Special gymnastics for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon. Diverticulitis. Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pathology. Diverticular disease of the large intestine

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon is a disorder that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which occurs as a result of the processes of thickening of the intestine. The symptoms of this disease are varied and manifest themselves with age, and the treatment of the disease varies depending on the type, stage and causes of the pathology.

Sigmoid diverticulitis is a more advanced stage of diverticulosis, or diverticular disease. Most often, the disease occurs due to chronic constipation or problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

Diverticula themselves are formations on the walls of the colon, and are shaped like a sac filled with pus. Treatment and symptoms of the disease depend on the stage at which the person is.

Types of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

There are several types of diseases. They are classified by stages, and the stages, in turn, can also be distributed into some categories.

Types of diverticulosis, depending on the clinical picture, can be divided as follows:

1. Asymptomatic diverticulitis, which is characterized by the absence of any clinical manifestations. Most often, this stage of diverticulosis and characteristic sacs in the colon are found during a general diagnosis of the body or suspicion of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Acute diverticulitis manifests itself through uncontrolled contractions of the walls of the colon, as well as problems with the processes of digestion and disturbance in the intestinal environment.
3. Complicated form disease is characterized by uncontrolled pain, a dangerous state of health and requires urgent medical intervention.

Forms of diseases also depend on the type of diverticula. They can be both congenital and acquired. Congenital is characterized by mutations and changes that occurred either with the mother or with the fetus, as a result of intrauterine development.

Acquired are neoplasms that are formed or are formed throughout a person's life, or for a certain period. There are true and false diverticula.

They are distinguished by the participation of the mucous membrane in the process of formation:

• true ones give rise to a disease that occurred as a result of the protrusion of two or more shells;
• false is characterized by a protrusion of one mucous membrane.

Diverticula can also be divided according to the development of the disease. They can be rational, that is, formations that were formed due to the influence of the external environment, and traction - these are neoplasms, the formation of which was influenced by constant or periodic stretching of the food walls.

Acquired disease is the most common form of the disease that affects people aged 40 and over. According to the latest data, about a quarter of the population suffers from colonic diverticulosis.

Stages and degrees of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticular disease in a complicated form can occur in four stages. They are characterized by a gradual increase in pain, a larger area of ​​\u200b\u200bdistribution of the lesion.

Four stages of the development of the disease:

Early detection of diverticulitis is difficult. It is much easier to do this when abscesses and blood loss appear. In such cases, you must immediately seek medical help.

Symptoms of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, the symptoms and treatment of which are determined on an individual basis, is characteristic of people over 40 and above. Symptoms do not appear as a group, and their presence depends on the type and stage of the spread of the disease, and treatment directly depends on the manifestations. Non-inflammatory purulent formations may not appear for a long time.

The appearance of diverticula in the sigmoid colon is detected during the prevention of other diseases, as well as inflammation and complications that have appeared. With diverticulitis, a person may experience periodic pain after the release of gases and the process of excretion of the body of feces.

Diverticular bowel disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

Some of the symptoms may be the result of other diseases, therefore, if a group of manifestations of the disease is detected, it is necessary to consult a doctor for a general diagnosis of the body.

Causes of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

The main cause of diverticulitis is adulthood. Immunity begins to weaken every year, so the intestines become more susceptible to disease damage.

In rare cases, sigmoid diverticulitis is manifested due to improper bowel function or a single failure of its motility.

Diagnosis of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is an uncomplicated disease, the diagnosis of which involves the study of the body and the necessary organ through the use of tools.

Taking feces and blood for analysis is a standard procedure for studying the body and obtaining a general diagnosis.

If diverticulitis is suspected, a colonoscopy is indicated. The principle of the procedure is to insert an endoscope into the colon and examine its walls through a monitor.

Colonoscopy is carried out in specially equipped rooms, so a similar procedure is available in large medical or diagnostic centers. The average price in Russia is 4,000 rubles per service. In large reputable centers, the cost of the procedure can reach up to 30,000 rubles.

Procedures that allow you to determine the size of diverticula, their features:

1. Pronounced disruptions in the work of the intestine allows you to determine esophagomanometry. The procedure reveals the frequency with which the esophagus contracts. It is carried out on an empty stomach and after some preparation. The average price in Russia is 3000 rubles.
2. Irrigoscopy involves the introduction of a special chemical mixture, which appears under x-rays. With the help of this procedure, the narrow passages of the intestine and the presence of diverticula in it are determined. Irrigography can be done in almost every clinic in the city where there is an X-ray machine, and the average price of the service is about 2,000 rubles.
3. Laparoscopy used as an additional examination, with which you can immediately remove a small accumulation of purulent sacs. The principle of the procedure is to create small incisions in the abdominal cavity, into which instruments are inserted. Laparoscopy is performed only by experienced surgeons. The average cost of this procedure is about 5500 rubles.

In addition to surgical and instrumental interventions, they preliminarily carry out palpation - an examination of the abdominal cavity with fingers, and also collect information about the patient's well-being from the person himself and his immediate environment.

When to see a doctor

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, the symptoms and treatment of which can be completely different, therefore, at the first signs of an illness, you need to seek medical help, it can also be a symptom of other problems with the intestines.

