The most dangerous animals in the world: poisonous tree frogs. Red-eyed tree frog description report abstract information message photo presentation Toad with red eyes
The red-eyed tree frog lives in South and Central America: in Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Nicaragua, Panama and Colombia.
The species was described by Cope in 1862. The Latin name of the red-eyed tree frog translates as "beautiful tree nymph."
Description of the red-eyed tree frog
Females are larger than males: the body length of females reaches 7.5 centimeters, and males - no more than 5.6 centimeters.
The red-eyed tree frog has a slender build. The body is covered with smooth skin. The main color of the body is green, on the sides of the body and on the base of the paws there is a blue color with a yellow pattern. The belly is cream or white, and the toes are orange. The coloration of red-eyed tree frogs may vary within their range. Certain individuals have small white spots in the back of the body.
The fingers are short, with pads at their tips, so red-eyed tree frogs climb more often than swim. The head is rounded, the eyes are large red with vertical pupils. The eyes are protected by a nictitating membrane that prevents dust from entering.
It is noteworthy that in Panama, juveniles are able to change color: during the day their bodies are green, and at night they turn red-brown or crimson. The eyes of the young are not red, but yellow.
The red-eyed tree frog is also called the "tree nymph". Lifestyle of red-eyed tree frogs
The main habitats of these tree frogs are foothill and lowland tropical forests, which most often grow on the banks of water bodies. These tree frogs live in the middle or upper tier of the forest, and settle there on lianas and plant leaves.
Tree frogs are nocturnal, and in the daytime they sleep on the underside of the leaves, hiding from predators. When the tree frog is resting, a transparent membrane covers its eyes, while the frog can see. If she is in danger, she instantly opens her eyes and confuses the predator with her bright red color. These seconds are enough for the frog to instantly hide.
The main enemies of red-eyed tree frogs are snakes (mainly parrot snakes), small mammals, birds and tree lizards. The average life expectancy of the red-eyed tree frog is 3-5 years.
The bright color of the red-eyed tree frog scares off predators. Tadpoles are eaten by fish, turtles and various arthropods. And caviar is an object of food for wasps, cat-eyed snakes, fly larvae, monkeys and other living organisms. In addition, caviar dies from exposure to a fungal infection.
Red-eyed tree frogs, like other frogs, are carnivores. They feed on a variety of beetles, mosquitoes, flies, spiders, lepidoptera, frogs and small lizards, meaning they will eat any prey that fits in their mouths.
Red-eyed tree frogs are able to swim, they have a good sense of touch and have parabolic vision. At night, the tree frog wakes up, stretches and yawns.
Although red-eyed tree frogs have a frightening bright coloration, they are not poisonous, but their skin contains a large number of different peptides: caerulein, tachykinin and bradykinin.
In fact, red-eyed tree frogs are non-poisonous frogs. Reproduction of red-eyed tree frogs
In the wet season, with the arrival of rains, tree frogs start breeding. The peak of activity falls on May-November. Mature males have resonator sacs, thanks to which they can make loud sounds.
Listen to the voice of the red-eyed tree frog
Competing with each other, males sing, thereby attracting a female. On dry nights they make sounds from the plants, and on rainy nights they sing on the ground, sitting at the base of the bushes.
When a female approaches a male whose song attracted her, several males pounce on her at the same time. Then the female, with one male sitting on her back, descends into the water, and stays in the water for about 10 minutes, absorbing water through the skin. One female lays 30-50 eggs. The eggs are green, 3.7 millimeters in diameter, and by the time the larvae emerge, they increase in diameter to 5.2 millimeters. Outside, the eggs are covered with an elastic gelatinous membrane that performs a protective function, since thanks to it the eggs become inconspicuous.
When the eggs are laid, the female returns to the water, where she restores the water balance. In one season, the female manages to mate with several partners and make about 5 clutches.
The incubation process takes 6-10 days. If the tadpoles are in danger, for example, a wasp attacked the clutch, or the pond is flooded, then they come out several days ahead of schedule. Most often, tadpoles from one clutch hatch at the same time, and the liquid released from the eggs washes them all into the water.
Agalychnis callidryas
1,500 - 6,000 rubles
(Agalychnis callidryas)
Class - Amphibians
Squad - Tailless
Family - Frogs
Genus - Bright-eyed tree frogs
Appearance
Small brightly colored animals with large bright red eyes with vertical pupils. The body length of females is up to 7.7 cm, males up to 5.9 cm. The coloration is from light to dark green, the sides are dark blue with purple or brownish and yellow or cream vertical and diagonal stripes, the belly is white. The shoulders and thighs are blue or orange, the fingers (except the outer ones) along with the pads are orange. Sometimes there are faint dark green lines on the back (especially in individuals from Nicaragua and Costa Rica) or small white spots. The average number of stripes on the sides of frogs of different populations increases from north to south from 5 in Mexico to 9 in Panama.
