What is adhan for muslims. Azan and everything connected with it. The Basics of Reading the Adhan

a call to prayer, which is loudly proclaimed by the muezzin to notify Muslims of the time for the next ritual prayer. To do this, in orthodox Islam, the muezzin turns his face towards Mecca, puts his hands to his ears and exclaims loudly: “Allahu akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Ashkhadu en la ilaha illallah! Ashkhadu en la ilaha illallah! Ashkhadu anna muhammadan rasulullah! Ashkhadu Anna Muhammadan Rasulullah! Hayya alyassalat! Hayya alyassalat! Hayya alalfalah! Hayya alalfalah! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! La ilaha illallah!" [Translation: Allah is great (4 times)! I testify that there is no deity but Allah (2 p.)! I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (2 p.)! Hurry to prayer (2 p.). Hurry to a good deed (2 p.)! Allah is great (2 p.)! There is no deity but Allah) (1 p.)]. When pronouncing the words “Hayya alassalah! Hayya alassalah! Hayya alalfalah! Hayya alalfalah!" turn your head to the right and left. In addition, when announcing the dawn prayer, Sunni Muslims, after the words “Hayya alalfalah!” say the words: “As-salatu khairun minan naum!” (Prayer is better than sleep.) According to the hadiths, Bilal al-Habashi woke up the prophet Muhammad with these words, who liked them so much that he allowed them to be used in the morning azan. Shiites, after the words "Hayya alalfalah!" 2 times they say: “Hayya ala khairil amal” (Hurry to perform righteous deeds). Also, Shiites are allowed to pronounce after the words “Ashkhadu anna Muhammadan rasulullah!” the words "Ashhadu Anna Aliyun Wali Ullah" (I testify that Ali is close to Allah). However, these Shia formulations are rejected by the Sunni ulema, who consider them to be late innovations. Another feature of the Shia version of the adhan is the double pronunciation of the words "La ilaha illallah!" at the end of the adhan. Azan should be read by those people who have a beautiful and sonorous voice. You need to sing it slowly. But this chanting should not turn into something like music. During the recitation of the adhan, Muslims must listen to it. When the muezzin utters the words "Haya alassalat!" and "Hayya alalfalah!" Muslims are advised to say the following words: “La haula wa la kuvwa illa billah” (There is no strength and power except with Allah). Namaz became obligatory for Muslims in Mecca from the 9th year from the beginning of the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (See Salad). However, at that time there was no form of calling the people to prayer. The fact is that there they were persecuted and gathered for prayers at the right time without being called. After moving to Medina, Muslims called each other to prayer with the words “al-Salat Jamlatun” (gather for prayer). But after the rapid spread of Islam, the official form of the call to prayer became a necessity. To this end, the Prophet Muhammad called his companions for advice. Some offered to ring the bells, others to blow the trumpet, others to kindle fires. However, the prophet rejected these proposals, as these were the customs of Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians. After the debate they all went home. Among the Companions was Abdullah ibn Zayd, who on the same night saw in a dream that a man in a green robe came up to him and taught him the above words and the order of performing the adhan. In the morning he went to the Prophet Muhammad and told him about it. Then it turned out that many of his companions, including Omar, had approximately the same dreams. After listening to them, the prophet approved this form of call to prayer and instructed Abdullah ibn Zayd to teach Bilal al-Habashi the words of the adhan, as he had a very beautiful voice. According to Islamic tradition, the person whom the companions saw in a dream was actually the angel Jibril sent by Allah. Thus, Bilal became the first muezzin in the history of Islam. After that, the adhan became a call to prayer for Muslims in Medina and then all over the world. Saying the adhan before prayer is highly desirable (sunnah muakkada), but an optional act.

azan kz, azan listen
Azan(Arabic أذان‎‎ - announcement, invitation) - in Islam: a call to obligatory prayer. Reading azan muezzin(Turk. - Azanchi). During the reading of the azan, the muezzin stands facing the direction of the Kaaba (qibla) and holds on to the lobes of the ears with the thumb and forefinger. A few minutes after the adhan, just before the prayer, the iqamah is read, consisting of the same formulas. Azan is usually called from the minaret of the mosque.

