Slang word cool. Youth slang: examples of phrases and their meaning for understanding. Zashkvar - he's a shame in decent Russian

29.06.2020

Jargons are words used by certain social or common interest groups that carry a secret meaning that is incomprehensible to everyone.

Jargon is a kind of language within a language. Strictly speaking, jargon is a kind of speech of a group of people united by a single profession (jargon of pilots, miners, sailors), occupation (jargon of athletes, collectors), etc. Youth jargon is often called slang (from the English slang) or slang (from the French argot).

In the youth environment, jargon has existed for a long time (the jargon of high school students, seminarians). The main thing in this linguistic phenomenon is a departure from everyday life, a game, irony, a mask. Uninhibited, laid-back youth jargon seeks to get away from the boring world of adults, parents and teachers. They say: Good! And we: Cool! Great! Cool! Them: That's bad luck! Us: Well, bummer! Them: It's too hard! We: Don't load me! They admire, we stick out and trudge.

Youth jargon is similar to its natives - it is sharp, loud, impudent. It is the result of a peculiar desire to change the world in a different way, as well as the sign "I am mine." The language here reflects the inner aspirations of the young brighter and stronger than clothes, hairstyles, lifestyle. Students usually change the names of academic subjects in their own way: not colloid chemistry, but cold; not linear algebra, but a ruler; not the structure of molecules, but stroymol; not mathematical analysis, but matan. Academic leave is called academic (or academic).

Youth jargon easily absorbs words from different languages (from English - shoes, bag, men, haer; from German - kopf "head"), from different dialects (take "drink", uhaidohat `tire out'), from the criminal language - cool, shmon, chaos.

Generations of the young change in five or seven years, and then the jargon changes too. No one now remembers the ratings Awesome!, Iron! "good" or ratings like Millet! "bad", so widespread in the 60-70s. 20th century New or old, jargon remains with young people as an indispensable condition for an indispensable game, as an island of naturalness and freedom in a strictly regulated world of adults, like a bauble on a hand or a hairatkin on a head. A striking feature of youth jargon is its rapid renewal. In the days of grandparents' youth, money could be called tugriks, rupees, in the time of their parents - coins, mani, today's youth use grandmas, bucks.

For example, this: “chicks”, “dudes”, “girls” have become a thing of the past. Now young people call girls "bees". If the girl is strange or drunk, then they can say about her "departed." Girls call young people "uncles". Young people are "increased steepness", but there are also "twisted", i.e. not very "cool". In light of the foregoing, it is worth quoting, probably now a fashionable saying: “Only eggs are cooler than you, only stars are higher than you.” If a company gathers, then this is called a "party". "Party" may turn out to be "crazy", i.e. | unsuccessful, or successful - "freaky" "(MK. 1992. No. 10).

Another feature of youth jargon is the limited subject matter. There are about a dozen semantic classes of names, within which there are many synonyms. These are the names of faces (dude, forehead, small, horses), body parts (lanterns, knife switch, claws), clothes and shoes (shoes, swinger, outfit), money (bucks, grandmas, piece, lemon), positive ratings (cool, cool, fly away, fall away, out), the names of some actions and states (pass out, pin, drag), etc.

Full communication in the youth environment is impossible without knowing its language.

Moreover, the swear word used by a teenager (of course, in a proper setting) can be more effective than lengthy arguments and long conversations at the right time and place.

Modern technologies push the limits of communication. For example, the advent of the Internet has allowed modern youth to “hang out” in chat rooms (from the English word chat - chatter) and thereby significantly expand their social circle. And since the bulk of those who communicate in this way are young people, it is not surprising that the corresponding norm of speech is being mastered.

The element that feeds this youth language is everything new, unconventional or rejected: the speech of music fans, music television, in particular MTV, and the speech of drug addicts, computer jargon and urban vernacular, English and thieves' slang. Each of these components has its own sphere, its own subject and at the same time represents a wide field for borrowing (do not load me - from the jargon of computer scientists; I trudge, I stick out from Decl - from the jargon of drug addicts). Elements borrowed from the literary language are rethought in a playful, ironic way: it is absolutely parallel to me, purely violet, on the drum.

For youth jargon, in addition to alienation, an emotional and playful beginning is characteristic.

The game technique used in youth jargon is the convergence of words based on sound similarity, sound transfer: for example, lemon instead of a million, soap, emel instead of e-mail (from the English word e-mail).

So, a joke, a game is a positive element of youth speech. Hardly anyone can seriously fight this.

Another important characteristic of youth speech is its "primitiveness". The association with the language of some primitive society arises when teachers observe the instability, the constant change of jargon, both in time and in space. Not having time to gain a foothold, some forms of speech give way to others: for example, the not so old slang mani (from the English word money - money) was replaced by bucks and grandmas.

Another sign of the "primitiveness" of youth jargon is the uncertainty, blurring of the meanings of the words included in it. Strmno, cool, I can be both positive and negative assessment of the situation. They treat like hell! and fir-pals!, used in jargon only as emotional exclamations, and words like crust (peel), joke, cool, ult, plague. Being used as emotional interjections, they almost completely lose their meaning, which is displaced by the emotional component of meaning, which is strongly accentuated in a certain situation. The same group includes the phrases full atas, full paragraph,

There are also jargons of certain groups of people.

Jargons of soldiers and sailors of military service: `liteha' - lieutenant, `spirit' - a soldier who serves for the first six months; jargons of schoolchildren: "teacher" - a teacher, etc.; jargons of students: "war" - classes in military training; common youth jargons: `bottleman" - a bottle; jargons of informal youth groups: `hair" - hair (the word is borrowed from English `hair" - hair), `pops" - popular music (only the concept is borrowed from English: `popular music ").

