International and regional standards (subject to the accession of the Russian Federation to them), as well as national standards of other countries (if there are relevant agreements with these countries) are used on the territory of the Russian Federation as state standards. At the same time, they are:

a) the authentic text in Russian of the relevant document;

b) an authentic text in Russian of the relevant document with additional requirements reflecting the specifics of the needs of the national economy.

The state standard, drawn up according to option a) based on an international or regional standard (for example, ISO / IEC 2593) and not containing additional requirements, is designated as

GOST R ISO/IEC 2593-98.

If the state standard has additional requirements compared to the international (regional) standard (option b)), then the designation of the international standard is given in brackets, for example

GOST R 51295-99 (ISO 2965-97).

Regional standards for Russia, these are interstate standards (GOST) and the standards of the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (ST CMEA). Until now, the CIS countries (including the Russian Federation) have applied the CMEA standards, which act as interstate standards.

Interstate standards(GOST) act as regional standards in the CIS countries. The basis of the Interstate Standardization System (MGSS) was the state standards of the former USSR. In the Russian Federation, these standards are applied insofar as they do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Interstate standards are accepted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IGU) or the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS). The decision to cancel one or another standard of the USSR on the territory of the Russian Federation is taken by the State Standard or the State Construction Committee of Russia.

Symbols of interstate standards are similar to the symbols of state standards of the Russian Federation (see the symbols above), but without the letter "P".

International Standards(ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC) are the most widely used worldwide; represent a carefully developed version of the technical requirements for products (services), which greatly facilitates the exchange of goods, services and ideas between countries around the world.

ISO, IEC and ISO/IEC International Standards do not have the status of mandatory for all participating countries. Any country in the world has the right to apply or not apply them.

In their content, ISO standards are less concerned with the requirements for specific products. The bulk of regulatory documents relate to safety requirements, interchangeability, technical compatibility, product testing methods, as well as other general and methodological issues. Thus, the use of most international ISO standards assumes that specific technical requirements for a product are established in a contractual relationship.

In terms of content, IEC standards differ from ISO standards in greater specificity: they set out the technical requirements for products and methods of testing them, as well as safety requirements, which is relevant not only for IEC standardization objects, but also for certification for compliance with the requirements of safety standards. To ensure this area, which is of great importance in international trade, the IEC develops special standards for the safety of specific products.

All-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information are created within the framework of the Unified System for Classification and Coding of Technical, Economic and Social Information (ESKK TESI), which includes all-Russian classifiers, means of their maintenance, regulatory documents for their development, maintenance and application.

The main provisions of the ESKK system are set out in the following documents:

• PR 50 - 733 - 93. Basic provisions of the Unified System for Classification and Coding of Technical, Economic and Social Information and Unified Documentation Systems of the Russian Federation;
• PR 50 - 734 - 93. The procedure for the development of all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information;
• PR 50 - 735 - 93. Regulations on the maintenance of all-Russian classifiers based on the information and computer network of the State Statistics Committee of Russia. (In 1991, the State Statistics Committee of Russia was transformed into the Russian Statistical Agency)

Current all-Russian classifiers:

1. All-Russian classifier of enterprises and organizations (OKPO).
2. All-Russian classifier of public authorities and administration (OKOGU).
3. All-Russian classifier of economic regions (OKER).
4. All-Russian classifier of economic activities, products and services (OKDP).
5. All-Russian classifier of specialties in education (OKSO).
6. All-Russian classifier of occupations (OKZ).
7. All-Russian classifier of management documentation (OKUD).
8. All-Russian classifier of products (OKP).
9. All-Russian classifier of information on social protection of the population (OKISZN).
10. All-Russian classifier of services to the population (OKUN).
11. All-Russian classifier of standards (OKS).
12. All-Russian classifier of occupations of workers, positions of employees and wage categories (OKPDTR).
13. All-Russian classifier of fixed assets (OKOF).
14. All-Russian classifier of currencies (OKV).
15. All-Russian classifier of products and design documents for mechanical engineering and instrumentation (ESKD classifier).
16. All-Russian classifier of units of measurement (OKEI).
17. All-Russian classifier of specialties of higher scientific qualification (OKSVNK).

The All-Russian OKP classifier includes 98 classes of industrial and agricultural products. Due to the fact that more than 200 million items of various products are produced in Russia, in the production and distribution of which more than 500 thousand business entities are involved, planning, accounting and distribution of products are carried out using an automatic control system.

Simultaneously with the OKP in Russia, since 1991, a foreign trade classifier has been operating - the Trade Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity (TN VED), which is the basis of the customs tariff. To link these classifiers, conversion tables are used.

An integral part of ESCC TESI is product cataloging . It provides for the compilation of lists of manufactured, exported and imported products with their description (identification). The source of information for cataloging are catalog sheets (CL) submitted to the Centers for Metrology and Standardization upon registration by the manufacturer of technical specifications for products.

Industry standards(OST) must not violate the mandatory requirements of state standards, as well as the rules and safety standards established by state supervisory authorities on issues within their competence. The requirements of industry standards are subject to timely harmonization with the achievements of science, engineering and technology, as well as the requirements of state standards.

The industry standard is applied on the territory of the Russian Federation by enterprises subordinate to the state governing body that has adopted this standard. Other business entities apply industry standards on a voluntary basis.

The requirements of industry standards for products, works (processes) and services are subject to obligatory observance by business entities, if this is indicated in the technical documentation of the manufacturer (supplier) of products, the contractor of works and services in the contract.

Responsibility for the compliance of the requirements of industry standards with the mandatory requirements of state standards is borne by the state authorities that have adopted them.

An example of an industry standard convention:

• the first pair of digits is the symbol of the industry (ministries, departments)

(56 - symbol of the Federal Forestry Service),

• the second pair of digits is the registration number,
• the last pair of digits is the year the standard was approved.

Enterprise standards(STP) can be developed and approved by enterprises independently, based on the need for their application in order to improve the organization and management of production. At the same time, the standards of enterprises should not violate the mandatory requirements of state standards.

The requirements of enterprise standards are subject to obligatory observance by other business entities if the contract for the development, production and supply of products, for the performance of work and the provision of services refers to these standards.

In accordance with GOST R 1.4 - 93, enterprise standards can be developed by business entities in the following cases:

1. To ensure the application at the enterprise of state standards, industry standards, international, regional and national standards of other countries, standards of scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations.
2. For products, processes and services created and used at this enterprise, including:

1) components of products, technological equipment and tools;

2) technological processes, as well as general technological norms and requirements for them, taking into account safety for the environment, life and health;

3) services provided within the enterprise;

4) processes of organization and management of production.

The main purpose of STP is to solve internal problems; they are widely used in quality management systems.

Some Russian and foreign firms in their standards set more stringent requirements than state ones, as this contributes to success in the competitive struggle in the market.

An example of an enterprise standard convention:

STP SPbGMTU 05 98

• after the designation of the standard comes the abbreviation of the enterprise,

Standards of scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations(SRT) are developed and adopted by these public associations for the dynamic dissemination and use of the results of fundamental and applied research and development obtained in various fields of knowledge. They are developed, as a rule, for fundamentally new types of products, processes and services, test methods, including non-traditional technologies, principles of organization and management of production or other activities.

Service stations must not violate the mandatory requirements of state standards and are subject to agreement with the relevant state control and supervision bodies if the provisions established in them affect safety for the environment, life, health and property.

As the STO is tested, the requirements for standardization objects are being worked out and state standards can be developed on their basis.

An example of a society standard symbol:

STO ROO 1.01 95

• after the designation of the standard comes the abbreviation of the society,
• the first digits are the registration number of the standard,
• the last digits are the year the standard was approved.

The registration numbering system is developed by the company and coordinated with the State Standard of Russia.

Specifications(TU) manufacturers for the supplied products are used not only as technical documents, but also as regulatory documents, if they are referred to in contracts between the manufacturer and the consumer for the manufacture and supply of products. This document is developed for one or more specific products, materials, substances, etc. and is subject to agreement with the customer (consumer) or with the acceptance committee when the product is put into production. The signing of the act of acceptance of a prototype (pilot batch) of products by members of the acceptance committee means the approval of the specifications.

The requirements established by the technical specifications should not contradict the mandatory requirements of state standards related to this product.

An example of a specification symbol:

TU 1115 017 38576343 93

• the first group of digits is the code of the product group according to the OKP,
• the second group of numbers is the registration number,
• the third group of numbers is the code of the enterprise according to OKPO,
• the last group of numbers is the year of approval.

Rules(in accordance with GOST R 1.10 - 95) install obligatory obligatory

The rules are developed if it is necessary to detail the mandatory requirements of the relevant fundamental organizational, technical or general technical standards, in the absence of such standards, and also if it is inappropriate to develop and adopt, in justified cases, the relevant standards.

Recommendations contain voluntary for application, organizational and technical and (or) general technical provisions, orders (rules, procedures), methods (methods, techniques) for performing work in the relevant areas, as well as recommended requirements for the presentation of the results of these works.

Recommendations are developed if it is expedient to preliminary check in practice the organizational, technical and (or) general technical provisions that have not yet become standard, procedures (rules, procedures), methods (methods, techniques) for performing certain types of work, as well as rules for formalizing the results of these works. , that is, before the development and adoption of relevant rules or standards.

• index (PR or R),
• code of the State Standard of Russia (50),
• conditional designation code (standardization - 1, metrology - 2, certification - 3, accreditation - 4),
• registration number,
• year of approval (last two digits),

for example PR 50.1.005 - 95.

• the first two digits are the registration number,
• the last two digits are the year the document was approved.

Technical regulations under the law "On technical regulation" are adopted for the following purposes:

• protection of life and health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state and municipal property;
• protection of the environment, life or health of animals and plants;
• prevention of actions that mislead purchasers.

Technical regulations, taking into account the degree of risk of causing harm, establish the minimum necessary requirements to ensure:

• radiation safety;
• biological, mechanical, fire, industrial, thermal, chemical, electrical, nuclear radiation safety;
• explosion safety;
• electromagnetic compatibility in terms of ensuring the safety of the operation of instruments and equipment;
• unity of measurements.

In the Russian Federation there are general and special technical regulations. The requirements of the general technical regulation are mandatory for application and compliance with any type of product, production process, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal. The requirements of the special technical regulation take into account the technological and other features of certain types of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal.

Lecture 12

Based on the Russian legislation on technical regulation, the definition of a technical regulation sounds like: a special kind of document containing an exhaustive list of requirements imposed by the state on a particular type of activity. Other requirements may be introduced only by amendments and additions to this regulation, but not by documents. Thus, these are not scraps of rationing, but a holistic and systematic regulation of areas of activity, which fundamentally changes the situation.

The regulation for the type of activity is a unit of such regulation, and this is convenient for enterprises and necessary for conscientious, effective control. Ignoring this principle can lead to a situation where more than sixty thousand documents containing mandatory requirements are involved, but at the same time their full volume is unknown to either the controlled or the controlling.

Technical regulations can be adopted by: Federal law, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Ratified international treaty, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation

Its adoption according to the rules set out means that ministries and departments will no longer be able to establish mandatory requirements in this area, as stated in the Law:

"Federal executive authorities have the right to issue only recommendatory acts in the field of technical regulation, except for the cases established by Article 5 of this Federal Law (Article 5 applies to defense products)."

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation" No. 184-FZ was adopted on December 15, 2002 by the State Duma and entered into force on July 1, 2003. It replaces the Laws of the Russian Federation "On Standardization", "On Certification of Products and Services", as well as the provisions of many other legislative acts that affect legal relations in the development, approval and application of regulatory and technical documents, confirmation of compliance and supervision over their observance. Mandatory technical norms, according to the adopted Law, can only be established in accordance with "technical regulations" adopted by federal laws and international treaties, and, if necessary, by decrees of the President and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation for a certain period before the adoption of the relevant federal laws. The law provides for the release of entrepreneurs from the petty tutelage of executive authorities, a radical increase in the level of legal regulation, the debureaucratization of the economy and is aimed at eliminating unreasonable technical and administrative obstacles to the development of entrepreneurship, stopping the self-supporting activities of supervisory authorities, streamlining the procedure for developing mandatory technical standards, reducing problems in mandatory certification. This document is a comprehensive legislative act of the Russian Federation and establishes at the highest legal level based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and is of great socio-economic importance, since it is aimed at establishing the rules for state regulation of requirements for products, including consumer goods, as well as requirements for work and services in the interests of consumers. The law introduces a new system of state regulation in this area, a system of regulatory documentation, clarifies many concepts, radically changes the role and importance of standardization and standards, the operation of various institutions in this area, including the organization of state control, radically changes the procedure for establishing requirements for conducting works and services.

A technical regulation (based on Russian legislation on technical regulation) is a document that establishes mandatory requirements for products, works, services and processes. A technical regulation may be a document adopted under a special procedure and arranged in a special way. The adoption of technical regulations implies that ministries and departments cannot establish mandatory requirements in this area: "Federal executive authorities have the right to issue only recommendatory acts in the field of technical regulation, with the exception of cases established by Article 5 of this Federal Law" (Article 5 refers to defense products). As for international treaties, technical regulations cannot be adopted by an international treaty concluded at the level of ministries, departments or subjects of the federation. Such an agreement must be ratified by the Russian parliament at the federal level.

The procedure for the adoption of technical regulations by federal laws is the main one. The Russian Federation has the right to issue a resolution on technical regulations before the entry into force of the relevant federal law. At the same time, the procedure for adopting such a resolution must fully comply with the requirements of the Law "On Technical Regulation". The President of the Russian Federation has the right to issue a decree on technical regulations without adhering to the procedure provided for in the Law. However, such a decree may be issued in exceptional cases, when circumstances arise that lead to an immediate threat to the life and health of citizens, the environment, the life or health of animals and plants.

Mandatory requirements for objects of technical regulation form the basis of technical regulations. It is mandatory to specify that these should be requirements that provide:

safety of life and health of citizens;

security of property of individuals and legal entities, state and municipal property;

environmental protection; protection of life and health of animals and plants;

prevention of actions that mislead consumers. In addition, these requirements are listed in paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the Law "On Technical Regulation" in a closed list (except for everything listed below, nothing can be added to the list):

radiation safety;

biological safety;

explosion safety;

mechanical safety;

fire safety;

industrial safety;

thermal safety;

chemical safety;

electrical safety;

nuclear and radiation safety;

electromagnetic compatibility in terms of ensuring the safety of the operation of instruments and equipment;

unity of measurements"

The regulation must contain a complete list of products, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, for which its requirements are established. There is no need to make a mandatory list: requirements for products, production processes, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, rules and forms of conformity assessment, identification rules, requirements for terminology, packaging, marking or labels and rules that are not included in the technical regulations their application.

For the transitional period, the system of technical legislation also includes those requirements of previously adopted regulatory documents (GOSTs, SanPiNs, SNiPs, etc.) that remain mandatory until the adoption of the relevant technical regulations and that correspond to the objectives of technical regulation, as determined by the transitional provisions of the Law, namely, exclusively the requirements on security (art. 46). The transitional period also includes federal laws and acts of the Government in the field of technical regulation, fully or partially retaining their force in accordance with temporary exceptions or transitional provisions of the Law.

We can single out the following restrictions on the scope of technical regulation within the framework of the system of technical regulations, which seem appropriate, at least at the initial stages of preparing technical legislation:

technical regulations regulate not all types of safety, but only those related to the possibility of direct harm either by the product itself or in the process of its production;

technical regulations regulate only those types of activities, to the subjects of which the state cannot impose mandatory requirements otherwise than through technical legislation;

technical regulations regulate only the sphere of technical safety, but not safety in general;

technical regulations cover mainly the sphere of state regulation of various types of activities (restrictions on the rights of citizens); but not the scope of performance by state bodies of functions to ensure the security of citizens, national security, etc.

The basic principle of the new system of technical regulation is the limitation of mandatory requirements solely by parameters that ensure safety (but not consumer advantages, quality, etc.).

