopic dermatitis (usually itching, redness and rashes on the skin) always appear before the age of 2 years. This means that if a baby under 2 years old had no skin lesions, and at an older age he was “sprinkled with something”, then this is probably not atopic dermatitis, but an allergic reaction.

Moreover, if allergic dermatitis, as a symptom, remains with a person for life, then atopic dermatitis in children, in most cases, with adequate therapy and prevention, disappears by 3-5 years.

Atopic dermatitis It is a non-contagious inflammatory skin lesion. Which is due to genetic factors, individual characteristics of the structure of the skin, as well as the climate in which the child lives.

If one of the parents of the baby suffered from atopic dermatitis in childhood, the child will also have it with a probability of 50 to 50. If both parents had this disease in childhood, the probability increases to 80%.

The first signs of atopic dermatitis appear in a baby up to 2 years old (in 90% of cases). If it is treated correctly, it disappears without a trace by about 5 years. But if the disease is ignored, it develops into a more severe and chronic form that can accompany a person throughout life.

Atopic dermatitis in children: symptoms and signs

Atopic has pronounced symptoms:

• severe itching;
• redness in those places where the skin is thinnest: on the folds of the arms and legs, on the neck, in the folds of the skin;
• often - and pustular formations on the face;

Moreover, the most alarming and dangerous symptom of atopic dermatitis in children is severe itching. The degree of redness and the size of the rashes are not as terrible as the "manic" uncontrolled scratching of inflamed skin areas.

The danger of itching is that regular scratching of the skin leads to the appearance of micro-wounds on it, into which bacteria or fungi almost instantly enter, causing a so-called secondary infection.

Allergy or atopic dermatitis: how to find out

A typical situation: the first signs (rash, itching, redness on the skin) appeared in the baby during the period of about 6-8 months. You, the parents, and possibly the pediatricians who are watching your child, logically concluded that there are manifestations of food allergies - some new products are perceived by the baby's body extremely negatively. And gradually you remove the child from the diet: first, everything is bright, then everything is colored, and then, perhaps, valuable protein in the form of milk and eggs, etc. Sometimes the situation "goes off scale" to the extreme, leaving only rice porridge and dried apples in the diet of the unfortunate child...

However, from time to time outbreaks of redness and rashes on the skin happen anyway. You are sinning because the baby somewhere “snatched” a piece of a forbidden product, which caused an exacerbation of the disease.

But in fact, the periodic deterioration of the skin condition shows you something completely different - this is a clear signal that you still have not removed the main “causative agent of skin anxiety” from the child’s environment. And that, most likely, we are talking not so much about food allergies as about atopic dermatitis, the “pathogen” of which is extremely rare. Why? Let's explain below.

A well-known pediatrician, Dr. Komarovsky: “This is a typical philistine misconception that the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis occurs in response to certain foods eaten. In fact, there is no fundamental relationship between atopic dermatitis and the quality (composition) of products.

Indeed, in response to some products, an allergic reaction of the body may occur with symptoms similar to those of atopic dermatitis: itching, redness and a rash on the skin. However, the symptoms of such an allergy should appear within a maximum of the first 24 hours from the moment the product was eaten. But if a rash and itching appeared two days after your Mitya, relatively speaking, ate peanuts, then the point here is by no means peanuts! And on the face is not an allergy, namely atomic dermatitis.

Dr. Komarovsky: “In 85% of cases, the appearance of itching and eczema on the skin in children under 2 years old (and most often in children from 6 months to a year) is not an allergy to certain foods that the child ate or the nursing mother ate, and nothing more than atopic dermatitis, which has nothing to do with food.

Not by bread alone...

To stop sinning on food, you need to understand how the skin is damaged. And first of all - how the skin is arranged. In the upper (horny) layer of the skin, we have a special lipid barrier that protects our skin from penetration into its depths of harmful factors from the outside, as well as an extremely important layer consisting of water molecules that hold a special substance in the skin (in fact, a complex of organic molecules ). Water molecules in the skin provide its elasticity, firmness and additionally protect it from external harmful factors.

If a child spends most of the time in a room with a warm and dry microclimate, if he is constantly dressed in a cabbage style, or if his clothes contain non-natural irritating fibers - all this leads to excessive evaporation of moisture from the skin, to the destruction of the lipid barrier and , respectively, to extreme vulnerability. As a result, the skin becomes dry and hypersensitive. This means that it is too “open” for the attack of harmful external factors: allergens, toxins, various chemicals, pollution, bacteria and fungi, etc.

At the slightest inflammation in sensitive skin, microscopic bubbles form, which eventually burst and become covered with a crust - they cause severe unbearable itching, which intensifies many times at night, during sleep.

Babies scratch their itchy skin the most when they sleep.

Consequences and complications of long-term atopic dermatitis in children

If an atopic baby constantly combs the affected areas of the skin uncontrollably, cracks and wounds inevitably appear on it, in which bacteria easily “settle” and actively multiply. There is a pustular infection (pyoderma), in the treatment of which they already resort to antibiotic therapy. This worsens not only the quality of the skin directly, but also the quality of life of the baby - he does not sleep well, does not get enough sleep, he is given painful discomfort by movement, bathing, wearing clothes.

In addition to a bacterial infection, viral and fungal infections can also develop against the background of atopic dermatitis. Often, all three types of infections can "pounce" on the baby at once - in this way, a little sufferer can simultaneously have a "cold" of herpes and purulent inflammation.

However, do not despair ahead of time! Such terrible complications can be completely avoided - not with great efforts and with excellent chances for a full recovery. How? First of all, observing all preventive measures against atopic dermatitis.

Prevention of atopic dermatitis

In the case of atopic dermatitis, preventive measures for this disease are one of the most important conditions for effective treatment. And therefore, about them - in detail and point by point.

• 1 Eliminate the factors that lead to overdrying of the skin. Namely - maintain a humid and cool climate in the nursery, spend more time in nature, do not wrap the child while walking. Follow to.

Dr. Komarovsky: “Drying of the skin is the most important factor (of course, unfavorable), which makes skin cells hypersensitive to all kinds of external factors. As soon as you solve the problem of loss of skin moisture, you will immediately solve the problem of atopic dermatitis.

• 2 Make sure that the atomic child does not overeat. As in the case of diathesis, an excess of food eaten, which simply does not have enough enzymes to digest, almost always leads to negative reactions on the skin - drying out, cracking, redness, rashes and acute itching. In this case, the skin is attacked by toxins and other harmful substances not from the outside, but from the inside.

A funny paradox: which, in fact, is only the body's tendency to a particular disease, is fundamentally impossible to cure. Whereas atopic dermatitis (which in everyday life is called diathesis every now and then), is treated very successfully.

• 3 Don't be a "manic" cleaner! It’s a shame to hear “exemplary mothers”, but children who are washed often and to the point of creaking suffer from atopic dermatitis many times more often than “grimy children”. Frequent washing, and especially with soap, destroys the protective lipid layer on the skin, which makes it more vulnerable to external factors and more "porous" to lose its own moisture. The optimal regimen for bathing a baby up to a year is once a day and only with the help of special "non-aggressive" children's cosmetics. After a year, you can bathe even less often - once every two days.
• 4 Choose high-quality clothes for your baby. By and large, there are only three global claims to children's clothing:

• it should be made from natural materials (primarily cotton);
• it must meet the rule of three “not”: it does not rub, does not press, does not press;
• it should be washed with special products (the marker on the package is “for washing children's clothes”) and rinsed well.

