Class hour dedicated to the Day of Military Glory of Russia (September 8 - the day of the Battle of Borodino). Methodological development of a class hour on the topic: “Day of Military Glory of Russia IV. Closing Words: “The Duty of a Patriot”
Regional state budgetary educational institutionsecondary vocational education
Ulyanovsk Social Pedagogical College No. 1
METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
CLASS HOUR ON THE TOPIC:
"DAY OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA"
Developer:
Abaidulova R.G.
classroom teacher
Ulyanovsk
Class hour,
dedicated to the Day of Military Glory of Russia (December 5, 1941 - the day the counter-offensive of Soviet troops began in the Battle of Moscow)
“If you shoot the past with a gun, the future will shoot you with a cannon.”
Rasul Gamzatov
The class hour is held among students because the topic is relevant in connection with the events taking place in different regions and attempts to change history and reduce the role of the Soviet Union during the 2nd World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular. In form, this is an “hour of remembrance”, the main content of which is students’ messages about the Moscow Battle. At the beginning and at the end of the class hour, the teacher conducts a conversation about historical memory and patriotism, interethnic respect.
The emotional mood is created by the song “Battle of Moscow” performed by Flora Vafina (a recording of the song is played)
Event goals :
Deepen students' knowledge about the history of the Great Patriotic War;
Contribute to the formation of a positive assessment of such moral qualities as self-sacrifice, heroism, patriotism;
Encourage students to actively resist attempts to denigrate the country's history.
Objectives of the event:
Foster love and respect for your homeland;
Cultivate a respectful attitude towards the feat of warriors;
Generated general competencies:
OK 3. Make decisions in standard and non-standard situations.
OK 4. Search and use information necessary to solve professional problems, as well as for one’s professional and personal development.
OK 6. Work in a team and team, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, and consumers.
OK 10. Take care of the historical heritage and cultural traditions of the people, respect social, cultural and religious differences.
OK 11. Be ready to take on moral obligations towards nature, society, and people.
Form: dispute
Participants:
students.
Logistics support for the event:
Laptop;
Projector.
Didactic material:
Multimedia presentation;
The class is conducted using health-saving technologies.
An educational event requires preliminary preparation:
A group of students responsible for conducting the event has been determined in advance;
Fragments of the script are distributed among students;
Prepare a recording of the song “Battle of Moscow” performed by Flora Vafina.
Decor:
Photographs, posters dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, portrait of G.K. Zhukova;
Write the topic of the class hour and epigraph on the board.
Class plan:
I. Opening remarks.
II. An hour of remembrance.
1. The enemy is rushing towards Moscow.
2. Operation Typhoon.
3. The miracle of General Moroz.
4. Defenders of the capital.
(Stories from the archive. Students' stories about the defenders of Moscow.)
IV. Final conversation on the topic “Shots in memory.”
V. Summing up (reflection).
Progress of the class hour:
introduction
Classroom teacher. We dedicate today's class hour to the Battle of Moscow. This was the largest battle of the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Moscow lasted a total of 203 days and nights over a vast area roughly the size of France. (Reference: All of Europe was captured in 100 days; Poland in a few weeks.) About 7 million people were involved in it on both sides. The total irretrievable losses of Soviet troops in battles on the near and distant approaches to the capital amounted to 926 thousand people. The Germans also suffered significant damage - 615 thousand people. In total, about 27 million of our compatriots died in the war. There is not a family in our country that has not been touched by war. We can say that the Great Patriotic War passed through the heart and memory of all our people. The memory of the Great Patriotic War is a historical memory. This is a memory of common joys and sorrows, common mistakes, defeats and victories. This is a memory of a common historical destiny. That common destiny that unites millions of people of different nationalities into one people - the people of Russia. That's why we need to take care of this memory.
(include a recording of Flora Vafina’s song “Battle of Moscow.”)
The enemy was approaching the capital
Lines of enemy tanks
The front line was burning
We're close - beyond the horizon
Everyone was in great anxiety
Trouble looms over the country
Roads led to Moscow
Burnt by war.
Chorus.
The Battle of Moscow in the harsh winter
Was the salvation for the country
Everyone should remember this
And today among us
The heart of the Motherland - who saved
The bright memory is alive
Hero City Moscow.
The terrible roar of cannonade
Bullets and shells are flying
And on the outskirts of Moscow
Defensive ditches
At the front and in the rear
The people united in the struggle
Repel the enemy
Everyone strived heroically.
Chorus.
The whole country defended Moscow
Those who defended the capital
Who was faithful to the Fatherland
Don't spare your life
Were strong in courage
Those who fought near Moscow
About those who died in those days
Sorrow flies over the whole earth.
Chorus.
The enemy did not break through to Moscow
Faces brightened with happiness
The path to victory has been paved
The feat of arms has been multiplied
But in the answer we live
But the history of the page
We will tell our descendants
We have something to be proud of.
Chorus:
II. An hour of remembrance.
Presenter 10. Remember what once concerned us all... Today we remember the great battle for Moscow. One of the grandest battles in human history. This battle destroyed the myth of the invincibility of the German soldier and laid the first stone in the temple of our victory.
You just need to listen and remember. Facts, events, names...
The enemy is rushing to Moscow (slide 1)
Presenter 1. As you know, before the attack on the USSR, Hitler conquered almost all the countries of Western Europe. He dreamed of creating a worldwide thousand-year Reich. But to do this, it was also necessary to conquer the Soviet Union in order to seize its rich resources. This is how the Barbarossa plan was developed. Here are the tasks Hitler set in this regard: “It is necessary to attack Russia with lightning speed and seize its resources, regardless of the possible death of millions of people in this country. We need to take from Russia everything we need. Let millions die." “Russia must be destroyed,” Hitler declared. The Fuhrer later clarified: “The goal of my Ostpolitik is to populate this territory with at least one hundred million people of the German race.” Each German officer had with him a booklet containing the “12 Commandments for Treating Russians.” It, in particular, said that the most cruel and ruthless measures should be applied to the Russian people.
Presenter 2. Hitler allocated a maximum of 5 months for the entire operation. I even expected to finish it in 3 weeks. Hitler threw all his strength into implementing this plan. It seemed that there was no force in the world that could stop the Hitler machine. But the blitzkrieg and lightning speed did not work. Soldiers, partisans, old people, women, children, people of all nationalities rose up to fight fascism. In the first months of the war, success accompanied the enemy, and our army fought back, surrendering city after city, village after village... And at the end of September, the enemy hordes came so close to Moscow that the question of its defense arose. Not 3 weeks, but 5 long months, the Germans marched towards Moscow, encountering fierce resistance.
Operation Typhoon (slide 2)
Presenter 3. It was then that the fascist German command drew up a plan for the capture of Moscow. The Nazis called this plan “Typhoon”. This meaningful name was intended to emphasize the speed and destructive power of the offensive. According to this plan, Moscow should be surrounded, captured and flooded. Nazi planes dropped leaflets over our troops saying that in early November Hitler, like Napoleon, would ride into Moscow on a white horse to host a parade of his troops on Red Square. The Nazis even brought several tons of granite to Moscow for a monument to their victory. Now this granite can be seen on the Central Telegraph building in Moscow. Hitler sent colossal forces to Moscow. In terms of numbers and equipment, the enemy outnumbered the Soviet troops covering the Moscow direction by 2 times; in two sections of the breakthrough - 5-8 times, and in the third (near Roslavl) - even 13-14 times. The offensive of the fascist army began on September 30. With powerful tank attacks, the Germans managed to break through the defenses and encircle part of the Soviet troops in the Bryansk region. 663 thousand Soviet soldiers were captured! Hitler hurried his soldiers. The Nazis needed to capture Moscow at all costs before the frosts.
Presenter 4. (slide 3, 4) Throughout October there were stubborn battles; our units, even when surrounded, continued to resist, holding back large enemy forces and slowing down their advance. But the Nazis still managed to go on the offensive and come close to the capital. Already in mid-October they received the order: “Have breakfast in Volokolamsk and dinner in Moscow.” But this fascist dinner in the ancient capital of Russia never took place. In these decisive days, the main slogan for our people was the call: “Everyone to defend our native Moscow!” The entire people rose to defend the capital. Hundreds of thousands of Muscovites built fortifications, joined the militia, extinguished “lighters” - 1610 high-explosive and 110 thousand incendiary bombs were dropped on Moscow! From all over the country, trains with food, reinforcements, and equipment went to Moscow. By the end of October - beginning of November, the enemy began to run out of steam. His attack on Moscow was stopped by the iron steadfastness and will of our soldiers. And on November 7, 1941, a festive parade took place in Moscow, as always. Directly from the parade, military units went to the front. (slide 4.)
Presenter 5. (slide 5) A new offensive against Moscow began on November 15. The enemy approached Moscow in some places by 60 km. The Germans had 2 times more soldiers and officers, 2.5 times more artillery and 1.5 times more tanks. The closest the Germans came to Moscow was in the area of the village of Kryukovo (23 km). German soldiers tried to see the streets of Moscow through binoculars. Hitler believed that the capture of the Soviet capital was a matter of the next few hours. Berlin newspapers were ordered to leave empty spaces on December 2 for breaking news about the capture of Moscow. Hitler's command was confident that the Soviet troops were exhausted and had no reserves. But they were cruelly mistaken. From October 12, the defense of Moscow was headed by Marshal G.K. Zhukov. In 1.5 months he did everything to push the Germans back from the city. Our troops gained strength and were replenished with reserves that arrived from Siberia.
Presenter 6. (slide 7.) On December 5, our troops launched a counteroffensive. Like an avalanche, Soviet troops fell on the Germans, step by step liberating the lands near Moscow from the enemy. The whole world learned about the offensive of the Soviet troops and about the atrocities that the Nazis committed in the occupied territory: destroyed churches, Red Army soldiers and ordinary residents burned alive, gallows, corpses of women, old people, children. (Slide 8.) But I saw the world and the first columns of captured Nazis , huge cemeteries of abandoned and broken military equipment, saw the first defeat of the Nazi war machine. The myth of the invincibility of the German soldier died in the snow near Moscow. The shock divisions of Army Group Center were defeated and driven back 100 kilometers or more from Moscow.
Presenter 7. In the Battle of Moscow, the German army suffered its first defeat of this war: it lost about 500 thousand soldiers, 1,300 tanks, 2,500 guns and other equipment. But our losses were also enormous: about a million of our soldiers and commanders fell in the fields near Moscow. After the war, in his memoirs, the famous commander Zhukov, who led hundreds of the most important operations, including the capture of Berlin, wrote: “When they ask me what I remember most from the last war, I always answer - the battle for Moscow... In the battle of Moscow laid a solid foundation for the subsequent defeat of Germany... I bow my head to the blessed memory of those who stood to the death and did not allow the enemy to reach the heart of our Motherland, its capital... We are all in great debt to them!..”
Presenter 8. (slide 9.)