The concept of the development of standardization in the Russian Federation for the period 2012-2020.

strategic development goals of the national standardization system for the period up to 2020 are: promoting the integration of the Russian Federation into the world economy and international standardization systems as an equal partner; reducing unjustified technical barriers to trade; improving the quality of life of the country's population; establishing technical requirements for products that ensure safety and health and human performance in the process of work; ensuring the defense capability, economic, environmental, scientific, technical and technological security of the Russian Federation, as well as safety in the use of atomic energy; increasing the competitiveness of domestic products (works, services); ensuring the safety of life, health and property of people, animals, plants, environmental protection , promoting the development of life support systems for the population in emergency situations; preventing actions that mislead the consumer; improving the standardization system that meets the provisions of the World Trade Organization Agreement on technical barriers to trade and agreements within the framework of the Customs Union in the field of technical regulation; promoting the economic integration of member states of the Customs Union, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Commonwealth of Independent States; assistance in the transfer of the best laboratory practices; intensification of work in international and regional organizations for standardization expansion of the use of information technologies in the field of standardization; coordination of the development of international, regional and national standards with the participation of Russian specialists and technical committees for standardization. To increase the competitiveness of domestic products ( works, services) it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to establish (taking into account the latest achievements of science and the level of development of modern technologies) requirements for the technical level and quality of products (works, services), raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and components, as well as standards in the field of design and production, allowing to accelerate the introduction of progressive methods of production of high quality products and eliminate the irrational variety of types, brands and sizes, as well as ensure the interchangeability of elements of complex products; create conditions for the production and release into circulation of innovative products, including nanoindustry products, energy efficiency , including the use of alternative energy sources, as well as for the rational use of resources; to carry out modernization and technological re-equipment of industrial production; to promote the interpenetration of technologies, knowledge and experience accumulated in various sectors of the eco nomics; to increase the role of standardization in technological processes for the production of industrial products; to carry out voluntary confirmation of compliance to establish compliance with national standards, preliminary national standards, standards of organizations and codes of practice; to implement the application of methods and means of standardization in federal targeted and other state programs aimed at modernizing the economy countries. To improve the standardization system it is necessary to solve the following tasks: improving the organizational structure of standardization at the state and departmental levels, planning the development of national (national preliminary) standards and reducing the time for their development, including based on the need to take into account the obligations assumed by the Russian Federation when joining the World Trade Organization, as well as introduction of fundamentally new information technologies into standardization processes; the maximum possible use of international and regional standards for assessing (confirming) product compliance with established requirements . To promote the economic integration of member states The Customs Union, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Commonwealth of Independent States need to solve the following tasks: maintaining economic, trade, scientific, technical and other relations; implementing a coordinated policy to ensure the development, adoption and application of interstate standards; establishing uniform requirements for products in export markets; development of unified classifiers and cataloging of products. This Concept provides for the organizational and methodological unity of the national standardization system, taking into account the characteristics of industries and spheres of society. At the heart of the development of the national standardization system The following standardization principles will be used: voluntariness of the use by the interested person of documents in the field of standardization and the obligation of the specified person to comply with the requirements contained in these documents, in the event of an announcement of their use, as well as in the event of determining the obligation to fulfill the requirements of the standards within the framework of contractual (contractual) obligations; application in the prescribed manner in the territory Russian Federation of international and regional standards, regional codes of practice, standards of foreign states and codes of rules of foreign states; maximum consideration of the opinions of interested parties in the development of documents in the field of standardization; ensuring the continuity of work on standardization; providing conditions for the uniform application of documents in the field of standardization; reasonableness of development documents in the field of standardization; openness (transparency) of procedures for the development of documents in the field of standardization; ensuring the availability of documents in the field of standardization and information and about them for interested parties; unambiguous understanding of the requirements included in documents in the field of standardization; compliance of documents in the field of standardization with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation; progressiveness and optimality of the requirements of documents in the field of standardization; unification of the processes for developing, storing standards, as well as the processes of introducing into changes and providing access to documents in the field of standardization; ensuring the consistency and complexity of information resources in the field of standardization using information technology; ensuring the relevance and reliability of information resources in the field of standardization.

Development directions national standardization system.

1 . Development national standardization system and improvement its legal basis. Development of the national standardization system should comply with the main directions of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, the budget strategy and decisions of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation regarding the development of real sectors of the economy, as well as international norms and rules and be based on the implementation of project and process management principles, on organizational transformations that ensure the openness of the system and its effective interaction with consumers of information resources in the field of standardization. Perfection legislation in the field of standardization of the Russian Federation involves: bringing the national standardization system into line with international agreements and other regulatory documents in the field of standardization at the supranational level in order to improve and optimize the structure of the national standardization system; clarify the types of documents in the field of standardization based on the recommendations of the International Organization for Standardization; improvement of procedures for planning work on standardization, procedures for the development, approval, verification, revision, cancellation and implementation of documents in the field of standardization; simplification of procedures and reduction of the time for approval of national standards identical to international and European standards; strengthening the role of standardization at the enterprise level for technical re-equipment and modernization production, overcoming the current trend of eliminating standardization services in business entities; stimulating the participation of organizations and industry acceptances in standardization work, including on the principles of public-private partnership; expansion of the practice of using in legal acts and other documents references to documents in the field of standardization as a source that allows identifying a document (component of a document) relating to aspects of standardization, with taking into account the practice of the member states of the World Trade Organization and the main trading partners of the Russian Federation; the abolition of legal and other norms that are contrary to the Agreement of the World Trade Organization on technical barriers to trade; improving the activities of technical committees for standardization, as well as organizations performing work in the field of standardization; application of documents in the field of standardization to assess the conformity of products (works, services) supplied under the state defense order, when purchasing goods, works, services for state and municipal needs; application of the Code in good faith th practice in relation to the development, approval and application of standards (Appendix N 3 to the Agreement of the World Trade Organization on Technical Barriers to Trade); improvement of legal regulation in the field of public administration, optimization of the functions of federal executive authorities in the field of standardization (including the organization of development and updating) in specific sectors of the economy; improving the organization of placing orders for the supply of goods (works, services) for state and municipal needs in terms of the wider use of national standards as a tool for complying with technical requirements for purchased products (works, services) or its individual types; improving legal regulation corporate relations, providing for the formation of a model that stimulates the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in the creation of industries and their technological modernization. In order to concentrate efforts on the development of national standardization, an unambiguous understanding of the goals and objectives of national standards, and ensure the unity of terminology, it is necessary to exclude the use of the phrase "federal standard" in national legislation in relation to standards that are not related to the scope of technical regulation and aspects of standardization. 2. Priority development directions standardization. In order to return technological leadership, as well as to form a sustainable vector for the development of the Russian economy, work in the field of national standardization will be carried out in the following priority areas: nuclear industry; technologies for the safe management of radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel; high-tech chemistry; composite and non-metallic materials; modernization of the machine-building complex , including heavy and transport engineering; aviation and shipbuilding industry; space technologies; telecommunication and information technologies; technologies based on the use of the GLONASS satellite navigation system; medical products; medical technologies and pharmaceuticals; biotechnologies; nanotechnologies; energy efficiency; development of engineering and technology in the oil and gas and mining industries; construction; the creation of "smart" networks and digital substations in the electric power industry, aimed, among other things, at providing reliable and uninterrupted power supply, reducing costs, increasing the productivity and energy efficiency of the country's power grid complex; ensuring labor safety and maintaining health in terms of establishing technical requirements for products; developing services, including production services, for socially unprotected segments of society; increasing the stability of the operation of life support systems, including housing and communal services; ensuring safety and increasing the competitiveness of light industry products; ensuring safety and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products, including the development of organic agriculture; development of the transport industry; ensuring road safety; civil defense and technologies for protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, as well as ensuring fire safety; enterprise management , conformity assessment, consumer rights protection; environmental protection, including regulation of environmental activities, determination of levels of harmful effects on the environment and humans, environmental assessment and environmental management of business entities, methodology for assessing risks to health and the environment, as well as recycling of products and production waste.

Technical regulations: concept, goals acceptance, kinds, objects technical regulation.

Under technical regulations means a document that establishes mandatory requirements for application and fulfillment to objects of technical regulation.

Technical regulation can be adopted:

an international treaty of the Russian Federation, ratified in the manner prescribed by law;

intergovernmental agreement;

federal law;

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Technical regulations are accepted in order to:

ensuring the safety of life, health and property of citizens, property of individuals and legal entities, state or municipal property;

ensuring the protection of the environment, life or health of animals and plants;

prevention of actions that mislead purchasers.

Adoption of technical regulations for other purposes is not allowed.

Objects technical regulations are:

products;

the processes of design, (including surveys), production, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal related to product safety requirements.

The technical regulation must contain the necessary requirements for the specified objects, ensuring the fulfillment of the objectives of the technical regulation. The composition of these requirements is exhaustive, and they have direct effect on the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Requirements that are not included in the technical regulations are not mandatory for execution and application. In other words, technical regulations concentrate all the requirements that ensure security and are aimed at protecting the rights of purchasers.

Signs of classification, according to which technical regulations can be subdivided, are:

the way in which the requirements are established;

area of ​​distribution.

According to the first sign - the method of establishing requirements - technical regulations are divided into prescriptive and fundamental.

prescriptive technical regulations contain specific requirements for products. When establishing requirements in prescriptive technical regulations directly in the form of specific characteristics, a number of problems may arise: overloading with details, vulnerability in the revision of international requirements, complexity and duration of changes.

In international practice, the second method of setting requirements in technical regulations has found wide application - in the form of general requirements, expressed, among other things, by qualitative characteristics. Specific numerical characteristics are established by reference to a standard or set of rules.

Such technical regulations are called fundamental. They are the least restrictive form of trade regulation and the most effective in the formation of a single market space, as evidenced by the experience of the EU and APEC member countries.

This approach ensures the flexibility of technical regulations, on the one hand, and the possibility for the subjects of regulation to implement specific proven solutions, on the other. An example of such regulations is the European directives developed under the New and Global Approaches. The main advantage of fundamental technical regulations is the possibility of adopting different technical solutions, provided that the results of conformity assessment are equivalent, thus providing flexibility for manufacturers to demonstrate the conformity of the results achieved and to introduce new technologies.

According to the second classification feature, i.e. depending on the area of ​​distribution, technical regulations can conditionally be subdivided into:

general (horizontal);

special (vertical);

macro-industry/

General (horizontal) technical regulations are developed for wide product groups on issues of ensuring one or more types of safety. Sometimes, bearing in mind that general technical regulations cover wide product groups, they are called horizontal.

General technical regulations are adopted, in particular, on issues of fire, biological, environmental, nuclear and radiation safety, electromagnetic compatibility, etc.

Special (vertical) technical regulations are developed for certain types of products for which there are specific types of risk of causing harm that exceeds the degree of risk taken into account by the general technical regulation.

In addition, in the practice of technical regulation, macro-industry technical regulations are singled out, which link general technical regulations and special ones.

Essence standardization: concept, goals, principles, functions, meaning in commercial activities.

The essence of standardization consists in drawing up and approving both recommended and mandatory norms and characteristics for repeated use, aimed at ensuring the proper quality of goods and services, increasing their competitiveness in the areas of product circulation, as well as ensuring labor safety. Standardization establishes the optimal degree of order in certain areas of production and circulation of products with the help of approved norms and regulations. As a result of standardization, the product should correspond to its intended purpose as much as possible, the mechanism of commodity exchange in the world market should be simplified (because national standards must comply with International ones); standardization also contributes to scientific and technological progress. Main tasks standardization are:

1) ensuring the compliance of goods and services with the norms and rules of safety for the life and health of the consumer, the property of individuals, legal entities, state property, ecology, the environment, in particular, the safety of animals and plants;

2) ensuring the safety of facilities for which there is a possibility of various types of emergencies;

3) promotion of scientific and technological progress;

4) ensuring the competitiveness of products and services;

5) economical use of all types of resources;

6) compatibility and interchangeability of products;

7) unified measurement system.

The result of standardization is, first of all, a normative document.

Regulatory document- a document that approves general norms, rules and characteristics for products, works or services.

Standard- a regulatory document approved by the relevant body, which approves the general principles, norms and characteristics for products, works or services, and these rules are established for voluntary multiple use.

Specifications- a document that approves the basic technical requirements for products, works and services. In form, specifications can be a standard, or part of it, or even a separate document.

area of ​​standardization called a system of interconnected objects of standardization.

Standards body- a body recognized as authorized to develop and approve standards at the regional or international level.

In practice, there are 4 main stage standardization.

1. Selection of products, works or services for which standardization will be carried out.

2. Creation of a model for standardized products, works or services.

3. Approval of the optimal quality of the created model

4. Approval of standards for the created model, standardization.

basic principles of standardization.

1. The principle of voluntary standards is implemented in the process of making a decision on the application of the standard. If it was decided to apply any standard, then the economic entity is obliged to carry out its activities in such a way that it fully complies with the adopted standard.

2. When developing and approving standards, the legitimate interests of interested parties must be taken into account.

3. National standards should be based on International standards. This principle may not be fulfilled if the application of International Standards as the basis of national standards is recognized as impossible.

4. Standardization should not interfere with the normal circulation of goods more than is necessary for its implementation.

5. All elements of a standardized system must be compatible.

6. All adopted standards should be as dynamic as possible, that is, they should adapt in a timely manner to the achievements of scientific and technological progress.

7. Standardization must be effective, i.e., standardization must have either an economic or a social effect.

8. Standards should not contradict each other or technical regulations, should not create barriers in international trade.

9. All standards must be clearly articulated and must not be open to ambiguity.

10. Standards for finished products should be directly related to the standards of the constituent parts or raw materials from which this product was made.

11. Standardization should be carried out in such a way that the implementation of the established standards can be objectively verified in the future.

Standardization functions 1) Economic. It consists in improving the technological processes of labor and production (modern equipment and materials are used, the subject and means of labor are improved, the optimal variety of the product range is determined, etc.). All this is the driving force behind scientific and technological progress. The economic function of standardization is carried out through the introduction of new norms and requirements, i.e. with the help of regulatory documents, as well as with the help of state bodies of control and supervision. 2 Informational It manifests itself through the creation of regulatory documents, product catalogs, standards of measures, product samples, which are carriers of valuable information for the consumer. 3 Social It lies in the fact that by means of standards implemented in production, such indicators of product and service quality are achieved that contribute to health care, environmental protection, and protection of people's property. four Communicative It manifests itself through the achievement of mutual understanding in society in the exchange of information. This is served by standardized terms, symbols, interpretations of concepts, as well as a single rule for the design of business, design and technological documentation.

Standardization mechanism.

Standardization is carried out on different levels. The level of standardization differs depending on the participants of which geographical, economic, political region of the world accept the standard. In total, there are four main levels: international, regional, national level of the enterprise (firm). International standardization is an international standardization activity, participation in which is open to the relevant bodies of all countries of the world community. It is carried out within the framework of not only organizations such as ISO and IEC, but also many others (non-governmental and intergovernmental), for example: the World Health Organization (WHO) at the UN, etc. Regional standardization is an activity open only to the relevant authorities of the states of one geographical, political or economic region of the world, for example, member countries of the CIS, EEC, etc. Regional standards organizations are such as the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC, etc. National standardization - standardization in one particular state. In some countries of the world, national standardization is carried out by government authorities (for example, in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Japan, China, North Korea, the Republic of Cuba), in others - by non-governmental organizations (in Germany, Great Britain, Finland). At the same time, national standardization can also be carried out at different levels: at the state, industry level, in a particular sector of the economy (for example, at the level of ministries), at the level of associations, manufacturing firms, enterprises (factories, plants) and institutions. Standardization, which is carried out in an administrative-territorial unit (province, territory, etc.), is usually called administrative-territorial standardization.

Enterprise (firm) level – standardization within a single enterprise(or in some cases a group of enterprises). The developed standards determine the policy of the enterprise in the field of procurement, production, marketing and other operations. Objects, aspects and levels of standardization form the so-called the scope of standardization.

Consider the general mechanism standardization. Stage 1– selection of objects of standardization. Suppose an organization has a certain set of types of documentation used - orders, memos. Some of them are compiled regularly, others - on a one-time basis. Some apply to a large number of employees, the second - only to a narrow group. It would be advisable to standardize repetitive objects that apply to a large number of people, in our case, documents that are compiled systematically and apply to a large number of employees. . Stage 2– modeling of the object of standardization. At this stage, an abstract model of the object is compiled, i.e. description of the main features, properties of the object. In our example, the following essential features of the object can be distinguished: the composition of the details; registration of details; requirements for document circulation (registration, storage, access). Stage 3– model optimization. Model optimization consists in determining the values ​​of the features identified at the previous stage. For example, in different organizations or even subdivisions of the same organization, the variants of execution of the same document may be different (different forms, different design). The main task of this stage is to develop an optimal document, choosing the best option (the best option for the composition of details, design). The solution to this problem is achieved by using a variety of standardization methods. . Stage 4– standardization of the model. At the final stage, the solution found is consolidated - the development of a regulatory document that fixes the developed requirements for the object of standardization.

6.International Organization for Standardization (ISO): purpose,tasks, structure, main directions of work.