Inappropriate clothing and too aggressive care cosmetics can be factors responsible for the development of negative complications of atopic dermatitis in a baby.

Methods for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

Main principles in the treatment of atopic dermatitis the following:

• Elimination of provoking factors;
• Auxiliary therapy (the goal is to moisturize the skin);
• The main treatment: the use of topical corticosteroids (ointments);
• In rare cases - UV radiation and stronger drugs.

Provoking factors

In fact, the provoking factors include all of the above circumstances (dry and hot climate in the nursery, overeating, excessively frequent washing of the skin with the help of "aggressive" cosmetics, etc.), which worsen the condition of the child's skin, making it vulnerable and prone to inflammation. Prevention of atopic dermatitis is precisely aimed at eliminating provoking factors.

Auxiliary (supportive) therapy

Auxiliary therapy, as a rule, consists in various methods of moisturizing the skin. For this purpose, special hygiene preparations are used - emollients. In other words, fats and fat-comprising cosmetic substances that are retained only in the stratum corneum of the skin and do not penetrate deep into living cells.

The main purpose of emollients is to soften the surface of the skin and increase the percentage of moisture in its layers. By themselves, these products, of course, do not moisturize the skin (it would be strange to expect this from a fatty substance), but they successfully prevent the loss of moisture that is still in the skin.

There are three groups of emollients:

• means for application to the skin;
• detergents;
• and bath products.

Funds within these groups can also be classified depending on the active means. Which one is best suited for your child - the doctor will tell you. His recommendation directly depends on the intensity of dryness and inflammation, on the presence (or absence) of a secondary infection, and on other factors.

Usually, emollient is applied to the skin of an atopic child 2 times a day, one of which is required after bathing (just in order to keep the maximum amount of moisture in the skin).

How to bathe an atopic baby before using emollient. Alas, for a child with atopic dermatitis, although he must take daily water treatments, it is somewhat different from the usual. Bathing water should be slightly warm - about 32-33 ° C. At the same time, it is not recommended to keep the baby in the water for longer than 8-10 minutes. After the baby has been taken out of the bath, in no case should you actively dry it, even if you have the most weightless and softest towel in the world. No matter how delicate your movements are, you will still cause microtrauma to dry, inflamed skin. Don't rub! Just lightly blot the skin with a bath or regular sheet, and no more. And then, without delay, apply emollient to the skin to block the loss of moisture.

And don't be "greedy"! Doctors insist on the following norms: about 250-300 ml of cream will be needed per week to care for a one-year-old toddler with atopic eczema. So, per month - 1 liter! In other words, if you are experiencing atopic dermatitis, forget about saving on cosmetics for baby skin care, you need to use them generously - only then they are effective.

Primary treatment for atopic dermatitis

Treatment of inflammation in atopic dermatitis usually consists of topical corticosteroids (so-called topical anti-inflammatory hormones). They are strictly prescribed by a pediatrician, and no initiative in their selection and use is allowed.

The above methods of treating atopic dermatitis, applied together in a “bouquet”, are usually already enough to save the baby from the disease. In 98% of cases, this strategy is more than effective.

The remaining 2% of children suffering from severe atopic dermatitis require more serious measures to attack the disease. In these cases, doctors are forced to resort to the use of other pharmacological agents (antihistamines, various sorbents, local and general immunomodulators, and some other agents), as well as ultraviolet irradiation.

How to Minimize Your Risk When Using Corticosteroids

In order for the risk from the use of local hormones to be zero or negligible, special rules for the use of these drugs should be followed:

• 1 Corticosteroids are applied to the skin prior to using emollients. Otherwise, the fatty film will not let the drug through to the skin.
• 2 Corticosteroids are divided into several groups, depending on the strength and activity of their action. It is very important to choose for a child such a drug from the category of corticosteroids, the strength of which would exactly correspond to the severity of atopic dermatitis in the baby.
• 3 Only the weakest corticosteroids are applied to the face and neck.
• 4 Only new rashes can be treated with corticosteroids, since the appearance of which no more than 2 days have passed.
• 5 Inflamed skin areas are treated with local hormones no more than 2 times a day.
• 6 A specific drug (or group of drugs), as well as the regimen and schedule for their application, must be agreed with the pediatrician.

As a rule, atopic dermatitis has the character of an age-related disease - and in children of 3-5 years of age, the manifestations of this disease are already sharply reduced. Especially - if you are adequate, prudent, not lazy, responsible and loving parents...

The international classification of diseases used to define this disease as diffuse neurodermatitis. Now, according to ICD-10, the disease is called atopic dermatitis and has the L20 code, which indicates a pathological effect on the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Atopic dermatitis is also called childhood eczema.

If the disease manifests itself in young children, its cause is most likely hereditary or related to the course of pregnancy. Such children may also suffer from other types of allergies - asthmatic attacks, allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, lack of perception of certain nutrients. The onset of the disease at a later age is usually associated with the influence of external factors. Atopic dermatitis is more often found in children under one year old and, without the necessary therapy, takes a chronic form with periodic exacerbations throughout life.

In addition to the genetic disposition, the prerequisites for atopic dermatitis in infants may be:

In addition to these reasons, risk factors for eczema in infants include various household allergens - from detergents and baby care products to pharmaceuticals.

Especially attentive to the impact of adverse factors should be treated by those parents who themselves suffer from allergies. If both dad and mom have similar hypersensitivity, the likelihood of childhood eczema in their heir rises to 80 percent. Is one parent hypersensitive to antigens? The risk is halved.

Atopic dermatitis in older children (at 2–3 years old) can manifest itself against the background of psycho-emotional stress, passive smoking, excessive physical exertion, poor ecology in the place of residence, and frequent infectious diseases. These same factors provoke an exacerbation of eczema in the chronic course of the disease.

But contact with pets can play a positive role. Italian scientists conducted a study and found that if there is a dog in the house, the risk of allergic dermatitis is reduced by a quarter. Communication between a pet and a child not only gives the immune system an impetus for development, but also relieves stress.

The main signs of the disease

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis in infants:

• skin itching, worse at night;
• the appearance of seborrhea scales on the head;
• redness and cracks on the cheeks, in the area of ​​​​the eyebrows and ears;
• loss of appetite;
• poor sleep, due to itching.

In difficult cases, not only the scalp suffers. There may be atopic dermatitis on the arms, neck, legs, buttocks. Sometimes irritation is accompanied by pyoderma - small pustules, combing which a child can get a secondary infection, which is expressed in difficult-to-heal wounds.

In the process of growing up, if the disease could not be stopped, the signs are modified or supplemented. So, if the baby is already 1 year old, it is possible to increase the skin pattern and the appearance of dry, flaky foci of compacted skin under the knees, in the bends of the elbows, on the wrists, feet and neck. At 2 years old, almost half of the children with suitable treatment get rid of the disease. But some babies suffer even after two years: the infantile stage of the disease passes into childhood, and then into adolescence. Painful areas are hidden in skin folds or localized on the palms and feet. Exacerbations occur in the winter, and in the summer the disease does not manifest itself.

Such dermatitis in a child can become an "allergic march", and subsequently attach allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Every fifth patient additionally develops hypersensitivity to bacterial microflora, which contributes to the complicated and protracted course of the disease.

Clinical picture and diagnosis of the disease

Atopic dermatitis in children is important to differentiate from other skin diseases. After all, the symptoms may be similar to those of scabies, pink lichen, psoriasis, microbial eczema or seborrheic dermatitis.