The Miracle of General Frost
Autumn in the Moscow region means rain, mud and off-road conditions. The Germans with their heavy equipment had difficulty making their way along the roads. Even tanks and tractors got stuck in liquid soil - they covered 10 km in 2 days. And the Kremlin is some 80 km away - 2-3 hours on a hard road. The enemy was looking forward to the cold weather. And then it came. But it turned out that this was not just a cold snap, but a real General Frost, who also did not want to let the enemy into his territory. Judge for yourself: in the Moscow region the average temperature in November is -5 °C, December - -12 °C and January - -19 °C. And January 1941 turned out to be 8° colder than usual. The thickness of the snow cover exceeded half a meter. And on December 5 and 6 - at the beginning of our offensive - a frost of 35 degrees suddenly struck. Our troops are well acquainted with General Moroz, and the Germans do not have warm uniforms - after all, Hitler planned to take Moscow before winter. The Nazis were simply paralyzed by the cold.
Presenter 9. Orthodox people, who throughout the war prayed for the salvation of our country, say that only God’s help can explain such temperature miracles of the winter of 1941. The frosts themselves could not, of course, stop the Nazis, and even in the Red Army people suffered from frosts not less. The miracle of General Moroz, as it turned out, was something else. As you know, the Germans had a great advantage in technology. And this technique required fuel. And the fuel was mainly of summer grades. It froze already at a temperature of -10-15 C°. There were also mixtures of summer and winter fuels that froze at -28 °C. And in the days of the offensive, as we have already said, the temperature dropped below -30 °C. Under these conditions, the equipment of the German army stopped: in the gasoline tanks of the cars, instead of liquid fuel, there was porridge. And our equipment was refueled with ordinary aviation gasoline, which can withstand temperatures down to -45-55°. This is how Frost helped our soldiers, and at the same time punished the enemies for their self-confidence.
Presenter 10. Defenders of the capital
The battle for Moscow continued for many months. The whole people rose to defend the capital: soldiers, officers, women, children, old and young - everyone considered it their duty to stop the enemy. They did not talk about exploits and heroism. They simply performed feats. Let's remember their names.
Presenter 11.
General M.F. Lukin is a man of rare courage and composure. His division was surrounded, but did not surrender, but continued to fight stubbornly, diverting large forces of the Nazis to itself. One division of Lukin pinned down 28 enemy divisions! While surrounded, the general constantly kept in touch with headquarters and passed on reports: “The troops are holding out and will hold out until the last soldier and until the last bullet.”
Presenter 10
. 28 infantrymen from General Panfilov’s division and their political instructor Klochkov repelled attacks from 50 German tanks for 4 hours. “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind us,” said the political instructor. They managed to destroy 18 vehicles. They delayed the German advance and prevented German tanks from breaking through to Moscow. 23 Panfilov heroes were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The five heroes who survived this battle were also awarded this title.
Presenter 11
Mikhail Guryanov - Hero of the Soviet Union, deputy commander of a partisan detachment. His squad managed to burn down the enemy headquarters and take away important documents. The punishers tracked down the partisans, Mikhail Alekseevich was wounded and captured. After severe torture, he was taken to the burned headquarters building, a sign reading “Partisan Leader” was hung around his neck, and he was executed. The villagers herded to the square heard the last words that Mikhail Alekseevich managed to shout before his death: “Death to fascism! There are millions of us! Victory will be ours!".
Presenter 12
Legendary partisan Ilya Kuzin. He was a demolitionist in the Volokolamsk partisan detachment. Ilya was famous for finding a way out of the most incredible situations. Once, when Kuzin’s group was being pursued by the Nazis in a truck, Ilya decided to take a desperate step: he jumped onto the running board of a German car and shot the driver and officer. The German soldiers in the back were shot by partisans. Another interesting case when Ilya managed to destroy a fascist ammunition and fuel warehouse. He opened a barrel of gasoline, poured it over the boxes of ammunition, attached a fuse to one of the barrels and set it on fire. The result was a partisan fireworks display that did not stop for several hours. Then it turned out that he alone destroyed 350 thousand rifle cartridges, 100 aerial bombs, 300 artillery shells, 30 boxes of grenades and 5 tons of fuel. The fearless demolition bomber was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Ilya Nikolaevich Kuzin died after the war.
Presenter 13.
Vera Voloshina is a Moscow student from the city of Kemerovo. During her studies, Vera became a cadet at the flying club named after V.P. Chkalova, learned to jump with a parachute, drive a motorcycle and even shoot with a rifle and pistol. She voluntarily went to the front and was enlisted as a scout in a military unit. In November 1941, her reconnaissance group carried out a mission near the famous village of Kryukovo. The partisans mined the roads near the village and threw grenades at the windows of the houses where the Nazis were located. On the way back they were ambushed. Vera, who covered the detachment's retreat, was seriously wounded and captured. After much torture and interrogation, the Germans executed her. Vera’s feat became known after the war. And in the village of Kryukovo there is a museum dedicated to the courageous intelligence officer.
Presenter 14.
Ivan Petrovich Ivanov, a resident of the village of Lishnyagi, Serebryano-Prudsky district, Tula region, repeated the feat of Ivan Susanin. He drove 40 cars into a remote and deep icy forest ravine. The Germans were unable to get out of there. They shot a 65-year-old man.
Presenter 15.
Sergeant V.V. Vasilkovsky is a young historian, a graduate of Leningrad University. In the battle near the village of Ryabinki, he closed the embrasure of the enemy bunker with his body and opened the way for the soldiers of his company to attack. This was a few days before the feat of Alexander Matrosov. Sergeant V.V. Vasilkovsky was among the first to receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Presenter 16.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya is a tenth-grader at Moscow school No. 201. In October 1941, she volunteered to join the partisans. During one of the operations, Zoya made her way to the village where the headquarters of a large German unit was located. Zoya managed to cut the field telephone wires and set fire to the stables, where there were 20 horses and weapons. The next day, Zoya decided to destroy the stable, which contained 200 horses. But German guards tracked down the girl and captured her. After terrible torture and torture, the Nazis executed Zoya. During the execution, to which the Nazis herded all the village residents, Zoya shouted: “I’m not afraid to die, comrades! It’s happiness to die for your people!”
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Presenter 17.
Victor Talalikhin - at 22 years old, he was already deputy commander of an aviation regiment. From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, the whole country learned his name: in August 1941, he rammed a German bomber in his fighter. This was the first night ram of the Great Patriotic War. V.V. Talalikhin was also awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Viktor Talalikhin died in an air battle over the Moscow sky in October 1941.
Presenter 18.
Marshal of Victory - that’s what Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov was called. In the most difficult days for Moscow, Zhukov led the defense of the capital. It was he who was able to gather all the forces of the Red Army into one fist, who managed to inspire faith in victory in the soldiers, and it was he who was able to dispel the myth of the invincibility of the German soldier. All the main battles of the Great Patriotic War are associated with the name of Zhukov: the Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad and Kursk battles. Ukraine, Belarus, Europe, and finally Berlin. It was G.K. On May 8, 1945, Zhukov accepted the surrender of Nazi Germany.
He was called the last Russian general who did what God, people and conscience expected of him.
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov was buried on Red Square, near the Kremlin wall.
Presenter 19. Unknown soldier... The battle of Moscow was one of the bloodiest and biggest battles in the history of mankind. In the battle for nameless heights, for river crossings, for the cities and villages of the Moscow region, hundreds of thousands of soldiers and officers died. The names of many of them are still unknown. In the fall of 1941, fierce battles took place near the village of Kryukovo on the outskirts of Moscow, and many soldiers were killed. And in 1966, the burial of an unknown soldier was discovered. The soldier’s ashes were transferred to the Alexander Garden and buried near the Kremlin wall. And they lit the Eternal Flame there.
III. Stories from the family archive
Classroom teacher. The whole country took part in the battle for Moscow. Some of you definitely have relatives who fought in the snow-white fields near Moscow and participated in the defense of the capital. Do you think that the Great Patriotic War is something that once concerned you, your family?
Guys, maybe there are still people among your loved ones who remember this war? Talk to them, ask about their life during these war years, restore interrupted historical memory in your family.
IV. Final conversation on the topic “Shots in Memory”
Classroom teacher. “Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword.” These words of Alexander Nevsky were well understood by numerous aggressors.
The operation near Moscow became the first turning point in the Great Patriotic War. Moreover, as a result of the actions of Soviet troops from December 1941 to April 1942. enemy troops rolled back hundreds of kilometers to the west, losing hundreds of thousands of people killed, wounded and captured. The defeat near Moscow dispelled the myth of the invincibility of the German army and finally put an end to the Nazi strategy of “quick war” (blitzkrieg), for which neither the German leadership nor the German economy were absolutely ready.
Presenter 1.
They have written, are writing and will continue to write about this, but I would like to draw attention to one side of the battle near Moscow, which usually remains in the shadows. In recent years, an increasing number of our fellow citizens are confident that only Russians fought during the Great Patriotic War. To some extent, this perception was facilitated by the fact that starting from the 1990s, all numerical characteristics associated with the USSR’s participation in the war (including the number of losses) were transferred to Russia. And from there it was not far to the statement that it was only the Russians who perished and the ingratitude of the other peoples whom the Russians saved from fascist slavery.
Presenter 2.
However, if we look at wartime documents, we see that the situation was much more complex. Naturally, there were many Russians in the army - after all, they were the most numerous people in the USSR (about 60% of the population. Table 1). However, after the armies stationed in the border military districts mostly died or were captured, and the western regions of the USSR were occupied by Hitler’s armies and their allies, rapidly rushing to the east, it was the southern and eastern regions that became the main resource for replenishing the Red Army units.
Presenter 3.
This is clearly demonstrated to us by the battle for Moscow - both its defensive part, which took place in October-November 1941, and the offensive. The famous Panfilov division was recruited in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. When listing the names of 28 Panfilov heroes, we see Duishenkul Shopokov, Evsutbay Nasibulatov, Alikbay Kasaev, Aliaskar Kozhebergenov, Musabek Sengirbaev. Among other heroes who received their Golden Star precisely in the battle of Moscow, we see the Tatars Farid Fatkullin, Gennady Gabaidullin and Salavat Karymov, the Jews Efim Dyskin and Lazar Papernik, the Chuvash Pavel Laptev, the Kazakh Tulegen Tokhtarov.
Presenter 4.
The German defenses were broken into by the Latvian division in January 1942. However, at that time the largest national group in it was not Latvians, but Jews.
The Yakuts were awarded many awards, several thousand of whom were scattered among various military units. It is known from memoirs that one of them, during the battle for the city of Rogachevo (Moscow region), mortarman of the 1172nd Yakut Infantry Regiment I.S. Bochkarev destroyed the crew of four enemy machine guns and more than 120 Nazis
Table 1. Representatives of the nations and nationalities that participated in the Second World War .
|
Table 2.
| Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union are representatives of most nations and nationalities of the USSR |
|
| Representatives of nations | Number of heroes |
| Russians | 8160 |
| Ukrainians | 2069 |
| Belarusians | 309 |
| Tatars | 161 |
| Jews | 108 |
| Kazakhs | 96 |
| Georgian | 90 |
| Armenians | 90 |
| Uzbeks | 69 |
| Mordovians | 61 |
| Chuvash | 44 |
| Azerbaijanis | 43 |
| Bashkirs | 39 |
| Ossetians | 32 |
| Tajiks | 14 |
| Turkmens | 18 |
| Lithuanians | 15 |
| Latvians | 13 |
| Kyrgyz | 12 |
| Udmurts | 10 |
| Karelians | 8 |
| Estonians | 8 |
| Kalmyks | 8 |
| Kabardians | 7 |
| Adyghe people | 6 |
| Abkhazians | 5 |
| Buryats | 4 |
| Yakuts | 3 |
| Moldovans | 2 |
| Chechens | 1 |
| results | 11506 |
Presenter 5.