ISO standards are the most widely used throughout the world, there are more than 15 thousand of them, and 500-600 standards are reviewed and adopted annually. ISO standards are a carefully developed version of the technical requirements for products (services), which greatly facilitates the exchange of goods, services and ideas between all countries of the world. ISO International Standards do not have the status of mandatory for all participating countries. Any country in the world has the right to apply or not apply them. The decision on the application of the ISO international standard is mainly related to the degree of participation of the country in the international division of labor and the state of its foreign trade. About half of the international ISO standards have found application in the Russian standardization system. International standardization - standardization, participation in which is open to the relevant bodies of all countries. The International Organization for Standardization was established in 1946 by twenty-five national standards organizations. When creating the organization and choosing its name, the need for the abbreviation of the name to sound the same in all languages ​​was taken into account. For this, it was decided to use the Greek word isos - equal, which is why in all languages ​​​​of the world the International Organization for Standardization has the short name ISO (ISO). The scope of ISO concerns standardization in all areas except electrical engineering and electronics, which are the responsibility of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Some types of work are carried out jointly by these organizations. In addition to standardization, ISO deals with certification issues. ISO defines its tasks as follows: to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world in order to ensure the international exchange of goods and services, as well as the development of cooperation in the intellectual, scientific, technical and economic fields. To date, ISO is composed of 120 countries with their national standards organizations. Russia is represented by Gosstandart of the Russian Federation as ISO member committees. In total, ISO has more than 80 member committees. National organizations are the conductors of all the achievements of ISO in their countries, as well as spokesmen for the national point of view in the relevant technical committees of the organization. Regional standardization - standardization, participation in which is open to the relevant authorities of countries of only one geographical or economic region of the world. International Standards are widely applied at the regional and national level, used by manufacturers, traders, insurance companies, buyers and consumers, testing laboratories, certification bodies and other interested parties2. Since international standards usually reflect the best practices of industry, research results, consumer and government requirements, and represent rules, general principles or characteristics for most countries, they are one of the important conditions for ensuring the elimination of technical barriers to trade. Compliance of state standards with international, European standards and national standards of industrialized countries will ensure the interchangeability of products, processes and services, mutual understanding of test results or information provided in accordance with these standards. The international standardization system includes a large number of organizations, different in purpose, principles of functioning, fields of activity. For the purposes of analyzing this system, we introduce the following classification of its constituent organizations3: Official international organizations for standardization. Regional organizations for standardization. National standards organizations. Industrial consortiums and professional organizations. Organizationally, ISO includes governing and working bodies. Governing bodies: General Assembly (supreme body), Council, Technical Leading Bureau. Working bodies - technical Committees (TC), subcommittees, technical advisory groups (TCG). The General Assembly is the assembly of officers and delegates appointed by the member committees. Each member body is entitled to present a maximum of three delegates, but they may be accompanied by observers. Corresponding members and subscriber members participate as observers. The Council directs the work of ISO between sessions of the General Assembly. The Council has the right, without convening a General Assembly, to send questions to the member committees for consultation or to entrust the member committees with their decision. At meetings of the Council, decisions are made by a majority vote of the committee members of the Council present at the meeting. Between meetings and if necessary, the Council may take decisions by correspondence. Seven committees report to the ISO Council: PLACO (technical bureau), STACO (committee for the study of the scientific principles of standardization); CASCO (conformity assessment committee); INFCO (committee on scientific and technical information); DEVCO (Committee for Assistance to Developing Countries); COPOLCO (consumer protection committee); REMCO (Reference Materials Committee). PLACO prepares proposals for planning the work of the ISO, for organizing and coordinating the technical aspects of the work. The scope of work of PLACO includes consideration of proposals for the creation and dissolution of technical committees, determining the area of ​​standardization that the committees should deal with. STACO is obliged to provide methodological and informational assistance to the ISO Council on the principles and methods of developing international standards. The Committee is studying the fundamental principles of standardization and preparing recommendations for achieving optimal results in this area. STACO is also responsible for the terminology and organization of seminars on the application of international standards for trade development. CASCO deals with the issues of confirming the conformity of products, services, processes and quality systems with the requirements of standards, studying the practice of this activity and analyzing information. The Committee develops guidelines for testing and conformity assessment (certification) of products, services, quality systems, confirmation of the competence of testing laboratories and certification bodies. An important area of ​​work of CASCO is the promotion of mutual recognition and adoption of national and regional certification systems, as well as the use of international standards in the field of testing and conformity assessment. CASCO, together with IEC, has prepared a number of guidelines on various aspects of certification, which are widely used in ISO and IEC member countries: the principles set forth in these documents are taken into account in national certification systems, and also serve as the basis for agreements on conformity assessment of mutually supplied products in trade - economic relations of countries of different regions. CASCO also deals with the creation of general requirements for auditors for the accreditation of testing laboratories and the assessment of the quality of work of accrediting bodies; mutual recognition of certificates of conformity of products and quality systems, etc. DEVKO studies the requests of developing countries in the field of standardization and develops recommendations to assist these countries in this area. The main functions of DEVCO are: organization of discussion on a wide scale of all aspects of standardization in developing countries, creation of conditions for the exchange of experience with developed countries; training of specialists in standardization on the basis of various training centers in developed countries; facilitating study tours for experts from standardization organizations in developing countries; preparation of training manuals on standardization for developing countries; stimulating the development of bilateral cooperation between industrialized and developing states in the field of standardization and metrology. In these areas, DEVCO cooperates with the UN. One of the results of joint efforts was the creation and operation of international training centers. COPOLCO is exploring consumer interests and ways to promote this through standardization; summarizes the experience of consumer participation in the creation of standards and draws up programs to educate consumers in the field of standardization and bring them the necessary information about international standards. This is facilitated by the periodic publication of the List of International and National Standards, as well as useful guides for consumers: "Comparative tests of consumer products", "Information on products for consumers", "Development of standard methods for measuring the performance of consumer products", etc. COPOLCO participated in the development of the guide ISO/IEC for the preparation of safety standards. REMCO provides methodological assistance to ISO by developing appropriate guidelines on issues related to reference materials (standards). Thus, a reference book on reference materials and several manuals have been prepared: Reference to reference materials in international standards, Certification of reference materials. General and statistical principles, etc. In addition, REMCO is the coordinator of ISO activities on reference materials with international metrological organizations, in particular, with OIML - the International Organization of Legal Metrology. ISO defined its objectives by highlighting the most relevant strategic areas of work4: establishing closer links between the organization's activities and the market, which should primarily be reflected in the selection of priority developments; reduction of general and time costs as a result of an increase in the efficiency of the administrative apparatus, better use of human resources, optimization of the work process, development of information technologies and telecommunications; providing effective assistance to the World Trade Organization through the implementation of a program focused on the gradual processing of technical conditions for the supply of goods into ISO standards; stimulation of "self-supporting" elements of the above program: encouragement of the creation of new standards for industry, development of relations with the WTO on the terms of providing the necessary technical assistance. In particular, it is supposed to contribute in every possible way to the inclusion of requirements for the supplied products by the states in the international ISO standards, which should positively affect the recognition of conformity assessment; concern for improving the quality of national standardization activities in developing countries, where the main attention is paid to leveling the levels of standardization. Regional organizations for standardization 1) CEN (the European Committee for Standardization - www.cenorm.be) CEN - European Committee for Standardization. It was formed in 1971 by sixteen national organizations of Europe with the aim of promoting free trade in goods and services in Europe based on the use of standards. This organization has a wide field of activity on the standardization of various types of goods, technologies and services. In essence, it is the European prototype of ISO. ETSI operates in close collaboration with CEN and CENELEC. In order to maximize the coordination of efforts in the standardization of IT and communication systems, these three standards organizations formed the Information and Communication Technologies Standardization Board (ICTSB), through which joint projects are carried out to develop the most relevant standards. 2) CENELEC (the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization - www.cenelec.be) CENELEC is the European committee for standardization in the electrical and electronic industry. It was formed in 1973. In essence, it is a European prototype of IEC at the regional level. The organizing committee of CENELEC is in many ways similar to the CEN organization discussed above. The main task of CENELEC is also similar to CEN - to contribute to the reduction of trade barriers in the European market for products of these types of industries. The European Standards and Harmonization Documents published by CENELEC are adopted by European countries as national standards and regulatory documents. CENELEC works closely with CEN and shares with it a significant contribution to the creation of the European single market. 3) ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute - www.etsi.org) ETSI is the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, founded in 1988. The main task of this organization is to develop standards in the field of network infrastructure. ETSI works in the following main areas: cable networks (X.25, ISDN, SDN, ATM, etc.); wireless and mobile networks (GSM, TETRA, HIPERLAN, radio and television satellite networks); applied telecommunication services of the Global Information Infrastructure; network architecture and network management; cross-industry solutions including electromagnetic compatibility, terminal equipment, ergonomics and human factors.

International organizations for standardization: IEC. Goals, objectives, organizational structure and areas of work.

The International Electrotechnical Commission was established in 1906 at an international conference attended by 13 countries most interested in such an organization. The date of the beginning of international cooperation in electrical engineering is considered to be 1881, when the first International Congress on Electricity took place. Later, in 1904, government delegates to the congress decided that a special organization was needed to standardize the parameters of electrical machines and terminology in this area.

After the Second World War, when ISO was created, the IEC became an autonomous organization within it. But organizational, financial issues and objects of standardization were clearly separated. IEC is engaged in standardization in the field of electrical engineering, electronics, radio communications, and instrumentation. These areas are outside the scope of ISO.

Most of the IEC member countries are represented in it by their national standardization organizations (Russia is represented by the State Standard of the Russian Federation), in some countries special committees for participation in the IEC have been created that are not part of the structure of national standardization organizations (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, etc.). ).

The representation of each country in the IEC takes the form of a national committee. IEC members are more than 40 national committees, representing 80% of the world's population, which consume more than 95% of the electricity produced in the world. IEC official languages ​​are English, French and Russian.

The main goal of the organization, which is defined by its Charter, is to promote international cooperation in standardization and related problems in the field of electrical and radio engineering by developing international standards and other documents.

The National Committees of all countries form the Council, the highest governing body of the IEC. The annual meetings of the Council, which are held alternately in different member countries of the IEC, are devoted to solving the whole range of issues related to the activities of the organization. Decisions are made by a simple majority of votes, and the president has the right to vote, which he exercises in the event of an equal distribution of votes.

The main coordinating body of the IEC is the Action Committee. In addition to its main task - coordinating the work of technical committees - the Action Committee identifies the need for new areas of work, develops methodological documents that ensure technical work, participates in resolving issues of cooperation with other organizations, and performs all the tasks of the Council.

Advisory groups operate under the authority of the Action Committee, which the Committee has the right to create if there is a need for coordination on specific problems of the activities of the TC. Thus, two advisory groups have divided the development of safety standards among themselves: the Advisory Committee on. on electrical safety (AKOS) coordinates the actions of about 20 TCs and PCs on electrical household appliances, radio-electronic equipment, high-voltage equipment, etc., and the Advisory Committee on Electronics and Communications (ACET) deals with other standardization objects. In addition, the Action Committee considered it expedient to organize the Coordinating Group for Electromagnetic Compatibility (CGEMS), the Coordinating Group for Information Technology (CGIT) and the Working Group on Coordination of Dimensions (Fig. 11.2) to more effectively coordinate the work on the creation of international standards.

The structure of IEC technical bodies that directly develop international standards is similar to ISO: these are technical committees (TC), subcommittees (SC) and working groups (WG). 15-25 countries participate in the work of each TC. France, the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and the Netherlands lead the largest number of TC and PC secretariats. Russia maintains six secretariats.

IEC International Standards can be divided into two types: general technical, which are interdisciplinary in nature, and standards containing technical requirements for specific products. The first type includes regulatory documents on terminology, standard voltages and frequencies, various types of tests, etc. The second type of standards covers a huge range from household electrical appliances to communication satellites. Every year more than 500 new topics on international standardization are included in the IEC program.

The main objects of IEC standardization:

Materials for the electrical industry (liquid, solid, gaseous dielectrics, copper, aluminum, their alloys, magnetic materials);

Electrical equipment for industrial purposes (welding machines, motors, lighting equipment, relays, low-voltage devices, cables, etc.);

Electric power equipment (steam and hydraulic turbines, power lines, generators, transformers);

Electronic industry products (integrated circuits, microprocessors, printed circuit boards, etc.);

Electronic equipment for household and industrial purposes;

power tools;

Equipment for communication satellites;

Terminology.

IEC has adopted over 2,000 international standards. In terms of content, they differ from ISO standards in greater specificity: they set out the technical requirements for products and methods of testing them, as well as safety requirements, which is relevant not only for IEC standardization objects, but also for the most important aspect of conformity assessment - certification for compliance with the requirements of standards on security. To ensure this area is of current importance in international trade, the IEC develops specific international standards for the safety of specific products. In view of the foregoing, as practice shows, IEC International Standards are more suitable for direct application in member countries than ISO standards.

Attaching great importance to the development of international safety standards, ISO, together with IEC, adopted ISO/IEC Guide 51 "General requirements for the presentation of safety issues in the preparation of standards". It notes that safety is such an object of standardization, which manifests itself in the development of standards in many different forms, at different levels, in all areas of technology and for the vast majority of products. The essence of the concept of "safety" is interpreted as providing a balance between the prevention of the danger of causing physical harm and other requirements that the product must satisfy. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that absolute safety practically does not exist, therefore, even being at the highest level of safety, products can only be relatively safe.

In the manufacture of products, safety decisions are usually based on risk calculations and safety assessments. Risk assessment (or establishing the likelihood of harm) is based on accumulated empirical data and scientific research. The assessment of the degree of safety is associated with a probable level of risk, and safety standards are almost always set at the state level (in the EU - through Directives and technical regulations; in the Russian Federation - so far by the mandatory requirements of state standards). Usually, the safety standards themselves are influenced by the level of socio-economic development and education of society. The risks depend on the quality of the project and the production process, and, to no lesser extent, on the conditions of use (consumption) of the product.

Based on this concept of safety, ISO and IEC believe that safety will be facilitated by the application of international standards that specify safety requirements. This may be a standard that is exclusively related to the field of safety or contains safety requirements along with other technical requirements. When preparing safety standards, both the characteristics of the standardization object that can have a negative impact on humans and the environment are identified, as well as methods for establishing safety for each product characteristic. But the main goal of standardization in the field of security is to find protection against various types of dangers. The scope of the IEC includes: injury hazard, electric shock hazard, technical hazard, fire hazard, explosion hazard, chemical hazard, biological hazard, equipment radiation hazard (sound, infrared, radio frequency, ultraviolet, ionizing, radiation, etc.).

The procedure for developing an IEC standard is similar to that used by ISO. On average, they work on a standard for 3-4 years, and often it lags behind the pace of product innovation and the emergence of new products on the market. In order to reduce the time, the IEC practices the publication of a Technical Orienting Document (TOD) adopted under the short procedure, containing only the idea of ​​​​a future standard. It is valid for no more than three years and is canceled after the publication of the standard created on its basis.

An accelerated development procedure is also applied, relating, in particular, to shortening the voting cycle, and, more effectively, expanding the re-issuance of normative documents adopted by other international organizations or national standards of member countries into IEC international standards. Technical means also contribute to the acceleration of work on the creation of a standard: an automated system for monitoring the progress of work, the Teletext information system, organized on the basis of the Central Bureau. More than 10 National Committees have become users of this system.

As part of the IEC, the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) has a somewhat special status, which standardizes methods for measuring radio interference emitted by electronic and electrical devices. Permissible levels of such interference are subject to direct technical legislation in almost all developed countries. Certification of such devices is carried out for compliance with CISPR standards.

Not only national committees, but also international organizations participate in CISPR: the European Broadcasting Union, the International Radio and Television Organization, the International Union of Producers and Distributors of Electrical Energy, the International Conference on Large Electrical Systems, the International Union of Railways, the International Union of Public Transport, the International Union on electrothermy. The International Committee on Radiocommunication and the International Civil Aviation Organization participate as observers in the work of the committee. CISPR develops both regulatory and informational international documents:

international standards of technical requirements that regulate the methods for measuring radio interference and contain recommendations for the use of measuring equipment;

reports presenting the results of scientific research on CISPR problems.

International standards have the greatest practical application, which establish technical requirements and limit levels of radio interference for various sources: motor vehicles, pleasure craft, internal combustion engines, fluorescent lamps, televisions, etc.

The IEC cooperates with ISO, jointly developing ISO/IEC Guides and ISO/IEC Directives on topical issues of standardization, certification, accreditation of testing laboratories and methodological aspects. The ISO/IEC Joint Programming Committee deals with the allocation of responsibility between the two organizations on issues related to related fields of technology, and also plans work.

The former Soviet Union participated in the work of the IEC since 1921, resuming its participation interrupted by the war in 1946. Russia, represented in the IEC by the State Standard of the Russian Federation, became its successor. The procedure for participation, goals and objectives are determined by the governing documents of the State Standard, taking into account the relevant provisions of the Laws "On Standardization" and "On Certification of Products and Services". These documents are the same for work in ISO and IEC. The Russian side takes part in more than 190 technical committees and subcommittees. More than half of the international standards adopted by the IEC in the field of electronics and electrical engineering have been implemented in Russia.

Regional standards organizations(SEN and others): Goals, objectives, organizational structure and areas of work.

Regional standards organizations are represented by: Pan-European Organization for Standardization - Pan-European Quality Council (CEN), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Inter-Scandinavian Standards Organization (INSTA), International Association countries of Southeast Asia (ASEAN), Pan American Standards Committee (COPANT).

Pan European Organization for Standardization - Pan European Quality Council (CEN). The main goal of the SEN is to promote the development of trade in goods and services by developing European standards (Euronorms, EN), which could be referred to in their EU directives. EFTA and other intergovernmental organizations; by ensuring uniform application in member countries of international ISO and IEC standards; cooperation with all organizations in the region involved in standardization; provision of certification services for compliance with European standards (European norms).

CEN develops European standards in such areas as aviation equipment, gas water heaters, gas cylinders, lifting equipment components, gas stoves, welding and cutting, pipelines and pipes, pumping stations, etc.