Glossary of youth slang

Alcofunk - booze

alkonaut - drunkard

cormorant - young man

tower - head

demolishes the tower - go crazy

bulkotryas - disco

bunker - cellar

boots - any footwear

bottleball - see alcofalk

thump - drink

booze - booze

understand - understand

pass out - 1) stop understanding; 2) fall asleep from fatigue

to cackle - to have fun for some reason

gopnik - punk

humanizer - police baton

drape - 1) go; 2) run away

dracha - about a vehicle that is in poor condition

drol - 1) a person who does everything wrong; 2) not a very smart person

give (catch, grab, grab) oak - 1) die; 2) get very cold

to move ideas - to submit ideas

engine - incentive, reason

move - see drive

tree - stupid person

keep (derived from the word "tear") - toastmaster, lead the holiday

rip - drink

rowdy - see rowdy

make legs - run away

Bastille Day is an extra holiday (a reason to drink)

faceted glass day - see Bastille Day

horn day - see bastille day

Jerry Lee Lewis - 1) a person who plays keyboard instruments well; 2) a person who can type quickly

dj console - kettle

wild - terrible

diskach - disco

dobromyslennik - intruder

catch up - guess, understand

get - get bored

piss off - see piss off

doo hast - an impulse to action - "Let's go!"

doo hast niht - refusal to offer doo hast

dope - marijuana

dubak - cold

muzzle - see barrel

stuffy - boring

no brainer - very obvious

Christmas trees are green - an expression of discontent

gasp - see tear

yellow house - crazy house

zhoping - a dance in which the back part of the body is most involved

to score - to drop something

fall down - come

thunder - to be in an uncomfortable position

load - see fill up

drive - sell

zadpalo - tired

crushed - sleepy, sleepy

ass - a person who is always lucky

to hold on - to hide, to be greedy for something

heal - see pinch

sourdough - the beginning of the booze

make friends - make friends with someone

mow down - see score

snack - snack

snack - see snack

fly in - 1) see thunder, 2) get pregnant

lay down - betray

hostage - a person who betrays all the time

fall - get carried away

refuel - manage

harness - see fill up

to steam - to bother

run - see sandal

to light up - to reveal oneself

catch - catch someone at an inconvenient moment

stock up - prudently acquire something

tormented - tortured

appraise - appraise

hit with stars (hang) - beat someone

green - dollars

green - see kettle

zykansko - see cool

raisin - handsome teenager

individual - a person out of the ordinary

tester - a person who drinks first during a feast

valves - see pipe

press (spin) the pedals - move

kadp - funny or strange person

buzz catch - enjoy

Kaliki - Morgaliki - any pharmacological preparations used not for treatment, but as needed

like two fingers ... - very simple, easy

like panties without an elastic band - a free, unencumbered state

turn over - wait, waste time in vain

cabbage - see grandmother

ride - laugh

roll a barrel - show aggression towards someone

cough up - catch a cold

skiff - see pipe

sour - see plump

cyborg drunkard - an alcoholic with an impressive appearance, a drunken boxer or bodybuilder

kipesh - scandal, noise, fuss

pussy is a very beautiful girl

sour - grieve

cool - great, excellent

cool - good, excellent

cool - see cool

Jim Morrison cocktail - a cocktail consisting of 50% vodka and 50% Coca-Cola

corefan - friend

sidekick - see corefan

jamb - imperfection

mow - simulate

poking around in the brain - to think

sausage, sausage - a state in which a person has fun, enjoys to the fullest

wheels - car

kolobpodit - see walk

kolotun - see dubak

commander - see carrier

comics - holidays

composter - a person who boringly, morally affects

compost brains - boring, morally influence

to walk - to go far

condybat - go

discard skates - die

dig - 1) gather slowly; 2) look for something

throw back hooves - see skates discard

roam - make excuses

stoker - a person who watches the fire, behind the fire

roofer - psychiatrist

kranty - a sad result

kurily - a place intended for smoking

kumap - large amount of smoke in the room

heap - see tusa

lover - lover

crap - not true, nonsense

mess up - see fly over

left - bad, superfluous

battle on the ice - big booze

goof - worthless person

rush - move away

fuck up - see fly over

raspberry - happiness

Matilda - affectionate name of a girlfriend

mahach - fight

loom - flicker before the eyes

event - booze

slow medical assistance - ambulance

beaker - glass

knead - to beat someone not alone

throw - throw

junior research fellow - novice alcoholic

moydodyp - washbasin

Mouzon - music

drip on brains - annoy

run into - be in a dangerous position

heat up - see chop

load - see fill up

find - find

hitting - making a claim, threat, use of violence, infringement of someone's rights

get drunk - get drunk

cover up - break down

drip - see lay

roll - write

prick - deceive

lather to get together; mean; go off

tension - difficult situation

strain - to force something to do

run into - stumble

snitch - see lay

grunt - see get drunk

to play - to do something with interest

off topic - not on time

no luck - no luck

unintentionally - a lot

not weak - good, interesting

knockout - loss of consciousness, sudden falling asleep during drinking

knockdown - continuation of drinking after a knockout

dive - hide

nook - a secluded place

fool - fool

to get stoned - to smoke, to overdrink

bummer - do not want to, laziness

break off - see fly over

slobber - slobber

stub - a young man of unattractive appearance, stupid and awkward

baptize - 1) name; 2) hit

to die - to die

knock over - see pull

swell up - get tired, get tired mentally

promptly - quickly

drop skates - die

get out - see get out

break away - see hack

back off - back off

lean back - 1) relax; 2) die

switch off - see get out

otkolupat - see nadybat

otmazyvatsya - see nomadic

soak - do something very original

buy - hit

break away - have fun

sucks - horrible, something bad

relax - have a good rest

otkhodnyak - a state of hangover

get away - get away

dumpling - see cormorant

joke - 1) an object of curiosity; 2) something or someone worthy of attention

outfit - clothes

snuggle up - adapt

cuddle up - suck up

to adjoin - see to adjoin

to attach - to attach something to something

settle down - see land on

snuggle - see snuggle

hit on something - drawn to something (to laughter, etc.)