After World War II, it became clear that it would not be possible to conquer our people by force - any invasion would only strengthen the unity of the people. But you can destroy a people from within. To do this, you just need to take away his memory. “There is a people’s war, a holy war” - lofty words calling for heroic deeds. This war continues. There is such a war going on now. This war is with our memory. Increasingly, in newspapers and on television, instead of “Great Patriotic War,” it is pronounced “World War II.” Authors appear who discredit the names of Alexander Matrosov, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, and Panfilov heroes. But the point here is not in names. Matrosov’s feat was repeated by more than 200 soldiers! And thousands of partisans bravely endured interrogation and torture! And Panfilov’s troops - whatever it was, there were only 28 of them - against 50 tanks! And they held off these tanks for 4 hours with rifles and grenades. And in 4 hours the tanks could reach Moscow.
Presenter 6.
Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D.A. draws attention to the need to combat the distortion of history. Medvedev: “The lessons of World War II have no statute of limitations. We must know them and react harshly to any attempts to distort history: to slander the true heroes and whitewash the criminals. This insults the memory of those who gave their lives to save the world from Nazism.” In this context, various kinds of nihilistic attitudes and distortions of the results of the victorious battle for Moscow are morally dangerous. It is a balanced approach, excluding bias and subjectivity in the assessment of the Moscow battle, all subsequent gigantic battles for the Motherland, that allows us to see the Great Patriotic War without schematism and simplification, to comprehend the significance of the feat of the Soviet people and their army.
Presenter 7.
All these techniques are designed for young people; older people cannot be fooled by this. But those who deliberately denigrate the history of the Great Patriotic War forget the wise commandment: “If you shoot at the past with a pistol, the future will shoot at you with a cannon.” How do you understand these words?
Sample student answers:
You need to respect your country's past and try to understand it.
You need to study your history, and if there were mistakes, not repeat them.
If they defame the names of heroes, no one will want to perform feats, and the country will be easily conquered.
A people who spits on the history of their country, does not value its defenders, becomes a slave of other peoples.
If we now discredit the actions of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, then our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will despise us even more and will abandon us altogether.
If the people forget the previous war and despise its heroes, a new war begins, and there will be no victory in this war, because there will be no new heroes.
Classroom teacher. What can we do to prevent the future from shooting us out of a cannon?
Sample student answers:
Don't trust just anyone, figure it out yourself.
It is necessary to punish those who speak badly about the Great Patriotic War, about our heroes.
To preserve the grateful memory of the defenders of the Fatherland.
Protect the memory of the Great Patriotic War, do not allow it to be trampled into the dirt.
We need to create a strong army, powerful weapons, then no guns from the future will be scary.
Classroom teacher. Prohibitions and punishments will not help matters. Every person has the right to their opinion. A strong army and powerful weapons will only help those who will preserve the victorious traditions of their people. Therefore, it seems to me that we need to study these traditions, study the history of the Great Patriotic War, remember the names and exploits of the heroes. To remember what once concerned us all... Just for what the Soviet soldier endured on his shoulders, he is worthy of the sacred memory of his people! Without sleep or rest, hungry and under terrible stress, in the bitter cold and all the time in the snow, under hurricane fire from the Germans, the advanced companies moved forward. In general, the Battle of Moscow, one way or another, affected all of us: if it had been lost, we would now be living with you in a completely different state, and it is unknown whether we would have lived in general.
V. Summing up (reflection)
Classroom teacher. How did the class hour make you feel?
What do you remember most?
Do you think the people will be able to repeat the feat of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, if there is such a need? (Students' answers.)
What parable about friendship do you know?
Literature
1. Bezymensky L. Taming the Typhoon. M., 1987.
2. Battle of Moscow: Military-historical essay. M., 1989.
3. Gurkin V.V. About human losses on the Soviet-German front in 1941 -1945. // New and recent history. 1992. No. 3.
4. “And the enemy will never achieve, / So that your head bows...”: a methodological guide for conducting a lesson on September 1, 2006. M.: MIIO, 2006.
5. Myagkov M.Yu. The Battle of Moscow in the documents of Army Group Center // Second World War. Actual problems. M., 1995.
6. Nikolaev I. The only one (About Marshal Zhukov in 1941 - defense of Moscow) // Zvezda. 2000. No. 5. P. 119-142.
7. “Songs about the friendship of peoples during the Second World War 1941-1945.”
8. One Hundred Personalities: The Battle of Nations near Moscow.
9. Haupt V. Battles of Army Group Center. M.: Yauza; Eksmo, 2006.
Application:
Comments on the slides
Battle on the Ice
The situation in northwestern Rus' at the beginning of the 13th century was alarming. In July 1240, 100 Swedish ships with a landing force docked at the mouth of the Neva. The Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich with his squad and militia, having made a rapid transition, suddenly attacked the Swedes’ camp. In a hot battle, the 5,000-strong Swede camp was destroyed. For this brilliant victory, the people named the 20-year-old commander Alexander Nevsky. In the autumn of the same year, the knights of the German Livonian Order, who settled in the Baltic states, began their offensive. The German knights took advantage of the distraction of the Russian army to fight the Swedes. The decisive battle that finally liberated the Russian land took place in April 1242 on the ice-bound Lake Peipus. The enemy army lined up in a “pig”. The 23-year-old Russian commander positioned the Russian army in the following battle formation: in the center of the first line, in front of the “brow”, there was an advanced infantry regiment stretched along the front, the first ranks of which were archers, on the flanks there were reinforced infantry regiments right and left hands, behind them is the cavalry, divided into two parts. Behind the “chela,” Alexander placed his small but heavily armed cavalry squad. This formation made it possible not only to fend off a breakthrough from the center of one’s battle formation, but also to carry out two-way envelopment with the aim of striking at the flanks and rear of the enemy, encircling and completely destroying the latter.
Battle of Kulikovo
In the second half of the 14th century. The collapse of the Golden Horde began, where one of the senior emirs, Mamai, became the de facto ruler. At the same time, in Rus' there was a process of formation of a strong centralized state through the unification of Russian lands under the rule of the Moscow Principality. The strengthening of the Moscow Principality alarmed Mamai. In the summer of 1380 Mamai began his campaign. On the morning of September 8 (21), after the duel between the Russian warrior monk A. Peresvet and the Mongol hero Chelubey, who fell dead from their horses pierced by spears, a fierce battle broke out. Personally, Dmitry Ivanovich fought in the front ranks of his troops. For three hours, Mamai’s army (over 90 - 100 thousand people) unsuccessfully tried to break through the center and right wing of the Russian army (50 - 70 thousand people), which repelled the enemy’s onslaught. Then he attacked the left flank with all his might and began to push back the Russian soldiers. Mamai brought his entire reserve into the planned breakthrough. And at that moment the Ambush Regiment struck the rear of the enemy’s cavalry that had broken through. The enemy could not withstand the unexpected blow and began to retreat, and then fled.The Battle of Kulikovo Field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian unified state and raised the role of Moscow as a center of unification.
Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders
Difficult trials befell Rus' at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries. The country was torn apart by boyar conspiracies and intrigues. Due to crop failure in 1601-1603. there was a terrible famine. The period of unrest and chaos lasted 15 years, from January 1598 (when the last Rurikovich, the son of Ivan the Terrible, Fedor, died), to January 1613 (when the Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov as Tsar). Under the leadership of King Segismund III, the Poles crossed the Russian border and in September 1609 besieged Smolensk. On the night of September 21, 1610, the boyar government allowed Polish troops into the capital - the boyars actually transferred state power to the enemy. This betrayal cost Moscow and Russia dearly. Fires and violence started.
The threat of losing Russia's national independence caused deep concern in patriotic circles of the nobility and other classes, and the entire population. In September 1611, the formation of a militia began in Nizhny Novgorod, which played a decisive role in the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. It consisted of detachments of nobles, townspeople, peasants of the central and northern regions of Russia, people of all nationalities of the Volga region. The townspeople nominated Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky as the leader of the militia. Together with him, the organizer and leader of the militia was Kuzma Minin, who came from the Nizhny Novgorod townspeople. In August 1612, militia detachments defeated the Polish army near the capital. The occupiers had their last refuge - the Kremlin, which came under heavy siege. On October 26, 1612, the Polish garrison capitulated.
Battle of Poltava
In 1700 - 1721 Russia fought a difficult Northern War with Sweden for the return of ancestral Russian lands and access to the Baltic Sea. The Swedish king Charles XII had a first-class army and navy. He defeated the Polish-Saxon army and the Russian army (in the first years of the war), and planned to capture Smolensk and Moscow. In the spring of 1709, Charles XII launched a campaign against Moscow through Kharkov and Belgorod. In an effort to defeat the Russian army in a general battle, the leader of the Swedes decided to quickly capture Poltava, which was on the path of his army. On June 27 (July 8), 1709, on the banks of the Vorskla River, near Poltava, Russian regiments dealt a crushing blow to the famous Swedish army. The enemy lost more than 9 thousand people killed, 19 thousand people captured, including all the generals. 137 banners and standards were captured. The Russians lost 1,345 killed and 3,290 wounded. Pursuing the defeated Swedish army, Menshikov's cavalry on the Dnieper near the village of Perevolochna forced another 15 thousand Swedes to capitulate. Charles XII, together with the Ukrainian traitor Mazepa and a small guard, fled to Turkey. The Swedes were expelled from Finland, Poland, and the Baltic states. The victory at Poltava predetermined the victorious outcome of the Northern War for Russia.
Gangut naval battle
On August 9, 1714, off the western coast of the Gangut Peninsula (Finnish name - Hanko), Russian galleys discovered and surrounded the Swedish squadron, cutting it off from the main forces. A fierce battle broke out. The commander of the rowing fleet, F. M. Apraksin, noted: “It is truly impossible to describe the courage of the Russian troops...”. 10 Swedish ships were captured. The enemy lost 361 people killed and 350 wounded. 237 people were captured. Russian losses amounted to 124 people killed and 342 wounded. Petersburg solemnly welcomed the heroes of Gangut. Volleys of artillery salutes thundered over the city, thousands of residents of the capital filled the embankments of the Neva, along which victorious Russian ships with captured Swedish ships followed. Peter I, promoted to vice admiral, called the victory at Gangut “the second Poltava.”