Saying the adhan before prayer is an optional, but highly desirable (sunnah muakkada) deed. It is also advisable for Muslims to whisper the azan into the right ear some time after the birth of the child. The same is done with a person who has been possessed by evil spirits.

• 1. History
• 2 Text
• 3 Reading rules
• 4 Etiquette while listening to the adhan
• 5 Notes
• 6 Literature
• 7 Links

Story

US Army soldier reciting the azan (2012)

According to legend, the azan was established by the prophet Muhammad in 622-623 and originally consisted of saying the phrase as-salat jami'atan ("prayer - together"). The choice of the oral form of the call was due to the existence of a similar practice in pre-Islamic pagan Arabia. The same method of calling to prayer was used by the "false prophets" Musailima and Sajah.

According to legend, having moved to Mecca, the Prophet Muhammad called his companions for advice in order to choose a suitable call to prayer. Some companions offered to ring the bells, others to kindle fires, others to blow the trumpet. The Prophet rejected these proposals, as these were the customs of Christians, Zoroastrians and Jews. That same night, Abdullah ibn Zeid saw in a dream that a man in a green robe (the angel Jibril) approached him and taught him the words and the procedure for performing the call to prayer. In the morning he went to the Prophet Muhammad and told him about it. Then it turned out that many companions had similar dreams. After listening to them, Muhammad approved this form of adhan and instructed Abdullah ibn Zayd to teach the words of the adhan to Bilal ibn Rabah, who had a very beautiful voice. Thus, Bilal became the first muezzin in the history of Islam.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Atatürk's government insisted on replacing the traditional adhan in Arabic with its translation into Turkish. To prevent Islamic propaganda, the Arabic word "al-falah" (salvation) was not translated into Turkish. For this reason, instead of the words "Haydi kurtuluşa" (Hurry to salvation), "Haydı Fellaha" sounded in the "Turkish adhan".

The ban on azan in Arabic was lifted in Turkey on June 6, 1950, after the opposition won the election. It is believed that the use of adhan in Turkish contradicted the hadith, which states that when translated, the Arabic text does not retain its meaning.

Text

The muezzin proclaims the azan (Wilhelm Gentz, 1878).

Sunni azan consists of seven formulas.

Qty	Arabic text	Transcription	Translation
4 times	الله أكبر الله أكبر	Allahu Akbar	Allah is Great!
2 times	أشهد أن لا اله إلا الله	Ashẋadu al-la ilaẋa illa-llaẋ	I bear witness that there is no god but Allah!
2 times	أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله	Ashẋadu anna Muhammadan Rasulu-Llaẋ	I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah!
2 times	حي على الصلاة	Ḥaya ‘ala ṣ-ṣalyaẋ	Go to prayer!
2 times	حي على الفلاح	Khaya ‘ala l-falyakḥ	Seek salvation!
2 times	الصلاة خير من النوم	Aṣ-ṣalyatu khairu mina-n-naўm	Prayer is better than sleep!
2 times	الله أكبر الله أكبر	Allahu Akbar	Allah is Great!
1 time	لا إله إلا الله	La ilaẋa illa-llaẋ	There is no god but Allah!

Reading Rules

While reading the adhan, the muezzin should turn his face towards Mecca (qibla) and hold on to the lobes of his ears with his thumb and forefinger. Azan should be read by people with a beautiful and sonorous voice. Azan is performed in a singsong voice and slowly. The chanting of the azan should not turn into something like music.

After the adhan, a prayer is read, which includes the blessing of the prophet Muhammad, his family and companions.

During the morning azan, the Sunnis pronounce the words “As-salatu khairu mina-n-naum” (Prayer is better than sleep!). According to legend, Bilal ibn Rabah woke up the Prophet Muhammad with these words, who liked them so much that he allowed them to be used in the morning azan. Shiites also pronounce the words “ashkhadu anna ‘Aliyan valiullah” and “Haya ‘al khaira l-‘amal” (Go to a better cause!). At the end of the adhan, the Shiites say the words “La ilaha illallah!” twice.