One of the principles of work of SEN is the obligatory use of international ISO standards as a basis for the development of euronorms or to complement the results achieved in ISO. The choice of a priority direction should be justified by economic necessity, dictated by the degree of influence of the future standard on the development of mutually beneficial relations, the impossibility of applying an international or other standard for this purpose, the proposal of the SEN member countries or the recommendations of the EU and EFTA bodies.

The supreme body of SEN is the General Assembly, in which national standardization organizations and government bodies of member countries are represented. EU and EFTA, as well as associated organizations.

The General Assembly elects an Administrative Council with the following functions:

Establishing rules and methods for applying the national standards of the participating countries and international standards in the development of European standards;

Determination of the possibility of direct use of a national or international normative document as a European standard and control over its observance; - coordination of work on national standardization within the region.

The policy in the field of standardization is determined by the board of directors - representatives of national organizations and approved by the General Assembly.

The technical work on standardization is carried out by technical committees coordinated by the Technical Bureau. Technical committees work in the following areas:

Construction and civil engineering, mechanical engineering;

healthcare;

Health and safety in the workplace;

Heating, cooling and ventilation;

Transport and packaging;

Information technology.

The task of program committees (program committees) is to accelerate the development of European standards by reviewing existing international or progressive national standards and collecting such information that can be quickly and efficiently used in SEN.

Program committees draw up a standardization program, adopt ISO and IEC standards as European standards or documents for harmonization; developing European standards or awaiting results in ISO and IEC. Constant communication is maintained with these organizations, and, by adopting a European standard, the committee reports the results of its work to ISO or IEC.

The technical committees also rely on international standards in their work, maintain contacts with regional organizations, take into account the results of the activities of other technical committees that deal with related problems. Once the task assigned to the committee has been completed, it can either be disbanded by the Technical Bureau or remain formally responsible for revising the standard.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (SENELEC) was established in 1971 by the union of two European organizations - the European Committee for the Coordination of Electrotechnical Standards of the EFTA member countries and the European Committee for the Coordination of Electrotechnical Standards of the EU member countries (at that time the EEC).

Members of SENELEC - 17 countries of Europe: Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany. Greece, Denmark. Ireland, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Finland, France. Germany, Switzerland, Sweden. All of them are represented by national electrotechnical committees and are members of the IEC (except Luxembourg).

The organization is led by a General Assembly, in which member countries represent national standardization organizations and government bodies, as well as representatives of the EU and EFTA. The General Assembly elects the Administrative Council, consisting of delegations (up to 5 people) from the national organizations of the member countries. The structures responsible for standardization are similar to those described for CEN. SENELEC works closely with them.

The main goal of CENELEC is to develop standards for electrical products in close cooperation with the EU and EFTA. The CENELEC standards are seen as a necessary tool for the creation of a single European market.

The essence of the main direction of CENELEC's work is the elimination of any technical differences between the national standards of the member countries, between the procedures for certifying the conformity of products to the requirements of the standards, and thereby preventing the emergence of technical barriers to trade in goods of the electrical industries.

When planning work on standardization in the field of new technologies, the requirements of the EU and EFTA are taken into account, specialists from CEL and other organizations are involved. Thus, if questions relating to informatics are resolved, the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Governing Bodies is invited to participate. The main objects of standardization in SENELEC:

Industrial and household equipment with rated voltage from 50 to 1000 Volts AC and 75-1500 Volts DC;

Medical electrical equipment;

Electromagnetic compatibility, including radio interference;

Equipment for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere (explosion-proof equipment);

Metrological support of measuring instruments, including electronic ones.

Interstate standardization: Interstate advice,goals, objectives, functions, the main areas of work.

Definitions

3.1 interstate standard (GOST): A standard adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (hereinafter referred to as the Interstate Council) or the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (hereinafter referred to as MNTKS).

3.2 Interstate standardization: Standardization of objects of interstate interest.

Note - Interstate standardization is open to other states that recognize its principles and accede to the Agreement.

4 Goals of interstate standardization

4.1 The main goals of interstate standardization are:

Protecting the interests of consumers and each state party to the Agreement in matters of the quality of products, services and processes (hereinafter referred to as products) that ensure safety for life, health and property of the population, environmental protection;

Ensuring compatibility and interchangeability of products and other requirements of interstate interest;

Assistance in saving all types of resources and improving the economic performance of the production of the states - parties to the Agreement;

Elimination of technical barriers in production and trade, assistance in increasing the competitiveness of products of the member states of the Agreement in the world commodity markets and the effective participation of states in the interstate and international division of labor;

Assistance in improving the safety of economic facilities of the member states of the Agreement in the event of natural and man-made disasters, as well as other emergencies.

5 Basic principles of interstate standardization

5.1 Mutual desire of all interested states - participants of the Agreement to reach an agreement on ensuring the quality of mutually supplied products.

5.2 The expediency of developing an interstate standard, taking into account its social, economic, technical necessity and acceptability for application by the states parties to the Agreement.

5.3 Ensuring harmonization of interstate standards with international and regional standards.

5.4 Suitability of interstate standards for certification of products and services.

5.5 Complexity of standardization of interrelated objects by harmonizing the requirements for these objects and linking the timing of the introduction of normative documents on standardization.

5.6 Ensuring compliance of interstate standards with modern achievements of science, technology and best practices.

6 Main areas of work on interstate standardization

6.1 The adoption of priority areas and forms of interstate cooperation in the implementation of an agreed policy in the field of standardization is carried out by the Interstate Council, and in the field of construction - by the MNTKS.

6.2 The main directions of the coordinated interstate policy in the field of standardization are:

- adoption of general rules for carrying out work on interstate standardization;

Establishment of unified (agreed, harmonized) requirements for products that ensure their safety for life, health and property of the population, environmental protection, compatibility and interchangeability, as well as unified methods of control (testing);

- standardization of general technical requirements of interstate interest;

- organizing the maintenance of classifiers of technical and economic information, coding systems and their development;

Formation, storage and maintenance of a fund of interstate standards, as well as international, regional and national standards of other countries in the presence of relevant agreements and arrangements, provision of the States Parties to the Agreement with these standards, maintenance and storage of existing industry standards for the most important product groups of interstate interest;

Publication and distribution of interstate standards and other interstate documents on standardization;

- coordination of programs for training and advanced training of personnel in the field of standardization;

- scientific and technical cooperation in the work on international standardization.

6.3 Decisions on issues of interstate standardization adopted by the Interstate Council are implemented by the national standardization bodies of the states - participants of the Agreement with the relevant organizational and administrative documents.

page 1

page 2

page 3

page 4

page 5

page 6

page 7

page 8

page 9

page 10

page 11

page 12

page 13

page 14

page 15

page 16

page 17

page 18

page 19

page 20

page 21

page 22

page 23

page 24

page 25

page 26

page 27

page 28

page 29

page 30

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

Interstate standardization system INTERSTATE STANDARDS

Development rules based on international and regional standards

(ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2005, NEQ)

(ISO/IEC Guide 21-2:2005, NEQ)

Official edition

Standartinform

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established in GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2009 “Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation "

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Standardization and Certification in Mechanical Engineering" (VNIINMASH) based on the official translation into Russian of the English versions of the international documents specified in paragraph 4, which was carried out by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Scientific and Technical Information Center on standardization, metrology and conformity assessment” (FSUE “Standartinform”)

2 INTRODUCED by the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 536 "Methodology of Interstate Standardization"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of December 5, 2014 No. 46)

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 Country code according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 Abbreviated name of the national standards body Azerbaijan Azstandard Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia Belarus State Standard of the Republic of Belarus Kazakhstan State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstandart Moldova-Standard Rosstandart Tajikistan Tajikstandart Uzbekistan Uzstandard Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine

4 This standard takes into account the main regulatory provisions of the following international documents:

ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2005 “Adoption of international standards and other international documents at the regional or national level. Part 1. Adoption of International Standards” (“Regional or national adoption of International Standards and other International Deliverables - Part 1: Adoption of International Standards”, NEQ);

ISO/IEC Guide 21-2:2005 “Adoption of international standards and other international documents at the regional or national level. Part 2. Adoption of international documents other than international standards” (“Regional or national adoption of International Standards and other International Deliverables - Part 2: Adoption of International Deliverables other than International Standards”, NEQ)

6 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 5, 2014 No. 1947-st, the interstate standard GOST 1.3-2014 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2015.

6 Rules for the design and designation of interstate standards identical to international standards

6.1 Registration of an interstate standard identical to the international standard (hereinafter referred to as the identical standard) is carried out by using the Russian version of this international standard or its translation into Russian without changing the structure and technical content.

6.2 Registration of an interstate standard identical to the international standard - in accordance with the requirements of GOST 1.5 and this standard. In an identical standard, the title page, preface, first page, sections "Terms and definitions" and "Designations and abbreviations", bibliographic data are subject to mandatory re-registration with respect to the applied international standard to bring them into line with the rules established in GOST 1.5. When drawing up a draft of an identical standard and preparing for the publication of an adopted interstate standard, the relevant requirements established by GOST 1.5 (section 6) are applied. In this case, the designation of an identical standard is formed in accordance with 6.13. When drafting this standard, on its title page and in the footer on each subsequent page indicate the GOST index, the designations of the applicable international standard without indicating the year of its adoption, and information about the project in accordance with GOST 1.5 (clause 6.2.3).

6.2.1 When drawing up an identical standard, it is allowed to change the style of presentation of individual statements (without changing the technical content and meaning) in relation to the translation into Russian (Russian version) of the applicable international standard and make the following editorial changes:

Change the name of the standard in order to comply with the rules established in GOST 1.5 (subsection 3.6), and / or link with the names adopted in the existing complex (system or group) of interstate standards;

Delete the word "international" in the phrase "this international standard";

Change individual phrases and / or replace terms with their synonyms in order to comply with the norms of the Russian language and the terminology accepted at the interstate level;

Include additional elements of a reference or advisory nature that do not affect the technical content of the standard and do not change its structure (in the form of notes and / or footnotes);

Correct any typographical errors and omissions (including spelling errors);

Replace dot with comma in decimal fractions;

Change page numbering;

Delete the text in French and/or English from the multilingual version of the International Standard, leaving the text in Russian only;

Include recalculated values ​​of units of quantities if they differ in the international standard from those established in interstate standards;

Change the wording of headings and/or subheadings of columns (columns) and/or rows in tables (if this does not lead to a technical deviation);

Exclude from the element "Contents" the enumeration of graphic materials and / or tables.

6.2.2 When drawing up an identical standard, it is allowed to change the typeface and font size, remove line spacing, introduce paragraph indents and make other changes to the layout of the standard, if necessary to comply with the requirements established by GOST 1.5 (section 6), Russian language norms or editorial rules .

6.2.3 In an identical standard, it is not allowed:

Change the structure of the applicable International Standard, including changing paragraph breaks and concatenating listings;

Replace the letters of the Latin alphabet in the designations of applications and enumerations with the letters of the Russian alphabet;

Change the numbering and structure of tables, as well as the numbering and content of graphic material, with the exception of using additional explanatory data and recording headings and subheadings of columns (columns) and lines (if this does not lead to a technical deviation);

GOST 1.3-2014

Eliminate italic, underlined, or otherwise emphasizing if such emphasis is specifically provided for in the applicable International Standard.

6.2.4 If, after the adoption of the applicable international standard, the relevant international standardization organization has separately published changes and / or technical amendments to this standard, then these changes (amendments) are included directly in the text of the identical standard, highlighting them with a double vertical line located in the margins, respectively, on the left (even pages) and to the right (odd pages) of the corresponding text. Explanatory information about this is given in the preface of this identical standard, together with other information about the applicable standard (see 6.4.2), as well as in the text of the main part of the standard or annex (in brackets after the relevant text or in a note to this text).

6.2.5 With a significant amount of change, it is allowed not to highlight it in the text with a double vertical line, but instead provide detailed information on taking into account this change in the text of the standard in the form of an additional reference appendix.

6.3 On the title page of an identical standard, after its name, the designation of the applicable international standard (in English) and the symbol for the degree of compliance with it - “(YuT)” are given in brackets.

If the name of an interstate standard differs from the name of an international standard as a result of applying the rule specified in 6.6, then after the designation of this international standard, its name in English is given.

6.4 The preface of an identical standard is set out in accordance with the requirements given in GOST 1.5 (subsection 3.3). At the same time, in paragraph 1, instead of information about the developer of the standard, information is given (after the word "PREPARED", used instead of the word "DEVELOPED"), information about the organization that issued this identical standard, and information about the translation into Russian of the applicable international standard.

6.4.1 Information about the organization that carried out the translation is given after the words: “based on the official translation into Russian of the English (French) version of the standard specified in paragraph 4, which was completed ...” or by using the words: “based on our own translation into Russian of the English (French) version of the standard specified in paragraph 4.

The specified translation information is not given if the Russian version of the international standard is used to draw up an identical standard. In this case, after information about the developer of an identical standard, the words are given: “based on the Russian version of the standard specified in paragraph 4”.

6.4.2 Paragraph 4 of the preface of the identical standard states:

Information about the applicable international standard, indicating the degree of compliance with it;

Information about the technical committee of the international organization for standardization or about another developer of this international standard;

Information on the nature of the applications (if this information is given in the preface of the international standard).

In this case, the standard wording given in B.1 (Annex B) is used.

If an identical standard takes into account changes and/or technical amendments to an applicable International Standard, then the relevant information, in the case specified in 6.2.4, is given in the preface of this identical standard, using the model wording given in B.2 (Annex B), and in the case specified in 6.2.5, in the supplementary reference appendix.

Where this or another supplementary reference or recommended annex is included in an identical standard, a reference to that annex is given in the preface to that standard.

6.4.3 In the preface of an identical standard, transfer from the preface or introduction of the applicable international standard a statement of patent rights or a warning from the international standardization organization that part of the content of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. This information is given as a separate additional paragraph, which is placed last in the preface.

6.5 If the applicable International Standard has an “Introduction” element, then in an identical standard the content of this element may be supplemented by an explanation of the reasons for making editorial changes in relation to the applicable International Standard (if it is not possible to place this information in the preface *), and at the discretion of the developer identical standard - also other information that facilitates the use of this standard by users, for example, information about the relationship of an identical standard with other interstate standards.

If the applicable International Standard provides justification for the reasons for the development of this standard in the "Introduction" element, then it is allowed to place here information about the technical committee of the international organization for standardization or about another developer of this international standard.

Information about the relationship of the European standard with the directives of the European Union (EU) and the presence in the standard of the reference application ZA (ZB, ZC) is transferred to the introduction.

6.6 If the structure of the name of the applicable international standard differs from the structure that is formed in accordance with the rules given in GOST 1.5 (subsection 3.6), then the name of the identical standard is stated taking into account these rules. In this case, the reason for changing the name is indicated in the preface of an identical standard after information about its compliance with the international standard, using the standard wording given in B.3 (Appendix B).

Examples of changing the name of an identical standard are given in D. 1-D.3 (Appendix D).

Examples of the design of the title page of an identical interstate standard are shown in Figures D.4.1 and D.4.2 (Appendix D).

6.7 2 In the "Normative references" section of an identical standard, the list of reference standards is given in the form and in the same sequence in which these standards are indicated in the original of the applied international standard, but after the name of each of the reference standards in brackets or on the next line, their names are given in Russian.

In the case when the original language of the applicable International Standard is not English, in parentheses or on the next line after the name of each of the referenced standards, their names are also given in English.

6.7.1 In the list of reference standards, the dated or undated form of recording the designations of the reference international standards (with or without the year of adoption) is retained in the form in which it was used in the original of the applicable international standard. In an identical standard, the parenthesized information about all parts of the referenced International Standard is also retained. Information about a series of international standards is given in brackets after the name of this series.

1 ISO 5922:2005, Malleable cast iron

2 IEC 60605 (all parts), Equipment reliability testing

Equipment reliability testing (all parts of IEC 60605)

3 ISO 9000 series, Quality Management Systems

Quality management systems (ISO 9000 series of standards)

4 ISO/CE117000, Evaluation de la conformite - Vocabulaire et principes generaux

(ISO/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment — Vocabulary and general principles,

ISO/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment- Vocabulary and general principles)

6.7.2 When forming a list of reference standards, the validity of reference international standards is checked, information about which is given in the "Normative references" section.

6.7.3 If a referenced standard has been withdrawn without replacement, the corresponding information is given in a footnote to the designation of this standard, given in the Normative references section.

6.7.4 If the referenced standard, to which a dated reference is given, has been replaced by another International Standard, then in a footnote to the designation of this standard, indicated in the Normative references section, give the relevant information, accompanying it with the comment: “However, in order to unambiguously comply with the requirements of this of the standard expressed in the dated reference, it is recommended that only the edition cited in that reference be used.

This rule also applies to a referenced standard to which an undated reference is given when that standard has been superseded by another International Standard having a different registration number, or if its name has been changed while retaining the registration number.

NOTE - Since according to 6.7.1 in an identical standard in the "Normative references" section, the undated form of recording the references of the designations of the referenced international standards is retained (without specifying

GOST 1.3-2014

year of adoption), then in case of replacement of any referenced standard by an international standard having the same registration number, information about this is not required.