Assault on Izmail
Of particular importance during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. had the capture of Izmail - the citadel of Turkish rule on the Danube. The fortress was built under the leadership of German and French engineers in accordance with the latest fortification requirements. From the south it was protected by the Danube, which is half a kilometer wide. A ditch 12 m wide and 6-10 m deep was dug around the fortress walls; in some places there was water up to 2 m deep. Inside the city there were many stone buildings convenient for defense. The garrison of the fortress numbered 35 thousand people and 265 guns. In November 1790, Russian troops began the siege of Izmail. Two attempts to take the fortress ended in failure. And then the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Field Marshal General G. A. Potemkin, entrusted the capture of the impregnable fortress to A. V. Suvorov. Intensified preparations for the assault began. In an effort to avoid bloodshed, Suvorov sent an ultimatum to the commandant of Izmail to surrender the fortress, to which the answer followed: “It is more likely that the sky will fall to the ground and the Danube will flow upward than Ishmael will surrender.” On December 24, 1790, Russian troops in nine columns from different directions moved to storm the fortress. The river flotilla approached the shore and, under the cover of artillery fire, landed troops. The skillful leadership of Suvorov and his comrades, the courage of soldiers and officers decided the success of the battle, which lasted 9 hours. The Turks defended stubbornly, but Ishmael was taken. The enemy lost 26 thousand killed and 9 thousand prisoners. 265 guns, 42 ships, 345 banners were captured. Suvorov indicated in his report the losses of the Russian army at 1,815 people killed and 2,455 wounded.Catherine II ordered a medal to be knocked out in honor of A.V. Suvorov for the capture of Izmail and established an officer’s gold cross with the inscription “For excellent courage” to reward for feats accomplished during the assault on Izmail.
Sea battle off Tendra
In the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. Russian ground forces were successfully assisted by the Black Sea Fleet under the command of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakov. One of the most important events of this war was the victory of the Russian squadron over the Turks at Cape Tendra. On August 28 (September 8), 1790, Russian ships unexpectedly appeared in front of the enemy, who was at anchor. “The enemy fleet,” recorded in Ushakov’s flagship journal, “cutting off the anchors, being in disarray, set sail and ran to the side of the Danube.” On the move, without changing into battle formation, the Russian squadron attacked the Turkish fleet. The line of Turkish ships was upset, and they began to hastily leave for the Danube. Only the darkness of the night saved the Turkish squadron. The next day, Ushakov resumed the pursuit. The crews of the Black Sea ships showed great skill, boldly and decisively attacking the enemy, hitting him with well-aimed gunfire. Opening fire, Ushakov hurried to get closer to the enemy. “The distance of a rifle shot, even a pistol shot - even with buckshot!” - this was his usual technique, which led the enemy into confusion. As a result, 7 Turkish ships surrendered, the rest fled. The Turkish losses exceeded 2 thousand people, the Russians had 21 killed and 25 wounded. The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet ensured a breakthrough to Izmail for the Dnieper flotilla, which provided great assistance to the ground army in capturing the fortress.».
battle of Borodino
During the Patriotic War of 1812, under pressure from a numerically superior enemy, the Russian armies were forced to fight back into the interior of the country. The commander-in-chief of the united Russian armies, M. I. Kutuzov, decided to stop the advance of Napoleon’s army towards Moscow near the village of Borodino. It is 120 km here. from the capital, it was decided to give a general battle. At roll call at the beginning of the battle, the French army numbered 135 thousand people “ready for battle,” with 587 guns. Russian troops - 125 - 130 thousand people, with 640 guns. Napoleon, having assessed the situation, decided to strike at the left flank of the combat formation of the Russian troops in order to press their troops to the Moscow River and destroy them. On August 26 (September 7), after a powerful artillery preparation, the French army attacked Bagration’s troops defending the Semenov flushes. The positions were covered with piles of bloody bodies of Russian soldiers and the enemy. The mortally wounded Bagration was taken away from the battlefield. In the last, eighth attack, Napoleon threw 45 thousand people, supporting their efforts with the fire of 400 guns. By 12 noon, the flushes were captured by the enemy, but Russian troops did not allow a breakthrough on the left flank. It seemed that the French were close to victory. All that remained was to break the resistance in the center and capture the Kurgan Battery, which became known as the Raevsky Battery. But at the critical moment of the battle, Kutuzov sent the Cossacks and cavalry on a roundabout raid - they struck the French left flank. To stop the resulting panic, Napoleon abandoned the attacks on the center and sent part of his guard to repel the Russian cavalry. Only after the situation was restored, attacks were resumed on the center of the battle formation of the Russian troops, who fought bravely. By the evening, the Russian troops had lost no more than 1.5 km to the enemy. Having retreated to a new position, they were again ready for battle. However, the French did not dare to continue the attacks, fearing that the Russian troops would take active action. “Of all my battles,” said Napoleon, “the most terrible is the one I fought near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory; Russians have acquired the right to be undefeated.”
Sinop naval battle
The naval battle of Sinop took place at the very beginning of the Crimean War. Starting in October 1853 between Russia and Turkey, it soon developed into an armed conflict between Russia and a strong coalition of Turkey, England, France and Sardinia. This was the last major battle of sailing ships and the first in which bomb guns were used (i.e., firing explosive shells). November 18 (30), 1853, squadron of Vice Admiral P. S. Nakhimov (6 battleships and 2 frigates) in Sinop Bay launched a pre-emptive strike against the enemy, unexpectedly attacking the Turkish fleet, which consisted of 16 ships. The flower of the Turkish fleet (7 frigates, 3 corvettes and 1 steamship) was burned, and coastal batteries were destroyed. The Turks lost about 4 thousand people killed and wounded. About 200 more were captured. Nakhimov's squadron did not lose a single ship..In the Battle of Sinop, the effectiveness of the advanced system of training and education of Black Sea soldiers was clearly demonstrated. The high combat skill shown by the sailors was achieved through persistent study, training, campaigns, and mastery of all the intricacies of maritime affairs.
Defenders of the Fatherland Day
After the victory of the socialist revolution in October 1917, simultaneously with the demobilization of the old army, projects for the construction of a new one were developed. On January 15, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a Decree on the creation of the Red Army, and on January 29, on the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet. Work began throughout the country to create Red Army detachments. At the same time, the Soviet delegation negotiated with Germany, offering it to make peace without annexations and indemnities. But the goals of the German imperialists were far from peaceful. They demanded that a territory of over 150 thousand square meters go to Germany. km. Poland. The German imperialists wanted to turn Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia into dependent states. The Soviet government was forced to accept these difficult peace conditions. To wage war in the virtual absence of an army, in conditions of devastation in the country and with the reluctance of the masses to fight, meant destroying the Soviet Republic. On February 18, the German command launched an offensive with large forces along the entire Russian-German front. Both old and young rose to defend the Fatherland. On February 22 and especially February 23, in Petrograd, Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and other cities, workers’ rallies took place with great enthusiasm, at which decisions were made to join the Red Army and partisan detachments. About 60 thousand people were mobilized to repel the enemy in the capital alone, of which about 20 thousand were immediately sent to the front. February 23, 1918 The young Workers' and Peasants' Red Army stopped the advance of German troops near Pskov and Narva. This
Battle of Moscow
In terms of the number of troops, military equipment and weapons, the scope and intensity of hostilities, the Battle of Moscow in 1941 - 1942. was one of the largest in the history of the Second World War. For 203 days there were furious, bitter and bloody battles, in which over 7 million soldiers and officers, about 53 thousand guns and mortars, about 6.5 thousand tanks and assault guns, and more than 3 thousand combat aircraft fought on both sides. The Battle of Moscow was a decisive military event in the first year of the Great Patriotic War. On December 5–6, the troops of the Kalinin, Western and Southwestern Fronts launched a decisive counteroffensive. Despite the stubborn resistance of the enemy, severe frosts and deep snow cover, it developed successfully. By January 7, 1942, Soviet troops advanced westward by 100 - 250 km.
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad began on July 17, 1942 and ended on February 2, 1943. Based on the nature of the fighting, it is divided into 2 periods: defensive, which lasted until November 19, 1942, and offensive, which ended with the defeat of the enemy’s largest strategic grouping between the Don and Volga rivers. The goal of the offensive of fascist troops in the summer of 1942 was to break through to the Volga and the oil-bearing regions of the Caucasus; capture Stalingrad - an important strategic and largest industrial point; cut off communications connecting the center of the country with the Caucasus; capture the fertile regions of the Don, Kuban and lower Volga. On September 13, the enemy launched an assault on Stalingrad, intending to throw its defenders into the Volga with a powerful blow. Fierce fighting broke out, especially in the area of the station and for Mamayev Kurgan. The fight was for every street, every block, every large building. The intensity of the fighting is evidenced by the fact that the station changed hands 13 times within two days. In mid-November, the Germans occupied most of the city, but their offensive capabilities had finally dried up. On November 19, 1942, an avalanche of fire and metal fell on the enemy. Thus began a grandiose strategic offensive operation of the Red Army to encircle and destroy the enemy group at Stalingrad. On February 2, 1943, the surrounded fascist troops were completely defeated.The victory at Stalingrad marked a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War and had a decisive influence on the further course of the entire Second World War.
Battle of Kursk
The Battle of Kursk occupies a special place in the Great Patriotic War. It lasted 50 days and nights, from July 5 to August 23, 1943. In its fierceness and tenacity of the struggle, it has no equal. The general plan of the German command was to encircle and destroy the troops of the Central and Voronezh fronts defending in the Kursk area. On the central front - 10 - 12 km, on Voronezh - up to 35 km. Hitler's Operation Citadel was finally buried by the largest oncoming tank battle of the entire Second World War near Prokhorovka. It happened on July 12. 1,200 tanks and self-propelled guns simultaneously participated in it on both sides. This battle was won by Soviet soldiers. The Nazis, having lost up to 400 tanks during the day of battle, were forced to abandon the offensive. On July 12, the second stage of the Battle of Kursk began - the counteroffensive of the Soviet troops. On August 5, Soviet troops liberated the cities of Orel and Belgorod. On the evening of August 5, in honor of this major success, a victorious salute was given in Moscow for the first time in two years of war. From that time on, artillery salutes constantly announced the glorious victories of Soviet weapons. On August 23, Kharkov was liberated. Thus the Battle of the Kursk Arc of Fire ended victoriously. During it, 30 selected enemy divisions were defeated. The Nazi troops lost about 500 thousand people, 1,500 tanks, 3,000 guns and 3,700 aircraft. For courage and heroism, over 100 thousand soldiers who took part in the battle on the Arc of Fire were awarded orders and medals.The Battle of Kursk ended a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
From the first days of the war, one of the strategic directions, according to the plans of the Hitlerite command, was Leningrad. Leningrad was one of the most important objects planned for capture. The battle for Leningrad, the longest during the entire Great Patriotic War, took place from July 10, 1941 to August 9, 1944. Soviet troops pinned down large German forces during the 900-day defense of Leningrad and the entire Finnish army. This undoubtedly contributed to the victories of the Red Army in other sectors of the Soviet-German front. Leningraders showed examples of perseverance, endurance and patriotism. During the blockade, about 1 million inhabitants died, including more than 600 thousand from hunger. During the war, Hitler repeatedly demanded that the city be razed to the ground and its population completely destroyed. However, neither shelling and bombing, nor hunger and cold broke its defenders. Already in July - September 1941, 10 divisions of the people's militia were formed in the city. Despite the difficult conditions, the industry of Leningrad did not stop its work. Assistance to the blockade survivors was carried out on the ice of Lake Ladoga. This transport route was called the “Road of Life.” On January 12 - 30, 1943, an operation was carried out to break the blockade of Leningrad (“Iskra”). It was a turning point in the battle for Leningrad. The entire southern coast of Lake Ladoga was cleared of the enemy, and the initiative to conduct combat operations in this direction passed to the Red Army. During the Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation from January 14 to March 1, 1944, Army Group North was severely defeated . On January 27, 1944, Leningraders celebrated the lifting of the blockade. As a result of powerful attacks, almost the entire Leningrad region and part of the Kalinin region were liberated, Soviet troops entered Estonia. Favorable conditions have developed for the defeat of the enemy in the Baltic states.