In the early stages, the disease may not manifest itself, so people over 40 are recommended to have a colonoscopy once every 5 years for prevention purposes. This category of people is at risk.

Immediate handling is necessary if blood is shed in the stool. This means that the diverticula are damaged or festering.

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. The first symptoms may not be immediately recognizable, but blood in the stool is the first signal when you need to see a doctor and start treatment.

Prevention of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

You can prevent the appearance of diverticulum by introducing foods that are rich in fiber and gluten into the diet. Meat products are also important for health, so they can be combined with a variety of cereals. The most necessary porridge is oatmeal, it has a lot of nutritious fibers.

People who are predisposed to this disease, who have suffered from infections of the gastrointestinal tract, and other manifestations of diverticulitis, are recommended to conduct a clinical diagnosis to identify purulent sacs and problems with the mucosa of the sigmoid colon.

Methods of treatment of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, the symptoms and treatment of which directly depend on the stage, type and causes of the appearance of purulent sacs, can be detected by palpation. The appearance of the disease is associated with the age of the person, the method of treatment also depends on it.

If diverticulosis is uncomplicated, then it is possible to get rid of abscesses through diet and constipation, but if diverticula bleed, then surgical intervention is necessary.

What is prescribed for a mild form of the disease:

In some cases, substances may be added that help restore the intestinal environment.

Medications

Table of medications that can be prescribed by a doctor. Before using the drug, you should consult with a specialist.

Drug class	Name	Description	Well	Dosage	Price
Antibiotic	Cefotaxime	60% of the drug is excreted 6 hours after cessation of consumption. Resistant to many microbes. Sold in the form of a powder to create a solution and administration through injections. It has a number of side effects (dizziness, vomiting, nausea, rash).	Determined by the doctor;	1-2 grams of the substance for adults every 4-12 hours;	21-45 rub.
Probiotic	Linex Forte	The drug is suitable for children, people suffering from allergic reactions, helps with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is recommended to take the drug after meals, do not drink it with hot liquids and alcoholic beverages.	Average course - two weeks	1-2 capsules 2-3 times a day.	282-82 rub.
Spasmolytics	Papaverine	Available in the form of a solution for injection. It is forbidden to enter quickly, as the heart rhythm is disturbed. It is necessary to leave a gap between each introduction of 4 hours.	Prescribed by the attending physician	Inside, 40-60 g 5 times / day, rectally, 20-30 g 2-3 times a day.	15-85 rub.
Pain reliever	No-shpa	It has an effect on smooth muscles. Can be replaced with a cheap analogue - drotaverine.	Of necessity	1-2 tablets 3 times a day.	52 - 481 rubles,
constipation medications	Mukolfak	Sold in granules, from which a suspension is obtained for oral administration.	For chronic constipation up to 4 weeks, if necessary up to 2 days;	2-6 times a day.	From 482 rubles.
Antihistamine	Suprastin	A classic anti-allergic drug, produced in the form of tablets for oral administration;	5-7 days.	Up to 3 times a day.	From 180 rub.
Prokinetics	Motilium	Available in the form of tablets and syrups. Standard preparation for elimination of weight and problems with digestion.	Not more than a week.	1-2 times during the day.	374 - 659 rubles.

Doctors prescribe drugs based on the symptoms and causes of the disease, so there is no need to use all types of drugs.

Folk methods

In addition to following a strict diet and consuming a lot of fiber-rich foods, it is recommended to try folk methods:

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, the symptoms and treatment of which is determined not only by folk methods, also requires surgical intervention, drug prevention. Traditional medicine is an auxiliary, secondary method of improving health.

Other methods

Other methods of treatment are used only in case of complications or advanced disease. These include gastric lavage, bowel cleansing with enema, and the use of fresh frozen plasma.

In addition, surgical intervention is used, but only in cases where the patient has bleeding or severe pain.

Possible Complications

Untimely treatment or ignoring preventive measures at advanced stages threatens that the abscess breaks out of the sigmoid colon and develops into the abdominal cavity.

If in this case the treatment is ignored, then there is a gradual fusion of neighboring organs with the intestine. As a result, an abdominal tumor is formed, internal bleeding opens, pus can spread to the internal epithelium.

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon is a serious disease, ignoring which is fraught with the spread of the disease to the entire body. The symptoms of the disease appear late, but timely treatment can permanently solve the problem.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon - symptoms, treatment:

It can become inflamed due to the significant curvature of this organ. As a result of this, significant pressure is exerted on it, which leads to the formation of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon. It manifests itself in the form of the formation of protrusions. They are called diverticula.

The concept of "diverticulosis"

Diverticula form on the intestinal walls and resemble small sacs. Pathology can be congenital or acquired.

With congenital diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, protrusions form in a child in the womb. An acquired disease can occur at any age with an improper lifestyle, primarily nutrition or the presence of a pathology of the digestive system.

Diverticula can be from one to several. About such a disease as diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, they speak in the latter case.

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon according to ICD-10

In our country, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) was introduced in 1999 to account for the causes of death, the reasons for the appeal of individuals to medical institutions, and the incidence rate. Currently, the ICD 10th revision is in force. A new edition is to be released by WHO in 2018.