6.8 In the "Terms and Definitions" section of an identical standard, after each term in Russian, its equivalent in English is placed in brackets, and if necessary (for example, if a version in French or in another language of the original used standard is used for translation), also the equivalent of the term in French or in another original language, indicating in the footnote the symbol of this language.

1 environment: The external environment in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interactions.

2 requirement (requirement 3 ; exigence 4): The provision of a normative document containing the criteria that must be met.

Note - In connection with the expediency of showing an example of the design of a terminological article, this example does not use bold italics and a reduced font size, which, in accordance with GOST 1.5, examples are distinguished in interstate standards.

6.9 If in an identical standard it is advisable to use symbols and abbreviations that differ from those adopted in the applicable international standard, then in the section "Notations and abbreviations" of the identical standard, equivalent symbols and abbreviations of both standards are given, and the symbols and abbreviations adopted in the international standard are indicated in brackets . At the same time, the list of symbols and/or abbreviations is compiled in the alphabetical order of their placement in Russian or in the order of their first mention in the text of the standard, based on the convenience of searching for symbols and/or abbreviations in this list.

If part of the designations and/or abbreviations used in the international standard in the original language is retained in an identical standard, then these designations and abbreviations are first given (in alphabetical order of their placement), and then that part of the designations and abbreviations that is established in Russian.

6.10 3 In an identical standard, references to international standards are retained if there are interstate standards that are identical to or modified with respect to these reference international standards. At the same time, information on the compliance of reference international standards with interstate standards is given in an additional reference appendix, which is drawn up in accordance with the rules given in Appendix D, and in the preface of an identical standard, the standard wording given in B.4 (Appendix C) is used.

NOTE The replacement of references to international standards by references to any interstate standards is a technical deviation, which is not allowed in an identical standard.

In the absence of such interstate standards, the execution of an identical standard is allowed if the state - the developer of this standard has official translations into Russian (Russian versions) of reference international standards, and in justified cases - if there are original official versions of reference international standards in English.

In the absence in the state - the developer of the interstate standard of official translations into Russian (Russian versions) of reference international standards, the developing organization may submit its own translations of these standards for official registration to the national standardization body of this state or contact it with a proposal to complete these translations by the date implementation of the developed identical standard.

6.10.1 In an identical standard, retain the dated or undated form of recording references to international standards (with or without the year of adoption) in the form in which it is used in the applicable international standard, but when indicating the index in the designation of the referenced international standard, use English regardless of the original language

pa of the applicable international standard, and when indicating the index in the designation of the European standard - the abbreviation "EN".

An example is "...the ISO 5983 series of standards".

6.11 When additional recommended or reference annexes (see 6.2.1 and 6.2.5) are included in an identical standard, they are placed after all annexes given in the applicable international standard and are indicated in capital letters of the Russian alphabet with the addition of the letter D.

Example - Appendix YES, Appendix DB, Appendix DV, etc.

6.12 In an identical standard, the "Bibliography" structural element is not re-arranged (it is retained in the form in which it is presented in the applicable international standard).

Note - In the international standard, in the "Bibliography" element, in contrast to the interstate standard, information is provided on any documents (including other international standards) to which reference references are given in the text. The "Bibliography" element of an International Standard may also contain a list of documents that were used as reference or bibliographic material in the development of this International Standard. In the latter case, references to these documents in the text of the standard may not be given or the references used in the text may not be numbered. At the same time, the list of referenced documents in the "Bibliography" can be drawn up without numbering given in square brackets.

6.12.1 If the inclusion in the element "Bibliography" of information about reference reference documents in the original language contributes to the search for these documents, then it is allowed not to translate this information into Russian.

6.12.2 If it is known that there is an official translation of the reference document, then in the "Bibliography" element, after the information about this document in the original language, the translation of this information into Russian is given in brackets, and the official translation of the document is reported in a footnote.

1 SCHODERD. Physical characteristics of six new thermocyclers. Clin. Chem., 49.6.2003, pp. 960-963.

2 In JR, Suppl.17.

3 Harris C.M. Handbook of acoustical measurements and noise control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.

4 VDI2711 Schallschutz durch Kapselung, 1978.

5 ISO 704, Terminology work-principles and methods. (Work e area of ​​terminology. Principles and methods)*

* The official translation of this standard is in the Federal Information Fund of Technical Regulations and Standards of the Russian Federation.

6.13 The designation of an identical standard is formed from the “GOST” index, separated from it by an interval of designation of the applied international standard (without indicating the year of its adoption) and separated from it by a dash of the year of adoption of the interstate standard. At the same time, when indicating the index in the designation of the applied international standard, English is used, regardless of the original language of this standard, and when indicating the index in the designation of the European standard, the abbreviation "EN" is used.

1 Interstate standard, identical to the international standard ISO 1234:1999, denotes: GOST ISO 1234 -2014.

2 Interstate standard, identical to the European standard EN 982:2009, denote: GOST EN 982-2014.

3 An interstate standard identical to the international document ISO Guide 73:2009 is designated: GOST ISO Guide 73-2014.

GOST 1.3-2014

6.13.1 If an identical standard is included in a complex of interstate standards, but not all parts of a similar complex of 5 international standards are applied in this complex or not all of its parts are applied as identical standards 6, then the full designation of this identical standard is formed from its designation as an interstate standard in accordance with GOST 1.5 (clause 8.3 or 8.4) and the designation of the applied part of the set of international standards separated from it by a slash. At the same time, when indicating the index in the designation of the applied international standard, English is used, regardless of the original language of this standard, and when indicating the index in the designation of the European standard, the abbreviation "ЕЫ" is used.

and / or inappropriate to apply for any reason. An appropriate explanation is given in the preface to the modified standard, using the model wording given in B.8 (Annex B). In this case, the text of non-included paragraphs, subparagraphs, paragraphs, terminological articles is taken out in a separate reference appendix, which is indicated by the capital letter of the Russian alphabet with the addition of the letter D.

7.6 If, in order to take into account the features of the object and / or aspect of standardization that are characteristic of interstate standardization, it is advisable to state in the modified standard certain provisions with changes in relation to the text of the applied international standard, then the text of the modified structural elements (sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, paragraphs, terminological articles, appendices) are distinguished by a single vertical bold line located in the margins, respectively, to the left (even pages) and to the right (odd pages) of this text, and the replaced text is taken out in an additional reference appendix, as shown in the example given in E.4 (appendix E). However, in the preface of the modified standard, a reference is made to this annex, using the model wording given in B.9 (Annex B).

An additional annex is placed after all annexes given in the applicable International Standard.

7.6.1 In the event of a small number of technical deviations from the applied international standard and in the absence of the need to provide a replaced text (since technical deviations affect only individual words, phrases or values ​​of indicators), as well as in the presence of editorial changes, information about these deviations, indicating the reasons explaining them , are given in the preface to the modified standard, using the model wording given in B. 10 (Appendix B), and, if necessary, further specification of these reasons, in footnotes to the changed words, phrases or indicator values. In this case, these words, phrases, values ​​of indicators are highlighted in the text of the modified standard in italics, as shown in the example given in E.5 (Appendix E). If italics are already used in the International Standard, italics with underlining by a solid horizontal line shall be used.

If necessary, a list of all technical deviations presented as changes in the text of the standard, with an explanation of the reasons for their introduction, is given in an additional appendix. An example of the design of this application is given in E.6 (Appendix E).

7.6.2 If the modified standard includes an introduction that explains the reasons for issuing a modified (rather than identical) standard, then information about technical deviations and an explanation of the reasons for their introduction are indicated in the introduction. In this case, reference is made to the introduction in the preface of the modified standard, using the model wording given in B.11 (Annex B).

7.6.3 If the text of the applicable international standard contains normative references to other international standards that have already been adopted as identical or modified interstate standards, then when preparing a draft modified standard, instead of references to international standards, references to interstate standards harmonized with them are used.

In justified cases, in the text of the modified standard, instead of a reference to an international standard, it is allowed to provide a reference to an interstate standard that applies to the same object and aspect of standardization, but is not harmonized with the reference international standard.

In the text of a modified standard, undated references are always used, including when a dated reference is used in the text of the applicable International Standard.

EXAMPLE In the text of an interstate standard modified in relation to IEC 61010-1:2016, the reference to ISO 9614-1:2015 is replaced by a reference to GOST 30457 modified in relation to it.

Information about which reference international standards have been replaced by reference interstate standards and the degree of their compliance is placed in an additional reference appendix, an example of which is given in Appendix G.

Information on the replacement of referenced standards is also given in the preface of the modified standard (see B.10, Appendix B).

In the "Normative references" section of the modified standard, the list of reference standards is given in the form, in the same sequence and with the same note, as required by GOST 1.5 (clauses 3.8.2-3.8.6). At the same time, this list always gives the full designations of the reference interstate standards, including the numbers of the year of adoption of these standards and the

in brackets according to 7.9 (after the slash according to 6.13.1 or 6.13.2) information about their compliance with international standards, including in the case when in the "Normative references" section of the applied international standard the designation of the referenced international standard is given without its year acceptance.

EXAMPLE In the "Normative references" section of the interstate standard modified with respect to IEC 61010-1:2016, instead of information about IEC 60529, information about GOST 14254-2015 (IEC 60529:2015) is given.

7.6.4 If there are no interstate standards that can replace the reference international standards in the form of normative references, then instead of each reference, a provision is given that can adequately replace the corresponding content of the reference standard (its section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, application). This provision is distinguished by a single bold vertical line located in the margins, respectively, to the left (even pages) and to the right (odd pages) of its text. Information that this provision replaces the reference to an International Standard is given as a note enclosed in thin line boxes and placed after this provision.

If instead of a reference to an international standard, it is necessary to provide a significant amount of textual, tabular and / or graphic material, then it is placed in the form of an additional application. At the same time, the reference to the international standard is replaced by a reference to this annex, and under the title of this annex, information is given in brackets that this annex replaces the reference to an international standard that is not accepted as an interstate, and, if necessary, also information about which part of the reference standard, the specified replacement has been made.

7.6.5 If all the cases of replacement of a normative reference to an international standard indicated in 7.6.3 and 7.6.4 are not acceptable due to objective reasons, then in the modified standard this reference is excluded along with the provision (its part) in which it is given (see .7.5). Relevant information is given in the preface of the modified standard (see B.8, annex B) or in the introduction, or in a separate reference appendix, which provides information on other technical deviations.

7.6.6 If an International Standard provides reference references to documents, information about which is given in the Bibliography element, then, as a rule, these references are not included in the modified standard, with the exception of reference references to international standards and international documents that are not international. standards. At the same time, information about these reference standards (documents) is stored in the "Bibliography" element, excluding from it information about other reference documents, as well as information about documents, links to which were not used in the presentation of the modified standard.

If these international standards (documents) are accepted as identical or modified interstate standards, then the relevant information is given in the "Bibliography" element in the form of notes placed after the designation and name of the referenced international standards (documents). These notes also provide recommendations for use in these interstate standards in place of the referenced international standards (documents).

7.6.7 In justified cases, all technical deviations introduced into the content of the interstate standard, which are associated with the inclusion of additional provisions, phrases, words, indicators and / or their meanings, can be highlighted in the modified standard in bold italics or underlined with a solid horizontal line, or in another font ( method) other than the fonts (methods) used in the applicable International Standard. This font (method) of highlighting can also be applied in the modified standard in relation to the text of structural elements (sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, paragraphs, terminological articles, applications), the content of which has been changed in relation to the applicable international standard. At the same time, the justification for the need to use this method of highlighting technical deviations is given in the explanatory note to the draft standard. In such cases or in other justified cases, a complete list of technical deviations (including in connection with the addition, change and / or exception in relation to the applicable international standard) with an explanation of the reasons for their introduction is given in an additional reference appendix, the form of which and an example of its completion are given in Appendix I.

When an additional annex is used, reference is made to that annex in the preface of the modified standard using the model wording given in B.12 (Annex B).

GOST 1.3-2014

7.6.8 If an interstate standard is modified with respect to an international standard by a combination of various types of technical deviations, then in paragraph 4 of the preface, the wording is used, which includes information from the model wordings given in B.5-B. 10 (Appendix B), or provide a link to the introduction (in accordance with B.11, Appendix B) or to an additional reference appendix, formatted in accordance with 7.6.7. In the latter case, the wording given in B.12 (Appendix B) applies.

7.7 The modified standard can be stated with a change in structure in relation to the applied international standard, if this structure does not comply with the rules established in GOST 1.5 (subsections 4.2 and 4.3), or this structure may cause difficulties for users of the interstate standard to perceive its content 8.

Note - It is advisable to take into account that a change in the structure in a modified standard in relation to the applicable international standard may make it difficult to compare these standards when referring to them in international trade.

7.7.1 When the structure is changed from an international standard, an additional reference appendix is ​​included in the modified standard, in which a comparison of the structure of these standards is given in tabular form, as well as an explanation of the reasons for their difference. This annex is placed last in the standard.

Examples of changing the structure are given in Appendix K.

7.7.2 When changing the structure from an International Standard, the preface of the modified standard uses the model wording given in B.13 (Annex B).

7.8 In justified cases, two or more related international standards may be applied in one interstate standard. At the same time, in the preface of such an interstate standard, it is indicated in which of its structural elements (and applications) identical or modified basic regulatory provisions (and applications) of international standards are used. In the introduction or in an additional reference appendix, a comparison of their structure and numbering of structural elements (application designations), an explanation of the reason for combining two or more international standards in one interstate standard, and, if necessary, also information on introduced technical deviations are given.

EXAMPLE In one interstate standard, the following international standards are applied:

ISO 2328:2013 Forklifts. Mounted fork grips and cargo plates. Mounting dimensions";

ISO 2330:2012 Forklifts. Fork grips. Test Specifications”;

ISO 2331:1974 (T) Forklifts. Fork grips. Terminology".

As a reason for combining standards when they are applied in the interstate standard, the small volume of each of them and the convenience of using the combined standard are indicated.

In justified cases, in one interstate standard, along with international standards, the main regulatory provisions of one or more European regional standards may be applied.

In the preface of an interstate standard, which includes identical (modified) main regulatory provisions (and annexes) of two or more international (and European) standards, one of the model formulations given in B.14 and B.15 (Appendix B) is used.

7.9 The modified standard, which is drawn up using the methods specified in 7.4-7.7, or by combining them, is assigned the designation of the interstate standard in accordance with GOST 1.5 (section 8), and to the right of it in parentheses the designation of the applied international standard is given. At the same time, when indicating the index in the designation of the applied international standard, English is used, regardless of the original language of this standard, and when indicating the index in the designation of the European standard, the abbreviation "EN" is used. The year of adoption of the international (European) standard is separated from its registration number by a colon.

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

© Standartinform, 2015

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization

8.3 If the interstate standard is developed on the basis of the application of a smaller part (if this part is a separate section or sections) of the translation (Russian version) of the main regulatory provisions of the international standard, then in the preface of this interstate standard, the corresponding model wording given in B. 19 (appendix AT).

The unused part of the text of the translation (Russian version) of the international standard is given as an appendix to the explanatory note to the draft interstate standard.

8.4 If the content of the work on changing the technical content and presentation form of the applicable international standard in an interstate standard that is not equivalent to it needs to be stated in more detail than is possible in the preface of this interstate standard, then the relevant information is given in the "Introduction" element or in an additional specially designed for this reference application, which is recommended to be drawn up in the form of a table of correspondence between this interstate standard and the applied international standard, the form of which is given in Appendix I. At the same time, in the preface of the standard

1 Scope ...............................................................1

3 Terms and definitions...............................................2

4 General provisions...............................................2

5 Rules for determining the degree of compliance with international standards during development

on their basis of interstate standards ............................... 4

6 Rules for the design and designation of interstate standards that are identical

international standards..............................................6

7 Rules for the design and designation of interstate standards modified

in relation to international standards...............................................11

8 Rules for the design and designation of interstate standards that are not equivalent

international standards..............................................16

Annex A (informative) Information on methods for adopting international standards

and international documents that are not international standards, as regional and national standards and recommendations for choosing the method of adoption .................................................. .........eighteen

Annex B (informative) Information on international documents that are not

international standards...............................21

Annex B (mandatory) Model wording of information on the application of international

standard, given in the preface of the interstate standard ...... 22

to the international standard in the design of the interstate standard and examples of the design of the title page of the interstate standard ..... 26

Appendix D (mandatory) Rules for issuing an application of an identical interstate standard for information on compliance with reference standards and an example of registration of this application................................................................. 32

modified from the international standard.........33

Annex G (mandatory) Rules for issuing a modified application

interstate standard for information on compliance with reference standards and an example of the design of this appendix .................................36

modified from the international standard..........38

Bibliography..............................................41

1.2 This standard does not apply to interstate standards that were accepted or recognized in this capacity before its entry into force. In justified cases, the rules established in this standard may be taken into account when developing changes to previously adopted interstate standards, if the need to make these changes is due to other reasons.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

4.7 If there are normative references in the adopted international standard to other international standards that are not accepted as interstate standards, it is recommended to carry out a set of works for their simultaneous adoption.