to drive away the topic - to joke

drove - please forget this or that phrase

project - project

miss - miss the moment

fly - experience a strong sense of dissatisfaction from unfulfilled expectations register - spend a lot of time somewhere

squander - spend money

enlighten - inform about something

cut through - 1) find out; 2) understand

gingerbread - 1) greeting; 2) appeal

locomotive - railway vehicles

graze - follow

shepherd - n. from the mouth

translate arrows - justify

to move - to go very far

feathers - see topic

dumpling - see cormorant

kick the bulldozer - do nothing, engage in nonsense

peshkapus - on foot

saw - 1) go; 2) see dripping on brains

nag - morally influence

people - people

write with boiling water - to be extremely excited, to experience a strong feeling

flame - lighter

drove - nickname, nickname

to show off - to demonstrate one's superiority

get sick - about deteriorating well-being

pigsty, pigsty - a littered room

to come down - to approach

to tease - to mock someone

fuss - see fill up

tease - see tease

hit - see thunder

get in - see run into

in half, equally - all the same

hang out in the vestibule - stand with friends in the stairwell

pus - cat or dog

cannon - see barrel

nickel - nose

to breed for money - to demand money

smash - see smash

to speak - to tell

gouging - see soak

smear on the wall - hit very hard

soak - break, break

smash - see smash

shred - cut

dissect - sloppy ride

dissect - see pun

rasp - see slow-witted

play cards - play cards

turnip - see tower

tear off the turnip - see the tower demolishes

push speech - tell something

pzhat - see cackle

rodoks - see skulls

fishing - fishing and drinking at the same time

yell - shout, yell

soap dispenser - see moydodyp

rip - twitch

growl - swear

relatives, ancestors - parents

collapse from oak - go crazy

sansei - teacher

dump - leave

litter - litter

hang down - 1) steal; 2) call

holy sausages - an exclamation expressing great surprise

chase - run after something

make a goat face - show a face

separator - about the device, device of unknown origin

cigarette - smoke

jump - jump from something high

CD player - CD player

draft in the attic - wind in the head

to assemble - to collect, to combine into a single whole

fly off - see round up

to fly off the coils - to completely unbelt

cream of society - about a group of bad people

savor - see the thrill of catching

delicious - see cool

to hide - to hide

scoop - poorly understanding person

to escort - to escort

lifebuoy - any vessel with water after drinking

fuse - see drive

calm - calm

dumb - bad

olden - shake old times

barrel - gun

chest - see slow-witted

play box - die

troubles - horror

squander money - spend money uselessly

chatter - gossip

tremble - talk

pipe - 1) kinescope; 2) cell phone; 3) unfavorable ending

pipes are burning - hangover

difficult water - vodka, any other drink

tryndet - talk

ramming - stand and wait to no avail

scoreboard - face

herd - crowd

vestibule - stairwell

topic - something interesting, funny

brake - see slow-witted

hang out - enjoy

push - see drive

flea market - clothing market

push - toilet

stomp - go

to drown - 1) to fill up the exam; 2) go

fuel - see booze

exact - exactly

toshnilovka - an eatery where food is tasteless

slow-witted - a person who thinks badly and for a long time

tusa - company

yell - see cackle

leave - get drunk

sting 1. drink 2. take a drug

smart - good, useful

jump - 1) leave; 2) hide

far har - For her (for her)

fire - see the flame

furry - first

fenya - something uninteresting

chip - see topic

format brains - put yourself in order after drinking

bullshit push - lie

eat - eat

hawka - food

freebie - something that is given as a gift

hayushki - greeting

hwa - enough

tail - a small animal

heromancy - see Fenya

teapot - a person who is ignorant of something

kiss - kiss

attic - brains

chernukha - anything connected with the dark sides of the universe

skulls - parents

pure water - obviously

to fumble - to understand something

ball - talk

roll balls - play billiards

shaman - 1) magician; 2) a mind reader; 3) astrologer

shampoo - champagne

shampoo - see shampoo

schizoid - a person with mental disabilities

closet - 1) elevator; 2) ambal

shmal - see dope

laces - see skulls

shoelaces in a glass - parents at home

shoelaces fell off parents left

shnyaga - nonsense

plasterer - heavily made-up girl

shcha - now

you will get it - a threat

vigorous - strong

clear pepper - see no brainer

drawer - TV

The reality denoted by the word is typical only for youth slang.

The word is perceived by slang speakers as “their own”, that is, specific to young people.

The word is unknown to the “control” informants, who are representatives of different social strata, but do not consider themselves to be in the indicated age category.

The word has a significantly higher frequency of use in this environment compared to other social groups of people.

The word was used to form new derivative words, the specificity of which is beyond doubt.

The word acquired in the studied environment a special semantic or communicative connotation.

There are a number of words that are on the border of youth slang and other lexical layers. Since the question of their inclusion in slang seems debatable, it seems natural to cite some of them (meanings are given approximately): cut in "understand", drive in "understand", cut out "stop thinking", gopnik "punks", "break away" `have fun", fall "get carried away", mow "simulate", sucker "worthless person", moon rover "police car", tenseness "difficult situation", lean back "to die", blackness "anything connected with the darkest sides of the universe".

Sometimes there are words that have not received sufficient distribution in slang or related to other lexical layers, as well as proper names necessary for understanding examples (the meanings are contextual): cut (someone into something) “explain (someone something )", just "as soon as", get (someone) "annoy (someone)", collapse "come in, come"", lover "lover, beloved", crap "bad", knock down "come", hom "house", furry "first".

Etymological dictionary

Very often, young people borrow words from the etymological dictionary. Such as:

Bathysphere - the sphere of father's intervention in family affairs.

The gap is a lie.

Volnushka - melodrama.

The bungler is the executioner.

Cooking - dining room.

A rake is a thief's tool.

Drap - flight.

The dungeon is a neighbor.

The monster is an active volcano.

The chicken coop is a smoking area.

Malaria - whitewashing and painting works.

Bloodless - deprived of a roof over his head.

Industry - beard.

Papier-mache - parents.

Shorthand - graffiti on the walls.

Sniff - sing along, participate in the choir.

Yarrow is a thick novel.

Chimera - the era of chemistry.

The drawing is the underworld.

Quarter - set marks for the quarter.

Whatnot - a neighbor in the stairwell.

Youth slang is a very interesting phenomenon.

The dual position of young people - when they no longer want to be children, and they are still "not allowed to become adults" - leads, on the one hand, to the formation of youth subcultures, as social spaces where people of equal age and status gather. , social status, occupation, etc.; spaces where young people have the opportunity to fulfill themselves and work out social roles, and, on the other hand, to develop their own language based on their mother tongue, which they all speak. This special, youth language, youth slang, is aimed primarily at making "friends" closer, and "strangers" further.