The diagnosis should be made by experienced doctors: a dermatologist and an allergist-immunologist. Doctors conduct the following diagnostic studies: they collect a complete history, find out the possibility of a hereditary predisposition, conduct a thorough examination and send the baby for a general blood test. A high serum IgE concentration will confirm the diagnosis.

Mild form of atopic dermatitis in a child

Moderate atopic dermatitis with secondarily infected scratch wounds

Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in children takes into account not only the age of the patient, but also the stage of the disease:

1. The initial stage (signs): hyperemia (redness), tissue swelling, peeling, most often on the face.
2. Pronounced stage: Skin problems move to other parts of the body, unbearable itching, burning, small papules appear.
3. Features of remission: Symptoms decrease or disappear altogether.

Therapy for allergic disease

Complete healing is possible with proper treatment at the initial stage. But we can talk about clinical recovery if an average of 5 years have passed since the last period of exacerbation.

Experienced doctors who know how to cure atopic dermatitis believe that only complex therapy is effective. It includes proper nutrition, clear control of the surrounding space, taking pharmaceuticals and physiotherapy. You may need the help of not only an allergist and a dermatologist, but also a nutritionist, gastroenterologist, otolaryngologist, psychotherapist and neurologist.

Diet for atopic dermatitis in children

Diet therapy is essential: it is food allergens that can give a violent skin response. In the first place - products from cow's milk. If a "milk" allergy is detected in an "artificial worker", mixtures with soy substitutes will be preferable for him: "Alsoy", "Nutrilak soy", "Frisosoy" and others.

However, it may turn out that the baby does not perceive soy. For children of the first year of life, hypoallergenic formulations with an increased degree of protein hydrolysis are suitable: Alfare, Nutramigen, Pregestimil, and others. If you have a reaction to gluten, you will have to exclude cereals or replace them with gluten-free ones.

In difficult cases, the doctor may prescribe a complete hydrolyzate, such as Neocate, along with the therapy ""

For complementary foods, you can not choose foods with high sensitizing activity, for example, citrus fruits, nuts, honey, strawberries.

Subsequently, when compiling a diet, it should be taken into account that when reacting to milk protein, an allergy to beef is real. The organism of the crumbs, which does not perceive mold fungi, will give a violent response to yeast products - from bread to kefir.

The diet for atopic dermatitis in children involves a special menu. Broths, mayonnaise, marinades, pickles, roasts, food containing dyes and preservatives are not recommended.

Sample menu for this disease:

1. Breakfast - porridge from soaked buckwheat with vegetable oil.
2. Lunch - vegetable cream soup, a little boiled chicken, freshly squeezed apple juice.
3. Dinner - millet porridge with vegetable oil.

As a snack - gluten-free cookies, an apple.

Drinking water should choose artesian or non-carbonated mineral. It should be at least 1.5 liters per day so that toxins can be freely excreted in the urine.

The doctor may also prescribe fish oil to strengthen the child's immunity and strengthen cell membranes.

Control of the surrounding area

The well-known pediatrician Komarovsky is sure that with atopic dermatitis in children, the main thing is to exclude the effect of irritating factors on the skin. For this you need:

• regular wet cleaning, washing linen, covers on upholstered furniture;
• keeping toys in perfect cleanliness;
• the use of hypoallergenic detergent compositions;
• refusal of washcloths and hard towels;
• lack of electrical appliances in the bedroom;
• selection of loose clothing made from natural fabrics.

You can bathe your baby only in dechlorinated, filtered water. Use baby soap only once a week. After washing, the skin is blotted with a gentle towel and an emollient is applied, for example, Bepanten cream or Bepanten ointment in difficult cases, Lipikar or F-99.

It is important to avoid non-specific risk factors - nervous and physical overload, passive smoking, infectious diseases.

Essential emollients

How to treat atopic dermatitis? In acute conditions, a doctor for external use may prescribe corticosteroids. Compositions for softening and moisturizing are needed constantly. Ideal emollients for atopic dermatitis in children.

Here is a list of the most popular ones:

• Locobase Lipikrem. The same company produces another cream for atopic dermatitis in children - Locobase Ripea. In the first case, the active ingredient is liquid paraffin, which softens the skin. In the second - ceramides, cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which contribute to the regeneration of the skin.
• A series of products "Topicrem" for the care of atopic children. For babies, a lipid-replenishing balm and Ultra Rish gel, which cleanses the skin, are suitable.
• Milk or cream "A-Derma" - a good prophylactic agent, moisturizes and protects the skin.
• Stelatopia series from the manufacturer Mustela. These are creams, emulsions and bathing compositions that soften the epidermis and help its regeneration.
• Balm "Lipikar". It contains lipid-replenishing karite and canola oils, glycine to relieve itching and wound healing thermal water. In addition, the pharmaceutical laboratory La Roche-Posay has created hygiene products Lipikar Surgra, Lipikar Syndet, Lipikar Bath Oil, suitable for babies with atopic dermatitis.

These products reduce flaking and inflammation, restore the water and lipid balance of the skin, cleanse impurities and prevent the development of bacteria. Emollients penetrate no further than the epidermis, which in principle eliminates side effects. Therefore, they can be used even for the youngest patients.

Systemic pharmaceutical treatment

Sometimes systemic therapy is needed. The course may include:

• Antihistamines. Those with a relaxing effect (Suprastin, Tavegil) are useful if the baby cannot fall asleep due to itching. And new generation pharmaceuticals (Cetrin, Zirtek, Erius) in all other cases - they do not provoke drowsiness and are very effective.
• Antibiotics for secondary infection. With atopic dermatitis in children, antibiotic ointments (erythromycin, gentamicin, xeroform, furatsilin, levomikol, others) are ideal. The drug "Zinocap" is good - it has not only antibacterial, but also antifungal, anti-inflammatory effects. In difficult cases, doctors prescribe oral antibiotic drugs. Antibiotics should only be used under medical supervision so as not to aggravate the allergic process. Applications with Vishnevsky ointment can also be applied to wounds; this drug promotes rapid healing of wounds.
• Means against viruses and fungi - if the corresponding infection has been introduced.
• Immunomodulators according to the prescription of an allergist-immunologist and vitamin complexes with B15 and B6 to accelerate skin regeneration.
• Drugs to improve digestion ("Panzinorm", "Pancreatin", "Creon", "Festal"), as well as choleretic agents and hepatoprotectors ("Gepabene", "Essentiale Forte", "Allochol", infusion of corn stigmas or rose hips) .
• Enterosorbents ("Enterosgel", "", activated carbon) to block intestinal toxins.

Therapy for allergic dermatitis is carried out on an outpatient basis. But with a serious skin lesion, the baby is hospitalized.

Treatment with folk remedies and physiotherapy

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children with alternative methods is carried out only under the supervision of a physician. Healing decoctions and potions, which abound in any forum about medicinal herbs and traditional medicine, with individual intolerance, can only harm the child.

The safest of these products are cleansing baths. They help relieve itching and discomfort.

They bathe the baby in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, in water with the addition of a decoction of celandine or string, chamomile, calendula. It is good to pour a mixture of potato starch with water into the bath (a small spoonful of powder per liter). The water should not be too hot, and the procedure itself does not last more than 15 minutes. Bathing with the addition of oatmeal also has a very good effect on the condition of the baby's skin.

Therapeutic effect on inflammation also have ointments based on birch tar.