4.7.1 When an international standard is adopted as an identical interstate standard, all referenced international standards are also recommended to be accepted as identical interstate standards. If this is not possible at this stage, then the adoption of an identical interstate standard is allowed if the state - the developer of this standard has official versions of reference international standards in Russian or official translations into Russian (including based on their own translations made by the developer of an identical interstate standard). In justified cases, it is allowed to adopt an identical interstate standard if the state that develops this standard has the original official versions of the referenced international standards in English. Otherwise, it is recommended that the International Standard be adopted as a modified International Standard, replacing the normative references in accordance with 7.6.3 or 7.6.4.

4.7.2 When carrying out a set of measures for the simultaneous adoption of reference international standards, it is recommended to take into account their significance, first of all, accepting reference international standards that are closely related to the adopted international standard and ensure the fulfillment of its requirements. For example, when adopting an international standard containing product safety requirements, it is first necessary to ensure the adoption of reference international standards regarding the safety requirements of components and components, methods for monitoring compliance with product safety requirements and its components and components.

4.8 Information about international standards adopted as interstate standards is published in the index (catalog) "Interstate standards", as well as in the indexes (catalogues) of standards published and distributed by the states - parties to the Agreement in an official manner. At the same time, the relationship of interstate standards with the corresponding international standards is indicated using the following symbols for the degree of their compliance:

UT - for identical interstate standards;

MOD - for modified interstate standards;

NEQ - for non-equivalent interstate standards.

Note - These symbols of the degree of conformity of the standards can be used in other cases when it is necessary to inform about it.

Rotary polishing cutters used in dentistry

Wood fiber boards. Specifications

(EN 622-1:2014, NEQ)

(EN 622-2:2014, NEQ)

Notes

1 In the above examples (due to the expediency of showing the design of the designation, name and degree of compliance with interstate standards), bold italics and reduced font size, which, in accordance with GOST 1.5, distinguish examples in interstate standards, are not used.

5 Rules for determining the degree of compliance with international standards in the development of interstate standards on their basis

5.1 When applying an International Standard, one of three degrees of conformance may be used as the basis for an Interstate Standard:

identical;

Modified;

Non-equivalent.

5.1.1 The degree of compliance of the interstate standard with the international standard used in its development is determined by the need to:

Introduction of technical deviations;

Structure changes;

Identification of technical deviations and structure changes in the interstate standard.

5.1.2 An international standard is considered accepted as an interstate standard if the interstate standard is identical or modified with respect to the international standard.

5.1.3 It is preferable to adopt an interstate standard identical to the international standard.

5.2 The development of an interstate standard based on the application of an international standard begins with a general assessment of the appropriateness of its use and the choice of the degree of their compliance. This choice is made at the stage of organizing the development of an interstate standard when preparing proposals for the program of work on interstate standardization in accordance with GOST 1.2 (clause 3.2.1). At the same time, the expediency of maintaining the technical content and structure of the applied international standard in the interstate standard is considered, based on the fact that the interstate standard is considered harmonized with the international standard, if the interstate standard is identical or modified with respect to this international standard.

The choice of the degree of conformity of standards is carried out taking into account 5.2.1-5.2.3, as well as taking into account the information given in table 1.

Table 1

Name of degree of conformity Compliance degree characteristic Conditional designation identical An interstate standard is identical to an international standard if it is identical in technical content, structure and presentation, or identical in technical content and structure, but may include minor editorial changes as specified in 6.2.1. "Feedback principle" fulfilled Modified The Interstate Standard is modified from the International Standard if the technical deviations that are permissible are clearly identified and their reasons explained. The Interstate Standard reproduces the structure of the International Standard, however, changes in the structure are allowed provided that the changed structure provides an easy comparison of the content of the two standards. A modification of a standard may also include changes that are allowed under identical conformity. "Feedback principle" failed Non-equivalent The Interstate Standard is not equivalent to the International Standard in technical content and structure, and any changes have not been clearly identified. It is obvious that there is no clear correspondence between the interstate standard and the international standard. This degree of compliance does not provide for acceptance

5.2.1 If the technical content of the applicable international standard corresponds to the goals of interstate standardization specified in GOST 1.0 (section 4), interstate interests and the needs of the national economies of the majority of the States Parties to the Agreement, and the structure of the international standard does not hinder the use of the interstate standard, then it is drawn up in the form standard identical to this International Standard, in accordance with Clause 6.

5.2.2 If it is necessary to take into account the interstate interests of the States Parties to the Agreement and the needs of the national economies of these States (including with the aim of raising the scientific and technical level of the standard), the features of the object and the aspect of standardization that are typical for these States due to climatic and / or geographical factors, legal, technical and/or technological differences, as well as in other justified cases, the technical content of the interstate standard may be changed in relation to the technical content of the applied international standard. In this case, an interstate standard is drawn up, which is modified in relation to this international standard. Modification may also be due to the need to adapt the form of presentation of the international standard, if its structure and design may cause difficulties for users of the interstate standard to perceive its content.

In justified cases (for example, for ease of use), two or more interrelated international standards may be applied in one interstate standard. Such an interstate standard is considered modified.

The reasons for the need to modify the draft interstate standard in relation to the international standard (s) are indicated in the explanatory note to the draft interstate standard.

The modified interstate standard is drawn up in accordance with section 7.

5.2.3 If there is no need to ensure harmonization of the developed interstate standard with the applied international standard, and also in the case when, in order to take into account the national interests of the states - parties to the Agreement, it is necessary to introduce such significant technical deviations that are impossible or inappropriate to identify, develop an interstate standard that is not equivalent this International Standard, in accordance with Clause 8.

The provisions of this paragraph and its subparagraphs also apply to references to draft international and regional standards, international classifiers, international documents that are not international standards, European and other standards, if normative references to these documents are given in the applicable international standard.

Extending to the same objects of standardization.

These parts may be used as modified or non-equivalent standards.

* 4 If two (or more) international standards are applied in the modified standard, then on the title page of the modified standard the designations of these international standards are given, and in brackets the symbols for the degree of compliance with them - “(MOD)”.

These difficulties, as a rule, are exacerbated when it is necessary to prepare a change to the interstate standard. In this case, it is difficult to unambiguously give the names of the variable structural elements of the standard, as provided for by the requirements established in GOST 1.5 (section 6).

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstate standard (GOST)- a regional standard adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, interstate standards are applied voluntarily.

In 1992, the CIS members entered into an agreement by which they recognized the current GOST standards of the USSR as interstate standards, while retaining the abbreviation GOST for the newly introduced interstate standards.

Technical regulation

For each technical regulation, the Eurasian Economic Commission approves two lists of standards. One is necessary to meet the requirements of the technical regulations, and the second contains the rules and methods for testing products. Application on a voluntary basis of the standards included in the first list is a sufficient condition for compliance with the technical regulations of the Union. By July 2016, lists of standards for 33 technical regulations of the EAEU were approved. They include more than 11600 standards, of which about 3100 are developed on the basis of international standards ISO, IEC and UNECE (26.4%) and 865 - on the basis of European counterparts (7.4%).

Application in Russia as part of standardization

The federal executive body in the field of standardization enacts interstate standards, cancels interstate standards and suspends interstate standards on the territory of Russia. Application for the purposes of technical regulation is established in accordance with the Law "On Technical Regulation".

Story

Approved in 1931 as the recommended all-Union standard OST 1042 “Tolerances and landings. Hole system. 2nd class of accuracy. Hot landing" is still in effect. OST 1043, OST 1044, OST 1069, OST 1142, OST 1143, OST 1214 and OST 1216 have a similar status.

In 1984, administrative responsibility was established for the release or supply (sale) of products that do not meet the requirements of the standards.

The USSR Law of 1991 "On the Protection of Consumer Rights" referred to state standards: the state standard of the USSR, the republican standard, building codes and regulations, the state pharmacopoeia and temporary pharmacopoeial articles for medicines.

Notation

International standards can be adopted as interstate standards. The relationship of interstate standards with the corresponding international standards is indicated using the following symbols for the degree of their compliance:

• IDT - for identical interstate standards;
• MOD - for modified interstate standards;
• NEQ - for non-equivalent interstate standards.

On the title page, under the name of the interstate standard, the designation and name of the applied international standard in English and the symbol for the degree of their compliance are given.

The abbreviation "OST" meant:

• since 1925 - "all-Union standard";
• since 1968, the "industry standard".

The abbreviation "GOST" meant:

• since 1940 - "state all-Union standard";
• since 1968 - "state standard of the USSR";
• since 1992 - "interstate standard".

Classification of standards

It is not allowed to release meat products using names that are similar to the names of meat products established by interstate (regional) standards, with the exception of meat products manufactured according to these standards (for example, "Doctor", "Amateur", "Moscow", "Grainy" , "Dairy").

see also

Write a review on the article "Interstate Standard (GOST)"

Notes

An excerpt characterizing the Interstate Standard (GOST)

“Yes,” Vera answered, “I don’t want that at all. We must live for society.
“That’s exactly what Princess Yusupova wore,” said Berg, with a happy and kind smile, pointing to the cape.
At this time, the arrival of Count Bezukhy was reported. Both spouses looked at each other with a self-satisfied smile, each attributing the honor of this visit to himself.
"That's what it means to be able to make acquaintances, thought Berg, that's what it means to be able to behave!"
“Just please, when I am entertaining guests,” Vera said, “you don’t interrupt me, because I know what to do with everyone, and in what society what to say.
Berg smiled too.
“It’s impossible: sometimes a man’s conversation should be with men,” he said.
Pierre was received in a brand new living room, in which it was impossible to sit down anywhere without violating symmetry, cleanliness and order, and therefore it was very understandable and not strange that Berg generously offered to destroy the symmetry of an armchair or sofa for a dear guest, and apparently being himself in in this regard, in painful indecision, offered a solution to this issue to the choice of the guest. Pierre upset the symmetry by pulling out a chair for himself, and immediately Berg and Vera began the evening, interrupting one another and entertaining the guest.
Vera, deciding in her mind that Pierre should be occupied with a conversation about the French embassy, ​​immediately began this conversation. Berg, deciding that a man's conversation was also necessary, interrupted his wife's speech, touching on the question of the war with Austria and involuntarily jumped from the general conversation to personal considerations about the proposals that were made to him to participate in the Austrian campaign, and about the reasons why he did not accept them. Despite the fact that the conversation was very awkward, and that Vera was angry at the intervention of the male element, both spouses felt with pleasure that, despite the fact that there was only one guest, the evening had started very well, and that the evening was like two drops of water are like any other evening with conversations, tea and candles lit.
Boris, Berg's old comrade, soon arrived. He treated Berg and Vera with a certain tinge of superiority and patronage. A lady came for Boris with a colonel, then the general himself, then the Rostovs, and the evening was completely, undoubtedly, similar to all evenings. Berg and Vera could not help smiling at the sight of this movement around the living room, at the sound of this incoherent conversation, the rustling of dresses and bows. Everything was, like everyone else, the general was especially similar, praising the apartment, patting Berg on the shoulder, and with paternal arbitrariness ordered the setting up of the Boston table. The general sat down with Count Ilya Andreich, as if he were the most distinguished guest after himself. Old men with old men, young with young, the hostess at the tea table, on which were exactly the same cookies in a silver basket that the Panins had at the evening, everything was exactly the same as the others.

Pierre, as one of the most honored guests, was to sit in Boston with Ilya Andreich, a general and a colonel. Pierre had to sit opposite Natasha at the Boston table, and the strange change that had taken place in her since the day of the ball struck him. Natasha was silent, and not only was she not as good as she was at the ball, but she would be bad if she did not look so meek and indifferent to everything.
"What with her?" thought Pierre, looking at her. She was sitting next to her sister at the tea table and reluctantly, without looking at him, answered something to Boris, who had sat down next to her. Departing the whole suit and taking five bribes to the pleasure of his partner, Pierre, who heard the greetings and the sound of someone's steps entering the room during the collection of bribes, looked at her again.
"What happened to her?" even more surprised he said to himself.
Prince Andrei, with a thrifty tender expression, stood before her and said something to her. She, raising her head, blushing and apparently trying to hold her breath, looked at him. And the bright light of some kind of inner, previously extinguished fire, again burned in her. She has completely changed. From the bad girl she again became the same as she was at the ball.
Prince Andrei went up to Pierre and Pierre noticed a new, youthful expression in the face of his friend.
Pierre changed seats several times during the game, now with his back, then facing Natasha, and for the entire duration of 6 roberts he made observations of her and his friend.
“Something very important is happening between them,” thought Pierre, and a joyful and at the same time bitter feeling made him worry and forget about the game.
After 6 robers, the general got up, saying that it was impossible to play like that, and Pierre got his freedom. Natasha was talking to Sonya and Boris on the same side, Vera was talking about something with a thin smile with Prince Andrei. Pierre went up to his friend and, asking if what was being said was a secret, sat down beside them. Vera, noticing Prince Andrei's attention to Natasha, found that at the evening, at a real evening, it was necessary that there be subtle hints of feelings, and seizing the time when Prince Andrei was alone, she began a conversation with him about feelings in general and about her sister . With such an intelligent (as she considered Prince Andrei) guest, she needed to apply her diplomatic skills to the matter.
When Pierre approached them, he noticed that Vera was in a self-satisfied enthusiasm for the conversation, Prince Andrei (which rarely happened to him) seemed embarrassed.
- What do you think? Vera said with a thin smile. - You, prince, are so insightful and understand the character of people at once. What do you think of Natalie, can she be constant in her affections, can she, like other women (Vera understood herself), love a person once and remain faithful to him forever? This is what I consider true love. What do you think, prince?
“I know your sister too little,” answered Prince Andrei with a mocking smile, under which he wanted to hide his embarrassment, “to solve such a delicate question; and then I noticed that the less a woman likes, the more constant she is, ”he added and looked at Pierre, who had approached them at that time.
- Yes, it's true, prince; in our time, Vera continued (referring to our time, as limited people generally like to mention, believing that they have found and appreciated the features of our time and that the properties of people change with time), in our time the girl has so much freedom that le plaisir d "etre courtisee [the pleasure of having fans] often drowns out the true feeling in her. Et Nathalie, il faut l" avouer, y est tres sensible. [And Natalya, it must be confessed, is very sensitive to this.] The return to Natalya again made Prince Andrei frown unpleasantly; he wanted to get up, but Vera continued with an even more refined smile.
“I think no one was as courtisee [the subject of courtship] as she was,” Vera said; - but never, until very recently, did she seriously like anyone. You know, count, - she turned to Pierre, - even our dear cousin Boris, who was, entre nous [between us], very, very dans le pays du tendre ... [in the land of tenderness ...]
Prince Andrei frowned silently.
Are you friends with Boris? Vera told him.
- Yes, I know him…
- Did he tell you right about his childhood love for Natasha?
Was there childhood love? - suddenly suddenly blushing, asked Prince Andrei.
- Yes. Vous savez entre cousin et cousine cette intimate mene quelquefois a l "amour: le cousinage est un dangereux voisinage, N" est ce pas? [You know, between cousin and sister, this closeness sometimes leads to love. Such kinship is a dangerous neighborhood. Is not it?]
“Oh, without a doubt,” said Prince Andrei, and suddenly, unnaturally animated, he began to joke with Pierre about how careful he should be in his treatment of his 50-year-old Moscow cousins, and in the middle of a joking conversation, he got up and, taking under the arm of Pierre, took him aside.
- Well? - said Pierre, looking with surprise at the strange animation of his friend and noticing the look that he threw at Natasha when he got up.
“I need, I need to talk to you,” said Prince Andrei. - You know our women's gloves (he talked about those Masonic gloves that were given to the newly elected brother to present to his beloved woman). - I ... But no, I'll talk to you later ... - And with a strange gleam in his eyes and restlessness in his movements, Prince Andrei went up to Natasha and sat down beside her. Pierre saw how Prince Andrei asked her something, and she, flushing, answered him.
But at this time, Berg approached Pierre, urging him to take part in a dispute between the general and the colonel about Spanish affairs.
Berg was pleased and happy. The smile of joy never left his face. The evening was very good and exactly like the other evenings he had seen. Everything was similar. And ladylike, subtle conversations, and cards, and behind the cards a general raising his voice, and a samovar, and cookies; but one thing was still missing, that which he always saw at parties, which he wished to imitate.
There was a lack of loud conversation between men and an argument about something important and clever. The general started this conversation and Berg brought Pierre to it.