Victory Day
For 1418 days and nights, the Soviet people waged a bloody war against the fascist aggressors and crushed them. The people defended the freedom and independence of their Fatherland and saved world civilization from fascist enslavement. The Great Patriotic War was an integral part and the main content of the entire Second World War, in the orbit of which more than 60 states were involved. The fighting took place over vast areas of Europe, Asia and Africa, in sea and ocean spaces. The German-Italian-Japanese fascist bloc, expanding its aggression, persistently strove to gain world domination. On the way to this goal, the Soviet Union stood as an insurmountable obstacle. The fate of the entire Second World War was decided on the Soviet-German front - it was the main front of the fight against fascism. The USSR took upon itself and bore the brunt of the fight against the aggressor to the end. It was our country and its Armed Forces that played a decisive role in the victorious outcome of the Second World War. Initially, the Nazi troops managed to seize the strategic initiative. They desperately rushed to the vital centers of the Soviet Union. But the delusional plans for a lightning war were not destined to come true. The final blows were delivered by the Soviet Armed Forces in 1945 in East Prussia, western Poland and Czechoslovakia. The grandiose Berlin strategic offensive operation, carried out from April 16 to May 8, 1945, allowed the capital of Germany, Berlin, to be taken by storm. Developing a further offensive, Soviet troops reached the Elbe River, where they linked up with American and British troops. With the fall of Berlin and the loss of vital areas, Germany lost the opportunity to resist. On May 8, 1945, Nazi Germany unconditionally surrendered. And on September 2, 1945, militaristic Japan also laid down its arms.
Preview:
Classroom hour
"Russian Military Glory Day"
Target: instilling patriotic feelings, pride in one’s homeland, the people who lived and are living in it; formation of a civic position, respect for the memory of the fallen.
Tasks:1. formation of civic position
2. respect for the history of your country
3. development of communication skills
Equipment: PC with Internet access, projector, presentation
Participants: 10th grade students
Preparation: presentation about the days of military glory (10th grade student), presentation for class hour
Progress of the class hour:
- Leading : The victories of Russian weapons over the enemies of the Fatherland have always been widely celebrated by the Russian public. In the pre-October period, the Russian Orthodox Church established the so-called “victorian days”, on which prayer services and other festive events were held. These were special days when society, honoring the army and navy, paid tribute to the military feat, glory and valor of its defenders, and service people, rising above everyday life, had a special understanding of the meaning of military service, and felt more deeply their involvement in the glorious deeds of our ancestors.
- Leading: Reviving one of the best Russian military traditions, in 1995 it was adoptedLaw “On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia”, the list of which included part of the “victory days” and the most outstanding events of military history of both the pre-October and Soviet periods.
(presentation and speech by students, 2 people take turns commenting on the slides of their presentation)
In accordance with the Federal Law, the following days of military glory of Russia are established:
Day of lifting the blockade of Leningrad (1944) |
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The day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943) |
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Day of the Red Army's victory over the Kaiser's troops in Germany (1918) - Day of Defenders of the Fatherland |
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Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice, 1242) |
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Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 (1945) |
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Day of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941) |
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Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter I over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709) |
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The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714) |
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The day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943) |
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Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812) |
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Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakova over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790) |
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Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380) |
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Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders (1612) |
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Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853) |
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The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941) |
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The day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790) |
Days of military glory
Heroic battle for Leningrad | Battle of Stalingrad The victory at Stalingrad marked a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War and had a decisive influence on the further course of the entire Second World War |
Defenders of the Fatherland Day February 23, 1918 - day and began to be considered the birthday of the Red Army, and later - the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. | Battle on the Ice This victory strengthened the morale of the Russian people and instilled hope in the success of the fight against foreign invaders. Alexander Nevsky was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. |
Victory Day May 9 is the brightest holiday of the entire Russian people, the unfading day of our unfading military glory. | Day of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War |
The victory at Poltava predetermined the victorious outcome of the Northern War for Russia. | Gangut naval battle |
Battle of Kursk The Battle of Kursk ended a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War | Battle of Borodino “Of all my battles,” said Napoleon, “the most terrible is the one I fought near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory; Russians have acquired the right to be undefeated.” |
Sea battle off Tendra
| Battle of Kulikovo The Battle of Kulikovo Field contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian unified state and raised the role of Moscow as a center of unification. |
The news of the liberation of Moscow inspired the whole country. Conditions were created for the restoration of state power in Russia. Grateful descendants unveiled a monument in the Russian capital. On its granite pedestal is inscribed in bronze letters: “To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky, grateful Russia, summer of 1818.” | Sinop naval battle The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet deprived the Turks of dominance in the Black Sea and did not allow them to land troops on the coast of the Caucasus. |
Battle of Moscow For valor and courage shown in fierce and bloody battles, 40 formations and units were awarded guards ranks, 36 thousand soldiers and officers were awarded orders and medals. The Battle of Moscow was the beginning of a radical turn in the Great Patriotic War. | Assault on Izmail . It is noteworthy that Izmail was taken by an army that was inferior in number to the garrison of the fortress. The case is extremely rare in the history of military art. |
Teacher: ( Issues for discussion)
1. What is the historical significance of the listed dates?
2. What significance do these events have in the history of the state and the Russian citizen?
3. What do these dates mean to us?(conversation with students)
Presenter: In the modern history of our state, the practice of perpetuating the feat of the Russian people continues - conferring the title of “City of Military Glory”
Question: What cities of Military Glory do you know? (children's answers, slide with a list of all cities)
(presentation of a certificate in the Kremlin to representatives of the city of Stary Oskol)
Monument-stele “City of Military Glory”, located on Victory Square in the cityStary Oskol, Belgorod region. Open 10 September2011. On the pedestal on the western side there is the city’s coat of arms, on the eastern side there is the text of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on awarding the city the honorary title “City of Military Glory”. Also, in addition to the composition, 16 bas-reliefs were installed, located on four corner pylons, which reflect the military history of Stary Oskol.(slides)
Teacher: Do you think it is necessary for our generation to remember and celebrate these significant days in Russian history and why? (conversation, summary)
I want to end our class hour with the words of our graduate Pavel Medyankin
I admire you, my city!
You are beautiful in any bad weather.
I have never seen any other beauty,
Than the blue vaults of your heavens.
Every brick here is familiar to me
On fountains with a crystal stream.
Every square
Every resident and home
In this city it became my destiny.
Take care of our city
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Slide captions:
MBOU "Secondary comprehensive school No. 34 with in-depth study of individual subjects" Class hour on the topic "Days of Military Glory" Class teacher 10 "A": Shentseva T.A. Students: Gilevich Peter, Bulantseva Anastasia 2012
Days of Military Glory: January 27 - Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944) February 2 - Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943) February 23 - Day of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops of Germany (1918) .) - Defenders of the Fatherland Day April 18 - Victory Day of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice, 1242) May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 (1945) June 22 - Day of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941) July 10 - Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter I over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709) August 9 - Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714) August 23 - Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943) September 8 - Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812) September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790) September 21 -Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380) November 7 -Day of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from the Polish invaders (1612) December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853) December 5 - Day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941) December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790)
Heroic battle for Leningrad
Battle of Stalingrad
Defenders of the Fatherland Day
Battle on the Ice
Victory Day
Day of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War
Battle of Poltava
Gangut naval battle
Battle of Kursk
Battle of Borodino
Sea battle off Tendra
Battle of Kulikovo
Moscow Liberation Day
Sinop naval battle
Battle of Moscow
Assault on Izmail
Cities of Military Glory Belgorod Kursk Orel Vladikavkaz Malgobek Rzhev Yelnya Yelets Voronezh Meadows Polar Rostov-on-Don Tuapse Velikiye Luki Veliky Novgorod Dmitrov Vyazma Kronstadt Naro-Fominsk Pskov Kozelsk Arkhangelsk Volokolamsk Bryansk Nalchik Vyborg Kalach-on-Don Vladivostok Tikhvin Anapa Kolpino Stary Oskol Kovrov Lomonosov Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Taganrog Maloyaroslavets Mozhaisk Khabarovsk
Award ceremony in Moscow
City of Military Glory
An interesting, relevant scenario for a patriotic holiday for middle and high school students: “Days of Military Glory of Russia: Dates and Events.”
Korolev Pyotr Ivanovich, teacher of history and social studies, Educational Educational Institution of Educational Education Center "New Technologies", Kursk.Holiday "Day of Military Glory of Russia" at school. Scenario
Description: the script can be used by teachers, class teachers, teacher-organizers in preparation for patriotic holidays. The material is intended for middle and high school students (11 - 17 years old) T).
Goal: creating a patriotic atmosphere, studying the glorious pages of the history of the Fatherland, cultivating courage.
Tasks:
-develop interest in students and colleagues in holding patriotic holidays;
-strengthening and developing a sense of love for one’s Motherland;
-stimulate teacher activity.
- to cultivate a civil attitude, collectivism, a sense of responsibility for the fate of Russia, a sense of pride in its history.
-the emergence of a feeling of love for the Russian, victorious army!
Materials used:
patriotic paintings and patriotic poems.
PROGRESS OF THE HOLIDAY. Introduction.
teacher b.
Dear guys, at all times, defending your Fatherland, defending your native land was considered a righteous and honorable deed. Since ancient times, Holy Rus' has sung in its songs and epics - a heroic feat! After all, the soldier and the officer, the governor and the standard bearer were considered defenders of their native land. And the church has always patronized the Russian army, blessing it for feats of arms to save the Motherland from foreign invaders.
Majestic and brave are the glorious victories of Russian soldiers, mourned by their mothers and wives, which had a decisive influence on the outcome of the war. In all centuries, from Emperor Charlemagne to Kaiser Wilhelm, from Hitler to ISIS, enemies knew the power of Russian weapons! The pious Russian army, not giving up positions until the last living soldier, and the last soldier - pierced by an enemy bayonet or banner - covered with his chest - a special SACRED, the regimental banner! aroused admiration among the enemy for his stamina, determination and courage. The generals and commanders were famous for their talent and ability to manage troops, which always contributed to glorious Russian victories.
Let me read it to you guys, it’s wonderful Nikolai Mamrykov’s poem “To my son Alexei.”