According to the ICD, diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon refers to diseases of the large intestine and has the code K57 "Diverticular bowel disease". Upon closer examination of the code, K57.2 and K57.3 can be distinguished, which refer to the large intestine with and without perforation and abscess, respectively.

Etiology

Diverticula in the large intestine are rare in people under 50 years of age (5%), the disease progresses after 50 to 70 years, its incidence increases to 30%, and after 70 to 50%. After 90 years, almost every person has multiple protrusions. They can be located in any part of the large intestine (sometimes they are also found in the small intestine), most often diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is observed. This is due to its smaller diameter, compacted consistency of the content, multiple bends. Also, the sigmoid colon is characterized by a reservoir function, which increases intraluminal pressure in it. The protrusions have a diameter of 3 mm to 3 cm or more.

Causes of the disease

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid and descending colon is mainly caused by dystrophic changes in the intestinal walls, vascular dynamics and weakening of the connective tissue.

In addition, the reasons may be:

• age;
• chronic pathologies.

The appearance of diverticula is strongly influenced by malnutrition. A rational menu should include food with a small amount of carbohydrates and a large amount of fiber. Otherwise, constipation occurs. Hard feces begin to stretch the walls of the intestine. However, the exact picture of what is happening has not yet been clarified.

In addition, the development of diverticulosis is affected by low physical activity and overweight. In this case, there is a prolapse of hemorrhoids during the formation of hemorrhoids, the development of constipation, which leads to the occurrence of the disease in question.

It is 10 times less common among residents of African and Asian countries compared to Europeans and Americans.

Symptoms

In the presence of single protrusions, they do not manifest themselves for a long period of time. After the onset of the inflammatory process, the following symptoms of sigmoid diverticulosis appear:

• there are signs of severe intoxication;
• there are painful syndromes that are chronic;
• bleeding occurs;
• discomfort develops in the abdomen.

The first painful syndromes begin to appear even before the onset of the inflammatory process. They are irregular in nature, so they are mostly ignored by patients.

After the act of defecation and discharge of gases, they pass.

At the beginning of the development of complications, blood appears in the feces, which indicates injury to the diverticulum. As the size of the protrusion increases, painful sensations appear that do not stop. During the implementation of palpation of the abdomen, they become more pronounced.

Symptoms of intoxication appear with a long stay of feces in the sac and the beginning of the development of the inflammatory process.

The following symptoms appear:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• diarrhea;
• increase in body temperature.

Depending on the degree of the disease, various symptoms of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon are observed. Treatment should be aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease. One person may have several symptoms at the same time. They can develop as a result of the development of other pathologies that require an immediate emergency call to the house.

Complications

The main ones are the following:

• obstruction in the intestines due to the formation of adhesions that impede the exit from the body of feces;
• perforation of the diverticulum, in which there is a rupture of the walls of the intestine, due to which the feces enter the abdominal cavity, causing intoxication of the body, while acute pains appear in the abdomen, the rupture leads to relief of suffering, but requires immediate hospitalization;
• fistula formation - inflammatory processes can be purulent, which turn into fistulas if left untreated, which are difficult to eliminate without surgery;
• severe bleeding - it is possible immediately after the onset of the inflammatory process, after the formation of ulcers on the diverticulum.

If the patient has severe abdominal pain, you should immediately visit a doctor or call an ambulance.

Diagnosis

The doctor collects an anamnesis, listening to the patient's complaints and performing palpation in the abdomen. After that, an additional examination is assigned, including:

• analysis of blood and feces;
• colonoscopy;
• x-ray examination;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

Diverticulitis is characterized by an increase in ESR and a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left. In the presence of bleeding, iron deficiency anemia is observed.

In addition to the diagnostic methods listed above, an endoscopic examination may be prescribed. But in this case, the affected segment can be viewed. This is due to the fact that the mouths of the protrusions are found if they are open. They can also be skipped if the line of their location is in the blind zone.

Colonoscopy with a pronounced inflammatory process is contraindicated.

In the acute stage of the disease, CT may be used.

After that, the doctor decides how to treat sigmoid diverticulosis.

Healing

If the pathology is in the initial stage of development without symptoms, then preventive measures and a diet are prescribed to prevent constipation. Treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon in this case also includes a set of exercises to eliminate the stagnation of stool.

For more serious inflammatory processes, the following agents are prescribed:

With the development of serious complications, the patient is sent for hospitalization. With it, antibiotics are administered intravenously, which stops the development of inflammation.

With diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, perforation of the protrusion, the presence of multiple diverticula or peritonitis, surgery is performed, which consists in removing the affected area. After a long recovery period, the patient is prescribed antispasmodics, painkillers and laxatives.

Bleeding in many cases is stopped during the diagnosis with angiography by intra-arterial administration of "Vasopressin". Sometimes it is stopped by surgery. At the same time, angiographic embolization can lead to intestinal infarction in every fifth patient, so its implementation is not recommended. In most cases (in three quarters of patients), the bleeding caused by the disease stops spontaneously.

Folk methods

Treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon involves taking one spoonful in the morning after sleep of olive or flaxseed oil, which helps to thin the feces, saturate the body with minerals and vitamins, and relieve the inflammatory process in the intestines.