The next day, Prince Andrei went to the Rostovs for dinner, as Count Ilya Andreich called him, and spent the whole day with them.
Everyone in the house felt for whom Prince Andrei went, and he, without hiding, tried all day to be with Natasha. Not only in Natasha's frightened, but happy and enthusiastic soul, but in the whole house, fear was felt before something important that had to happen. The Countess looked at Prince Andrei with sad and seriously stern eyes when he spoke with Natasha, and timidly and feignedly began some kind of insignificant conversation, as soon as he looked back at her. Sonya was afraid to leave Natasha and was afraid to be a hindrance when she was with them. Natasha turned pale with fear of anticipation when she remained face to face with him for minutes. Prince Andrei struck her with his timidity. She felt that he needed to tell her something, but that he could not bring himself to do so.
When Prince Andrei left in the evening, the countess went up to Natasha and said in a whisper:
- Well?
- Mom, for God's sake don't ask me anything now. You can’t say that,” Natasha said.
But despite the fact that that evening Natasha, now agitated, now frightened, with stopping eyes, lay for a long time in her mother's bed. Now she told her how he praised her, then how he said that he would go abroad, then how he asked where they would live this summer, then how he asked her about Boris.
“But this, this… has never happened to me!” she said. “Only I’m scared around him, I’m always scared around him, what does that mean?” So it's real, right? Mom, are you sleeping?
“No, my soul, I myself am afraid,” answered the mother. - Go.
“I won’t sleep anyway. What's wrong with sleeping? Mommy, mommy, this has never happened to me! she said with astonishment and fear before the feeling that she was aware of in herself. - And could we think! ...
It seemed to Natasha that even when she first saw Prince Andrei in Otradnoye, she fell in love with him. She seemed to be frightened by this strange, unexpected happiness that the one whom she had chosen back then (she was firmly convinced of this), that the same one had now met her again, and, as it seems, was not indifferent to her. “And it was necessary for him, now that we are here, to come to Petersburg on purpose. And we should have met at this ball. All this is fate. It is clear that this is fate, that all this was led to this. Even then, as soon as I saw him, I felt something special.
What else did he tell you? What verses are these? Read it ... - thoughtfully said the mother, asking about the poems that Prince Andrei wrote in Natasha's album.
- Mom, is it not a shame that he is a widower?
- That's it, Natasha. Pray to God. Les Marieiages se font dans les cieux. [Marriages are made in heaven.]
“Darling, mother, how I love you, how good it is for me!” Natasha shouted, crying tears of happiness and excitement and hugging her mother.
At the same time, Prince Andrei was sitting with Pierre and telling him about his love for Natasha and about his firm intention to marry her.

On that day, Countess Elena Vasilievna had a reception, there was a French envoy, there was a prince, who had recently become a frequent visitor to the countess's house, and many brilliant ladies and men. Pierre was downstairs, walked through the halls, and struck all the guests with his concentrated, absent-minded and gloomy look.
From the time of the ball, Pierre felt the approach of fits of hypochondria in himself and with a desperate effort tried to fight against them. From the time of the prince’s rapprochement with his wife, Pierre was unexpectedly granted a chamberlain, and from that time on he began to feel heaviness and shame in a large society, and more often the same gloomy thoughts about the futility of everything human began to come to him. At the same time, the feeling he noticed between Natasha, who was patronized by him, and Prince Andrei, his opposition between his position and the position of his friend, further strengthened this gloomy mood. He equally tried to avoid thoughts about his wife and about Natasha and Prince Andrei. Again everything seemed to him insignificant in comparison with eternity, again the question presented itself: “what for?”. And he forced himself day and night to work on the Masonic works, hoping to drive away the approach of the evil spirit. Pierre at 12 o'clock, leaving the countess's chambers, was sitting upstairs in a smoky, low room, in a worn dressing gown in front of the table and copying genuine Scottish acts, when someone entered his room. It was Prince Andrew.
“Ah, it’s you,” said Pierre with an absent-minded and displeased look. “But I’m working,” he said, pointing to a notebook with that kind of salvation from the hardships of life with which unhappy people look at their work.
Prince Andrei, with a radiant, enthusiastic face renewed to life, stopped in front of Pierre and, not noticing his sad face, smiled at him with egoism of happiness.
“Well, my soul,” he said, “yesterday I wanted to tell you and today I came to you for this. Never experienced anything like it. I'm in love my friend.
Pierre suddenly sighed heavily and sank down with his heavy body on the sofa, next to Prince Andrei.
- To Natasha Rostov, right? - he said.
- Yes, yes, in whom? I would never believe it, but this feeling is stronger than me. Yesterday I suffered, suffered, but I will not give up this torment for anything in the world. I haven't lived before. Now only I live, but I can't live without her. But can she love me?... I'm old for her... What don't you say?...
- I? I? What did I tell you, - Pierre suddenly said, getting up and starting to walk around the room. - I always thought this ... This girl is such a treasure, such ... This is a rare girl ... Dear friend, I ask you, do not think, do not hesitate, marry, marry and marry ... And I am sure that no one will be happier than you.
- But she!
- She loves you.
“Don’t talk nonsense ...” said Prince Andrei, smiling and looking into Pierre’s eyes.
“He loves, I know,” Pierre shouted angrily.
“No, listen,” said Prince Andrei, stopping him by the hand. Do you know what position I'm in? I need to tell everything to someone.
“Well, well, say, I’m very glad,” Pierre said, and indeed his face changed, the wrinkle smoothed out, and he joyfully listened to Prince Andrei. Prince Andrei seemed and was a completely different, new person. Where was his anguish, his contempt for life, his disappointment? Pierre was the only person before whom he dared to speak out; but on the other hand, he told him everything that was in his soul. Either he easily and boldly made plans for a long future, talked about how he could not sacrifice his happiness for the whim of his father, how he would force his father to agree to this marriage and love her or do without his consent, then he was surprised how on something strange, alien, independent of him, against the feeling that possessed him.
“I would not believe someone who would tell me that I can love like that,” said Prince Andrei. “It's not the same feeling I had before. The whole world is divided for me into two halves: one is she and there is all the happiness of hope, light; the other half - everything where it is not there, there is all despondency and darkness ...
“Darkness and gloom,” Pierre repeated, “yes, yes, I understand that.
“I can't help but love the light, it's not my fault. And I am very happy. You understand me? I know that you are happy for me.

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

Official edition

Stand rtinform 2016

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established in GOST 1.0-2015 “Interstate standardization system. Fundamentals” and this standard

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "All-Russian Research Institute for Standardization and Certification in Mechanical Engineering" (VNIINMASH)

2 INTRODUCED by the Interstate Technical Committee for StandardizationMTK 536 "Methodology of Interstate Standardization"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of December 10, 2015 No. 48)

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Code of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the national standards body
		Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia
Belarus		State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan		State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstadart
		Moldova-Standard
		Rosstandart
Tajikistan		Tajikstandart
Uzbekistan		Westandart
		Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 11, 2015 No. 2157-st, the interstate standard GOST 1.2-2015 entered into force as the national standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2016.

5 83AMEN GOST 1.2-2009

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards". and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted on the public information system - the unofficial website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet ()

© Standartinform.2016

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

Annex A (mandatory) Form of summary of feedback on the draft interstate standard.

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Interstate standardization system

Rules for developing, accepting, updating and canceling

interstate system for standardization, interstate standards, rules and recommendations on interstate standardization. Rules for development, taking over, renovation and cancellation

Introduction date - 2016-07-01*

1 area of ​​use

1.1 This standard establishes the rules for the development, adoption, updating (revision, amendments and amendments) and cancellation of interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization.

Note - This standard uses the terms according to GOST 1.1.

1.2 This standard does not apply to the procedure for the development, adoption, updating and cancellation of interstate standards for defense products and other products, information about which is a state secret or which is used to protect this information.

1.3 In relation to this standard, at the national level in the member states of the Agreement on the implementation of a coordinated policy in the field of standardization, metrology and certification (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) **, additional and / or specifying rules may be established that apply to the procedures for developing interstate standards, rules and recommendations on interstate standardization, as well as changes to them.

2 Normative references

8 of this standard, normative references to the following interstate standards are used:

GOST 1.0-2015 Interstate standardization system. Key points

GOST 1.1-2002 Interstate standardization system. Terms and Definitions

GOST 1.3-2014 Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards. Development rules based on international and regional standards

GOST 1.4-2015 Interstate standardization system. Interstate technical committees for standardization. Rules of creation and activity

GOST 1.5-2001 Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards. rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. General requirements for construction. presentation, design, content and designation

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the referenced document

* This date is common to all states mentioned in the preface.

*’ This agreement was concluded by the governments of the Commonwealth of Independent States on March 13, 1992 in Moscow (with additions and amendments of November 22, 2007, adopted in Ashgabat).

Official edition

ment is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is withdrawn without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Rules for the development of interstate standards

3.1 General

3.1.1 The development of interstate standards is carried out to achieve the goals of interstate standardization, in compliance with its basic principles, which are defined by GOST 1.0 (sections 3 and 4) and taking into account the priority areas of work on interstate standardization adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (hereinafter - IGU ).

Interstate standards are developed for standardization objects and taking into account the main areas of work on interstate standardization, which are defined by GOST 1.0 (sections 7 and 5).

3.1.2 In the presence of an interstate technical committee for standardization, which is assigned to the relevant field of activity or the object of standardization (hereinafter referred to as the ITC). the development of an interstate standard is carried out in compliance with the rules established in GOST 1.4 (section and 7).

3.1.3 The development of an interstate standard is carried out on the basis of a program of work on interstate standardization or by decision of the IGU. The basis for the development of an interstate standard can also be an interstate standardization program for a particular line of business or product group.

Note - The program of work on interstate standardization, minutes of meetings of the IGU. interstate standardization programs for areas of activity and product groups are posted on the official website of the IGU.

3.1.4 The development of the interstate standard is carried out in the following order:

The first stage is the organization of the development of an interstate standard:

The second stage is the development of the first edition of the draft interstate standard and its consideration in the member states of the Agreement:

The third stage is the development of the final version of the draft interstate standard, its consideration in the state-developer:

The fourth stage is the consideration of the final version of the draft interstate standard in the states - participants of the Agreement, the adoption of the interstate standard and its registration.

In justified cases, it is allowed to combine the stages of development of a draft interstate standard (for example, in the cases specified in 4.7) or the introduction of additional stages of its development (second and subsequent editions).

3.1.5 The provisions established in the interstate standard should be based on modern achievements in science, engineering, technology in relation to this object and / or aspect of standardization, and take into account the conditions for the use of products, performance of work and provision of services.

3.1.5.1 The developed interstate standard should not include the norms that should be contained in regulatory legal acts regulating, for example, the relationship of the parties, including the relationship of supplies between manufacturers, suppliers, consumers. customers, etc., which are governed by national laws and contractual obligations.

3.1.5.2 The developed interstate standard should not establish the responsibility of organizations, officials and individual employees for violation of its requirements.

3.1.6 The development of an interstate standard based on the application of an international or regional standard or on the basis of the application of an international document that is not an international standard is carried out in cases of non-compliance with the rules established in GOST 1.3.

3.1.6.1 The national standard of the developing state, another state party to the Agreement or another country can also be proposed as the basis for the draft interstate standard.

3.1.6.2 When using a national standard as a basis for a draft interstate standard, the following conditions must be met:

The existence of an agreement allowing such application of the national standard, or with the permission of the competent authority.

3.1.7 When developing an interstate standard, it is necessary to ensure that its provisions are aligned with the provisions of previously adopted interstate standards. If these provisions are outdated and contradict the provisions established in the standard being developed, then simultaneously with its development, it is advisable to carry out work to update (revise or change) these standards in accordance with Section 5 or cancel them in accordance with Section 6.

3.1.6 The draft interstate standard and other documents used in the process of its development are drawn up in electronic digital form suitable for the exchange of documents in accordance with the procedure established by the IGU.

4.3 The national authorities of the States Parties to the Agreement make a decision on the draft interstate standard and vote in the AIS IGU during the period provided for this. When voting against the adoption of the draft interstate standard in this edition, as well as in the case when the national body abstained from voting, place a file with the rationale for this decision in the formats (*.OOS) or (*.PDF).

Notes

2 If a national body abstains from voting, then it is considered that the country concerned is not interested in the application of this interstate standard, the opinion of this country is not taken into account in the calculation of votes,

4.4 The Interstate Standard is considered adopted based on the results of voting in the AIS IGU. if at least three-quarters of the national bodies of the states that are full members of the ITC voted for its adoption in the final version. within which the project is developed (including the national authority of the state-designer), but not less than four.

If the development of an interstate standard is carried out outside the framework of the ITC. then this standard is considered adopted based on the results of voting in the AIS IGU. if at least three-fourths of the national authorities that took part in the vote (including the national authority of the state-designer), but not less than four, voted to accept the final version.

Notes

1 The above rules apply when the interstate standard is not the underlying standard (see 4.6.S). as well as in the absence of a proposal to submit the consideration of the voting results to a meeting of the IGU (see 4.6).

2 For states that are full members of the ITC. voting on accepted interstate standards. relating to the field of activity of this ITC. is mandatory.

3 National authorities of states not interested in applying this interstate standard should abstain in voting on its adoption.

4.4.1 In case of positive results of voting in the IGU AIS according to the interstate standard, the ITC secretariat or the national body of the developing state sends to the IGU Standards Bureau (hereinafter referred to as the Standards Bureau) the documents necessary for registration of the adopted standard, in accordance with the procedure established by the IGU.

4.4.2 The Bureau of Standards performs in accordance with the rules adopted by the IGU. registration of the accepted standard.

4.4.3 The adopted standard is put into effect on the territory of the states interested in its application, in accordance with the rules established in GOST 1.0 (subclauses 8.3.2-8.3.6).

4.5 In case of negative results of voting on the draft interstate standard, the national body of the state-developer may decide to terminate its development or finalize this draft, taking into account the comments and suggestions of other members of the ITC and (or) national bodies.

4.5.1 The finalization of the draft interstate standard is carried out within a period not exceeding two months, in the manner established by the national authority of the state-developer.

4.5.2 When finalizing the draft interstate standard, the developer draws up a summary of comments and proposals based on the results of the initial vote of the ITC members and national bodies, which is drawn up similarly to the summary of reviews on the first edition of the draft interstate standard. At the same time, information about the members of the ITC and (or) national bodies that voted for the adoption of this standard is given in an explanatory note.

4.5.3 Consideration of the finalized draft of the interstate standard and voting on it is carried out in accordance with 3.4.5-3.4.8.4.1-4.4.

With positive results of the repeated voting on the draft interstate standard, work is carried out in accordance with 4.4.1-4.4.3.

4.5.4 In case of negative results of the repeated voting on the draft interstate standard, the final decision on it (further revision, termination of development) is made at a meeting of the ITC or the relevant scientific and technical commission.

In the event that a decision is made to terminate the development of an interstate standard, the national authorities of the states interested in its application may use the draft of this standard (in any edition) as the basis for the development or execution of a similar national standard.

4.6 The adoption of the interstate standard is submitted to the meeting of the IGU at the proposal of the national authority interested in its application, but not according to the results of voting on its draft. The adoption of fundamental standards on the methodology of interstate standardization, affecting the interests of all states parties to the Agreement, is also submitted to the meeting of the IGU.

4.6.1 If the draft interstate standard is supposed to be submitted to the IGU meeting. then before this meeting, the ITC secretariat organizes the following events aimed at resolving disagreements:

Bilateral exchange of proposals for the removal of disagreements, conducted between the developer of this standard and his opponent by e-mail or through personal meetings;

Discussion of these proposals at a bilateral or multilateral meeting of representatives of national authorities:

Reconsideration of the draft of this standard at a meeting of the ITC;

Consideration of this project at a meeting of the relevant scientific and technical commission.

4.6.2 When considering a draft interstate standard at a meeting of the IGU, the results of the consideration are reflected in the minutes of the meeting. At the same time, information about the standard adopted at the meeting is included in the corresponding list, which is an integral part of this protocol.

4.6.3 If the adoption of the interstate standard is submitted to the meeting of the IGU. and a member of the council representing the state interested in this standard cannot be present at this meeting or send his authorized representative to it, then the relevant national body sends a ballot with a decision on the draft of this standard at least 10 days before the meeting.

4.6.4 The Interstate Standard is considered adopted at the meeting of the IGU. if at least 2/3 of the council members who attended this meeting or sent voting ballots in accordance with С4.6.3 voted for its adoption.

4.6.5 If the interstate standard is one of the fundamental standards for the methodology of interstate standardization affecting the interests of all states participating in the Agreement, then this standard is considered adopted only with a positive vote of all members of the IGU. participating in the meeting, if a voting ballot with a negative decision on this standard has not been received from the absent member of the council.

4.6.6 If an interstate standard is adopted at a meeting of the IGU, work is carried out in accordance with 4.4.1 -4.4.3.

4.7 As the final version of the draft interstate standard, the current national standard of the state party to the Agreement can be proposed if this standard is published in Russian (in two or more languages, one of which is Russian) and is identical to the international or regional standard.

4.7.1 The proposal to adopt the national standard of the state party to the Agreement as an interstate standard may come from the national authority of this state. If this proposal comes from a national authority of another state. Bureau for Standards or the secretariat of the ITC, then the possibility of implementing this proposal is preliminarily agreed with the national body that adopted (approved) this standard.

4.7.2 The party that proposed to adopt the national standard as an interstate standard places this AIS IGU standard at the “Final Edition” stage along with an explanatory note that sets out this proposal with appropriate justification.

4.7.3 Consideration of a national standard proposed for adoption as an interstate standard and voting on it is carried out in accordance with 3.4.8.4.1 -4.4.

At the "Acceptance" stage in the AIS IGU, a national standard should be placed, re-arranged into an interstate standard and corresponding to GOST 1.3 (section 6).