Spa treatment and physiotherapy procedures are very useful for atopic children. With remission, pearl, sodium chloride, hydrogen sulfide, iodine-bromine baths, mud therapy are suitable. With a bright manifestation of symptoms - electrosleep, magnetotherapy, carbon baths, relaxing procedures.

Atopic dermatitis is a skin autoimmune disease that manifests itself throughout life in some way and has heredity.

The disease is not contagious, manifesting itself as an allergic rash. Atopy is a term proposed by American researchers in the first half of the 20th century, which united all allergic diseases that have heredity.

People who are prone to the disease are called atopic.

The concept has been put forward that the main impetus for the development of the disease is the immune mechanism. Atypical allergies in children are manifested by unbearable skin itching, numerous rashes and increased levels of immunoglobulin E.

There is a strong sensitivity to irritants of an allergic or non-allergic nature. It should be distinguished from psoriasis, seborrheic and contact dermatitis, urticaria, prickly heat.

Atopic dermatitis in children is one of the most common ailments that manifests itself on the skin in the first 6 months after birth. Children under one year of age have a greater tendency.

Diffuse neurodermatitis, as this pathology is also called, is often associated with other allergic diseases - bronchial asthma or, for example, allergic rhinitis.

In advanced stages, atypical dermatitis in children can lead to a bacterial infection caused by staphylococcus aureus. There is the following classification of the disease:

• infant;
• children;
• teenage (adult).

Causes of the disease

Genetic predisposition to allergies and harmful environmental factors are the main causes of allergic dermatitis. In addition, it is worth highlighting a number of factors that favor the development of the disease:

The main reason for the development of atopic dermatitis in children is a genetic predisposition to allergies. Very often, along with eczema, the child also suffers from severe allergies to plant pollen, dust, and pet hair. Predisposing factors or the so-called impetus for the development of the disease are:

The main causes of atopic dermatitis are:

Allergists distinguish the basis of the factor - heredity. Genetic predisposition affects the manifestation of negative symptoms in contact with various allergens.

Other causes of atopic dermatitis in children:

• hereditary predisposition. The tendency to allergic diseases is formed in a child in the womb. If one of the parents of the baby was ill / is ill with atopic dermatitis or allergies, then the chances are high that the child will develop this disease.

Poor-quality toys, hygiene products, clothing. Toys made from chemical components, synthetic fibers in clothes, unnatural composition of hygiene products can provoke dermatitis on the baby's sensitive skin.

• Insect bites, touching plants. With insufficient protective function of the child's body, even a mosquito bite or contact with nettles can cause an atopic rash.
• Food. The gastrointestinal tract of a child of the first year of life produces an insufficient amount of enzymes that contribute to the digestive process. Non-compliance with a diet by a nursing mother, the presence of allergic products in the child's diet, a change in nutrition from breastfeeding to artificial - can provoke the onset of the disease.
• Against the background of other diseases. Other diseases are associated with atopic dermatitis - diabetes, anemia, gastritis, enterocolitis, bronchial asthma.

Stages and symptoms of the disease

In modern practice, there are 4 stages of atopic dermatitis:

• Initial. Peeling, swelling of the skin on the cheeks, hyperemia appears. Peculiar to children with exudative-catarrhal type of disease. It is noteworthy that in this phase the disease can be cured with a special hypoallergenic diet.
• Expressed. It is characterized by a chronic phase, when rashes appear on the skin with a certain sequence, and an acute one. In this case, the rashes are covered with crusts and scales.
• Remission. All symptoms of the disease disappear or disappear altogether. The duration of the stage is calculated in weeks, and in some cases even years.
• clinical recovery. The main signs of the disease at this stage may be completely absent or not appear for years.

The manifestations of the disease depend on the stage of dermatitis:

Clinicians distinguish four stages of progression of atopic dermatitis in a child:

• initial - the most striking manifestation of the clinical picture;
• pronounced - the transition of the disease from acute to chronic form;
• remission - symptoms disappear partially or completely;
• the period of clinical recovery - the symptoms of the disease do not appear for 3-7 years.

The disease has three stages that appear in children in their first 12 years of life. These include:

• infant. It affects babies aged 2 months - 2 years. It is commonly referred to as diathesis. This stage of the disease affects the face, folds of the limbs, it can also spread to the scalp, buttocks, and the entire body;
• children's. It affects the skin of children aged 2 to 12 years. Rashes on the epithelium appear more often in the neck, on the hands, on the folds of the limbs;
• teenage. Rashes affect the skin of a teenager in the décolleté, on the elbow pits, and the wrist. The most severe damage to the skin is observed on the face and neck.

In addition to the childhood form of atopic dermatitis, there is also an adult form. It is usually found in people over the age of 12. This form of the disease is characterized by a completely different course.

Signs of atopic dermatitis

Each age of the child is characterized by its manifestations of atopic dermatitis. To date, there are three periods of the clinical course of the pathology.

infant form

There is a pathology in a child aged 0-2 years. The following symptoms are characteristic:

• red inflammatory spots on the skin of a child (diathesis) - especially pronounced on the forehead, cheeks, chin;
• restless sleep;
• severe itching, burning;
• weight loss;
• acute course of the disease;
• reddened places get wet;
• puffiness;
• the formation of crusts;
• focal inflammation in the buttocks, scalp, legs;
• the formation of papular elements against the background of reddened skin.

Children's uniform

Symptoms

The main signs of atopic dermatitis in babies under 1 year old are eczema and severe itching. Older children suffer from irritation in the armpits and groin, on the folds of the legs and arms, on the neck, around the mouth and eyes.

In cold weather, the disease begins to worsen in most patients. In children, such features as deep wrinkles on the eyelids, a symptom of "winter foot", thinning hair on the back of the head can be distinguished.

As a rule, atopic dermatitis occurs in a child with periods of exacerbations and persistent remissions. The psycho-emotional upheavals of the child, past illnesses and eating prohibited foods contribute to the aggravation.

Neurodermatitis is characterized by seasonality: in autumn and winter, the skin condition worsens significantly, and in the summer the disease ceases to bother the child.

So, the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in children are:

• peeling of the skin;
• itching that gets worse at night
• wetting of combed areas of the skin;
• strengthening of the skin pattern in the affected areas;
• thickening of the affected areas of the skin, coarsening.

There are infantile (from birth to two years), children (from two to 13 years), adolescent (from 13 years) atopic dermatitis, which has its own characteristics in certain age periods.

Symptoms of allergic dermatitis in children under 2 years old, 2-13 years old and adolescents

At any age, the constant accompanying atopic dermatitis are skin rashes, dry skin, severe skin itching, thickening of the skin and peeling.

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis for different ages are somewhat different. The following signs are characteristic of the infantile phase of the disease: reddening of the skin, development of dermatitis, reddish rashes on the skin of the face, neck, abdomen, buttocks, on the flexion surfaces of the limbs in the area of ​​the elbow and knee joints, inguinal folds.

There are such symptoms of atopic dermatitis as dryness and peeling of the skin, severe itching in the area of ​​​​inflammation, the appearance of small yellowish-gray crusts, the formation of cracks and bubbles with a clear liquid inside on the surface of the skin.

With a disease in the childhood phase, the symptoms described above are supplemented by localizations of manifestations in the area of ​​​​the feet, palms, skin folds. A protracted course of the disease is possible, with periods of exacerbations and temporary disappearance of symptoms. The child suffers from skin itching, sleep disturbance is possible.