Your grandfather, Alyosha, was a soldier,
Or rather, a company sergeant major.
The war ended in '45,
Victorious May spring.
There was spring, there was Victory,
And the joy was overflowing!..
You've never seen your grandfather
But don't forget him.
Student 1.
The history of celebrating the days of military glory of Russia.
Previously, such an event was not celebrated at all. But in 1995, in order to increase the prestige of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as the patriotic education of the population, a corresponding law was adopted. The Federal Law defined dates that will remain in the memory of the people for centuries as a feat. Events were selected that not only included Soviet history, but also historical victories during the Russian Empire, the Muscovite Kingdom, and also Kievan Rus. Every year, the list of ceremonial events for each day of military glory of Russia is determined by Presidential Decrees and other legal documents, both in the federal , both at and local level. Each city celebrates the holiday differently.
Teacher.
Thank you, who else can tell the story of the holiday?
Student
2.
These days, military units throughout Russia are celebrating great victories. Fireworks are celebrated only on May 9, Victory Day over Nazi Germany, and February 23, Defender of the Fatherland Day. But if the memorable date is an anniversary, such as in 2009 the 300th anniversary of the victory of Peter the Great’s army over the Swedes near Poltava, then, naturally, the list of planned events increases significantly. Festive fireworks also color the dark blue skies of large cities.
Historical reconstructions have become very popular recently. And every year the number of volunteers taking part in the events increases, which ensures maximum historical authenticity. History buffs from all over the Russian Federation and neighboring countries create or order special uniforms for themselves that fully correspond to the uniform or military attire of a particular time. The organizers of the action spend a long time studying historical sources and creating a battle plan, after which they determine and distribute roles.
Teacher.
Guys, who knows, a poem about the war by poets of the Silver Age?
Student 3.
Nikolay Gumilyov. "Offensive"
That country that could have been paradise
Became a lair of fire.
We are approaching the fourth day,
We didn't eat for four days.
But there is no need for earthly food
In this terrible and bright hour,
Because the Lord's word
It nourishes us better than bread.
And blood-drenched weeks
Dazzling and light.
Shrapnel is exploding above me,
Blades fly faster than birds.
I scream and my voice is wild.
This is copper hitting copper.
I, the bearer of great thought,
I can't, I can't die.
Like thunder hammers
Or the waves of angry seas,
Golden heart of Russia
Beats rhythmically in my chest.
And it’s so sweet to dress Victory,
Like a girl in pearls,
Following a trail of smoke
Retreating enemy.
Progress of the holiday.
A story about the days of Russian military glory themselves
Teacher.
Guys, who is ready to tell you in detail about each day of Russia’s military glory? Does anybody want?
Student 4.
Also on the Day of Military Glory of Russia, museums open their doors to everyone and organize exhibitions and displays dedicated to the historical event. Admission is often free for children and military personnel. During the celebration of the great victories of the Great Patriotic War, it is considered a tradition to hold demonstration performances by military personnel. In addition, in parks and squares everyone can try soldier’s porridge prepared in the field kitchen. Military equipment: modern and rare, put on public display. Children are allowed to climb and study military equipment, get behind the wheel of vehicles and turn various handles, press buttons (everything is carefully de-energized and discharged).
Student 5.
Each holiday is fraught with a significant moment for Russian weapons, when the enemy was defeated, put to flight or received irreparable damage, thanks to the courage and bravery of soldiers and commanders. Days of military glory are dates that correspond to historical events and are determined by the Federal Law of 1995. In total, as of today, Article 1 of this law includes 17 events:
January 27 – breakthrough of the Leningrad blockade in 1944;
February 2 - defeat of Nazi troops near Stalingrad during Operation Uranus;
February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day; * on this day, the Red Army forces managed to stop the advance of German troops on the Western Front near Narva and Pskov.
April 18 - victory of the troops of Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus in 1242;
May 9 - Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War;
July 7 - the victory of the Russian fleet in the Battle of Chesma in 1770, which provided the Russian Empire with superiority in the Black Sea;
July 10 - in 1709, the troops of Peter the Great defeated the Swedish army near Poltava;
On August 9 - 1714, the first victory of the Russian fleet in history was won at the Battle of Gangunta;
August 23 - defeat of the Nazis in the Battle of Kursk;
September 8 - in 1812, the Battle of Borodino took place, during which, according to Napoleon, “the Russians acquired the right to be undefeated”;
September 11 - in 1790, the Russian fleet under the command of Admiral F.F. Ushakov. completely defeated the Turkish fleet at Cape Tendra, which played an important role at Cape Tendra, which played an important role in the capture of Izmail;
* Turkish losses amounted to 2 thousand people and 7 ships versus 21 people killed and 25 people wounded by the Russians
Student 6.
I can also add about memorable dates of the Russian army.
September 21 - in 1380, the troops of Prince Dmitry Donskoy defeated the Mongol-Tatar army of Mamai;
November 4 is the day of national unity, when the Polish interventionists were expelled from the walls of the Moscow Kremlin by the forces of the people's militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky;
November 7 - in 1941, a military parade was held in honor of the 24th anniversary of the October Revolution (the troops taking part in the parade immediately went to the defense of the capital);
December 1 - squadron under the command of Admiral P.S. Nakhimova in 1853 inflicted a crushing defeat on Turkey at the walls of the fortified city of Sinop, destroying the Turkish fleet and coastal artillery;
December 5 - in 1941, the Soviet counter-offensive began near Moscow, which is the first major success of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War;
December 24 - in 1790 Russian troops under the command of Suvorov A.V. year they took Ishmael, which was previously considered impregnable, by storm.
Teacher. Thank you dear guys, thanks to my colleagues (if they were present), here we are with you and have discussed the memorable days of the Russian army, the days of military glory of Russia, grow up courageous, honest, brave, love Russia!
All students. Thank you for the holiday, goodbye!
Conclusion.
In conclusion they sound lines by Alexander Revich “Old Age of a Soldier”!
Apparently I'll die in my bed
your heart will stop in your sleep,
because they flew by
bullets meant for me.
I could lie with my temple pierced,
dropping his palm on the rifle,
indifferent to glory and insults,
unsullied and young,
watered with your own blood,
first burned by hatred,
cut off by the first misfortune.
Results.
The goals and objectives of the event were successfully completed!
EXTRA-CLASSROOM ACTIVITY
Extracurricular event “Days of Military Glory of Russia!”
Extracurricular activity using ICT.
Technology: personality-oriented.
Goals and objectives:
Educational:
Expanding students’ knowledge about the heroic pages of the history of our Fatherland, the significance of victories in the military history of Russia.
Developmental:
Development of horizons, the ability to conduct a competent dialogue with a computer, development of cognitive interest, development of logical thinking, speech and attention.
Educational:
Fostering patriotism, citizenship, love for the Motherland, and a sense of pride in the country.
Fostering a general and information culture, hard work, perseverance, patience, respect for computer technology, instilling in students the skills of independence in work.
Equipment:
Computers with Windows XP and Microsoft Office software.
Presentation “Days of Military Glory of Russia”.
Interactive tests with automated result calculation.
Forms for supporting notes.
Time: 45 minutes
Location: computer science room.
Lesson plan.
Organizing time.
Learning new material. Compilation of supporting notes by students.
Fixing the material (test). Working at the computer.
Summing up the results of an extracurricular activity.
During the classes:
I . Organizing time.
The life safety teacher announces the topic and purpose of the lesson; explains the procedure for carrying it out.
Learning new material.
Life Safety Teacher:
You have note forms at your workplace (Appendix No. 1). During the event, fill in the gaps left in them using the presentation and story of your comrades.
The victories of Russian weapons over the enemies of the Fatherland have always been widely celebrated by the Russian public. Reviving one of the best Russian military traditions, on March 13, 1995, the Federal Law “On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days) of Russia” was adopted, the list of which included the most outstanding events of military history. In accordance with this law, days of military glory of Russia have been established.
Next, students individually view a presentation on the days of military glory on a computer. While working with the presentation, students fill out note forms and prepare short reports on educational issues. At the end of the viewing, they take turns delivering their prepared messages.
Sample message text.
1. April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus. On this day in 1242, a decisive battle took place that finally liberated the Russian land from the German invaders. It went down in history as the Battle of the Ice. This victory strengthened the morale of the Russian people and instilled hope for success in the fight against foreign invaders. Alexander Nevsky was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
2. September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo. The Mongol-Tatar yoke brought terrible disasters to Russian soil. In 1380, the ruler of the Golden Horde, Khan Mamai, went on a great campaign against Rus'. Prince Dmitry, at the head of the Russian army, opposed him; he decided to defeat the hordes of Mamai before they invaded the depths of the Russian land. The victory of Russian soldiers on the Kulikovo Field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian unified state and raised the role of Moscow as a center of unification.
3. November 7 – Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people’s militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Rus' suffered severe trials. The period of unrest and chaos lasted 15 years. The threat of loss of national independence loomed over Russia. This caused deep concern in patriotic circles of the nobility and other classes of the entire population. In Nizhny Novgorod, the formation of a militia began, which played a decisive role in the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. It consisted of detachments of nobles, townspeople, peasants, and residents of the Volga region of all nationalities. The townspeople nominated Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky as the leader of the militia. Together with him, the organizer and leader of the militia was Kuzma Minin. In August 1612, militia detachments defeated the Polish army near the capital. The news of the liberation of Moscow inspired the whole country. Conditions were created for the restoration of state power in Russia. Grateful descendants unveiled a monument in the Russian capital. On its granite pedestal is inscribed in bronze letters: “To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky, grateful Russia, summer 1818.”
4. July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter 1 over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava. In 1700-1721, Russia fought a difficult Northern War with Sweden for the return of ancestral Russian lands and access to the Baltic Sea. The victory at Poltava predetermined the victorious outcome of the Northern War for Russia.
5. August 9 – Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut. The naval battle at Cape Gangut is a glorious page in the history of the Russian fleet. This was the first naval victory over the strongest Swedish fleet at that time, which had never known defeat until then. St. Petersburg solemnly welcomed the heroes of Gangut. Volleys of artillery salutes thundered over the city, thousands of residents of the capital filled the embankments of the Neva, along which victorious Russian ships with captured Swedish ships followed. Peter1 called the victory at Gangut “the second Poltava.”
6. December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov. This event occurred during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791 and was of particular significance. In an effort to avoid bloodshed, Suvorov sent an ultimatum to the commandant of Izmail to surrender the fortress. The commandant was so confident in the impregnability of the fortress that his answer became a catchphrase: “It is more likely that the sky will fall to the ground and the Danube will flow upward than Ishmael will surrender.” Izmail was taken by the Russian army, which was outnumbered by the fortress garrison. For the capture of Izmail, in honor of A.V. Suvorov, Catherine II ordered a medal to be knocked out and established an officer’s gold cross with the inscription “For excellent courage.”
7. September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army. In June 1812, the French army under the command of Napoleon invaded Russia, expecting a quick victory. However, Napoleon's plans were not destined to come true. The commander-in-chief of the Russian army, M.I. Kutuzov, decided to stop the advance of Napoleon’s army towards Moscow near the village of Borodino. It is 120 km here. the capital decided to give a general battle.