Also, to provide a carminative, anti-inflammatory and soothing effect, take decoctions from the following plants:

• nettles;
• wild rose;
• motherwort;
• chamomile;
• dill.

A decoction of elderberries is also useful. They are poured with boiling water and infused for several hours, after which they are taken 100 ml 3 times a day.

Diet for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

It is prescribed after the normalization of the stool. The intestines should periodically relax, so the following dishes and foods are included in the diet:

• cereals from oatmeal, buckwheat, brown rice;
• nuts and dried fruits - pumpkin seeds, walnuts, dried apricots, prunes;
• fruit and vegetable dishes: baked apricots, plums, pears, apples, boiled carrots, beets;
• plentiful drink. You need to drink at least 2 liters of liquid per day - rosehip infusion, green tea, tea drinks, mineral and filtered water.

Eating should be fractional, uniform. The number of doses per day should be 5-6 times.

Prohibited Products

Nutrition for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon does not include the following foods in the diet:

• alcohol;
• carbonated drinks;
• Black tea;
• coffee - the products listed above are not included for two to three months;
• fatty, fried foods;
• flour and sweet;
• delicatessen goods;
• sausages.

The latter worsen the digestive process and provoke chronic constipation. Meat dishes and seasonings lead to an increase in the load on the intestines, which leads to disruption of its work and irritates the mucous membrane.

Forecast

In the case of the development of diverticular bowel disease, in most cases it is favorable. But in some cases, life-threatening severe complications may develop. This is mainly characteristic of older people who have a weakened immune system and have many concomitant diseases.

In the diet you need to introduce foods rich in dietary fiber (fiber). In 5-10% of cases, this reduces the incidence of complications and improves the course of the disease.

A third of patients have relapses of the inflammatory process. A fifth of those who have had bleeding problems see them return after a few months or years.

Acute diverticulitis may occur in up to a quarter of patients with diverticular disease. Conservative therapy in the first episode is effective in 70% of cases, in the third - in 6%.

Prevention

It is necessary to carry out the following activities:

• saturate the diet with dietary fiber;
• perform a massage;
• attend physical therapy classes.

Finally

Thus, diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon occurs everywhere after a person reaches 90 years of age. Up to 50 years, its prevalence is quite rare. Less often cases are noted in Asian and African countries. Often it is asymptomatic, detected randomly when diagnosing concomitant diseases. In the absence of pain syndromes, no treatment is required. At the same time, foods rich in fiber should be included in the diet. If pain syndromes are present, as well as bleeding, it is necessary to carry out medical intervention, which can be therapeutic or surgical. In complex treatment, folk remedies in the form of decoctions of various herbs can be used.

Statistics confirm that this disease is diagnosed in every fourth person in the world. Its symptoms appear in middle-aged and elderly people and are provoked by age-related changes in the body. At the age of 70-80 years, this disease is detected in more than 50% of patients. We are talking about such a disease as diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon.

The pathological process, called diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, is characterized by the formation of diverticula (hernial sac-like protrusions of the intestinal walls). Often, the disease reveals itself by the age of 50, it is at this age that the walls of the sigmoid colon begin to weaken and squeeze them outward with an increase in intracavitary pressure.

In the vast majority of cases, the diagnosis of diverticulum formation is not congenital, but manifests itself under the influence of adverse factors and malnutrition. If the formation of multiple diverticula is observed in the sigmoid colon, the disease is characterized as diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, while it must be distinguished from diverticulitis, the main factor of which is the inflammatory process.

Causes of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

What are the provoking factors that cause pathological changes in the state of the body? These can be age-related changes leading to degeneration of the muscles of the intestinal wall and causing general degenerative changes in the body.

Another reason contributing to the development of diverticulosis can be considered underdevelopment and weakness of the connective tissue resulting from a congenital or acquired failure in the synthesis of collagen fibers.

Malfunctions in intestinal motility are considered a common cause of the onset of the disease. This is manifested by the fact that with increased intra-intestinal pressure, the fibers of the intestinal wall, as it were, "disperse" and form characteristic protrusions (diverticula).

Diverticula can form with spasm of the muscles of the intestinal wall. These manifestations lead to squeezing of blood vessels inside the intestinal walls and disruption of blood circulation. As a result, dystrophy and stretching of the spaces around the vessels are noted, leading to protrusion of the intestinal walls.

The cause of diverticulum may be a hereditary predisposition. The likelihood of the disease increases many times if there have been cases of sigmoid diverticulosis in the family.

Diet plays an important role in the development of the disease. Thus, numerous studies confirm that in countries of Africa and India with a historically established predominance of a plant-based diet, there are significantly fewer cases of the disease than in European countries, where food of animal origin is preferred.

Classification of diverticulosis

Depending on the origin, diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon can be congenital or acquired. Depending on the nature of the flow, it can be:

1. Asymptomatic
2. With characteristic, pronounced manifestations
3. Complicated

In addition, diverticulosis is divided into true and false. True refers to congenital diseases and occurs when all layers of the intestine, its muscular, mucosal and submucous membranes protrude. False diverticulosis is acquired, is formed during life and is manifested by the protrusion of the mucous membrane.

It is necessary to start treatment of this disease when the first symptoms appear. But sometimes it is difficult to do this, since in most patients diverticulosis can occur without visible manifestations and is discovered by chance during an appointment with a doctor for a completely different reason.