The spread of youth slang goes from the center to the periphery, and on the periphery it takes root minimally. Youth slang is used not only by illiterate people, as is commonly believed, but also by native speakers with a relatively high level of education (its “anglicization” in Russian is a weighty proof) in a certain communication situation.

Youth slang fully reflects the dangerous vices of society, for example, the spread of drug addiction among young people, because there are dozens of slang words and expressions for various drugs. Slang also testifies to persistent everyday xenophobia and racism.

So the slang is:

Protest is the main reason for the uptake of slang by young people, since young people themselves understand their language mainly as a weapon against the norms of the adult world and, first of all, against adults themselves, rudeness and cynicism are most often addressed not to comrades, but to "ancestors" or "old people".

Sources of replenishment of slang are primarily foreign borrowings.

For example:

Words that have acquired a new meaning as a result of ironic rethinking:

Pancake - CD;

These examples prove that computer slang tends to be simplistic. Unusual transliteration: "ZY" - PS (post scriptum) (on a computer keyboard, when switching from Latin to Cyrillic, "P" corresponds to "Z", and "S" - "Y"").

Here are more examples: keyboard (keyboard) - keyboard, keboard, cyboard.

Hack (from English to hack) - hack;

Upgrade (from English to upgrade) - update;

To click (from English to click) - to press the mouse buttons.

disk drive - diskette;

user "s manual - manual;

CD-ROM - cider;

application - application.

Windows - windows, vents;

virus - livestock;

Microsoft - soft.

patch file - patch;

to delete - demolish, kill.

Sound likeness of the word:

error - Egor;

jumper - jumper;

shareware - bloomers.

break point - breakpoint;

Windows - vindovoz.

Corel Draw - King of firewood;

AutoCAD - Autogad;

BASIC - Vasik

Slang in education:

term (from term) - semester; vindik, vindow, vindushnik (from window) - "window", the absence of a couple or occupation; holiday (from holiday) - holidays;

Sphere of Internet communication:

Slang is in fashion:

fashion (from fashion) - fashion; fashionable (from fashionable) - fashionable; make-up or make-up (from make-up) - make-up; style (from style) - style; hayer (from hair) - hairstyle; must-have (from must-have) - a thing that must be present in the wardrobe; hand-made (from hand-made) - a thing made by oneself; bow (from look) - image, appearance; to be in a trend (from trend) - to be fashionable, relevant; barbie size (from barbi-size) - tiny, miniature; little black dress (from little black dress) - a little black dress; bag or case (from bag, case) - handbag.

Evaluation slang:

Currently, the vocabulary of youth slang has a relatively large number of words. Therefore, youth slang contains words with identical or extremely close meanings - synonyms. Naturally, the more common the word, the more synonyms it has. Such a phenomenon as the emergence of synonyms is due to the fact that in different regions of Russia (and there are quite a lot of them) for the same term, different slang correspondences may appear. They can be formed in different ways, by people with different levels of English proficiency. And communication between people using different words is not yet very developed. The Internet is not yet ubiquitous. Therefore, when they do meet, they sometimes do not even understand each other.

Bibliography:

Grachev M.A., Gurov A.I. Dictionary of youth slangs. - Gorky, 2004. - 366 p.

Uzdinskaya E.V. Semantic originality of modern youth jargon // Active processes in language and speech. - Saratov, 2005. - 144 p.

Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. Yartseva V.N., - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1990. - 685 p.

Vinogradova, N.V. Computer slang and literary language: problems of competition / N.V. Vinogradova / / Studies in Slavic languages. Korean Association of Slavists. - Seoul, 2001 - P.61-72.

Registration number 0143899 issued for the work:

Youth slang is a very interesting phenomenon.

Its use is limited by age (14-25 years) and social limits. It exists among the urban student youth. Young people are no longer children, but not yet adults, whose main occupation is education, preparation for future professional activities. They are free from the responsibilities of adults (they usually do not have families of their own, i.e. a wife/husband and children to take care of) and yet they have a lot of free time.

As long as youth slang is used by young people when they communicate with each other in a relaxed, informal setting, no "pollution" of the language occurs. The same applies to the language of fiction: when slangisms enter it as elements of a character's speech, this does not cause any protest if done with tact and aesthetically motivated.

With its expressiveness, mischievous and cheerful play with the word, it attracts youth slang, which the adult part of the population began to get acquainted with by reading young prose writers and poets, the youth press and listening to their children. Slang attracts with looseness, and sometimes brevity of designations.

So the slang is:

1. An attempt to encrypt your speech, to make it incomprehensible to the uninitiated.

2. The desire to express your emotions (many slang expressions cannot be translated into literary language in one word.

3. The need to identify yourself in the company, to indicate that you are yours.

The youth environment encourages significant freedom in communication, frivolity, democracy in the circle of their own. If for people of the older generation a person who behaves informally is considered frivolous, then young people almost always behave informally in order to emphasize the degree of trust in the interlocutor, their disposition towards him.

4. The desire to show their individuality, "adulthood".

5. An attempt to shock (shock) adults.

Protest is the main reason for the uptake of slang by young people, since young people themselves understand their language mainly as a weapon against the norms of the adult world and, first of all, against adults themselves, where rudeness and cynicism are most often addressed not to comrades, but to "ancestors" or "old people".

The fate of slang words and expressions is not the same: some of them take root so much over time that they turn into common speech; others exist only for some time together with their carriers, and then are forgotten even by them, not living up to the physical death of the latter; and, finally, the third slang words and expressions remain slang for a long time and the life of many generations, they never completely pass into the commonly used language, but at the same time they are not forgotten at all. So, for example, earlier slang words "shuffle" (in the sense of being embarrassed), "pickle" (in the sense of deliberately delaying someone, postponing for a long time a decision, doing something), "masking" (in the sense of doing something that - or imperceptible), "to joke" (in the sense of joking) have passed into common speech, and we rarely think about their slang past; such slang words of the second half of the 20th century as "limita", "dandies", "coffin" (in the sense of civil defense), "net" (in the sense of a truant, a person shirking something), "company", "old dude" and others, although they are still used from time to time, they practically become a thing of the past; the same words as "jiving", "to kick", "to get high" remain slang for a long time and are unlikely to ever enter into common speech.