When pronouncing the words “haya ‘ala s-salakh”, the muezzin turns his head to the right, and when pronouncing the words “haya ‘ala l-falyah” - to the left.

Etiquette while listening to the adhan

A Muslim who has heard the adhan should repeat after the muazzin everything that he says, up to the words: Haya ‘ala ṣ-ṣalah, Haya ‘ala l-falyah. Instead of these words, Muslims need to say: “La haula wa-la quwwata illa bi-Llah” (arab. لا حَـوْلَ وَلا قُـوَّةَ إِلاّ بِالله‎‎ - Only Allah has the strength and power!). Before the morning prayer, the words “As-salatu khairu mina-n-naum” (Prayer is better than sleep!) Are replaced by the formula: “You said what is true and fair!”.

After the end of the azan, a prayer is said for the prophet Muhammad: “Allahumma, Rabbah hazihi-d-da'wati-t-tammati wa-s-sala-ti-l-kaima-ti, ati Muhammadan al-wasilyata wa-l-fadilyata wa- b'as-khu makaman mahmudan allazi wa'adta-khu, inna-kya la tukhlifu-l-mi'ada!"

Notes

1. Azan // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia. - Almaty: "Kazakh Encyclopedias", 2004. - T. I. - ISBN 9965-9389-9-7.
2. 1 2 3 4 5 Ali-zade, A. A., 2007
3. 1 2 3 4 5 Islam: ES, 1991
4. Ali-zadeh, A. A., 2007, Abdullah ibn Zeid
5. Words of remembrance of Allah uttered during the adhan // Fortress of a Muslim / Comp. S. al-Qahtani; per. from Arabic. A. Nirsha. - 4th. - M.: Umma, 2012. - ISBN 978-5-94824-175-3.
6. Translation: O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and this ongoing prayer, bring Muhammad to al-Wasila and to a high position and guide him to the place of meritoriousness that You promised him, verily, You do not break the promise!

Literature

• Alizade, A. A. Azan (archive) // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Ansar, 2007.
• Rezvan E. A. Azan // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov. - M.: Nauka, 1991. - S. 14.

Links

• Answers to questions on the azan / AskImam.Ru
• Azan: a brief history / AskImam.Ru
• Azan times around the world / Adhan.Ru
• Azan and Iqamah / Umma.Ru
• Azan and Iqamat Al-Shia.Ru

Namaz
Obligatory Prayers	Fivefold prayer (fajr zuhr asr maghrib isha) Juma Idein Janazah
Desirable Prayers	Duha Istiska Istikhara Kusuf Voodoo Tasbih Ratibat Tarawih Tahajjud Tahiyatul-masjid Hajjat ​​Husuf Vitr
Forms of prayer	Individual Collective (Jamaat) Abbreviated (Qasr) Prayer of Fear (Khauf)
Basic elements of prayer	Rakaat Takbir Kiraat (standing) Ruku (bow from the waist) Qiyam (standing) Sujud (bow to the earth) Kugud (sitting)
Conditions for prayer	Taharat (cleansing): Ghusl (bathing) Wudu (ablution) Avrat Qibla Prayer times Azan· Ikamat · Niyat
Dua read in prayer	al-Fatiha Wajahtu Qunut Tashahhud Salawat Taslim
Dhikr after prayer	Ayat al-Kursi Tasbih Alhamdulillah Takbir
Category Commons Imam Muezzin Khutba Rug Sutra

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The Muslim religion has its own canons and norms, which sometimes look difficult for the uninitiated. For example, the azan in Islam is quite common, although this ritual does not exist in Christianity. Therefore, people who profess a different religion, finding themselves among Muslims, often do not understand the essence of this daily religious call to prayer.

Unfortunately, even some Muslims (especially young people), who were not brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of Islam and the worship of Allah, sometimes wonder what the adhan is for. It is worth looking into this issue in more detail.

