Reservoirs - what is it? Types of reservoirs and their inhabitants. Presentation for elementary grades on the topic "reservoirs" What do reservoirs eat
Water is one of the most important components of the natural landscape. Almost no landscape park can do without the construction of a reservoir and a fountain, sometimes streams.
- Water is one of the most important components of the natural landscape. Almost no landscape park can do without the construction of a reservoir and a fountain, sometimes streams.
- The reservoir in the garden, in addition to its main function, also affects the microclimate of the territory, reducing the air temperature and increasing its humidity, which is especially appreciated on hot summer days.
- Ponds are made using non-toxic materials. You can even arrange impromptu fishing with friends in them! A well-planned artificial pond is the beauty of any garden. An ideal addition to any garden pond is a well-made and landscaped stream, which is designed in accordance with the design of the garden. In addition, it will help to purify and oxygenate the water, providing the inhabitants of the pond with favorable conditions for life. During the construction of reservoirs, either PVC film or clay is used, with which the bottom of the reservoir is lined, the reservoir is decorated with stones from above, and the coastal zone is decorated with aquatic plants.
- A concrete waterproofing pond is a traditional type of garden pond, usually large, square or oval in shape. Many today consider concrete to be the best material, despite the laboriousness of creating such a pond. More modern and simple in terms of implementing the idea of an artificial reservoir are rigid forms. But when buying such a form, it is worth remembering that in a garden it will seem much smaller than in a store. In addition, the price of the finished form is directly related to its quality. A free-form pond can be built with a flexible insulating material - a waterproof sheet that easily takes the shape of a dug hole.
- The larger the volume of water in a reservoir, the more it is populated by aquatic plants, the more intense the movement of water in it, the more likely it is that a natural biological balance will be established in it. But in most cases, to maintain the purity of water in a reservoir and create normal conditions for the life of fish and plants, one has to resort to the use of special equipment (filters, ultraviolet lamps) or the use of biologically active substances to control water quality in reservoirs.
- Filters carry out three types of cleaning: - mechanical (from suspension, silt and debris) - using sponges and nets; - chemical - with the help of natural adsorbents poured into the filter; - biological - with the help of beneficial bacteria populated in special filter chambers.
- Tall mini pond
- Mini pond.
- Stages of construction of a pond, artificial reservoir
- Departure to the area, determination of the purpose and nature of the object.
- 2. Preliminary design, budgeting for materials and work.
- 3. Digging a pit.
- 4. The device of engineering systems.
- 5. Arrangement of a bed of a reservoir, a pond (preparatory work before waterproofing).
- 6. Waterproofing works using a geomembrane (one-piece welded or glued waterproof PVC fabric, Butyl rubber, Polyethylene - in the common people a film for a pond).
- 7. Decoration of the bowl of the reservoir (natural stone is used over the entire area of the bowl).
- 8. Installation of filtering equipment (pumps, compressors, filters, aerators, etc.).
- 9. Installation of decorating equipment (lights, fountains, etc.).
- 10. Construction of small architectural forms (cascade, waterfall, grotto, fountain).
- 11. Decorative design of the coastline of a pond, reservoir (a conditional line along the water's edge with a width of 0.5 m).
- 12. Planting aquatic and coastal plants.
- 13. Stocking of an artificial reservoir, pond (both ornamental and commercial fish are used, such as trout, sterlet, carp).
- 14. Putting the reservoir into operation with the issuance of instructions for care and seasonal conservation.