Sources of replenishment of slang are primarily English-language borrowings.

For example:

Byzdnik - birthday (from English birthday)

Friend - friend (from English friend)

Kinder - child (from German die Kinder - children)

Chika - a young girl (from Spanish chika - girl)

Friend (friend) - friend, unfriend;

Drink (alcoholic beverages) - drinkach, drinker, drink-team, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink.

Or, for example, most adjectives that come from English roots, with a stressed suffix -ov-: branded (expensive, from a boutique), old (old), hit (popular), etc.

A special group of slangisms is computer:

Device (from English device) - a device;

User (from English user) - user.

Baton (from English button) - button;

Lin, Linux, Linux - (from English Linux) - the name of the operating system.

Program (from English to programm) - engage in programming;

And here are the Russian words chosen for reasons of phonetic similarity to the English originals:

Aria (from English area) - a directory on the disk;

Soap (from English to mail) - write emails.

Words that have acquired a new meaning as a result of an ironic rethinking of an already existing lexeme.

Pancake - CD;

Aldus Pajamker (from the English Aldus PageMaker) is an electronic layout program.

Acronyms. These are English by origin and by the method of formation compound abbreviated words, which have not yet been involved in the process of mastering them by the Russian language.

IMHO (In My Humble Opinion) - in my humble opinion;

IOW (In Other Words) - in other words.

These examples prove that computer slang tends to simplify, minimize and standardize language tools. Transliteration brings to life such unusual abbreviations for the Russian language as “ЗЫ” - PS (post scriptum) (on a computer keyboard, when switching from Latin to Cyrillic, “P” corresponds to “З”, and “S” - “Ы "").

Sometimes an English word is borrowed entirely with its pronunciation, spelling and meaning. Each sound in the borrowed English word is replaced by the corresponding sound in Russian in accordance with phonetic laws. These words seem foreign in pronunciation and spelling, they correspond to all the norms of the English language.

Bug (from English bug) - an error in the program;

Feature (from the English feature) - a software function;

Plugin (from English plug-in) - addition to a software product.

Such words in Russian were the result of the fact that most of the software on computers works in English. Most often this is a Russian or simply a misreading of an English word. Sometimes a mistake becomes attractive to the point that it seizes the masses. For example, message - message (message).

Here's another example: keyboard (keyboard) - keyboard, keboard, cyboard.

Hack (from English to hack) - hack;

Upgrade (from English to upgrade) - update;

To click (from English to click) - to press the mouse buttons.

Disk drive - diskette;

User "s manual - manual;

CD-ROM - cider;

Application - application.

There are two possible translation methods. The first method involves translating a word using neutral words existing in the Russian language, which at the same time acquire a new meaning with a reduced stylistic coloring:

Windows - windows, vents;

virus - livestock;

Microsoft - soft.

Here are some examples of associative thinking:

patch file - patch;

to delete - demolish, kill.

Sound likeness of the word:

error - Egor;

jumper - jumper;

shareware - bloomers.

break point - breakpoint;

Windows - vindovoz.

Corel Draw - King of firewood;

AutoCAD - Autogad;

BASIC - Vasik

Most of the words related to youth slang are derived from professional terms, almost all of which are borrowed from English.

The emergence of new words in youth slang is, of course, the rapid development of science and technology. If you look at the numerous magazines that cover the latest market news, we will see that more or less significant phenomena appear almost every week. In the conditions of such a technological revolution, each new phenomenon should receive its verbal designation, its name. And since almost all of them (with rare exceptions) appear in America, Europe, then naturally we get it in the dominant English language. When they find out about this after some time in Russia, then for their vast majority, of course, there is no equivalent in the Russian language. And so the Russians have to use the original terms. Thus, English names fill the Russian language more and more.

Many of the existing terms are quite cumbersome and inconvenient in daily use. There is a strong tendency to shorten, simplify words.

Recently, there has also been a craze for young people in computer games. This again served as a powerful source of new words. Various words have appeared for certain concepts, these include “arcade”, “walker”, “boss” (meaning the most important enemy in the game), “doomer” (a person playing the game “DOOM”), “croak” ( play the game "Quake"), etc. Most non-professional users do not have a sufficient level of English. But, one way or another, they still have to use the new English terminology, and often there is a misreading of the English word and the words that arise in this way sometimes firmly settle in their vocabulary. So it turns out that users of youth slang started talking in a language they themselves invented.

Slang in education:

teacher (from teacher) - teacher (There your teacher is coming.).

institute (from institute) - institute; name of faculties: dep (from department), fak (abbr. from faculty)

a preppy - a pupil or a graduate of an expensive preparatory school, or a person resembling such a pupil in dress or appearance; a stud - a student; a dropout - a person who has abandoned a course of study; a freshie (a freshman) - a first-year student in college; a grad (a graduate) - a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training; a premed - a student of a pre-med course; an alum (an alumnus) - a university, college or school graduate.

English (from English) - English; liters - literature; fizra - physical education; rusish (from German russisch) - Russian language.

trig - trigonometry; premed - a program of premedical studies; math - mathematics.

credit card (from credit book) - record; ID, ID (from ID -identification) or studak - student ID;

term (from term) - semester; vindik, vindow, vindushnik (from window) - “window”, absence of a couple or occupation; holiday (from holiday) - holidays;

hostel (from hostel) or hostel - hostel; jim or bench press (from gum) - gym;

econ - an economics class; biochem - a biological chemistry class; bio - a biology class; prep school - preparatory school.

names of various control measures and concepts related to them:

ex (abbr. excellent) - five, excellent mark; a pair, a swan or an unsuccessful one - a deuce, an unsatisfactory assessment; exes (from exams) - exams; contra or kontrosha - control work; sem or sema - seminar; roll up or blow off - write off something; spur - cheat sheet; bomb - a sheet with an answer to an exam ticket, which is prepared in advance and then surrendered, as if it was written in the process of preparing for the answer directly at the exam.