The most characteristic symptom of the disease is pain in the lower abdomen, which is of a very different nature and can be perceived by patients as disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients associate discomfort with nutritional errors and do not seek medical help, since pain usually disappears after a bowel movement.

Often diverticulosis occurs against the background and when the inflammatory process is attached, the symptoms of the disease begin to manifest themselves especially strongly. Pain in the left iliac region becomes persistent and prolonged, their intensity after the stool does not decrease.

The pain syndrome lasts for several days and increases with palpation of the specified area and even while walking. Unsteady stools can be accompanied by nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, and a constant feeling of discomfort.

Even if at first the disease is asymptomatic, then over time, disturbances in the body make themselves felt. As a result of stagnation of stool, a complication of diverticulosis develops - inflammation of the protrusions of the intestinal walls (diverticulitis). In this state, the pain becomes constant and is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication of the body and a significant increase in temperature.

With a long course of the disease and large diverticula, the following symptoms are characteristic:

• Drawing pains in the left lower abdomen caused by spasm of the walls of the sigmoid colon
• or loose stools for a long time
• Bloating on the left side and flatulence
• Feeling of heaviness and fullness in the left side of the abdomen, which disappear after stool

With the development of complications, there is a persistent deterioration in the patient's condition, accompanied by severe weakness and a sharp increase in temperature. What complications occur most often?

It is clear that the development of the disease threatens with serious and unpleasant complications, so timely diagnosis and proper treatment will help to avoid life-threatening conditions and improve the patient's well-being.

When examining a patient, a specialist draws attention to a number of factors: characteristic complaints, the patient's age, lifestyle, diet, and a tendency to constipation. The doctor examines the patient, identifying painful areas characteristic of this disease with the help of palpation.

A detailed history will help clarify the clinical picture and suspect diverticulosis. To confirm the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed a series of laboratory tests and hardware examinations.

In some complex cases, the patient may be assigned a survey radiography of the abdominal organs or such visual examination methods as computed tomography and MRI. Such a method as ultrasound in this case is not informative and is not used to clarify the diagnosis.

Methods of treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon will depend on many factors: the stage of the disease, the risk of complications, the age and general well-being of the patient, his lifestyle and diet. Uncomplicated diverticulosis is treated conservatively, the treatment of severe forms of the disease involves surgical intervention.

Conservative treatment involves an integrated approach that includes a special diet and drug therapy. The patient is prescribed:

• Broad spectrum antibiotics (cephalosporins, penicillins)
• Painkillers and antispasmodics that reduce muscle spasm (drotaverine, no-shpa, mebeverine)
• Prokinetics that stimulate intestinal motility
• Laxatives based on lactulose (duphalac)
• Enzymes to improve digestion (mezim, pancreatin, festal)
• Preparations that restore the intestinal microflora (Linex, Bifidumbacterin)
• Means, and flatulence (biseptol, sulgin)

In severe forms of diverticulosis, the following therapeutic measures are carried out:

• Perform gastric lavage
• Unload the intestines with siphon enemas
• Carry out infusion therapy with crystalloid solutions
• Use fresh frozen plasma

Surgical intervention is performed in cases where life-threatening complications occur: heavy bleeding, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction. Indications for surgical intervention are:

• frequent exacerbations with severe pain,
• the risk of developing other cancers.

The operation is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, resection is carried out, that is, the affected areas of the sigmoid colon are removed, at the second stage, an anastomosis is formed, connecting the remaining sections of the intestine. In addition to resection, drainage of the abdominal cavity is carried out and subsequent intravenous administration of antibiotics.

Timely medical care and properly selected treatment tactics make it possible to make a favorable prognosis and save the patient from unwanted complications.

Diet for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

To alleviate the condition, the patient is prescribed a special diet with a predominance of plant fiber. The diet is formed on the basis of the following products: fruits and vegetables, brown rice, cereals and legumes. To avoid intestinal irritation, products are recommended to be steamed, baked or boiled.

Nutrition should be fractional, you need to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions. Many nutritionists advise adhering to the principles of separate nutrition so that food is better absorbed by the body.

The diet for diverticulosis includes wholemeal bread, bran, whole grain cereals. Limit the consumption of refined foods:

• confectionery,
• semi-finished products,
• chips,
• flour products.

The following foods are excluded from the diet:

• whole milk,
• chocolate,
• carbonated drinks,
• coffee,
• strong tea,
• alcohol.

It is recommended to include natural laxatives in the menu: prunes, dried apricots, fermented milk products, herbal infusions. It is advised to use garlic, it helps to normalize the intestinal microflora.

Every day you should eat salads of fresh vegetables with vegetable oil and drink plenty of fluids (up to 2 liters). Freshly prepared juices from vegetables and fruits, broths and first courses are of great benefit.

Useful fiber contains bran, seeds, nuts, unrefined cereals. A lot of it in zucchini, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, spinach. In the diet, they try to adhere to the "rule of three" - they eat three servings of vegetables, three pieces of grain bread, three fruits and 300 grams daily. brown rice porridge or oatmeal. This will help you get the fiber you need.