- Types of reservoirs
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Slides captions:
Guess the riddles: A little trembling in the breeze A ribbon in the open, A narrow tip in a spring, And a wide one in the sea. RIVER I run to my mother's river And I can't be silent. I am her own son, And I was born in the spring. THE STREAK Wide wide, Deep deep, Day and night beats against the shore. Water is not drunk from it, Because it is not tasty - And bitter, and salty. SEA You will not pass, you will not pass - You will bypass. And you won't drink water With a bluish film. SWAMP Young birch trees In front of him Straighten their hair. And the month, and the stars - Everything is reflected in it ... What is this mirror called? POND
Call it in one word. RIVER SEA SWAMP POND STREAM Reservoirs. What other reservoirs are there? LAKE OCEAN CANAL RESERVOIR
Explain the diagram. WATER BODIES Natural Artificial? Created by nature Created by man Give examples of bodies of water for each group. River, sea, lake, ocean, swamp. Pond, canal, reservoir
Pair work. Discuss why people create artificial reservoirs.
Ponds are created for breeding fish and waterfowl.
Canals are created to shorten water routes and to redirect the flow of water.
Reservoirs are created to accumulate and store water for the purpose of its use in the national economy.
Textbook work. Read the text "Parts of the River" on page 81 of the textbook. What parts of the river did you learn about? Source Channel Bank Mouth Part of the river.
Parts of the river. What is the beginning of a river called? Source What is the mouth of a river? The place where a river flows into another river, lake or sea is called a mouth. Mouth What is a river bed? A channel is a depression through which a river flows. The river has right and left banks. How to define them? If you look towards the flow of the river, then the right bank will be on the right, and the left bank on the left. Right bank Left bank On its way the river meets other rivers and streams that flow into it and give their water. They are called tributaries. Left tributary Right tributary
In the summer, the heroes of our textbook Seryozha and Nadia, together with their dad, visited the country. They examined the local rivers Neznanka and Osetrik, as well as Lake Krugloye. The children drew up a diagram of the location of the lake and rivers.
Pair work. Where does the Neznanka river flow? Where does the Osetrik river flow? Which river is a tributary? Determine the direction of the flow of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers. Look at the diagram on page 82 of your textbook and answer the questions.
Examination. The Neznanka River flows into ... Lake Krugloye. The Osetrik River flows into ... the Neznanka River. The tributary is ... the Osetrik river. Show the direction of the flow of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers.
Think! How is a river different from a lake? A lake is a natural reservoir with stagnant water. A river is a permanent stream.
Check yourself. What is the source of a river? The source of the river is its beginning. Show on the diagram the sources of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers. Show on the diagram the right bank of the Neznanka River. What is the mouth of a river? A mouth is a place where a river flows into another river, lake or sea. Show on the diagram the mouth of the Neznanka and Osetrik rivers. Show on the diagram the left bank of the Neznanka River.
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Reservoirs are natural or artificial accumulations of water that can be of a permanent or temporary nature, decorative purpose and be equipped in parks and gardens. The flow of water bodies is slow or absent.
Rivers are classified as watercourses because they have a constant, sometimes strong, current.
Natural water bodies: lakes
Ponds are fresh water bodies. To simplify the outflow of excess water, artificial drains are formed. Ponds are often found in rural areas. Here they have a certain economic role - breeding fish, storing water for irrigation, sometimes washing.
There are two types of ponds: dug and dam. Inhabitants of reservoirs - protozoa, algae, fish. They create special ponds for breeding valuable fish species - trout, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon. Reservoirs are specially cleaned, they form their own ecosystem in them.
Importance of reservoirs
Reservoirs are artificial reservoirs formed to store water on an industrial scale. Allocate channel and lake reservoirs, depending on the origin. They can also be covered, open and dammed.
The world's largest Rybinsk - in Russia, Smallwood - in Canada, Nasser - in Egypt and Sudan. The creation of such reservoirs has huge consequences, but not always positive ones. The main one is a radical change in the landscape. This applies to both fauna and flora. They have a negative impact on the conditions for spawning fish.
Not the best consequence of the creation of such reservoirs is the silting of reservoirs. The process is the formation of large sediments, sediment at the bottom. while decreasing. This process has been studied in detail because it harms the ecosystem. Inhabitants of reservoirs at the same time can change.
Where do old people come from?