A midterm - an exam in the middle of an academic term; a final - an examination at the end of a term, school year or particular class; to breeze - to pass easily an exam; to cheat - to act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage in an examination.

Sphere of Internet communication:

Slang is in fashion:

Evaluation slang:

This includes words that reflect the relationship of young people to people of different ages and social status, as well as assessments of what is happening around or descriptions of objects.

Words of positive evaluation: nice (from nice) - great; ice (from ice) - cool; cute (from cute) - cute; kulno (from cool) - cool, great; good (from good) - good, good; respect (from respect) or respect - respect.

Words of negative assessment: fake (from fake) - fake, not real; crazy (from crazy) - crazy; freak or freak (from freak) - an eccentric, wonderful.

The ways and means of forming youth slang from the English language are very diverse, but they all boil down to adapting the English word to Russian reality and making it suitable for permanent use.

The general tendency among young people to use Anglicisms in their daily speech also played a role. Passion for anglicisms has become a kind of fashion, it is due to the stereotypes and ideals created in the youth society. Such a stereotype of our era is the image of an idealized American society, in which the standard of living is much higher, and high rates of technological progress lead the whole world. And by adding English borrowings to their speech, young people in a certain way approach this stereotype, join the American culture and lifestyle.

Slang does not remain constant. With the change of one fashionable phenomenon to another, old words are forgotten, they are replaced by others. This process is very fast. If in any other slang a word can exist for decades, then in youth slang only over the past decade of rapid world progress an incredible number of words have appeared and gone down in history.

But there are also things that have not undergone special changes. But their slang designations do not remain unchanged. There is a process of generational change, and those words that seemed fashionable and funny five to seven years ago now look outdated. Fashion changes, trends in society change, some words just get boring.

It is also impossible to ignore such a problem as the transition of words from slang to the category of normal ones. Most often, rather old slang words that have managed to get used to become normal. The word thus loses its eccentric coloring. Newspapers and magazines play an important role in this. The slang word appears in them in most cases due to the fact that normal words corresponding to them are inconvenient with frequent use or are completely absent. Magazines generally use slang words in abundance in order to create a more cheerful, youthful atmosphere.

Having traced the path of the word from its birth in English to the transition to slang, we found out that slang in Russian is a kind of "vent" that facilitates the process of adapting the English term. Slang helps speed up this process when the language tries to keep up with the flow of information.

In this matter, the Russian language, without a doubt, is under the direct influence of the English language. And we will not be able to stop this process until we ourselves create something unique.

As we can see, youth slang in most cases is English borrowings or phonetic associations, cases of translation are less common, and even then thanks to the wild imagination of young people. The attraction of foreign words into the language should always be treated carefully, and even more so when this process has such a speed.

The eternal problem of fathers and children, in addition to mutual misunderstanding, resentment, is often complicated by the fact that young people try to express themselves in their own jargon, incomprehensible to adults. Most often, it is just a distorted Russian language, "enriched" with the jargons of the criminal environment, foreign words in an abbreviated, modified form, expressions and concepts adopted during Internet communication on forums, in chats. Youth slang, examples of phrases and their meaning are needed both by adults, so that what young talents “carry” is, and it is necessary for the younger generation itself to know so as not to pronounce unfamiliar words out of place, for which you may have to answer.

From prisons, parties, computer

Concepts in youth slang come from everywhere, so examples of phrases and their meaning, the true meaning are important for understanding the younger generation.

Considering the difficult criminal situation in Russia, starting from the time of the Civil War (youth, please do not confuse it with the epoch-making struggle of the enlighteners of the North with the slave owners of the South), which gave rise to homeless children and, unfortunately, to this day, thieves "fenya" is an integral element of the youth lexicon.

The second factor in filling the slang of the younger generations was the desire, an irresistible craving for acquiring the strongest deficit in the Soviet Union - imported clothing, records, sound and video recorders, down to every little thing, such as plastic bags or chewing gum. It is difficult for today's youth to understand, but it was so, and it cost ridiculous money. As they say, “show-offs are more expensive than money,” which, translated into normal Russian, means that for an increase in social, intra-group status, for example, in the form of appearing in new jeans at a disco, you need to pay about 250 full-weight Soviet rubles.

The specific strata of the society of "developed socialism" that resell such goods - speculators-hucksters, they are also black marketeers, dudes, generously filled the speech of ordinary girls, boys, now called "dudes" and "dudes", English borrowings, which are often found in everyday colloquial speech so far.

The last wave is the "bird" language of the computer generation, which seems to their grandparents to be complete gibberish, and parents only occasionally snatch familiar concepts from speech. Internet buzzwords today prevail in the youth slang of urban schoolchildren. But, it is worth driving 300 km away from any regional center, and a real time machine will throw the traveler into the past, because in these parts the colloquial speech of youth is crammed with obscenities, thieves and distorted Russian words, as in the post-war years and has little in common with the speech of "nerds from metropolitan areas. Those who train young people who have come from Russia's "bear corners" are familiar with this.

They speak, they write

Still, it is worth not mentioning the words, expressions from the obscene variation of the Russian language, which every resident of the country confidently speaks, starting from kindergarten, most citizens of the CIS, and a foreigner coming from far abroad with jokes and jokes is taught precisely indecent words. Hippies and dudes born in the USSR did not pass on either their rich inner world or their inherent slang to the next generations. Today, youth slang is a mixture of the jargon of computer geniuses and asocial elements stoned with illegal drugs in Russia.

So, youth slang, examples of phrases and their meaning:

Glitch - a failure of a computer program, game, operating system, or a hallucination caused by the use of illegal substances.
User - custom.
Used - used.
Gamer is a player. The first syllable sounds frightening for unadvanced parents.
A prank is a joke, a prank. Often something not very pleasant is expected.
An engine can be either a car engine or the main program of a computer game.
A vaper is an e-cigarette smoker.
For fun, for fun, for fun - not serious, joking.
Hype - fashionable.
Sharit - understands, understands.
Dratute - hello, hello.
Louboutins are women's shoes with a red sole. You can visually evaluate them by watching the clip "Exhibit" of the Leningrad group, which is phenomenally popular among both young people and older people.