Atopic dermatitis in infants can manifest itself in the form of the following symptoms:

• severe itching;
• skin hyperemia;
• the formation of cracks in the place of redness;
• rashes on the face, in places where the skin is bent;
• baby anxiety, poor sleep;
• almost complete lack of appetite.

Clinicians note that in more complex cases, the child may have a fever of up to 38 degrees.

Rashes characteristic of this pathology are localized in such places:

• folds of the limbs;
• hairy part of the head;
• ears, cheeks, chin.

The atopic form of dermatitis in a child of the age group from six months to 3 years manifests itself in the form of the following symptoms:

• skin redness;
• swelling of the skin;
• the formation of pityriasis scales;
• profuse peeling of the affected areas of the skin;
• weight loss;
• increased dryness of the skin;
• the formation of seals (in places).

Elements of the rash are localized in such places:

• skin on the face;
• mucosa of the airways;
• elbow bends, foot;
• neck area.

For children of the age group older than three years, the following symptoms of the progression of atopic dermatitis are characteristic:

• increased dryness of the skin with the formation of scales, visually resembling bran;
• redness of the skin;
• the formation of cracks in the places of folds of the skin.

In some cases, rashes pass into the stage of formation of crusts, which gradually dry out and fall off. It should also be noted that for all age categories, with the development of this pathological process, a sharp weight loss and an almost complete lack of appetite are characteristic.

Clinicians note that in rare clinical cases, at the initial stage of the development of the disease, there may be no symptoms. In addition, many parents, with the manifestations of the above symptoms, do not seek medical help in a timely manner, trying to eliminate the symptoms through folk remedies.

This form of the disease has a seasonal manifestation - in the summer there are practically no symptoms, while in winter there is an exacerbation.

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis can be expressed by the following manifestations:

• intolerable itching;
• redness of the skin (pictured);
• a rash that may be weepy;
• the appearance of a scab at the opening of a watery rash.

All these symptoms are very similar to allergic ones, however, there are some features when atopic dermatitis develops in children.

The symptoms of atopic diseases are usually undulating, i.e. getting rid of the rash, they may reappear after 3-4 days. The skin can be very itchy even in the absence of hyperemia, but all external manifestations are effectively removed by glucocorticosteroids.

Another characteristic feature of atopic dermatitis is its development even after the complete exclusion of highly allergenic foods from the diet.

With the development of atopic dermatitis, the patient notices the following signs:

• dryness of the epidermis;
• severe, annoying itching;
• redness of the epidermis;
• peeling of the skin on the cheeks.

A feature of the disease is a decrease, the complete disappearance of redness when entering the cold.

Each of the stages is characterized by special symptoms:

Atopic dermatitis is an allergic disease that manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the skin, excessive dryness, peeling of the skin in areas where redness, irritation, and fluid bubbles appear.

What are the symptoms to determine the presence of atopic dermatitis in a child:

• The rash is localized in the areas of folds on the trunk, buttocks, limbs, face with the same frequency. It can appear on the back, scalp, in places of friction, contact with clothing - knees, elbows, neck, cheeks.
• Initially, redness is noted on the skin area, accompanied by the appearance of an atopic rash, vesicles with fluid and itching.
• With prolonged combing, the skin area swells, becomes covered with a crust, becomes very dry, forming cracks and bleeding wounds, erosion.
• Diathesis - reddened cheeks, forehead, chin. The manifestation of diathesis along with dermatitis occurs in infants, children from 1 to 3 years old.
• Increased nervousness, emotionality, hyperactivity.
• Violation of the gastrointestinal tract - diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
• Conjunctivitis, rashes on the lips, eyelids, nasal mucosa - with a prolonged course of dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis occurs in stages of exacerbation and remission. An exacerbation is characterized by increased itching, scabies, as a result of which an infection that develops pustular formations can enter the wounds.

Remission and deterioration of the condition falls on a cold and damp time, creating a favorable environment for the development of infection.

Diagnostics

Carrying out a visual examination of the skin is a preparatory stage in making a diagnosis, after which a series of tests is prescribed. These include diagnosing blood for sugar and biochemistry, as well as a general urine test.

If a disease is detected, studies of the gastrointestinal tract and thyroid gland may be additionally prescribed. Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in children can be made as an allergen test.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of a visual examination of the child's skin surface. As a rule, the favorite places of localization of atopic dermatitis are the elbows and knees, cheeks and buttocks.

To exclude a fungal infection, the doctor must take scrapings from the affected surfaces. In addition to a visual examination of the patient, the history of life is important: a hereditary factor, which was the impetus for the development of the disease, the presence of allergies.

An important study in the diagnosis of childhood eczema is a biochemical blood test for immunoglobulin E, the amount of which in this case is greatly increased.

At the first sign of an allergic disease, contact your pediatrician. After examining a young patient, talking with parents, the doctor often gives a referral for a consultation with narrow specialists.

Be sure to visit:

• allergist;
• gastroenterologist;
• pulmonologist;
• immunologist;
• pediatric neurologist.

Children take a blood test, urine test, undergo special tests to determine the irritant (or several negative factors).

Note! To prescribe a treatment regimen, it is necessary to study the causes and symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children, analyzes to identify the allergen, and the degree of sensitization of the body.

Learn useful information about symptoms and treatment of other diseases in children. For example, read about prickly heat here; about diathesis - here; about jaundice - on this page. About diaper rash in babies is written at this address; learn about rickets here; we have a separate article about thrush in the oral cavity. About the treatment of laryngitis is written here; pyelonephritis - here; bronchitis - on this page; gastritis - at this address; about allergic rash we have a separate article.

Medical therapy

How to treat atopic dermatitis in a child? An integrated approach is important:

• antihistamines. Medicines are prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the age of the child, the clinical picture, the cause of the exacerbation. Drugs relieve symptoms, but do not eliminate the cause of the allergy. Effective means: Fenistil (gel / drops), Erius, Tsetrin, Zirtek, Diazolin, Claritin;
• non-hormonal ointments and gels. Compositions with anti-inflammatory, soothing, antiseptic action. Ointments moisturize the inflamed areas, accelerate the regeneration process. Losterin, Zinocap, Bepanten, Solcoseryl, Desitin, Protopic and others are effective. Always use products according to the age of the small patient;
• hormonal ointments. Potent drugs are allowed to be used in short courses. Means have side effects, often cause problems with the kidneys, liver, and increase the dryness of the skin. For the treatment of the face, neck, especially in infants, weaker drugs are suitable: Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone. Potent hormonal ointments for the treatment of severe forms of dermatitis: Elocom, Advantan, Sinalar, Kutiveit and others.

In newborns, the initial manifestation of atopic dermatitis is similar to a simple allergy to food or household factors. That is why many parents do not seek medical help in a timely manner.

At the first manifestations of the above clinical picture in a child, you should seek medical help. The doctor will conduct a personal examination, find out the anamnesis and prescribe additional tests. The standard diagnostic program includes the following:

With the help of these diagnostic methods, the doctor can not only accurately diagnose, but also establish the cause of the development of the pathological process, and prescribe the correct treatment.

It is unacceptable to treat a child on his own, with the help of folk remedies. Such arbitrariness can lead to the development of complications.

If a child is suspected of developing atopic dermatitis, the following specialists should be visited:

• neuropathologist;
• allergist;
• gastroenterologist.