Habitat
Distributed in the south of Mexico (Yucatan) and in Central America, up to Panama. One meeting is known in a botanical garden in northern Colombia. It lives in humid tropical forests, mainly in the lowlands, but sometimes in the foothills up to a height of 1,250 m.
In nature
Leads a nocturnal lifestyle. Red-eyed tree frogs can swim, have parabolic vision and a good sense of touch. During the day, frogs sleep on the underside of green leaves, hiding from predators.
While resting, their eyes are covered with a translucent membrane that does not prevent the frogs from seeing. If a predator attacks a red-eyed tree frog, it sharply opens its eyes and their bright red color confuses the attacker. At the moment when the predator froze, the frog runs away.
When night falls, tree frogs wake up, yawn and stretch.
Despite their bright frightening color, red-eyed tree frogs are not poisonous, but their skin contains a large amount of active peptides (tachykinin, bradykinin, caerulein and demorphin).
reproduction
They breed during the rainy season (late May to November). Mating occurs throughout the season, but is especially common in June and October. At this time, males make aggressive calls to distance other males and calls to attract females. The dominant frequency of the emitted sounds ranges from 1.5-2.5 kHz. Vocalization begins with the onset of twilight and is especially intensified during rain. The clutch consists of about 40 green eggs, each of which is surrounded by a transparent mucous membrane. The size of the eggs varies from 3.7 mm when hatching to 5.2 mm before hatching. The total body length of tadpoles in the last stages of development is about 4.8 cm.
Red-eyed tree frogs are not whimsical in content and are suitable for beginners.
Type - vertical, from above closed by a mesh cover.
Dimensions: from 80 liters (for a pair of adult tree frogs), at least 60x30x40 cm.
Substrate (): coconut fiber, paper towels or soil (with a top layer of live moss, because dry moss rots easily, which creates conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria). If soil is used as a substrate, then its thickness should be 10-15 cm.
The terrarium is inspected and cleaned every day. Once every 2-3 weeks, a complete cleaning and disinfection of all decor items is carried out.
Temperature: daytime - 24-26"C, nighttime - 20-22"C.
: using a heating pad with a thermostat.
: Red-eyed tree frogs do not like bright lights, especially white lights. Because These are nocturnal animals, then LB fluorescent lamps are used for lighting at night.
Humidity: not lower than 75%. One to three times a day, plants and the substrate are sprayed with fresh water.
Plants: The terrarium should have plenty of live plants, such as non-thorny bromeliads, creepers, tropical ferns, philodendrons, and epipremnums.
In addition to plants, driftwood, branches, creepers, stones, waterfalls, hollow pipes for climbing are placed in the terrarium. Make sure that decor items are not with sharp edges. The background of the back wall is made dark.
Pond: a bowl of water (5-7 cm deep) where tree frogs will bathe. The water is changed every day.
With a red-eyed tree frog, you can give any soft invertebrates that fit in her mouth: cockroaches, crickets, fruit flies, flies, beetles and their larvae, earthworms, wax moth larvae, small silkworms, springtails, locusts, night butterflies. Adults can eat newborn mice, small reptiles and amphibians.
Frogs are fed at night, food is placed on a saucer.
Feeding frequency: adults - 3-6 insects every two to three days, young (growing) - every day.
Water must be spring or bottled. Changes every day.
Mineral supplements/vitamins: for adult insect frogs, sprinkle with calcium and vitamins every 2-4 feedings, for young ones - 2-3 times a week.
One terrarium can contain up to five red-eyed tree frogs.
Males are not aggressive except during the breeding season.
Breeding is difficult, and charionic gonadotropin is often needed for stimulation.
To stimulate reproduction, an artificial winter is arranged, with an increase in humidity to 70-90% and a decrease in temperature to 21-23 "C. After 1-2 months, the temperature begins to gradually rise. The male and female are moved to a terrarium. 3 days.
The breeding terrarium is divided into two halves: water (a reservoir up to 13 cm deep with an internal filter, there should be a gentle exit to land from the reservoir) and land (with a large number of living plants hanging over the water). The water temperature is 25.5-26.7 "C. Since the tadpoles of the red-eyed tree frog are carnivorous, they are sorted as they grow, kept individually or in small groups.
When oodinium is damaged, gray dots appear on the tree frog's body. In this case, the tree frog is placed in distilled water for a while, and the terrarium is washed and disinfected. If this does not help, the tree frog is bathed in weak chamomile tea for an hour.
Red-eyed tree frogs must be examined for various injuries and skin lesions. If they are found, they are treated with a solution of dioxidine and sprinkled with powdered streptocide.
Life expectancy in captivity is up to 10 years.