What is the call to prayer for?

Every devout Muslim knows what an adhan is. This is, in fact, a call to prayer, which, as you know, is carried out five times a day. Accordingly, the call in Islam is proclaimed the same number of times - before each prayer. However, many Muslims, even hearing these beautiful words, do not think about them and therefore do not realize it.

Its uniqueness lies in the fact that the prayer to which it calls is obligatory, but the call itself is only desirable - if necessary, you can do without it. At the same time, she considers the call to prayer to be a very important part of the ritual. The muezzin must perform the reading of the azan in any settlement where Muslims live.

This is not only a kind of notification that the time for prayer is coming, but also the desire to remind what the prayer itself is for. Translated from Arabic, the word "azan" means "announcement, announcement." Muslims believe that the time for each prayer was set by Allah himself. However, the faithful may, for various reasons, miss the exact deadline, therefore the duties of the muezzin include the message that the time for prayer has come.

If the number and time of prayers were determined by the Almighty, then the azans were introduced into his ritual by the prophet Muhammad (saw) in the first third of the 7th century (1st century AH). There is a legend that tells about the creation of a call to prayer. According to him, the first Muslims living in Medina, where the prophet was at that time, did not know the exact time of prayer and told the Messenger of Allah about it. Even different ways of notification were proposed - someone suggested using large pipes or a bell, someone - to hang out special signs.

Finally, one of the followers of the Prophet, Abdullah ibn Zeid, saw in a dream a man who carried a zurna in his hand. Abdullah asked to sell the instrument, explaining that he wanted to notify people that it was time for prayer. However, the man said that there is a better way to do this and gave the full text of the adhan. When he woke up, he told about everything to the prophet Muhammad (saw), and he approved both the text of the announcement and the very method of it. Since then, prayer time alerts around the world have been read that way.

Some researchers believe that the man who appeared in a dream to Abdullah was none other than the angel Jibril.

Initially, it was a single phrase, translated as "joint prayer." However, in Arabia, even before the rise of Islam, there were pagan rituals, somewhat similar to this beautiful call. Therefore, the modern text of the call to prayer was gradually formed, which was due to both outdated pagan rules and the new Islamic religion.

In order to read the azan, the muezzin must turn towards the Kaaba and pronounce the words in a measured and singsong voice. Immediately after the call is announced, a dua (that is, a special short prayer) follows, where the Prophet himself, as well as his family and followers, are blessed. At the same time, the pre-prayer ritual is considered incomplete without pronouncing the iqamah, which is read after the notification of the prayer time, after a few minutes.

Number and time of announcement

Before starting to read, he must perform ablution, and during the announcement, make sure that his voice reaches all directions. If it is almost inaudible from one side of the minaret, the muezzin is charged with the duty to walk around the building so that the call can be heard by everyone. Finally, no matter what time the call is proclaimed, he must be completely absorbed in this matter and in no case be distracted - especially by greetings.

The main requirement for a person who reads the adhan is the presence of a beautiful and strong voice. The call to prayer is read loudly, measuredly. In contrast, iqamah is pronounced quickly (although this does not mean that these words can be spoken indistinctly and crumpled).

The canonical azan is announced in Arabic, although the muezzin must convey the meaning of this call to the believers, which means reading it in the language spoken by the listeners. The text of the call itself is simple, but requires the repetition of individual phrases. Here's what it looks like in Arabic:

الله أكبر الله أكبر (four times);

أشهد أن لا اله إلا الله (twice);

أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله (twice);

حي على الصلاة (twice);

حي على الفلاح (twice);

الله أكبر الله أكبر (twice);

لا إله إلا الله (once).

If you read the translation, the phrases look very simple, but they have a deep meaning. Repetitions and simplistic formulations seem to be designed to influence the subconscious of Muslims, explaining to them why prayer is so important. Azan in Russian is as follows:

Great is Allah (4 times)

I testify that there is no other deity but Allah (2 times)

I also testify that the Messenger of Allah is Muhammad (2 times)

Hasten to prayer (2 times)

Hurry to your salvation (2 times)

Great is Allah (2 times)

There is no other god but Allah (1 time).