There are no specific laboratory markers to diagnose atopic dermatitis. Given this feature, the diagnosis of the disease is carried out by detecting characteristic clinical signs. The diagnostic algorithm of the disease consists of:

• mandatory criteria. These include itching, the nature of localization, the morphology of the rash, the presence of a chronic relapsing course, atopy, the presence of a hereditary predisposition to atopy;
• additional criteria. These include the following: Palmar ichthyosis, keratoconus, epithelial xerosis, nipple eczema, Denier-Morgan's folds, anterior subcapsular cataract, recurrent conjunctivitis, erythroderma, rashes on the hands, feet, elevated levels of immunoglobulin E.

The diagnosis of "atopic dermatitis" is considered clearly defined in the case when the patient has 3 or more mandatory, additional signs. By the way, with solar dermatitis and childhood eczema, a differential analysis is performed with this type of dermatitis.

We will discuss how to treat atopic dermatitis in adults and children below.

Medical treatment

A pediatrician can treat atopic dermatitis, because this diagnosis has to be made when examining almost every second baby. In chronic, complicated forms, you should consult a pediatric allergist, dermatologist, immunologist, gastroenterologist, neurologist. What treatment for atopic dermatitis in children can a doctor prescribe?

Antihistamines

They are used in the form of external means - ointments. The most famous drug is Fenistil-gel.

Also available in the form of tablets, solutions, drops and suspensions. These drugs do not treat the cause of the disease, they only help to neutralize histamine in the blood, relieve itching and swelling.

There are first and second generation antihistamines. The first includes - "Suprastin", "Tavegil", "Dimedrol", "Fenkarol", "Diazolin", "Pipolfen".

They have a pronounced sedative effect, so they can not be taken for a long time.

New generation antihistamines can be drunk for several months. The most famous drugs: "Erius", "Cetrin", "Claritin", "Zirtek", "Terfen".

Do not cause drowsiness and severe side effects. The effectiveness of antihistamines in some clinical cases is questionable, so the doctor can not always prescribe these drugs.

Hormonal corticosteroids for external use

All information on how to treat atopic dermatitis in a child has long been collected by specialists and does not cause them any difficulties. They note that effective treatment requires a common approach to the current problem. It includes:

• Removal of provocateurs of the disease from the daily life of the child
• Healing of affected skin (topical treatment)
• Full recovery of the body to eliminate all symptoms and prevent their occurrence in the future

Local treatment of the disease helps:

• Reduce and then completely eliminate manifestations in the form of dry skin, inflammation and itching
• Ensure the normal functioning of skin cells
• Repair damaged epithelium
• Prevent re-infection of the skin

For treatment, the doctor uses various methods of external therapy:

Representatives of traditional medicine also know how to cure atopic dermatitis in a child, relieve symptoms. They argue, and this is confirmed by the opinion of experts, that the approach to treatment should be comprehensive.

Therefore, in addition to traditional drugs, it is also necessary to use folk remedies. They must be carefully selected so as not to cause an additional allergic reaction.

The use of herbal decoctions

To soften children's skin, while eliminating the existing itching, baths with the addition of herbal decoctions are widely used. To achieve the desired effect, their child should be done every day.

You need to carefully check the temperature of the water: it should not exceed +37 C. After completing the procedure, you need to gently blot the baby's skin with a towel and spread it with cream.

Examples of possible baths

The approach to the treatment of the disease is complex. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is not applied to atopic dermatitis, but bathing, on the contrary, is recommended, since this can moisturize the skin.

When bathing and washing, you should use a special soap. In addition to hypoallergenic nutrition and prevention, there are other methods for treating atopic dermatitis in a child:

• drug treatment;
• folk remedies;
• homeopathy;
• physiotherapy.

Medical treatment of atopic dermatitis

Claritin, Zodak, Zirtek and other antihistamines (solutions or tablets) should be used to eliminate itching and relieve swelling. In addition, the following drugs are used for atopic dermatitis in children:

• antibiotics for secondary infection (macrolides);
• antihistamines;
• cephalosporins;
• vitamins;
• hormonal drugs;
• retinoid agents;
• homeopathic preparations;
• immunomodulators;
• membrane stabilizing agents;
• antiviral drugs;
• enzymes;
• antifungal agents.

How to smear atopic dermatitis in a child

When choosing the treatment of dermatitis in children with folk remedies, it is worth paying special attention to the choice of components. The action of some drugs can cause an allergic reaction in the body, especially in young children.

Herbal treatment at home brings effectiveness in the early stages. At later times, you will have to additionally use medications.

Treatment of allergic dermatitis begins with the elimination of the factor that provokes the appearance of rashes.

With severe cracks in the skin, weeping and infection of the affected areas, it is advisable to use antiseptic ointments, which include glucocorticosteroids.

However, it is important to understand that the topical application of hormonal ointments, although it will quickly eliminate the symptoms of the disease, is by no means a method of treating neurodermatitis, moreover, the abuse of hormones can lead to the development of bronchial asthma or worsening of the condition.

During the period of stable remission, the child is shown sanatorium treatment of atopic dermatitis. The basis of sanatorium treatment is climatotherapy, various baths (hydrogen sulfide, sodium chloride, iodine-bromine, radon, pearl).

It is important to understand that only a child in remission can be referred for treatment. A contraindication to visiting the resort is atopic dermatitis in the acute and subacute stages, the presence of pustular rashes and weeping of pathological areas.

Non-drug treatment

Treatment is prescribed after accurate confirmation of the diagnosis. It is impossible to treat a child without consulting a specialist, since a number of diseases can have similar symptoms, therefore, self-medication can harm the child's health.

Treatment of the disease must necessarily be comprehensive and systemic, and begin with the elimination of all irritating effects (allergens) on the child's body.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis is prescribed, to which a hypoallergenic diet is certainly supplemented, excluding all foods that can provoke an exacerbation: citrus fruits, chicken protein and broth, chocolate, cow's milk, nuts, etc.

products, mostly orange and red. In the diet, preference is given to sour-milk products, cereals, vegetable and fruit puree from green products.

You should pay attention to the clothes of the child, be careful about clothes made of synthetic and woolen fabrics, which can cause an allergic reaction and complicate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

Of the drug therapy, antihistamines and glucocorticosteroid topical agents (creams, ointments) are used. Tar-based external preparations have shown their effectiveness.

Hormonal drugs are prescribed for those forms of the disease in which atopic dermatitis is severe and with complications. They are used with caution and only according to the indications of the attending physician. According to the indications, phototherapy and psychotherapy are used.

In severe cases, the course of the disease requires hospitalization of the child.

The main question of parents when contacting a doctor is how to cure atopic dermatitis in a child? It is important to note that getting rid of this disease requires a long-term complex effect.

As a rule, the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children is carried out in 2 directions: drug and non-drug. Often, emollients are prescribed to alleviate the general condition of the patient.

In addition to drug therapy, folk remedies are widely used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. It must be remembered that the treatment of atopy with folk remedies should be carried out only in combination with traditional treatment and adherence to a special diet.

Together, the complex of these measures allows you to remove the acute symptoms of the disease.

To remove negative symptoms, you can use the following folk remedies:

Therapeutic bath

• taking therapeutic baths with birch buds, which should be brewed with hot water and boiled for 5-7 minutes. After that, the decoction is added to a non-hot bath (up to 37 ° C.). After the end of the procedure, the child is wiped dry and smeared with a healing cream;
• in addition to herbs for atopic dermatitis, starch can be used for the bath (3 tablespoons per 1 liter of boiling water), as well as sea salt (5 tablespoons are added to the prepared bath for bathing a child);

• there is another recipe for making a bath called Cleopatra. To prepare it, you need to take 100 gr. olive oil + 100 ml. fresh milk. The prepared mixture is poured into the bath before bathing and contributes to the rapid cleansing of the skin from external manifestations, as well as moisturizing the skin.