8. December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P. S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop. The naval battle of Sinop took place at the very beginning of the Crimean War. This was the last major battle of sailing ships and the first in which bomb guns (that is, fired explosive shells) were used. In the Sinop battle, the effectiveness of the advanced system of training and education of Black Sea soldiers was clearly demonstrated. The high combat skill shown by the sailors was achieved through persistent study, training, campaigns, and mastery of all the intricacies of maritime affairs.
9. February 23 – Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops in Germany – Defender of the Fatherland Day. On February 23, 1918, the young Workers' and Peasants' Red Army stopped the advance of German troops near Pskov and Narva. This day began to be considered the birthday of the Red Army, and later – the Day of Defender of the Fatherland.
10. December 5 - The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow. In terms of the number of troops, military equipment and weapons, the scope and intensity of hostilities, the battle of Moscow in 1941 was one of the largest in the history of the Second World War. For valor and courage shown in fierce and bloody battles, 36 thousand soldiers and officers were awarded orders and medals. The Battle of Moscow was the beginning of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
11. February 2 - The day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad. On September 13, the enemy launched an assault on Stalingrad, intending to throw its defenders into the Volga with a powerful blow. Fierce fighting broke out, especially in the area of the station and for Mamayev Kurgan. The fight was for every street, every block, every building. The intensity of the fighting is evidenced by the fact that the station changed hands 13 times over the course of two days. On November 19, 1942, an avalanche of fire and metal fell on the enemy. On February 2, 1943, the surrounded fascist troops were completely defeated. The victory at Stalingrad marked a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War and had a decisive influence on its entire further course.
12. January 27 – Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad. From the first days of the war, one of the strategic directions, according to the plans of the Nazi command, was Leningrad. Leningrad was among the most important targets targeted for capture. The battle for Leningrad, the longest during the entire Second World War, lasted 900 days. Leningraders showed examples of endurance and patriotism.
13. May 9 – Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Second World War of 1941–1945. The people defended the freedom and independence of their fatherland and saved world civilization from fascist enslavement. On May 8, representatives of the German military command signed the Act of Unconditional Surrender. On behalf of the Soviet command, the Act was signed by Marshal Zhukov. May 9 is the brightest holiday of the entire Russian people, the day of our unfading military glory.
History teacher.
– As historical experience shows, Russians have always been among the first in military affairs. But not at all because of the love of conquest. This is how the history of the country developed - we always had to defend our independence. Therefore, unparalleled fortitude and courage are in the blood of Russian soldiers! Let us remember their glorious victories! Let us be worthy of their glory!
III . Fixing the material(test application No. 2)
To repeat and consolidate the material, students are asked to answer test questions.
To do this, open the file on the Desktop “Days of Military Glory of Russia” made in Excel and, after reading the question, select the correct answer from the list.
VII . Summing up the event.
In conclusion, the teacher gives a meaningful assessment of the results of the work of the group as a whole and individual students, focusing on positive achievements.
Annex 1.
Student's note form.
Last name, first name _______________________, group __________, date _____________.
The theme of the event: “Days of military glory of Russia.”
On March _________, the Federal Law “_____________________________________________” was adopted.
The calendar of memorable dates includes ________________ events of military history.
| Name of events. |
|||
| Battle on the Ice. |
|||
| Battle of Kulikovo. |
|||
| Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders. |
|||
| Battle of Poltava. |
|||
| Naval victory at Cape Gangut. |
|||
| Capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail. |
|||
| Battle of Borodino. |
|||
| Battle of Cape Sinop. |
|||
| Victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops in Germany. |
|||
| The beginning of the counteroffensive near Moscow. |
|||
| Battle of Stalingrad. |
|||
| Lifting the blockade of Leningrad. |
|||
| Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Second World War. |
The ice battle took place on _____________________ lake. Russian troops acted under the leadership of ______________ ______________. In the Battle of Kulikovo, ______________ _____________ led the Russian army. The leaders of the first Russian militia against the Polish invaders were Prince ________________ ______________ and _____________ _____________. The Battle of Poltava and the Battle of Cape Gangut took place during the _____________ war. The Russian troops were commanded by Tsar _______________. The capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail took place under the command of the great Russian commander ___________________. The French army was defeated near Moscow by Russian troops under the command of ________________________. Under the command of the great Russian admiral ____________________, a significant battle took place at Cape Sinop. The act of surrender of Germany in 1945 was signed by ______________.
Appendix 2.
Test. Days of military glory of Russia.
1. Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus - (Battle of the Ice)
2.The day of the victory of Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo. (Battle of Kulikovo).
3. Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people’s militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders.
4. Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava. (Battle of Poltava)
5.The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter over the Swedes at Cape Gangut. (Victory at Cape Gangut)
6. The day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov. (The Capture of Ishmael).
7.Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzova
with the French army. (Battle of Borodino).
8.Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop. (Victory at Cape Sinop).
9.Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops in Germany.
Defender of the Fatherland Day.
10. The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow.
11. The day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad.
12. Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad.
13.Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.
View presentation content
"Days of Military Glory"
Days of military glory - chronicle of the heroic valor of the Russian army
In all centuries, the heroism, courage of Russia, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state. This Federal Law establishes the days of glory of Russian weapons - the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the days of military glory of Russia).
The days of military glory of Russia are the days of glorious victories that played a decisive role in the history of Russia and in which Russian troops earned themselves the honor and respect of their contemporaries and the grateful memory of their descendants.
April 18th- Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice, 1242).
The battle took place on 5 (18) April 1242 at sunrise.
Seeing the approaching enemies, Alexander raised his hands to the sky: “Judge, O God, my dispute with this arrogant people.” The German knights, having formed a special battle formation - a wedge, crashed into the ranks of the Russians, tore their formation in two and seemed close to victory. A terrible roar from the blows of swords on shields and helmets, from the crack of breaking spears, from the screams and groans of the wounded stood over the battlefield. The ice turned purple with blood and cracked in places. At a time when the Germans were already rejoicing at the victory, Alexander with a spare regiment attacked them from the rear and disrupted their ranks. The Germans fled. Many drowned. Alexander Nevsky returned triumphantly after the Battle of the Ice to liberated Pskov.
September 21- Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380)
September 8, 1380. Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, the Moscow prince, stood with his army on the Kulikovo field to prevent the hordes of Khan Mamai from entering Rus'.
Both troops met. The hero Chelubey rode out from the Tatar ranks, loudly challenging his opponent. Monk Peresvet answered him. They grappled, and both fell dead, piercing each other with their spears.
Trumpets sounded and the battle began. For ten miles there is a bloody battle. “Dmitry was the first to fight and fought a lot with the Tatars,” the chronicle says. Under the pressure of the enemy cavalry, the Russian warriors retreated. Mamai triumphs at headquarters.
But no, the battle is not over! The regiments of Prince Serpukhovsky Vladimir Andreevich and governor Dmitry Mikhailovich Bobrok-Volynets struck from an ambush. The Tatars did not expect this. In horror, they threw down their weapons and fled.
This victory in 1380 at the Battle of Kulikovo was expensive. The Kulikovo Field has forever become a field of Russian glory.
November 7- Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people’s militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders (1612)
Difficult trials befell Rus' at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries. Under the leadership of King Sigismund III, the Poles crossed the Russian border and in September 1609 besieged Smolensk. On the night of September 21, 1610, the boyar government allowed Polish troops into the capital.
In September 1611, the formation of a militia began in Nizhny Novgorod, which played a decisive role in the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. The townspeople nominated Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky as the leader of the militia. Together with him, the organizer and leader of the militia was Kuzma Minin, who came from the Nizhny Novgorod townspeople.
In August 1612 Militia detachments defeated the Polish army near the capital. The occupiers had their last refuge - the Kremlin, which came under heavy siege. On October 26, 1612, the Polish garrison capitulated.
This victory once again showed that in difficult times for the country, Russian people’s patriotic feelings are especially clearly manifested and their best qualities are revealed: selfless love for the Fatherland, the greatest valor and heroism, the ability to withstand the most difficult trials and defend their independence.
July 10- Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709)
On June 27 (July 8), 1709, the general battle of the Northern War of 1700-1721 took place - the Battle of Poltava.
The Russian army under the command of Peter I defeated the Swedish army of Charles XII. The remnants of the Swedish troops surrendered at Perevolochna. Charles XII fled to Turkey.
The Battle of Poltava led to a turning point in the Northern War in favor of Russia.
August 9- The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714)
The Gangut naval battle between the Russian and Swedish fleets during the Northern War (1700-1721) took place on July 26-27 (August 6-7, 1714, north of the Gangut (Hanko) peninsula on the Baltic Sea.
The Battle of Gangut was the first major victory of the regular Russian fleet over the Swedish fleet. The skillful use of the advantages of the rowing fleet in the skerries, the correct use of the breakthrough site, the decisiveness of the command, the heroism of the officers and sailors allowed the Russians to defeat part of the enemy forces in the presence of superior forces of the Swedish fleet. As a result, the Russian fleet received freedom of action in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia.
The victory at Gangut was of great military and political significance, ensuring the successful operations of troops in Finland and creating conditions for the transfer of military operations to Swedish territory. Peter I highly appreciated the victory at Gangut, equating it to Poltava.
11 September- Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790)
On the morning of August 28 (September 8), a squadron under the flag of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakov (10 battleships, 6 frigates) discovered 14 Turkish battleships and 8 frigates anchored near Tendra Island. Ushakov immediately attacked the enemy, without even changing into a battle formation from a marching one.
After an intense one and a half hour battle, the Turkish ships, having received serious damage, left the battle. At dawn the next day the battle resumed. The Russian squadron, under full sail, pursued the Turks, who were hastily heading towards the Bosphorus. As a result, several Turkish ships were destroyed, and the battleship Meleki-Bohri was captured.
The battle near the island of Tendra ended in complete victory for the Russian sailors, who defeated the Turkish fleet and opened the way for the rowing flotilla to the Danube
December 1- Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P. S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853)
The Sinop naval battle began on December 1 (November 18), 1853, at 12:30 p.m. and lasted until 5:00 p.m. The first to open fire on the Russian squadron entering the Sinop roadstead were Turkish ships and coastal batteries. The Russian ships, having taken advantageous positions and taking advantage of their superiority in artillery, returned fire.
Half an hour later, the Turkish flagship Avni-Allah and the frigate Fazli-Allah, engulfed in flames, ran aground, then other Turkish ships were set on fire or damaged, and Turkish coastal batteries were suppressed or destroyed.
In this battle, the Turks lost 15 of 16 ships and over 3 thousand people killed and wounded. About 200 people were taken prisoner, including Osman Pasha himself and the commanders of three ships. The Battle of Sinop was the last major battle between sailing ships and the last significant battle won by the Russian fleet
December 24- The day of the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790)
With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish War of 1787 - 1791, Suvorov, with the rank of general-in-chief, was sent to command a corps in the army of G.A. Potemkin and won a series of brilliant victories at Kinburn (1787), at Focsani and Rymnik (1789); for the latter he was granted by Catherine II the title of Count of Rymniksky.