The oxbow lakes, as natural reservoirs, are part of the channel where the river used to flow. Another name is old river. Such reservoirs often have a bizarre shape - a sickle or crescent, a loop, a curl. How are old people formed? The formation process occurs when, due to any reason, the channel straightens, and the former curl or curvature remains cut off from the main reservoir. The main reason is the high water, when the river finds a more convenient way.
Sometimes the bends of one river unite - this is how oxbow lakes can also form. Such a process takes place in the presence of a large number of sleeves. The entrances to the oxbow lake are gradually filled with silt, and the reservoir itself turns into a lake or swamp. In the presence of power, it can function, in the absence - to dry out. The largest oxbow lakes can be over 500 meters long.
What do ponds feed on?
The type of food is one of the main characteristics of a reservoir. It can characterize its structure and functions.
How can ponds be fed? Firstly, external surface runoff - rain, other hydro facilities. Secondly, which can come close to the surface. Thirdly, artificially - the basin of the reservoir is filled forcibly. Fourthly, replenishment with waters of the combined type.
Groundwater supply is the most environmentally friendly because it is clean. If the lake has such a supply, then duckweed and ooze will form less often in it. The most common type of food is combined.
The guarantee of constant filling with water is the forced implementation of this process. Fill the reservoir with either tap or irrigation water. The most frequent meals are combined. Its sources can be rain, melted snow, groundwater and much more.
Reservoirs and their location on the ground
Reservoirs are hydro facilities located in a certain area. Where can they form? Places of formation, for example, lakes, can be. A reservoir can be dammed or dug. The food is usually supplied from the river. Slope, watershed, floodplain reservoirs are formed on the relief. In such cases, the relief of the lake or pond is clearly visible.
In the floodplain, reservoirs are formed with underground feeding, combined, channel. They can be formed in the oxbow lake, where the locks are installed. A dam and pumps can also be located here in order to use such a reservoir in industry.
Slope reservoirs are formed on the territory of river valley terraces. They differ from others only in some design features.
Dividing ponds are arranged in watershed areas. They can feed on groundwater or artificially. Forced water can be supplied from a river, a well.
There are also reservoirs in embankments or recesses. They are quite widespread, they are easy to form and organize their food. They can be of any size. They are quite expensive to build.
In embankments, reservoirs serve mainly to store water. Such an object can become the basis for a hydroelectric power station.
Creation of a decorative reservoir
Decorative pond - what is it? This is an artificial water object that performs the function of decorating the site, forming its complete look. Most often, the owners of private houses and summer cottages come to the idea of creating a decorative reservoir.
Artificial ponds are beautiful and stylish. What do you need to know to successfully create such a site decoration?
Creating a pond with your own hands is a feasible task for everyone. The shape, design of such a cozy corner of the garden can be very diverse. An artificial pond will perfectly fit into any landscape, it can become its constructive dominant.
To begin with, choose a place not very close to home (it is better to consult with landscape design specialists). Close proximity to the house can harm the foundation.
You need to create a project. To do this, determine the shape of the reservoir: an oval, a rectangle or an intricate figure. The project will allow you to determine the costs, materials, location of filtration systems. Next, you should choose high-quality materials - the durability and beauty of the pond depend on them.
When everything is selected and purchased, proceed. Preferably not by yourself, but with the help of qualified specialists. The final stage is the design of plants. This will complete the image of the perfect pond. You will get a chic pond - the photo below represents one of the possible options for your garden.
Conclusion
Reservoirs, natural or artificial, are functional but can also be the perfect, beautiful addition to your garden design.
An aesthetic pond near your home will allow you to express your individuality and emphasize the style of the garden. Especially popular is the creation of such elements in the Japanese, classical, rustic style. The main thing is to correctly arrange the pond. Sometimes fish live in such reservoirs. The presence of the inhabitants of such miniature lakes is a matter of taste for the owners of the garden.