There is a specific slang, saturated with expressions that are understandable only to the initiated in closed social groups, such as army units, sports clubs, associations of football and hockey fans.

Youth slang, examples of phrases and their meaning are needed for studying in a youthful environment, and simply for understanding what adult children are talking about. This is especially true for teachers, sports coaches, educators of orphanages, boarding schools, and social workers.

"Jargon" - from fr. "jargon" is the speech of a relatively open social or professional group, which differs from the common language in a special composition of words and expressions. This is a conditional language, understandable only in a certain environment, it has a lot of artificial, sometimes conditional words and expressions. However, at present, there is a tendency for jargon to go beyond the professional or social groups that gave rise to it, on the one hand, and an increase in the gap between literary and jargon, on the other hand, which is largely due to the democratization and even "vulgarization" of public life. Jargon is crowding out respectable speech, not without the help of the media and the spread of mass culture, which leave an imprint on the language of the entire nation.

In the twentieth century, there was a technical revolution, the pace of life noticeably accelerated, vocabulary increased, because each new concept must correspond to at least one word. Accordingly, the jargon vocabulary is expanding, thousands of new words have been added to reflect political and social changes. New words also appear to refresh old concepts.

Jargon challenges the "correct" life, which is a linguistic reflection of such social phenomena in the youth environment as "hippies", "beatniks". Jargon seeks to increase the rate of speech, for this, abbreviations, shortened words, abbreviations, etc. are used. Even the linguistic terms themselves "jargon" and "slang" are increasingly being replaced by a more concise one - "slang".

But a variety of jargons have one history of origin. From the explanatory dictionary (Vladimir Dal, it is known that the jargon originated from the language of the pedlars-ofen. Hence the other name for the jargon is fenya (bottle on the hair dryer). These merchants constituted a separate class. And since they always had different goods and money, they often attacked by robbers. Ofeni came up with a peculiar language that only they themselves could understand - slang. There is also an assumption that they arose from an almost extinct nation - the Athenians. This people, now living only in legends, consisted of several ethnic groups, in including African and Greek. This encrypted language was passed on to children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren. And ordinary people liked it so much that it gradually began to be used by beggars, prostitutes, horse thieves and just highway robbers, against whom fenya was first conceived. But it already not only communicated, but also encrypted oral and written information, not wanting to divulge secrets and secrets. Kalyma. This is how thieves' jargon appeared

Moreover, for several years now, as the newspapers have been writing, “yesterday, on Nikolina Gora, a well-known philanthropist Senya Baryga was shot dead in a sauna.” For more than 10 years, TV shows have been shown about how good guys "wet" bad guys, and not just "wet", but according to a special thieves' "code of laws", in other words, "according to concepts."

For more than 10 years, such words as “mandra”, “godfather”, “drayka”, “stibzit”, “matzat” have existed in the spoken language. And quite recently, people began to understand that blat is not a fashion, but a disease that, if you don’t get rid of it, you will die and infect others. But this has become a style, a certain manner: the manner of wearing a cap, pulling it over your eyes, fashionable clothes in a thieves' environment, gait, gesticulation, and finally, a tattoo on which an abbreviation incomprehensible to mere mortals flaunts. You can often find aphorisms, wise sayings written on the body. For example: ELEPHANT - “death by a cop from a knife”, BY NIGHT - “no blood, only chefir” (a very strong tea brew used by alcoholics during a hangover), “I lived sinfully, I will die funny”, etc.

But even here there are principles. You can not imitate the "bros", as this destroys the peculiarity and attractiveness of the thieves' slang. Deliberate vulgarization betrays the blatant, and such will never win the recognition of authorities.

At the beginning of the century, fenya had about four thousand words and phrases. And the Stalinist repressions gave Russia the corresponding neologisms. The camp policy created a whole world, the pieces of which were connected by a link - Blatnoe slang. Serving time, often intelligent, talented people, recognized as "enemies" of the people. And partly thanks to them, and partly to ordinary urks, neologisms were created that still exist in the vocabulary of “bros”, and some have entered our speech so that we don’t even notice that this is thieves’ slang: swindler, huckster and others. But many of them are passive reserves, and about four hundred of them are used.

The classics of our time showed life behind barbed wire in such a way that each phrase was filled with capacious slang: Dovlatov, Solzhenitsyn, Vysotsky ... Their jargon does not repel, but only captivate the reader even more.

But these are classics, but what about ordinary prisoners? Here is an example from a letter from a prisoner in the 1950s:

“In the zhivoderka, Malova was normal, mandra and loose matter settled in the garage. They tangled up with a Georgian broom, had both married crap and a joint. The orderlies sway on the tsyrl in front of the main and other horsemen, so that they don’t chirp on the barge ... "

Only prepositions are known, the words are unfamiliar, like a different language. But the main thing is that the addressee of the letter understands this. Did he receive it?

Argo - specialized, common-law and prison languages that arose from the need to keep professional secrets or everyday speech from others. Such was the speech of the old Russian merchants (wandering offen peddlers), otkhodnik artisans (wool beaters, tinsmiths, saddlers) leaving their villages to work. Another reason for the emergence of conditional languages is the desire to hide or disguise the criminal nature of intentions and actions, making speech a password for "their own". The words and expressions of slang used in general speech, in fiction, journalism, are called argotisms.

Slang is a kind of jargonized vernacular of the younger generation, a mixture of argotism, jargon and foreign words.

Jargon is a social variety of speech in relatively open groups of people united by common interests, occupations, habits, and age. The jargon of young students is mainly the lexemes of common criminal and prison slang. Some of them have changed their meaning and in the vocabulary of young people began to designate the realities associated with exams and grades: fall asleep, fall asleep - fail the exam, test (in slang - to be discovered, caught red-handed); apparatus - household appliances, computers (in slang - a syringe for drugs); disassembly - discussion of controversial issues, trial (often joking, ironic) (in slang - a fight, intrigue).