Treatment with folk remedies that are added to bathing water helps to moisturize the skin and relieve itching. As a rule, there are no contraindications for taking therapeutic baths, with the exception of individual intolerance to additional components.

home remedies for atopic dermatitis

You can relieve the acute symptoms of atopic dermatitis with such folk remedies as ointment and lotion prepared at home.

The most commonly used recipes are:

• on the affected area with atopic dermatitis, lotions with freshly squeezed potato juice (aloe) can be applied;
• a good effect is achieved when using lotions with 15 gr. yasnotki and borage herbs. Prepared components are poured with 1 glass of hot water and infused for 2-3 hours. After cooling, a sterile napkin is dipped into the solution and applied to the affected area;

• a positive effect is provided by an ointment prepared using propolis (10 gr.) And 250 ml. olive oils. The prepared substance is placed in an oven preheated to 150 ° C and heated for at least 40 minutes. After cooling, the mass is applied to the skin and can be stored in a cool dark place;
• Folk remedies for the treatment of atopic dermatitis often use an ointment with the addition of a baby cream. To prepare it, you need to take 50 gr. baby cream, mixing it with 1 tbsp. l. fresh aloe, 1 tsp valerian tincture and 5 gr. olive oils. To obtain a therapeutic effect, the prepared ointment is applied 2-3 times a day to the affected areas of the body;

• Another external treatment for atopic dermatitis in a child is an ointment with the addition of mummy and string. To prepare the mixture, take 1 tbsp. olive oil, 1 tbsp. l. dry powder string and 5 gr. mummy. All ingredients are mixed and heated in a water bath for 1 hour, after which the mixture is filtered and poured into a clean transparent container. The ointment is applied 1-2 times a day to the affected areas of the skin.

It must be remembered that any treatment, including folk recipes, should be carried out only after consultation with the attending physician.

Only after confirming the diagnosis, the specialist will tell you how to cure the pathology. Do not self-treat atopic dermatitis.

Similar symptoms can be observed in other serious diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, pink lichen, microbial eczema, contact dermatitis in children.

Inadequate treatment can endanger the life of the baby.

Traditional medicine contains many methods that are actively used for children with dermatitis. With a mild form of the disease, baths with medicinal herbs, such as string and chamomile, will have a beneficial effect.

Before proceeding with the treatment of the disease, it is important to find the cause that provoked the regular exacerbation of the disease. If this is not done, the rash will appear on the skin again and again.

When diagnosing atopic dermatitis in a child, it is necessary to apply a complex treatment prescribed after consultations with several doctors - an allergist, a dermatologist, a nutritionist, a gastroenterologist, a neuropsychiatrist.

Medical treatment

When prescribing the treatment of atopic dermatitis with medications, the age of the child, the spread of lesions on the skin, the presence of other diseases, and complications caused by dermatitis are taken into account.

Group of prescribed drugs:

• Corticosteroid creams, ointments (locoid, celestoderm, akriderm, sinaflan, diprosalic).
• Antiseptics (fukartsin).
• Antibiotics (ointment baktroban, levosin, fucidin).
• Hyposensitizing (sodium thiosulfate).
• Antihistamines (tavegil, suprastin, ketotifen, claritin).
• Antibacterial (lorinden C, lincomycin ointment).
• Sedatives (collections of herbs, valerian, persen).
• Enzymes (mezim, pancreatin).
• Eubiotics (linex, lactiale).
• Antiviral drugs (acyclovir, famvir).

Tavegil. An antihistamine, the active ingredient of which is clemastine. Available in the form of a solution or tablets. Not intended for children under one year old.

Elokom. A hormonal drug, available in the form of an ointment / cream and lotion. It has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, anti-exudative action, reduces swelling on the skin.

Fukartsin. Applied externally. It has an antifungal, antimicrobial effect. Apply to wounds, erosions, cracks 2-4 times / day.

Lincomycin ointment. Contains the antibiotic lincomycin, has an antimicrobial effect. Apply 1-2 times / day externally, on a clean area of ​​​​skin, after preliminary removal of purulent masses.

Acyclovir. It is used in the presence of herpes simplex virus in patients, for the prevention of the development of infectious diseases with reduced immunity. Available in the form of tablets, injection or ointment.

Linex. A preparation containing 3 types of viable lactic acid bacteria. It is used in violation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, dysbacteriosis.

Physiotherapy in the treatment of dermatitis in children

In parallel with medications, the treatment of atopic dermatitis in young patients is accompanied by:

• The use of baths with salt, potassium permanganate, radon, herbs.
• Applying wet-drying dressings to the affected areas.
• Irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp.
• Paraffin applications.

A decoction of birch buds. You will need 1 cup of birch buds, 2 cups of boiling water. Pour the kidneys with boiling water, cook in a steam bath for 20 minutes. Strain and wipe the affected areas of the skin.

Oak bark. To prepare a decoction, you need to take 2 tablespoons of oak bark, 1 liter of water. Grind oak bark, pour water, cook on a steam bath for about an hour. Ready-made broth can be drunk, or dressings can be applied to an atopic rash.

Chamomile, string and sage. 2 tablespoons of each herb, pour a glass of boiling water, cook for 40 minutes. Let the broth brew in a cool place, then wipe the wounds, apply gauze compresses.

Cranberry juice. Take 400 grams of cranberries, pass through a juicer. Mix 50 ml of freshly squeezed cranberry juice with 200 g of Vaseline. Apply externally as an ointment.

Aloe juice, Kalanchoe and honey. For one glass of Kalanchoe juice, take the same amount of liquid honey, mix, place in a dark, cool place for 1 week. In the finished tincture, add half a glass of aloe juice. Lubricate the affected areas of the skin.

Treatment with folk remedies

You can use traditional medicine only as prescribed by a doctor. As a rule, folk remedies help well only in tandem with the main drug treatment.

Folk remedies for atopic dermatitis are presented in the form of herbal decoction baths, which have antiseptic and soothing properties. However, it is better to use such remedies from traditional medicine after consulting a doctor.

This is due to the fact that the child may also be allergic to the remedy itself.

Clinicians note that in most cases, it is traditional medicine using herbs or other home-made products that significantly aggravate the situation. Therefore, you should not deal with the treatment of the child on your own.

Folk remedies

With an exacerbation of the disease, baths with the addition of starch to the water help to somewhat reduce the itching of the skin. In a basin with warm water, add 1 liter of boiled water with 1 tablespoon of potato starch dissolved in it, the duration of the procedure is at least 15 minutes, after which the affected areas need only be slightly blotted with a flannel diaper.

It is not recommended to use medicinal herbs for these purposes, as they can only aggravate the skin condition and cause even more itching and irritation.

Prevention

In order to prevent exacerbations of atopic dermatitis in children, it is recommended:

Parents should teach their child how to properly care for their skin, use moisturizers and other topical preparations, and also reduce contact with adverse environmental factors that can provoke an exacerbation of the disease.

Prevention of exacerbations in atopic dermatitis is:

1. Diet and proper nutrition.
2. Safe environment for the child.
3. Use of soaps and detergents with a moisturizing effect. Water procedures should be limited, you should wash in warm water for no more than 10 minutes.
4. Wearing loose-fitting clothing made of cotton without the use of various dyes.
5. New clothes should be washed and ironed before wearing.
6. When washing, you need to use the minimum amount of powder, fabric softener, and also set the option - extra rinse. It is better to dry clothes not in a house or apartment, but on a balcony or on the street.
7. Contact as little as possible with allergens that cause an exacerbation of the disease.
8. Completely follow the doctor's instructions.