4.7.4 In case of negative voting results on the adoption of the national standard of the state - party to the Agreement as an interstate standard, its revision is not carried out. except for the case when the proposal for this standard came from the national body that adopted (approved) the corresponding national standard. In this case, on the basis of this national standard, a draft interstate standard can be prepared in compliance with the rules established in GOST 1.3 (section 6). and taking into account the comments and proposals of interested countries, and further work (including consideration and voting therefore on the project) is carried out in accordance with 4.5.2-4.5.4.

4.8 National bodies that voted against the adoption of an interstate standard or abstained (did not take part in the vote) may subsequently join the CLR by voting by sending a voting ballot with their positive decision to the Bureau of Standards. Information about this decision is published on the website of the IGU and in the information indexes of national standards published monthly in the member states of the Agreement, and the attack is also drawn up in the form of an amendment to the interstate standard in accordance with 5.4.

4.9 The adoption of an interstate standard does not impose any obligations on national bodies that did not take part in the voting, abstained from voting or voted against the adoption of the standard in this edition.

5 Rules for updating interstate standards

5.1 Organization of work to update the interstate standard

5.1.1 The Interstate Standard is subject to update in the following cases:

If its content interferes with the observance of a newly concluded interstate agreement;

If it is necessary to ensure harmonization with a newly developed or updated international or European standard (an international document that is not an international standard);

In the latter case, when organizing the updating of the interstate standard, it is necessary to strive to ensure the complexity of work on the standardization of interrelated objects in terms of the development of standards that apply to them.

The interstate standard can also be updated at the suggestion of national authorities. other government bodies, enterprises, organizations, other business entities, public associations and citizens of the states in whose territory this standard is applied.

5.1.2 Updating the interstate standard can be carried out by revising it. development of a change to the standard, and in the presence of typographical errors, errors or other editorial inaccuracies - by amending the standard.

5.1.3 If it is necessary to update the interstate standard, national bodies, other government bodies, enterprises, organizations, other business entities, public associations and citizens of the states on whose territory this standard is applied, send appropriate proposals (with reasoned justification) to the ITC secretariat. to which this standard is assigned, and in its absence - to the national authority of its state or directly to the national authority of the state - the developer of this standard (the state to which this standard is assigned). Together with the proposal, documents may be submitted confirming its validity or containing guarantee obligations for full or partial financing of the work, as well as the text of the change that it is advisable to make to this standard. Copies of the proposal and these documents are also sent to the national authority of their state.

5.1.4 The Secretariat of the ITC (and in its absence, the national body and / or the secretariat of the national TC) considers, analyzes and summarizes the received proposals for updating the interstate standard, assesses their relevance, determines the method of updating the standard (in the form of a change or revision).

5.1.5 If within five years after the adoption of the interstate standard, the secretariat of the ITC (secretariat of the national TC) did not receive proposals to update it, then this secretariat sends members of the ITC (members of the national TC) a request for proposals to update this standard or cancel it. or independently conducts an assessment of the scientific and technical level and / or verification of the content of this standard.

5.1.6 When carrying out the work specified in 5.1.4 and 5.1.5. evaluate the need for simultaneous updating of other interstate standards interconnected with the updated interstate standard (including standards in which normative references to this standard are given).

5.1.6.1 If the analysis revealed the need to update the interrelated interstate standard. assigned to another MOTC or national authority, then the corresponding proposal is sent to the secretariat of this MOTC (national authority).

5.1.6.2 The MOTC Secretariat (national body) that received the proposal analyzes it. determines the method of updating the interstate standard assigned to it (in the form of a change or revision) and communicates its opinion to the national body of the state entrusted with the conduct of this secretariat.

5.1.6.3 The national body considers a proposal to update the interstate standard and determines the possibility of financing this work.

5.1.7 Subsequent work on organizing the development of changes to the interstate standard or its revision is carried out in the manner prescribed in 3.2.

5.2 Rules for the development and adoption of changes to the interstate standard

5.2.1 A change to the interstate standard for products is developed if it is necessary to replace (modify) or exclude its individual provisions or their fragments, if this does not entail a violation of the interchangeability of products manufactured according to the amended standard with products manufactured according to the interstate standard of adding to it change, and also does not lead to a violation of compatibility with other products with which products made to the standard were compatible before the change was made.

A change to the interstate standard for a control method is developed if the introduced change does not affect the reproducibility of the test results (measurements, analysis, determinations) obtained using this method.

For other types of interstate standards, a change to the standard is developed if its volume does not exceed 20% of the volume of the standard.

Note - If necessary, simultaneously with the development of changes to the interstate standard, work is carried out to develop changes to interstate standards related to it.

5.2.2 A change to an interstate standard of only an editorial (linguistic) and / or reference nature in the form of an independent document, as a rule, is not developed, but included in the change, the need for which is due to the replacement and / or exclusion of certain provisions of the standard, or drawn up in the form corrections (see 5.4).

An exception is the case when an interstate standard gives a normative reference to another interstate standard that has been canceled without replacement. In this case, a change is made to the first standard in order to exclude from it the provision in which this reference is given, or to modify it by including the missing requirement (rule).

5.2.3 If three changes have already been made to the interstate standard, then the next change is not developed, but the revision of this standard is carried out in accordance with 5.3. A revision of an interstate standard is also preferable if the amount of the change being made may exceed 20% of the volume of this standard or if a significant change in the name or scope of the standard is necessary.

5.2.4 Registration and presentation of the change - in accordance with GOST 1.5 (section 5). Each change made to the interstate standard is assigned the next serial number.

5.2.5 Work on making changes to the interstate standard is organized by the secretariat of the MTK. to which this object of standardization is assigned, or (in the absence of the corresponding MTK - the national body of the state - the developer of this standard). At the same time, as a developer of a change to an interstate standard, as a rule, a legal or natural person is involved, which is the developer of this standard.

5.2.6 The development and adoption of changes to the interstate standard is carried out in compliance with the rules established in sections 3 and 4 for draft standards, with the following additions:

In the explanatory note to the change project, instead of describing the object and aspect of standardization, they give a description of the change being introduced, as well as a feasibility study, social or other justification for the feasibility of making this change and a description of the expected effectiveness of its implementation, but do not include information about international and European standards, if the introduced the change is not due to the need to harmonize this interstate standard at the international or regional level:

The explanatory note provides information on in which states - parties to the Agreement apply the variable interstate standard, and also reflects the content of the proposals of these states to update this standard;

Two months are provided for consideration of the first draft of the draft amendments and preparation of comments;

In justified cases (for example, when the introduction of a change is due to the need to replace any provision with a normative reference to an adopted interstate standard), it is allowed to place its first edition in the AIS IGU as the final edition;

The change to the interstate standard is considered adopted in the AIS IGU. if at least three-quarters of the national authorities of the states voted for the adoption of this change.

The national authorities that voted against the adoption of the amendment to the interstate standard in the proposed edition decide on the application of this standard on the territory of their states, taking into account the inexpediency of the simultaneous application in the state party to the Agreement of the standard with and without the adopted amendment, and also taking into account the need to apply the amended standard upon delivery products to States whose national authorities have voted to accept the change to this standard.

5.2.7 Changes to the most important fundamental interstate standards on the methodology of interstate standardization, affecting the interests of all states - parties to the Agreement, as a rule, are adopted at a meeting of the IGU. At the same time, a change to such a standard is considered adopted only with a positive vote of all members of the council participating in the meeting.

5.2.8 Registration and accounting of the adopted change to the interstate standard, including registration of the change file, updating the electronic catalog "Interstate standards" published on the website of the IGU. as well as placing the text of this change in the AIS IGU at the "Edition" stage is carried out by the Standards Bureau in accordance with the rules adopted by the IGU.

In 8 justified cases, instead of publishing the text of the change, a new publication of the interstate standard is carried out, including this and all previous changes and / or amendments to this standard.

5.2.9 The change to the interstate standard is put into effect on the territory of the states applying this standard, in accordance with the rules established in GOST 1.0 (subclause 8.4).

5.3 Rules for carrying out work on the revision of the interstate standard

5.3.1 Revision of the interstate standard is carried out if it is necessary to significantly change its content (more than 20% of the volume), structure and / or name of this standard. as well as when establishing new and / or more progressive requirements in it, if this leads to the following consequences:

Violation of interchangeability with products manufactured before the introduction of these requirements;

Incompatibility with other products with which products manufactured according to this standard were compatible before the introduction of new requirements:

Impact on the reproducibility of test results (measurements, analysis, determinations) carried out according to the revised standard and the previous standard.

Note - If necessary, simultaneously with the revision of this standard, work is carried out to develop changes to related standards or work to revise them.

5.3.2 The revision of the interstate standard is organized by the secretariat of the ITC, to which this standardization object is assigned, or (in the absence of the corresponding ITC) the national body of the state to which this standard is assigned. At the same time, as a developer of a new version of this standard, as a rule, a legal or natural person is involved, which is the developer of this standard.

5.3.3 When revising the interstate standard, a new standard is developed to replace the current one. At the same time, the development and adoption of an interstate standard is carried out in compliance with the rules established in sections 3 and 4. with the following additions;

The new version of the interstate standard is considered adopted based on the results of voting in the AIS IGU. if at least three-quarters of the national authorities of the states that took part in the vote voted for its adoption (including the national authority of the state-developer). but not less than four;

The national authorities of the states applying the interstate standard, which voted against the adoption of the new version of this standard in the proposed edition, decide on the continuation of the application of the previous version of this standard as a national standard, taking into account the need to use the new version of this interstate standard when supplying products to states whose national authorities voted in favor of this new version.

5.3.4 In the explanatory note to the draft interstate standard being developed, a feasibility study, social or other justification for the expediency of revising this standard and a brief description of the revision, as well as a description of the expected effectiveness from the application of the new version of the standard instead of its previous version, are given. At the same time, it is allowed not to provide information about international and regional standards in the explanatory note, if the revision of the current standard is not due to the need to harmonize this interstate standard at the international or regional level.

5.3.5 When revising the previously existing interstate standard, it is canceled, and in the new version of this standard (in the preface) it is indicated, instead of which standard it has been developed. When assigning the designation of a new version of the interstate standard, its registration number is retained, after which four digits are given (separating the dash) indicating the year of adoption and / or registration of the new version of the standard.

5.3.6 The interstate standard adopted to replace the existing standard is put into effect in accordance with GOST 1.0 (clauses 8.3.1-8.3.4).

5.4 Rules for amending the interstate standard

5.4.1 If, when applying an interstate standard, it is revealed that it is necessary to make corrections to its official edition to eliminate typos, errors or editorial inaccuracies made in the preparation of the standard for this edition, then any user of this standard can send a proposal to make an appropriate amendment to the standard to the national authority of his state.

It should be borne in mind that the volume of the amendment should not exceed one page. In terms of content, the amendment should not have the character of a change to the standard. In particular, it is not allowed to introduce new paragraphs, subparagraphs, tables, graphics, formulas or applications by amendments.

5.4.2 By amending the interstate standard, information can be entered on the accession of the state to this standard, as well as information on the termination of the application of this standard in the state party to the Agreement unilaterally.

5.4.3 The amendment to the interstate standard is sent electronically to the Standards Bureau for posting on the information board of the AIS IGU.

5.4.4 Notification of the placement of the amendment on the AIS IGU information board is sent by e-mail to the national authorities of the States Parties to the Agreement.

6 Rules for carrying out work on the abolition of interstate standards

6.1 The Interstate Standard is canceled in the following cases:

When developing a replacement standard for another interstate standard (standards);

In connection with the termination of production (provision of services or other processes),

carried out under this standard in all states that have applied this standard:

Upon termination of the application of this standard unilaterally in all states that applied it:

In other cases, when the standard has lost its relevance due to a change in the direction of work on interstate standardization in this area

6.2 State authorities, national TCs. enterprises, organizations, other business entities, public associations and citizens of the state in which the interstate standard is applied, send proposals for the abolition of this standard to the national body of their state.

6.3 The national body, in accordance with the procedure established by it, organizes the consideration of received proposals for the abolition of the interstate standard and determines the feasibility of implementing these proposals, and if it agrees with them, sends a proposal to abolish this standard to the secretariat of the MTC. to which this standard is assigned, or in its absence - to the national authority of the state to which this standard is assigned.

6.4 The secretariat of the ITC (the national body of the state), which is assigned to the interstate standard, analyzes the proposal to cancel this standard, evaluates the feasibility of implementing this proposal and, in agreement with it, places an explanatory note in the AIS IGU justifying the expediency of canceling the standard. However, to consider this proposal. usually given a three-month period.

6.5 Authorized representatives of the states - members of the ITC (and in the absence of the ITC - the national authorities of the states in which the interstate standard is applied) organize the consideration of the proposal to cancel this standard in their states within the period provided for this.

Based on the results of consideration in the states in which the interstate standard is used. proposals to abolish this standard, the national authorities of these states vote on this proposal.

6.6 An interstate standard is considered canceled if all voting national bodies of the states in which this standard is applied (regardless of membership in the ITC) voted for its cancellation in the AIS IGU. At the same time, the national authorities of states in which the standard is not applied must abstain when voting on a proposal to abolish this standard.

6.7 Closing the case of the canceled interstate standard, updating the electronic catalog "Interstate standards" published on the IGU website. and sending official information about the abolition of the standard to the national authorities of the states that applied this standard is carried out in the manner established by the IGU.

7 Rules for developing, adopting, updating and canceling rules

7.1 The rules for interstate standardization (hereinafter referred to as the rules) are developed, if necessary, to specify (detail) certain provisions of the fundamental interstate standards on the methodology of interstate standardization, as well as if it is inappropriate to develop such standards, if the established provisions determine the procedure for interaction between national bodies and the Standards Bureau in work in the field of interstate standardization and in other areas of activity of the IGU.

7.2 Recommendations on interstate standardization (hereinafter - recommendations) are developed, if it is expedient to preliminary check in practice, organizational and methodological provisions that have not yet become established, have not yet become standard, in the field of methodology of interstate standardization and other activities of the IGU. that is, until the relevant standards or regulations are adopted.

7.3 The development of rules and recommendations is carried out by decision of the IGU or recommendations of the relevant scientific and technical commission of the IGU based on proposals from national bodies or the Bureau for Standards based on the work program for interstate standardization. At the same time, all states-participants of the Agreement are considered to be interested in the rules (recommendations).

7.4 Construction, presentation, design and designation of rules and recommendations - according to GOST 1.5.

7.6 The development of rules and recommendations is carried out by organizations specializing in the field of methodology of interstate standardization and other types of activities of the IGU. or directly by the Bureau of Standards (in accordance with the functions assigned to it).

7.8 The development of rules and recommendations is carried out in the manner prescribed by 3.1.8. 3.1.9. 3.2-3.4 for draft interstate standards. At the same time, the draft rules (recommendations) are placed in the AIS IGU for consideration, if necessary, finalized, sent for publishing editing, discussed at a meeting of the relevant scientific and technical commission, and then considered and adopted at a meeting of the IGU. Adoption of recommendations by voting in the AIS IGU is allowed.

7.9 The Rules are considered adopted if all national bodies of the states-participants of the Agreement that participate in the meeting of the IGU or sent voting ballots in accordance with 4.6.3 voted for the adoption in the AIS IGU.

7.10 Recommendations are considered accepted if at least three-quarters of the national authorities of the states parties to the Agreement who attended the meeting of the IGU voted for the adoption in the AIS IGU. or sent ballot papers in accordance with C4.6.3. or voted in the AIS IGU.

7.11 The Standards Bureau registers the adopted rules (recommendations) in accordance with the procedure established by the IGU SGP 48-2002 Procedure for the exchange of documents in electronic format

(2] SGP 22-2004 Rules for the development of a program of work on interstate standardization

(3] Rules of Procedure of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification

(4] SGP 03-2011 Procedure for registration, publication and provision of interstate regulatory documents

tami for standardization

UDC 006.05:006.354 MKS 01.120

Key words: interstate standards; rules and recommendations on interstate standardization; rules for the development, consideration, adoption, updating, change, revision, cancellation

Editor A.A. Milrchzko*

Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Proofreader M.v. beech computer-aided layout A N. Zolo/pareeoi

Handed over to the set 01/13/201B. Signed for publication on February 11, 2016. Format 60. Headset Arial. Uel. oven l. 2.32. Uch.-guide. 1.80. Circulation 175 eq. Eac. 402.

position and name of the developer organization

Developer of the standard and/or

summary writer feedback _

job title

personal signature initials, surname

Information about international documents that are not international standards is given in GOST 1.3 (Appendix B).

Except for the case of initiative development at the expense of own funds and forces.

National body or organization authorized by it to work in AIS IGU. Standards Bureau or ITC secretariat.

National authorities of states that do not apply this standard should abstain in voting on the adoption of a change to it.

If this standard does not contain instructions for the repair or maintenance of this product.

If a summary of reviews is compiled based on the results of consideration of the second edition of the draft standard, then the name of this edition is indicated. Based on the results of consideration of the final version of the draft standard, instead of a summary of reviews, a summary of comments and proposals (if any) is posted in the AIS IGU along with ballots when voting against the adoption of this standard in this edition.

Published and printed by FSUE kSTANDARTINFORM. 123905 Moscow, Granatny per., 4. www.90stinfo.1u