Try not to overeat, lead a healthy lifestyle and refuse to eat food with artificial food additives. In addition to proper and rational nutrition, an increase in physical activity, long walks and special gymnastics are encouraged.

Treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon with folk remedies

Treatment with the help of traditional medicine recipes helps to alleviate the patient's condition and improve his well-being. Let's talk about the most effective and common methods.

Treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon with folk remedies should be carried out in combination with drug therapy and carried out after consultation with a doctor and under his supervision. It is dangerous to engage in self-medication so as not to worsen the situation and avoid the development of complications.

Remember that the use of folk remedies should not replace a visit to the doctor. Only a competent specialist can make a correct diagnosis, conduct the necessary examination and choose the right treatment tactics that guarantee relief of the condition and help defeat the disease.

The content of the article:

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is a pathology in which protrusions appear on the surface of this section of the intestine, resembling pockets - diverticula. To date, this disease is most common in gastroenterology. Diverticulosis sigma affects persons of any gender, and the main risk criterion is the age of the patient: in persons younger than 30 years, diverticula are not diagnosed.

Patients turn to a specialist in case of complications, when the first complaints appear; before this, the pathological process may be asymptomatic.

Often, patients with pain in the left side of the abdomen, dyspepsia, unstable stools, after consulting a therapist, ask: “Which doctor treats diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon?” The specialist is called a "gastroenterologist", but in emergency situations, hospitalization in the department of abdominal surgery is possible.

Treatment involves proper nutrition and medication, but there are life-threatening complications that may require surgery. Diverticula in the sigmoid colon have different sizes, but are more often small, with a diameter of up to 1 cm. Almost a third of the population aged 40-50 years is faced with intestinal diverticulosis, and only 10% have clinical manifestations.

The intensity of this disease increases in proportion to age. This is due to the following factors:

Loss of elasticity of the intestinal wall;
chronic constipation against the background of loss of peristalsis and the associated increase in intracavitary pressure in the intestine;
a tendency to flatulence.

In addition, there is evidence that predisposing factors include heredity, eating habits, and certain diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, megadolichosigma, in which overstretched atonic walls contribute to the appearance of protrusions.

The incidence of diverticulosis depends on the diet, in those regions where food rich in fiber is preferred, diverticulosis is less common. Fiber helps to optimize the digestive process.

Depending on the severity of the pathological process, therapy is prescribed. In some cases, diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is complicated by conditions that threaten life:

intestinal bleeding;
perforation of the diverticulum;
acute intestinal obstruction;
inflammation of the peritoneum.

These complications require urgent surgical intervention.

Sometimes a localized abscess develops in the cavity of the diverticulum, which is manifested by pronounced changes in tissue morphology. If the abscess breaks into the intestinal cavity, recovery will occur, if pus enters the abdominal cavity, there is a risk of peritonitis. Involvement in the pathological process of nearby organs and tissues can be complicated by the formation of a fistulous canal.

Sigmoid colon

The sigmoid colon owes its name to the curves that resemble the Greek letter "sigma".
This intestine - a section of the large intestine, S-shaped, starts from the descending part of the colon in the upper sections of the small pelvis and goes to the left half of the abdomen, and then passes into the rectum. Its length is more than half a meter, its diameter is about 4 cm.

The role of sigma in the digestive process is the absorption of liquid from the food gruel. The blood supply and innervation of the sigmoid colon is provided by the mesentery, which consists of a large number of nerve and vascular structures.

Symptoms of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

ICD-10 code: K57

Depending on the results of diagnosis, complaints, age of the patient, comorbidity, a treatment regimen is selected.

If the disease does not impair the quality of life and is in an asymptomatic or uncomplicated phase, then it is recommended to pay attention to the following aspects:

1. Optimization of the diet: increased amount of fiber (eat more vegetables and fruits), drink enough fluids so that the feces are soft and do not stretch or injure the intestinal walls. During an exacerbation, only liquid food can be taken for 3 days, this helps to restore the intestinal mucosa and reduce the inflammatory process.

2. Refusal of bad habits.

3. Therapeutic exercise.

With complaints and the addition of inflammation, conservative therapy is carried out.

Prevention

Each patient needs to know what preventive measures will be effective in preventing the complications of diverticulosis. Gastroenterologists advise to adhere to the following rules:

1. First of all, it is necessary to normalize the chair.

2. Increase the amount of fluid consumed.

3. Introduce food containing a large amount of fiber into the diet: fruits, vegetables, bran.

4. Sports activities: exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and the press are especially useful.

5. Try to avoid stressful situations, in case of excessive anxiety after consultation with a neurologist, it is possible to take mild sedatives.

6. A rational approach to the daily routine: avoid overwork, it is recommended to sleep for at least 8 hours.

Diverticulosis Diet: Do's and Don'ts

Note that the main point in the treatment of sigma diverticulosis is a diet that helps to reduce muscle contractions and reduce pressure on weakened areas of the intestine.
Some experts consider the statement about the dangers of seeds and tiny particles to inflammation in diverticula to be unproven, however, it is better to avoid vegetables and fruits that contain seeds, especially if complaints appear after consumption. List of products that can aggravate the course of the pathological process:

Kiwi;
tomatoes;
grape;
zucchini;
zucchini;
cucumber;
blackberry;
raspberry;
strawberry;
eggplant;
pepper.