It should be noted that the morning azan has a slight difference from all other calls that are pronounced during the day. Another phrase is inserted into its text, which is pronounced after the words "Hurry to your salvation" and is also repeated twice. It sounds like this: "Prayer is better than sleep." All other phrases have the same sound. The summoning formula is not difficult, so it is quite easy to remember.

Rules of conduct for believers

It should not be assumed that Muslims who went out to listen to the call should simply take it as a reminder of the beginning of prayer. After all, the azan is a component of the prayer ritual, which means that a certain response and action is required from the listeners.

The rules dictate that these words must be responded to immediately, postponing all the affairs with which a person is busy at this time. Even if at that moment you are reading the Quran, at the sound of the call, you need to interrupt your lesson. And the point is not only that from this moment you begin to prepare yourself for prayer inwardly, but that you need to repeat after the muezzin - and this requires a certain concentration.

When pronouncing the words, a person feels how the azan calms the soul. All these phrases must be repeated exactly as the caller says. But there are two exceptions. At the words "There is no other god but Allah", you need to answer "Only Allah is strong and omnipotent." And when the morning call time comes and the muezzin reminds: “Prayer is better than sleep,” the believers should answer: “Truly, these words are true.”

Thus, the prayer announcement is read by both parties - both the one that announces the call to prayer and the one that listens to the announcement. All this allows a person to tune in to a prayer mood and perform prayer after the adhan with enthusiasm and true humility. Moreover, if you are far away (for example, on a trip) and you know that the time for prayer is coming, then you need to read the call yourself and only after that proceed to the prayer.

In Islam, there are a number of rules that must be strictly followed. This applies to all aspects of the life of a faithful Muslim, and the adhan is no exception. Since the performance of prayer is a component, the prayer and the call are closely related, which means that they require compliance with the established requirements.

1. Azan cannot be read by a woman, it is allowed only for a man. In this case, the announcer must be exclusively a Muslim. If there is no man and only women have gathered for prayer, then instead of the adhan, they can read the iqamat.
2. It is impossible to pronounce while sitting, and those who listen should not talk and, even more so, laugh during the announcement of these words. Iqamat is read, as a rule, by the same person who called to prayer, although this is not a mandatory requirement. But if you are in while reading the call, the call to prayer can not be repeated after the muezzin. However, reading the iqamah is obligatory in any case.
3. During the announcement of the call, the muezzin must cover his ears with his index fingers (according to another version, hold the earlobes with his index and thumb). This is required in order to raise your voice. With the phrase "Hurry to prayer" he must turn his head to the right, and saying "Hurry to your salvation" - turn to the left.

The rules do not say anything about how clean the person who hears the call should be. But at the same time, the very one who announces the adhan must undergo purification in advance. After all, these words call for spiritual purity, so he is obliged to notify only after ablution.

Today, invocations, even being deeply woven into Islamic prayer rituals, can be considered a separate cultural direction. If you want to understand what is the beauty of these chants, you can turn on the adhan video. It is worth not only listening to the voice of the muezzin, but also looking at the expression on his face while pronouncing the call to prayer in order to understand what meaning any call is filled with and how much it can affect the soul of any person.