These arboreal amphibians live in Central America. Prefer rainforests near river banks. They feel very good on trees, climbing them higher from the ground.
Appearance
The length of the tree frog is 4 - 7 cm, females are larger than males. Perhaps these are the most beautiful amphibians. The bright color of the tree frog camouflages it well in the abundant foliage among the riot of colors. In addition, at night, the camouflage changes to match the surrounding nature and is not visible at all. The top is painted bright green, the sides are blue, the belly is white. Legs are long and orange.
Each finger has a disk that secretes a sticky liquid. Having such devices, she easily climbs and descends the trees. Disks like suckers keep the tree frog even on the leaves upside down. She is also an excellent jumper, easily jumping from branch to branch or leaf, covering a distance of about 1 meter.
The eyes are large, red in color with a vertical pupil. The nictitating membrane protects the eyes from dust and provides moisture. The red-eyed tree frog moves well both on firmament and in water.
Lifestyle. Nutrition
It is nocturnal and sees well in the dark. To search for food descends to the ground. The red-eyed tree frog feeds on insects. It catches them not only with a sticky tongue, but can also grab them with its front paws. This is a real hunter, very dexterous, rarely misses. During the day, she hides in the leaves, climbing to the tops of trees, and sleeps there. In drought, it sits on the underside of the leaf. During this period, they are silent, but after the rains, they actively and loudly croak.
reproduction
The mating season begins during the rainy season, which lasts from June to November. Males sit on branches above the water and sing their inviting songs. Also, intonation warns rivals that the place is occupied. The female can lay 1 - 3 clutches on the leaves of trees in one night. In one clutch there are about 40 eggs, each surrounded by a mucous membrane.
After 5 - 10 days, tadpoles appear, which fall into the water, where their further development takes place (21 - 60 days). Having taken the form of an adult, young tree frogs leave the aquatic environment and climb trees.
Species: Agalychnis callidryas = Red-eyed tree frog
(Red-eyed tree frog, Beautiful tree nymph).
The red-eyed tree frog was described in 1862 by Cope. And its Latin specific name comes from the Greek words - kallos (beautiful) and dryas (tree nymph).
The range of the red-eyed tree frog occupies Central and South America. It is noted in such countries as Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Belize, Colombia, Panama.
Their main habitats are lowland and foothill tropical rainforests, usually located nearby or on the banks of water bodies. The red-eyed tree frog inhabits the upper and middle tiers of trees. Here tree frogs settle on the leaves of epiphytic plants and vines.
The red-eyed tree frog has a slender body covered with smooth skin. The main tone of the body color is green, and on the sides of the body and at the base of the paws it is blue with a yellow pattern, the fingers are orange. The belly is white or cream. The coloration varies within the range. Some individuals have small white spots on the back.
It is noted that in Panama, young tree frogs can change their color: in the daytime they are green, and at night they turn purple or red-brown. The eyes of young individuals are not red, but yellow.
The toes are short, with suckers on thick pads. Therefore, the fingers of the red-eyed tree frog are adapted more for climbing than for swimming. The head is rounded with large red eyes and a vertical pupil. The eyes have a nictitating membrane that protects the eye from foreign objects. 
In the red-eyed tree frog, females are somewhat larger than males: they reach 7.5 cm, while males - 5.6 cm.
The red-eyed tree frog is nocturnal. During the day, frogs sleep on the underside of green leaves, thus hiding from various predators.
While resting, their eyes are covered with a translucent membrane that does not prevent the frogs from seeing. If a predator attacks a red-eyed tree frog, it sharply opens its eyes and their bright red color confuses the attacker. At the moment when the predator froze, the frog runs away.
The main enemies of the red-eyed tree frog are snakes, in particular parrot snakes (Leptophis ahaetulla), as well as some tree lizards, birds, small mammals (including bats). Despite this, the average life expectancy is 3-5 years.
Tadpoles are preyed upon by large arthropods (such as water spiders), fish, and turtles. Red-eyed tree frog eggs are readily eaten by cat-eyed snakes (Leptodeira septentrionalis), wasps (Polybia rejecta), monkeys, larvae of flies Hirtodrosophila batracida, etc. In addition, eggs are often affected by fungal infections (Filamentous ascomycete, etc.).
The red-eyed tree frog, like its other tribesmen, is a carnivore. The basis of its diet consists of various animals: from insects - a variety of beetles, dipterans (all kinds of flies and mosquitoes), lepidoptera and arachnids, to small lizards and frogs, i.e. they eat whatever they can catch and what fits in their mouths.
Red-eyed tree frogs can swim, have parabolic vision and a good sense of touch. When night falls, tree frogs wake up, yawn and stretch.
Despite their bright frightening coloration, red-eyed tree frogs are not poisonous, although their skin contains a large amount of active peptides (tachykinin, bradykinin, caerulein and demorphin).