In 1790, Suvorov took the impregnable fortress of Izmail by storm, realizing his brilliant military plan and thereby deciding the success of the entire war.
8 September- Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812)
On August 26, 1812, the Battle of Borodino began with attacks by French units. For 6 hours there were continuous attacks by the French on Bagration's flushes, which they occupied at the cost of huge human losses (in this battle P.I. Bagration was mortally wounded).
Subsequently, Napoleon shifted the direction of the main attack to the Raevsky Battery. Despite the fact that by 16 o'clock the Russians had left an almost completely destroyed battery, all of Napoleon's attempts to build on their success ended in failure.
As dusk fell, Napoleon withdrew his troops to their original positions. Thus, he failed to solve the main task - to defeat the Russians in a general battle and thereby win the war.
Borodino became the most important event in the Patriotic War of 1812, which predetermined the entire further course of the struggle. In the Battle of Borodino, both armies suffered huge losses, which turned out to be irreparable for the French.
February 23- Day of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops of Germany (1918) - Day of Defenders of the Fatherland
Defenders of the Fatherland Day originated in 1918 as the birthday of the Red Army to commemorate the victory at Narva and Pskov over the German conquerors.
Defenders of the Fatherland Day occupies a special place in the calendar of significant dates. On this day, Russians pay tribute and gratitude to military personnel, army and navy veterans, Afghan soldiers, and the families of those who were or remain in military service. The defenders of the Fatherland have always had a difficult fate. They were the first to stand in the way of those who encroached on the freedom of the country with a sword and did not spare their lives to save it.
Today the army is the basis of Russian statehood and the guarantor of stability in the country.
5th of December- The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against German and fascist troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941)
On December 6, the jubilant voice of announcer Yu.B. Levitan was heard in the daily radio report “From the Soviet Information Bureau”:
“On December 6, 1941, the troops of our Western Front, having exhausted the enemy in previous battles, launched a counteroffensive against his attack flank groups. As a result of the launched offensive, both of these groups were defeated and hastily retreated, abandoning equipment and weapons and suffering huge losses!”
For over 200 days there were furious, bitter and bloody battles, in which over 7 million soldiers and officers, about 53 thousand guns and mortars, about 6.5 thousand tanks and assault guns, and more than 3 thousand combat aircraft fought on both sides. The Battle of Moscow was a decisive military event in the first year of the Great Patriotic War.
February 2- Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943)
The Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943) - defensive (from July 17 to November 18, 1942) and offensive (from November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943) operations carried out by Soviet troops with the aim of defending Stalingrad and defeating the group operating in the Stalingrad direction fascist German troops.
Battle of Stalingrad- one of the largest in World War II. It lasted 200 days. The fascist bloc lost about 1.5 million people killed, wounded, captured and missing. The Battle of Stalingrad made a decisive contribution to achieving a radical turning point in the course of not only the Great Patriotic War, but also the entire Second World War. As a result Battle of Stalingrad The Soviet Armed Forces wrested the strategic initiative from the enemy and held it until the end of the war.
August 23- Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943)
Early in the morning of July 5, German troops from Army Groups “Center” and “South” under the command of Field Marshals H. G. Kluge and E. Manstein went on the offensive in the Kursk salient area.
On July 12, a counteroffensive began, which resulted in the largest oncoming tank battle of World War II, which took place near the village of Prokhorovka. 1,200 tanks and self-propelled artillery units took part in the battle. By the end of the day, the defeat of the Germans was obvious; they lost more than 3.5 thousand killed, 400 tanks, 300 vehicles.
The central front went on the offensive on July 15 and, overcoming stubborn enemy resistance, by July 30 its troops managed to advance to a depth of 40 km. On the evening of August 5 in Moscow, to commemorate the liberation of Orel and Belgorod, an artillery salute was fired for the first time during the war. During the Battle of Kursk, 30 German divisions were defeated, German losses amounted to more than 500 thousand soldiers and officers, about 1.5 thousand tanks, 3 thousand guns, and over 3.7 thousand aircraft.
One of the strategic tasks set by the leadership of Nazi Germany for the armed forces in the Barbarossa plan was the capture of the largest industrial and political center of the USSR, the city of Leningrad. During 1941-1944. A number of defensive and offensive operations took place in the city area, which in general can be called the “battle for Leningrad”. This battle involved significant forces of troops, equipment and civilians. On July 10, 1941, close combat began on the outskirts of the city. Units of the Soviet Army and the 10th People's Militia Division managed to slow down the advance of German troops at the "Luga Line" and give the city time to mobilize all its forces for defense.
Despite the heroic resistance of the city’s defenders, German troops managed to blockade the city from land on September 8, 1941. The city was under blockade until January 27, 1944.
In the battle for Leningrad, 350 thousand soldiers, officers and generals of the Soviet Army were awarded orders and medals, 226 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. About 1.5 million people were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". In the chronicle of the Great Patriotic War of 1914-1945. this battle took one of the most honorable places.
The Great Patriotic War was the largest armed conflict in human history. On a huge front stretching from the Barents to the Black Sea, from 8 to 12 million people fought on both sides at different periods, from 5 to 20 thousand tanks and self-propelled artillery units, from 150 to 320 thousand guns and mortars, from 7 to 19 thousand aircraft. The history of wars has never known such a huge scale of combat operations and the concentration of such a large mass of military equipment. The whole country stood up to fight the enslavers. At the front and in the rear, people of all nations and nationalities were united by one goal - to survive and win.
The war, which was a tragedy in almost every family, ended in victory for the USSR. On May 8, 1945, the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed. May 9 was declared Victory Day on May 8, 1945 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to commemorate the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War. Since then, Victory Day has been celebrated all over the world.
"ABOUT THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY (VICTORY DAYS) OF RUSSIA"
Article 1. Days of military glory of Russia.
Article 2. Forms of perpetuating the memory of Russian soldiers.
Article 3. Organization of the days of military glory of Russia.
Article 4. Procedure for conducting military rituals.
Article 5. The procedure for holding days of military glory of Russia in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops.
Article 6. Financial support for holding days of military glory of Russia.
Article 7. Entry into force of this Federal Law.
"ABOUT THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY (VICTORY DAYS) OF RUSSIA" Article 3. Organization of days of military glory of Russia
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ORGANIZES:
- development of plans and programs for military-historical work;
- holding events aimed at perpetuating the memory of Russian soldiers who distinguished themselves in battles associated with the days of military glory of Russia;
- propaganda of days of military glory of Russia;
- installation of memorial structures and objects, creation of memorial museums and exhibitions dedicated to the days of military glory of Russia;
- implementation of measures for the preservation and improvement of memorial structures and objects perpetuating the days of military glory of Russia;
- development of draft international treaties of the Russian Federation to ensure the safety of memorial structures and objects perpetuating the days of military glory of Russia, which are located on the territories of foreign states, as well as participation in the implementation of these international treaties;
- coordination with the relevant organizations of foreign states on whose territories the specified memorial structures and objects are located, measures for their preservation and improvement;
- ensuring public order during the days of military glory of Russia.
April 18, 1242 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle of the Ice). The reason is the invasion of German knights into Northwestern Rus' in order to enrich themselves and seize new lands. Participants are German knights (Livonian Order). The Russian army led by Alexander Nevsky. Historical significance - victory of Russian troops. Peace was concluded on terms dictated by the Russian side. The movement of Western invaders into Rus' was stopped. The Battle of the Ice was an example of military tactics and strategy.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA September 21, 1380 – Day of victory of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo The reason is the offensive of the Mongol-Tatar troops on Moscow with the aim of its complete subjugation to the power of the Tatar khan. The participants are the Mongol-Tatar army led by Mamai, the Russian army led by Dmitry Donskoy. Historical significance - The Battle of Kulikovo is the first major victory against the Tatar conquerors. Moscow turned into the center of the liberation struggle against the Mongol-Tatar yoke. This accelerated the process of unifying Russian lands around Moscow.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA November 4, 1612 - The day of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders. The reason is the threat of the loss of Russian national independence under the influence of Polish invaders who invaded the Russian state. Participants - Polish interventionists, Russian people's militia (nobles, townspeople, peasants) led by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, merchant Kuzma Minin.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA July 10, 1709 - Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter I over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709). The reason - on the part of Russia - is the struggle for access to the Baltic Sea. On the Swedish side, Russia is isolated from sea routes. The capture of Poltava in order to replenish supplies and open the way for an attack on Russian lands. Participants - Swedish regiments led by King Charles XII, Russian regiments led by Tsar Peter I. Historical significance - the military power of Sweden was undermined. The outcome of the northern war is predetermined. Russia's international authority has increased.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA August 9, 1714 - The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut. The reason is the dominance of the Swedish fleet in the Baltic Sea. Participants are the Swedish fleet of Vice Admiral Vatrang and the Russian fleet under the command of Admiral Apraksin and Tsar Peter I. Historical significance - the first victory of the young Russian fleet over the strong Swedish fleet. The victory raised the spirit of the Russian troops. The Battle of Gangut is a symbol of Russian naval glory.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA September 9, 1790 – Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakova over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra. December 24, 1790 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov. The reason is that the blockade of the Danube by Turkish troops prevented the Russians from continuing their offensives. The reluctance of the Turkish Sultan to come to terms with the assertion of Russia on the northern coast of the Black Sea. Participants - Turkish squadron, Russian squadron led by Rear Admiral F. Ushakov, Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA Historical significance - Victories at Cape Tendra forced the Turks to lift the blockade of the Danube and created favorable conditions for the offensive of the Russian army and navy. The first century of the fleet's existence ended with brilliant success. The capture of the Izmail fortress influenced the course of the war and the conclusion of the Peace of Iasi between Russia and Turkey in 1791, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia and established the Russian-Turkish border along the Dniester River. The entire northern Black Sea region was assigned to Russia. Russia has firmly strengthened its position on the northern coast of the Black Sea.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA September 8, 1812 – Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army The reason is the attack of French troops on Moscow. The participants are the French army led by Napoleon. The Russian army led by Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA Historical significance - The Battle of Borodino predetermined and prepared the defeat of the French army. At the cost of huge losses, the French pushed back the Russian troops, but did not achieve decisive success. The Battle of Borodino is a symbol of perseverance and heroism in defense of the Motherland.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA February 23, 1918 - Day of the Red Army's victory over the Kaiser's troops of Germany - Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. The reason is Germany’s reluctance to conclude an agreement with Russia on peaceful terms “without annexations and indemnities.” The participants are the Kaiser's troops of Germany. Workers' and Peasants' Army. Historical significance - Victory of the Red Army near Narva and Pskov over the German conquerors. The birthday of the Red Army is the Day of Defender of the Fatherland.
DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA Historical significance – The Battle of Moscow – the enemy’s attempts to break through to Moscow were thwarted. The enemy was thrown back 150 - 400 kilometers. The Battle of Stalingrad was a radical turning point in the war and determined the further course of the entire Second World War.