Azan

a call to prayer, which is loudly proclaimed by the muezzin to notify Muslims of the time for the next ritual prayer. To do this, in orthodox Islam, the muezzin turns his face towards Mecca, puts his hands to his ears and exclaims loudly: “Allahu akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Ashkhadu en la ilaha illallah! Ashkhadu en la ilaha illallah! Ashkhadu anna muhammadan rasulu-llah! Ashkhadu Anna Muhammadan Rasulullah! Haya ala-s-salad! Haya ala-s-salad! Hayya ala-l-falah! Hayya ala-l-falah! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! La ilaha illallah!" [Translation: Allah is great (4 times)! I testify that there is no deity but Allah (2 p.)! I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (2 p.)! Hurry to prayer (2 p.). Hurry to a good deed (2 p.)! Allah is great (2 p.)! There is no deity but Allah) (1 p.)]. When pronouncing the words “Haya ala-s-salah! Hayya ala-s-salaah! Hayya ala-l-falah! Hayya ala-l-falah! turn your head to the right and left. In addition, when announcing the dawn prayer, Sunni Muslims, after the words “Hayya ala-l-falah!” say the words: “As-salatu khairun minan naum!” (Prayer is better than sleep.) According to the hadiths, Bilal al-Habashi woke up the prophet Muhammad with these words, who liked them so much that he allowed them to be used in the morning azan. Shiites, after the words "Hayya ala-l-falah!" 2 times they say: “Hayya ala khairil amal” (Hurry to perform righteous deeds). Also, Shiites are allowed to pronounce after the words “Ashkhadu anna Muhammadan rasulu-llah!” the words "Ashhadu Anna Aliyun Wali Ullah" (I testify that Ali is close to Allah). However, these Shia formulations are rejected by the Sunni ulema, who consider them to be late innovations. Another feature of the Shia version of the adhan is the double pronunciation of the words "La ilaha illallah!" at the end of the adhan. Azan should be read by those people who have a beautiful and sonorous voice. You need to sing it slowly. But this chanting should not turn into something like music. During the recitation of the adhan, Muslims must listen to it. When the muezzin utters the words "Haya ala-s-salad!" and "Haya ala-l-falah!" Muslims are advised to say the following words: “La haula wa la kuvwa illa billah” (There is no strength and power except with Allah). Namaz became obligatory for Muslims in Mecca from the 9th year from the beginning of the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (See Salad). However, at that time there was no form of calling the people to prayer. The fact is that there they were persecuted and gathered for prayers at the right time without being called. After moving to Medina, Muslims called each other to prayer with the words “as-Salat Jamlatun” (gather for prayer). But after the rapid spread of Islam, the official form of the call to prayer became a necessity. To this end, the Prophet Muhammad called his companions for advice. Some offered to ring the bells, others to blow the trumpet, others to kindle fires. However, the prophet rejected these proposals, as these were the customs of Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians. After the debate they all went home. Among the companions was Abdullah ibn Zayd, who on the same night saw in a dream that a man in a green robe came up to him and taught him the above words and the order of performing the adhan. In the morning he went to the Prophet Muhammad and told him about it. Then it turned out that many of his companions, including Omar, had approximately the same dreams. After listening to them, the prophet approved this form of call to prayer and instructed Abdullah ibn Zayd to teach Bilal al-Habashi the words of the adhan, as he had a very beautiful voice. According to Islamic tradition, the person whom the companions saw in a dream was actually the angel Jibril sent by Allah. Thus, Bilal became the first muezzin in the history of Islam. After that, the adhan became a call to prayer for Muslims in Medina and then all over the world. Saying the adhan before prayer is highly desirable (sunnah muakkada), but an optional act.

(Source: "Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary" A. Alizade, Ansar, 2007)

Synonyms:

• Azazil
• Azar

See what "Azan" is in other dictionaries:

azan- ezan, call Dictionary of Russian synonyms. azan n., number of synonyms: 3 call (29) soldier ... Synonym dictionary

AZAN- (Arabic) (ezan) in Islam, the call to prayer, proclaimed from the minaret by the muezzin ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Azan- This term has other meanings, see Azan (meanings). Islam ... Wikipedia

AZAN- in the ritual practice of Islam - a call to prayer, which is shouted from the minaret by a special servant of the mosque (muezzin or azanchi). In poor mosques, the azan is proclaimed by an imam or a member of the community who voluntarily assumed this duty. ... ... Eurasian wisdom from A to Z. Explanatory dictionary

Kazan- I zat. soil. 1. Kazandop. Қa zan oyynyn қys uaқytynda mұzdyң үstinde, al zhazda taқyr ​​alandarda oynauga bolady. Oyynga katysushylardyn әrkaysysynyn bassy kayky kakpa tayagy zhane barlygyna ortaқ doby boluy kerek (B.Totenaev, Қaz. ult. oyyn., 61). ... Kazakh tilinin tusindirme sozdigі

This and other articles about Muslim prayer can always be found in the section.