Avoid cruciferous vegetables such as Brussels sprouts and cauliflower.
Seeds and nuts with diverticulosis can provoke pain.

Avoid baked goods that contain peanuts, pistachios, cashews, and almonds, as well as sunflower, pumpkin, cumin, and sesame seeds.

Unprocessed dried fruits are difficult to digest in the gastrointestinal tract, so it is preferable to introduce either steamed prunes and dried apricots into the diet, or cook dried fruit compote.

Grains can linger in the gastrointestinal tract, especially if there are "pockets" in the form of diverticula. Stuck grains undergo processes of putrefactive fermentation and provoke an inflammatory process. In addition, the accompanying increased flatulence will contribute to pain and the appearance of new diverticula.

It is allowed to use refined bread and cereals, preferably from oatmeal.
Pasta, white rice, semolina, premium flour products are not recommended for nutrition with diverticulosis.

Nutritionists recommend including low-fat fermented milk products (kefir, fermented baked milk, matsoni, yogurt) in the diet, some patients absorb whole milk well, but it is better to consult with your doctor about this.

In any case, products containing palm oil, margarine, cooking oil, mayonnaise are not useful.

Natural cheeses and cottage cheese in small quantities can be eaten with intestinal diverticulosis.

Other Foods to Avoid for Diverticulosis and Intestinal Diverticulitis

Red meat must be excluded or limited, the main diet for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is low-fat chicken, white varieties of fish, broths.

Avoid carbonated drinks and sweets, as they can cause increased gas formation, which will aggravate the clinical manifestations.

Do not eat a lot of acidic foods, there is evidence that with problems of the gastrointestinal tract, the risk of allergic dermatitis increases. Also, do not excessively consume oranges, lemons, grapefruit.

Avoid refined high-carbohydrate foods: Limit cakes, ice cream, pizza, puffs, pretzels, biscuits, donuts, canned juices, chocolate, muffins, white sugar, cream, pies, etc.

Read the inscriptions on the packages: preservatives, sweeteners, dyes, etc. advances in chemistry will not add health.

Eliminate fatty and fried foods, fast food, french fries, convenience foods.

Instead, food cooked with the most gentle heat treatment is preferable: baked, boiled, steamed.

Alcohol and smoking always irritate the colon and stomach, so it is better to get rid of bad habits.

Home treatment for intestinal diverticulosis is possible if there are no serious complications: eat right, perform special exercises for diverticulosis, take prescribed drugs at home.

Some Recipes Helpful for Diverticulosis

1 tablespoon of bran is added to 200 ml of kefir or yogurt (any fermented milk product will do), left for 30 minutes to swell. Kefir with bran can be used instead of breakfast.

Gradually, the amount of bran is brought up to 3 tablespoons, while paying attention to well-being: replacing constipation with frequent loose stools is not the best result.
The target stool is soft, shaped, which helps prevent intestinal trauma, relieve inflammation and flatulence.

A decoction of mint, chamomile and psyllium seeds has good anti-inflammatory properties.

For cooking, you need to take vegetable raw materials in equal proportions (1 teaspoon each), add 250 ml of boiling water, insist for 1.5 hours. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before meals, the course of treatment is 10 days.

1 tablespoon of olive, flaxseed or vegetable oil mixed in a glass of kefir will help get rid of constipation, take the resulting product shortly before bedtime. This recipe can be used for a long time.

A decoction of flax seeds also has a laxative effect.

Drugs for intestinal diverticulosis

Treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs is justified in diverticulitis.
Conservative treatment for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, in addition to antibacterial agents, with associated inflammation, includes the following:

Drugs to improve intestinal motility;
antispasmodics;
laxatives;
vitamin complexes;
drugs to increase hemoglobin.

With complications in the hospital, antibiotics are prescribed intravenously, which increases the effectiveness of treatment. Nutrition is carried out parenterally, which makes it possible to "rest" the gastrointestinal tract.

Surgery for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

In some cases, only surgical treatment can save a life: minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery - resection of the sigmoid colon, or open surgery. The operation is resorted to with frequent recurrences of the inflammatory process against the background of diverticulosis. The essence of the operation is the removal of the pathological site and the stitching (anastomosis) of the ends of the intestine.

What drugs are used for diverticulosis and treatment regimens

According to the indications (inflammatory process), it is possible to use Rifaximin 400 mg 2 times a day. every week of the month for a year. This increases the effectiveness of therapy by 2 times.
Symptoms are also eliminated by Mesalazine at a dosage of 400 mg 2 times a day, 10 days of each month for a year.

If necessary, laxatives and drugs are prescribed to normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora.

Recurrence of diverticulitis, especially with an episode of perforation that has taken place, implies surgery in the amount of resection of the sigmoid colon due to the high risk of developing life-threatening conditions.

Note that suppositories for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon do not exist, another thing is that there are suppositories that help fight constipation.

Important! With intestinal bleeding and suspected acute pathology (appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, etc.), suppositories cannot be used.

In intestinal diverticulosis, it is preferable to use osmotic drugs, which do not increase peristaltic movements, but have a laxative effect. These include:

Lactulose;
Macrogol 4000;
Sorbitol;
Sodium sulfate.