To avoid exacerbations, children suffering from atopic dermatitis should not:

• use hygiene products containing alcohol;
• use antimicrobials without a doctor's prescription;
• stay in the sun for a long time;
• participate in sports competitions;
• stay in the water for a long time, take hot baths;
• during washing, use harsh products (washcloths, but it is acceptable to use a washcloth made of terry cloth).

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When diagnosing atopic dermatitis, parents should reconsider their lifestyle, create a comfortable environment with a minimum number of annoying factors. Until the baby is strong, it is easier to rebuild than to look at the endless suffering of a son or daughter. It is hard to constantly run to doctors in the hope of a cure if there are no conditions for improving health at home.

Prevention measures are simple, but require constant implementation:

Preventive measures to prevent atopic dermatitis in a child include the following procedures:

• exclusion of all kinds of allergens;
• washing children's underwear and clothes only using anti-allergic powder and separately from adult clothes;
• use only proven baby skin care products;
• gradual introduction of complementary foods in small portions;
• systematic consultations with a pediatrician, an allergist.

At the first manifestations of the clinical picture, you should immediately seek medical help, and not test folk remedies.

To avoid the development of atopic dermatitis, the following rules must be observed:

1. Moisturize skin frequently.
2. Limit contact with irritants (household chemicals, detergents) that provoke the development of an allergic reaction as much as possible.
3. Take medicines prescribed by the doctor.
4. Do not comb damaged areas.
5. Bathe your child often in warm water.

So that the problem of atopic dermatitis does not affect your children and does not have to be treated, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

• From an early age, use only proper nutrition. If a child is breastfeeding, a woman should follow proper nutrition - exclude the use of everything that can cause dermatitis.
• For skin care, use a hypoallergenic cream and soap.
• After bathing, do not dry your baby's skin, but pat it dry with a cotton towel.
• Try not to use baby wipes, they can cause inflammation of the dermatitis. Whenever possible, it is best to wash the skin with soap and water.
• Avoid prolonged exposure of children to the sun.
• If you need a long walk, keep all your baby's individual things in a separate bag.
• Clothing and bedding should be made from cotton or other natural fabrics.
• Check with your doctor before getting vaccinated to see if these medications can cause allergies.

If atopic dermatitis already exists, in order not to resort to treatment, it is necessary to prevent an exacerbation. You can also follow the above recommendations and additionally use folk recipes.

Note that dermatitis is not contagious, the child can attend school or kindergarten. Follow diets, use digestive enzymes, vitamins, herbs, and then you can refuse drug treatment of dermatitis in a child.

In order for you to have a complete picture of this disease, we recommend that you watch a video that tells about the features of atopic dermatitis in children, as well as treatment methods. But we will be glad if you share your experience of treating this disease by talking about it in the comments.

hypoallergenic diet

Proper nutrition in the chronic form of the disease is an indispensable way to prevent the disease and increase the period of its recurrence. Therefore, if you want to reduce the risk of the return of unpleasant symptoms in your child, you should not neglect the therapeutic diet.

Nutrition for atopic dermatitis in children under 1 year old

Compliance with the correct composition and diet helps to overcome the manifestation of the disease. Diet for atopic dermatitis involves reducing the intake of sugar and salt. The following list of products should be excluded from the menu:

• chicken eggs;
• products containing gluten;
• milk;
• chocolate;
• fatty meat and fish;
• vegetables, fruits, berries of red or bright orange color;
• nuts;
• milk products;
• all kinds of sauces;
• smoking;
• marinades.

For children under one year, complementary foods are introduced gradually, adding new foods no more than once a week. It is preferable to feed babies with mixtures and products intended for baby food, which can be easily found on the shelves in stores.

For children and adults, cereals are allowed to be cooked on vegetable or fruit broths; low-fat options should be chosen from dairy products. When buying meat, choose rabbit or beef.

Potatoes are soaked for a long time before cooking to minimize their starch content.

A hypoallergenic diet is one of the main measures for the treatment of allergic dermatitis during an exacerbation. The diet is aimed at improving the condition of the skin and includes the following principles:

It is not advisable to treat such a disease with medications alone, since in many cases the cause of the pathological process is food allergies. Therefore, it is very important to review the nutrition of the child. If we are talking about a newborn, then you should pay attention to the nutrition of the mother.

For the period of treatment, you should follow the diet prescribed by your doctor. The product that provokes allergies is completely excluded from the nutrition of the baby and the parent. The introduction of complementary foods should be carried out gradually, in small portions.

As for formulas and baby food, only hypoallergenic products should be used. The introduction of a new food product into the child's diet should be agreed with the doctor.

The use of folk remedies for such an ailment is unacceptable, since it is impossible to establish the true cause of the development of the pathological process without diagnostics.

It must be remembered that with the development of atopic dermatitis in children, the most important factor in recovery is diet. Therefore, you should review the daily menu, excluding all highly allergenic foods from the diet.

For children under one year old, the most common allergens are eggs, cow's milk and gluten.

If a child under one year old is artificially fed, it is recommended to choose a special mixture, since milk protein is the most often provocateur of the development of the disease.

In case of an inadequate reaction of a child under one year to the milk formula, it is recommended to replace it with soy. In the event that soy protein is also hypersensitive, it can be transferred to hypoallergenic mixtures (Alfare, Nutramigen, etc.) or gluten-free cereals, which have received good reviews from parents.

The hypoallergenic formula contains partially digested proteins, however, if atopic dermatitis worsens with the use of a hypoallergenic formula, such nutrition should be reviewed and switched to therapeutic formulas with a complete absence of bovine protein.

Such mixtures are considered therapeutic and are given to the child, according to the pediatrician's prescription.

It is important that the diet for atopic dermatitis in children is observed taking into account age and concomitant chronic diseases.

Lure

In order to avoid atopic dermatitis in a baby up to a year old, it is necessary to follow the rules for introducing the first complementary foods. The well-known children's doctor Komarovsky recommends taking into account important nuances when introducing complementary foods to an atopic child:

Dr. Komarovsky does not recommend the introduction of complementary foods during exacerbation of dermatitis. It is necessary to wait out the acute period of rashes and choose the least allergenic foods, preferably green (broccoli, zucchini, green apple, cauliflower).

From meat products, preference should be given to meat of turkey, rabbit, horse meat.

From the diet of the crumbs, foods that can cause allergies should be excluded. Infants under one year of age may be sensitive to cow's milk. It is recommended to use hypoallergenic mixtures: Nutramigen, Alfare, Nestle, Pregestimil.

With an exacerbation of the disease, the diet for children is strictly observed. Nutritionists recommend that in order not to provoke a neurosis-like state in the baby due to constant prohibitions, without exacerbation, slightly expand the diet.

The child is undesirable to use:

With atopic dermatitis, babies under one year old are advised to limit the intake of cow's milk, replacing it with adapted mixtures. After a year, the diet should include a minimum amount of eggs, cereals, nuts, citrus fruits. Add corn, buckwheat or rice porridge - they rarely cause allergies.

It is necessary to continue to observe proper nutrition even after the child is 3 years old. It will consist in the exclusion of fatty, spicy and spicy foods, you will also have to abandon semi-finished products, long-term storage products and others containing preservatives.