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: “If the time for prayer has come, let one of you read the azan to you, and the most worthy one will be your imam.” Wishing to show how much the reading of the azan is a manifestation of piety and an encouraged deed, the Prophet emphasized: “If people knew how much sawab (reward) [contained] in reading the azan and standing in the front row during prayer, and [they] would not find other possibility of granting this right to one of them as soon as by lot, then they would have resorted to this.

Reading the azan and iqamat in the mosque before Friday and the five obligatory prayers is for men "sunnah muakkiad". Failure to pronounce them before prayer is reprehensible, but not sinful. As for prayer during an eclipse of the sun, the Tarawih prayer, as well as festive and funeral prayers, when they are performed collectively, instead of the adhan, it is pronounced “ as-salatu jami'a"(الصَّلاَةُ جَامِعَةٌ). Reading adhan and iqamat by women is not welcome.

Azan – this is a notice of the time of prayer and a call to perform it. It is pronounced loudly immediately after the appropriate time. Reading azan, based on the provisions of the Sunnah, raises the hands to the level of the ears so that the thumb touches the earlobe.

If the azan was read in the mosque of the city or district, it is not necessary for people who did not come to the mosque to read it in the apartments. In this case, it is enough to read only the iqamat, with which the Ulama (theologians) of all madhhabs, except for the Shafi'i, agree. According to the Shafi'i theologians, reading the adhan even in this case is desirable.

adhan words

Pronounced slowly and drawn out:

Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar(2 times)

(Allah is above all).">

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaah (2 times)

اللَّهُ إلاَّ إلَهَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ

(I testify that there is nothing and no one comparable to the One and Only God.)

Ashkhadu anna muhammadar-rasuulul-laah (2 times)

(I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah).

أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ

Haya ‘ala salaya (2 times)

(Hurry to prayer).

حَيَّ عَلىَ الصَّلاَةِ

Haya ‘alal-falyah (2 times)

(Hurry to the rescue).

حَيَّ عَلىَ الْفَلاَح

Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar

الله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ

Lay ilyayahe illa llaah

(There is no god but Allah).

لاَ إلَهَ إلاَّ الله

In the call to morning prayer, after the words “haya ‘alal-falyah”, it is pronounced twice “ as-salayatu khairum-minan-navm» النَّوْمِ مِنْ خَيْرٌ الصَّلاَةُ (“prayer is better than sleep”).

iqamat –it is a call made just before performing the obligatory part of the prayer (farda).

Iqamah words

Pronounced measuredly:

The Hanafis:

Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar (2 times).

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaah (2 times).

Ashkhadu anna muhammadar-rasuulul-laah (2 times).

Haya ‘ala salaya (2 times).

Haya ‘alal-falyah (2 times).

Cad kaamatis salayatu kad kaamatis salayatu قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلاَةُ

(Prayer begins.)

Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar.

Laya ilyayahe illa llaah.

The Shafi'is:

Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar.

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaah.

Ashkhadu anna muhammadar-rasuulul-laah.

Haya 'ala ssalaya.

Haya ‘alal-falayah.

Kad kaamatis-salayatu kad kaamatis-salaya.

Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar

Laya ilyayahe illa llaah.

Both options are canonically correct and correspond to the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

Actions of those who hear adhan or iqamah

For those who hear the adhan, it is obligatory to repeat to oneself what is said by the muazzin (calling to prayer), and the iqamat is desirable. The exceptions are the words “haya ‘alayaya ssalaya” and “haya ‘alal-falyah”, when pronouncing which those listening to the azan should say: “laya hawla wa laya kuvvata illaya bill-layah” (“ there is no true power and no true power except with the Supreme Lord”), and after the words “kad kamatis-sala” - say: “akaamahe llaahu wa adaamahe” (“let the prayer be performed and constant”).