There is a relationship between the irregular vocabulary of young people and the argotism of the criminogenic environment. However, much more words pass from slang to youth jargon than from jargon to slang. This can be explained, firstly, by the relative stability of the slang, based on the traditions of the criminal environment, and, secondly, by the rapid change in the vocabulary of youth jargon, often dependent on the influence of fashion. In addition, the jargons of informal groups and musicians have a great influence on the slang of schoolchildren. This happens due to the fact that the jargon of musicians "is the social dialect that influences all other youth jargons. Young people are fond of music, songs and often perceive argotism through songs. "etc.) is partly built on thieves' topics." The jargon of informal associations is "a kind of protest against generally accepted norms". This position brings them closer to the position of young students.

In the twentieth century five noticeable changes in youth jargon were recorded, three of which are associated with the argotization of vocabulary and two with the appearance of slang words of English origin. At present, slang vocabulary prevails in youth jargon.

Jargonization of speech is inherent not only in the Russian language, but also in many others. It arises in special conditions of life and communication of groups of people. You can talk about the language of hunters and fishermen, athletes and actors, about the language of students and schoolchildren. Of course, calling certain spheres of social speech "languages", sociolinguists use this concept conditionally. These are not independent languages, but stable varieties of common speech, peculiar vocabulary and phraseological units.

So what is youth slang? This is a mixture of many jargons: criminal (shmonat, bazaar, clothes, arrow ...), computer (windows, drive ...) normative vocabulary and profanity: foul, cormorant and other words formed by adding obscene parts to established jargon.

The vocabulary of jargon is limited by the interests of those who use it. In this case, it is fashion, school (institute), members of the opposite sex, music, leisure, and so on.

Often the words and phrases of youth slang are borrowed from "colleagues" from abroad: "6lek", "6aks", "ha-er" ... It is worth noting that everything is taken from the English, Americanized language, but with the current policy, it is possible , warped words of German origin will come into fashion. In the meantime, we can distinguish the following groups of borrowings from the English language:

1. Direct purchases. The word is found in Russian slang in approximately the same form and meaning as in the original. Size - size, hair - hair, mani - money.

Nikolaenko Anna, Chuikova Ekaterina

The project "Youth slang" became a student of the school scientific conference "Success"

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Youth slang Russian language PROJECT B was completed by students of grade 6B MKOU Ivaninskaya secondary school Nikolaenko Anna Chuikova Ekaterina

The purpose of the project is to show the essence of youth slang as a social and linguistic phenomenon; explore slang at school. Project objectives: to find out if slang is a separate language; trace the development of slang in Russia; to study the characteristic features of slangisms used by students of our school to identify whether the use of slang is the need of modern youth for self-expression and mutual understanding; compile a dictionary of slang for students of the school. The object of the study is the students of the Ivanino school The subject of the study is the speech of the students of the school Hypothesis: youth slang exists in the speech of schoolchildren, it has become familiar to them and saves time when communicating.

What is youth slang? Slang - words that are considered as a violation of the norms of the standard language. Often these are very expressive words, with a figurative meaning, which serve to designate objects that are spoken about in everyday life. Slang is a desire for expressiveness, for expression: "a feast of metaphors and expression." Youth slang is an interesting linguistic phenomenon, the existence of which is limited not only by certain age (14-25 years), but also by social, temporal and spatial limits. It exists among young students. Youth slang is a special form of language.

Scientists note that modern communication is based on jargon, or criminalized vocabulary. In many ways, this is a game (it was impossible before, but now it is possible).

Stages of development of youth slang in Russia The first stage is associated with the First World War, the revolution of 1917 and the civil war and devastation that followed it. The second stage is associated with the Second World War

The third wave falls on the 50s, when "dudes" took to the streets of cities. Their music, their dances, their clothes, their own special language. The appearance in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century in the USSR of the "hippie" subculture is the fourth wave.

The fifth stage is the time of perestroika and the subsequent collapse of the USSR. The sixth stage: the end of the 90s - the beginning of the 2000s and until now ...

Computer slang, these words are used to communicate people of the same profession - programmers, or just people who use a computer for some purpose. computer slang is characterized by "obsession" with the reality of the computer world. The slang names in question refer only to this world, thus separating it from everything else, and are often incomprehensible to ignorant people. among this vocabulary are not uncommon and quite vulgar words

Thank you (thank you) - Senka; street (street) - walk along the street, ring (phone), speech (conversation), etc. affixation: from parents, parents - “prents”, “persnts”, from birthday - “bezdnik” or “beznik”, nickname - klikuha, etc. truncation: shiza - schizophrenia; demobilization - demobilization; cash - cash. metaphors: pussies are narrow triangular dark glasses, a bean is a complete absence of something, a pedal Mercedes is a bicycle and metonymies such as hairy are hippies,. crust - diploma. polysemy: throw: 1) steal something from someone; 2) take something from someone and not give it back; 3) to cheat when making a transaction; 4) do not keep a promise, deceive. borrowing thieves' argotisms: lawlessness - complete freedom, revelry; cool - good; wet - beat, kill. Full or partial abbreviation: KPZ: 1) pre-trial detention cell; 2) pleasant smell room; 3) Kyiv brewery; GDZ - ready-made homework. Telescoping: cerebellum - go crazy (cerebellum + clink glasses); Punching stand: bucharest - youth party (from "boo" - alcohol), bezbabie - lack of money (from "grandmother" - money); constipation - car brand "Zaporozhets". Ways of forming slang vocabulary - foreign borrowings:

Why do teenagers use slang? Slang is an island of freedom in the world of adults... Slang as a means of strengthening group solidarity Slang as a form of overcoming the feeling of social inferiority Slang as a way of freedom of expression of a teenager There is not enough literary vocabulary. Diversity. Always saying the right thing is boring. The desire for brevity conveys the emotionality of speech Slang as a kind of protest against an adult Slang as a manifestation of interest in any activity Slang as an imitation of a certain significant person.

conclusions * the vast majority of young people have a positive attitude towards slang; * the majority of respondents believe that this layer of vocabulary does more harm to the language than good; * the main purpose of using slang in speech is the desire of young people to save time when communicating; * slang has become commonplace for modern schoolchildren.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! SPEAK A GOOD LITERARY LANGUAGE!

Slang word cool. Youth slang: examples of phrases and their meaning for understanding. Zashkvar - he's a shame in decent Russian

From prisons, parties, computer

They speak, they write

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