With the advent of the wet season, when the rains begin, red-eyed tree frogs begin breeding. Peak breeding within the range falls on May-November. 
Adult males have special resonator sacs that greatly amplify the sounds they produce. Males, competing with each other, actively sing, trying to attract a female. On dry rainless nights, males sing, climbing high on the plants closest to the reservoir, and during rain or when reservoirs are filled to the brim with rainwater, red-eyed frogs descend to the ground or sit at the base of small shrubs and trees and sing.
When a female, attracted by the singing of males, approaches them, then several suitors can immediately jump on her at once. As soon as amplexus occurs, the female, with the male sitting on her back, descends into the water and remains there for about ten minutes in order to absorb water through the skin. 
After that, the female begins to lay eggs one at a time, placing them on leaves hanging over the water. In total, the female lays up to 30-50 green eggs. Their diameter immediately after oviposition is about 3.7 mm, and before the larvae emerge it reaches 5.2 mm. Each egg is covered on the outside with a gelatinous, rather elastic shell, which plays a protective role, making them unattractive to many potential predators.
After the completion of the oviposition process, the female returns to the water to restore the disturbed water balance of the body. In total, during the breeding season, a female can mate with several males and lay up to five clutches of eggs.
Incubation of eggs continues depending on the temperature of 6-10 days. In some cases, when the tadpoles in the clutch that have almost completed their development are threatened by a predator (for example, an attack by a snake or a wasp) or flooding, the tadpoles leave the eggs ahead of schedule - by 4-5 days. Tadpoles usually hatch in the same clutch almost simultaneously, which allows the liquid released from the eggs to wash them off the leaf into the pond. Sometimes the tadpoles fall to the ground. In this case, they can live without water for up to 20 hours. If it rains during this time, it can wash the tadpoles into a nearby body of water.
Red-eyed tree frog larvae have external gills, while hatched tadpoles breathe through internal gills and skin.
The dorsal side of the tadpoles of the red-eyed tree frog has an olive-gray color, and their length reaches 4.8 mm. Complete metamorphosis of tadpoles is completed in 75-80 days.
Currently, the number of populations of the red-eyed tree frog is gradually declining due to active human activities that destroy their natural habitats.
Red-eyed tree frogs (lat. Agalychnis callidryas) - the owners of many advantages. First, they are beautiful. A delicate green body with blue stripes, bright orange legs, a yellow belly like a chicken and expressive red eyes make the red-eyed tree frog one of the most attractive amphibians in the world.
Secondly, unpretentious. All they need for a happy life is wet thickets along the banks of rivers and streams in the tropical forests of Central America and the presence of their favorite crickets, which are at the top of the list of food preferences for red-eyed tree frogs.
However, the business is not limited to crickets alone, and tree frogs diversify their menu with everything that they can swallow - worms, moths, flies and even small frogs.
Thirdly, they are not poisonous, and the only way they can protect themselves is to use their bright colors as camouflage. Here, tree frogs have two options to choose from - hide the bright parts of the body and remain motionless, or, conversely, move as quickly as possible, shimmering in front of the predator's eyes with all the colors of the rainbow, literally overshadowing his eyes with their beauty.
In the first case, it is enough for them to climb a tree, bend their orange legs and close the blue stripes on the sides with their feet. In this position, only the upper, green part of their body remains visible, which completely merges with the lush green foliage of tropical trees.
Their small size (up to 6 centimeters in males and up to 8 centimeters in females) makes them almost invisible to snakes, spiders, bats and birds.
Red-eyed tree frogs can live both near water bodies and in trees, but prefer to lead an arboreal lifestyle, very rarely descending to the ground. The long legs of these frogs are better suited for climbing trees than for swimming, and the suction cups on each toe make it easy to move on vertical surfaces, including wet leaves and tree trunks. For their ability to make long jumps, red-eyed tree frogs were called "monkey frogs".
The red eyes of these nocturnal amphibians have vertical pupils and are equipped with a nictitating membrane that moistens them and protects them from dust. Like the body of tree frogs, these membranes are brightly colored, but this does not prevent the frogs from seeing well in the dark. Depending on the mood or environment, red-eyed tree frogs are able to slightly modify the intensity of their coloration.
The mating season for red-eyed tree frogs begins at the height of the rainy season. Sitting on a branch, the male begins to shake it vigorously, making inviting sounds. By such behavior, he pursues two goals at once - to scare off rivals and attract the attention of a partner.
When the process of fertilization begins, the female will carry the male on her back for several hours, then pick up a convenient branch with dense foliage hanging over the water and lay her eggs.
After a few days, the eggs will develop into tadpoles and fall into the water, where they will spend from three weeks to several months until they turn into adult tree frogs and move back to a safe height.