At the end of the adhan, both the one who read and the one who heard it say “salavat” and, raising their hands to chest level, turn to the Almighty with the following prayer:

Transliteration:

“Allaahumma, rabba haazihi dda‘vati ttaammati wa ssalyatil-kaaima. These muhammadanil-wasilyata wal-fadyla, vab‘ashu makaaman mahmuudan allazii ve‘adtakh, varzuknaa shafa‘atahu yavmal-kyayama. Innakya laya tukhliful-mii‘aad.”

اَللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ

آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسيِلَةَ وَ الْفَضيِلَةَ وَ ابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْموُدًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ

وَ ارْزُقْنَا شَفَاعَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِنَّكَ لاَ تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ

Translation:

“O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and beginning prayer! Give the Prophet Muhammad "al-wasily" and dignity. Grant him the promised high position. And help us take advantage of his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break the promise!”

Ibn ‘Amr narrates the following words of the Messenger of the Lord: If you hear a muazzin, then repeat what he says. Then ask the Lord to bless me. Truly, whoever asks for one blessing for me, the Lord gives ten. After that, ask for me "al-wasily" - a degree in Paradise, which is awarded to one of the servants of the Almighty. I wish to be him. Whoever asks for me "al-wasily", he will receive my intercession [on the Day of Judgment]» .

It is desirable to read the du‘a between the adhan and the iqamat. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: A prayer made between the adhan and the iqamah will not be rejected". He was asked: " How can we turn to the Lord? The Prophet replied: Ask the Almighty for forgiveness and prosperity in both worlds» .

St. x. al-Bukhari and Muslim. See, for example: Ash-Shavkyani M. Neyl al-avtar. T. 2. S. 33.

Hadith from Abu Hurairah; St. X. al-Bukhari and Muslim. See: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad as-salihin. S. 386, hadith no. 1032.

That is, the performance of both adhan and iqamah is necessary at the level of the sunnah.

This applies to the Hanafi madhhab, whose scholars base their opinion on the hadiths, in which this is condemned. Shafi'i scholars, while agreeing that the reading of the adhan is undesirable, admit the possibility of a quiet reading of the iqamat by women and consider this desirable (sunnah). See: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. In 8 vols. T. 1. S. 541; He is. Al fiqh al islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vols. T. 1. S. 694; T. 2. S. 991, 1194, 1195.

He does not need to have ablution.

“Indeed, Bilal [the first muezzin in history] read the adhan, touching his ears with his thumbs” (hadith from Abu Jahifa; sv. h. al-Bukhari and Muslim); “The Prophet told Bilal to put his thumbs to his ears, noting: “So you will be heard better” (hadith from ‘Abdurahman ibn Sa’d; sv. h. Ibn Maja and al-Hakim). See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. T. 1. S. 547; ash-Shawkyani M. Neyl al-avtar. T. 2. S. 47, hadith No. 497.

Some believers, upon hearing these words, kiss the phalanges of the thumbs and pass them over the eyes (eyebrows). This is a tradition that came after the Prophet. In the theological literature, almost nothing is said about this, with the exception of the book of the scholar al-‘Ajluni “Keshful-hafa’”, which says: “Ad-Daylami cites this as the action of Abu Bakr. Al-Qari said: "If it is certain that Abu Bakr is related to this, then this action acquires a canonical basis and can be practiced."

But the main conclusion of Muslim theologians is this: “Walam yasih fi marfu' min kulli haza sheyun” (none of the stories that mention this has anything to do with the Sunnah (the words or actions of the Prophet), is not reliable. See: Al-'Ajluni I. Kashf al-hafa' wa muzil al-ilbas: At 2 o'clock. Beirut: Al-kutub al-'ilmiya, 2001. Part 2. S. 184, 185, (point) No. 2294.

When pronouncing these words in the adhan, the muazzin turns the torso to the right without shifting the feet. See: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. T. 1. S. 547.