Sorbitol in diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon promotes reparative processes in the mucous membrane, which prevents diverticulitis. Exceeding the recommended dose of osmotic laxatives can increase the processes of gas formation.

Laxatives with dietary fiber:

Mukofalk;
Fiberlex;
Naturolax;
Fibercon.

Candles for diverticulosis should be used with caution, since long-term use, for example, Bisacodyl-based suppositories, may be complicated by intestinal atony.

Glycerin suppositories are considered a safe remedy, with minimal side effects.
Before use, consult your doctor.

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is one of the chronic diseases of the intestine, namely the sigmoid. It manifests itself in the form of saccular hernias - diverticula, formed on the intestinal walls.

The disease occurs in one in ten people who have reached the age of forty. It quickly becomes chronic and by the age of seventy diverticulosis can be found in half the population.

It should be noted that the disease is most widespread in countries where the basis of the diet is animal products. In countries with traditional vegetarianism, the percentage of cases is much lower.

What it is?

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is a pathological process that occurs in the large intestine, accompanied by the appearance of many diverticula, which are baggy protrusions (sigmoid diverticula).

Causes

As you already know, many people have diverticula, but only 10-20% of them develop diverticulitis. Now we will try to figure out what causes provoke the inflammatory process.

1. Inflammatory processes in the large intestine. The cause of diverticulitis can be: ulcerative, spastic or ischemic colitis, infectious enterocolitis, intestinal infections. These diseases cause inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. If in the intestinal lumen it is possible to quickly cope with the bacteria that caused the disease, then in the diverticula they continue to multiply. A weakened local immunity and a violation of the microflora in the intestine contribute to the development of diverticulitis.
2. Fiber-poor foods that cause constipation. If you consume less than 30 g of fiber (dietary fiber), then you are at risk. Note that most of our compatriots receive only half the norm. In this case, the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract slows down. The contents of the intestines become drier and harder and get stuck in the chambers of the colon - constipation develops. The intestine strongly compresses the stool, and the pressure rises strongly. This leads to blockage and inflammation of the diverticula.
3. hereditary predisposition. By inheritance from parents, the structural features of the intestine and the weakness of its connective tissue are transmitted. In this case, the child is born with diverticula or they appear at an early age and are often numerous. With dysbacteriosis or a decrease in immunity, after intestinal infections, diverticula become inflamed.
4. Age. With age, the tone of all muscles decreases, intestinal motility is disturbed, and constipation occurs. The intestinal mucosa becomes thinner, and the immune system is weaker. In older people, diverticula are more likely to form, they are less cleared and therefore more likely to become inflamed.
5. Infection with worms. Helminths living in the intestine damage the mucosa, disrupt the microflora and reduce its protection against bacteria. In such conditions, pathogenic bacteria multiply rapidly, which like to settle on the erosion-covered surface of the diverticulum.

The disease does not have characteristic signs, according to which the doctor could unambiguously say: “This is your diverticulitis!”. The disease is often mistaken for an attack of appendicitis, gynecological diseases or renal colic.

Types of disease

Diverticular disease is classified into the following stages.

1. Acute diverticulosis. It is characterized by manifestations of spasms of the intestinal wall, a failure of the processes of digestion and the intestinal environment.
2. Asymptomatic diverticulosis. Patients have no clinical manifestations of the disease. Diverticula are found in the diagnosis of other pathologies.
3. Complicated diverticulosis. Requires emergency assistance.

Complicated diverticulosis is classified into the following categories.

1. Peri-intestinal infiltrate. Occurs as a result of an inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity, a violation of the integrity of the wall of the diverticulum.
2. Diverticulitis. It develops due to the concentration of feces in diverticula, which contributes to the reproduction of bacteria and infection.
3. Intestinal fistula. When an abscess is opened on the skin of the abdominal wall or a neighboring organ, as a result of suppuration, internal and external fistulas occur that require surgical intervention.
4. Perforation of the diverticulum. In case of perforation into the abdominal cavity, peritonitis occurs, in the mesentery of the sigmoid colon - retroperitoneal phlegmon.
5. Intestinal bleeding. Damage to the mucous membrane with hard stools leads to damage to the vessels and the loss of a lot of blood in the process of defecation and separately.

Diverticular disease is divided into true and false. The true form is congenital and develops as a result of protrusion of all layers of the intestine. The false form of diverticulosis is acquired and develops in the course of life and is characterized by protrusion of the mucosa.

Also separate single and multiple diverticula of the sigmoid colon. The configuration of diverticula is quite diverse: pear-shaped, spherical, oval, etc. They also have different sizes and openings. The smaller the width of the hole, the greater the likelihood of the formation and accumulation of fecal stones in the diverticulum and the formation of an inflammatory process.

Symptoms of inflammation of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon is characterized by a latent course. In some patients, the symptoms appear very brightly, accompanied even by cramping pains. Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon in the stage of inflammation has other symptoms:

• bloating with a bias to the left side;
• aching pain on the left below in relation to the abdomen;
• unstable stool with frequent constipation;
• heaviness in the abdomen, passing only after bowel movement;
• in a more severe form - nausea and vomiting;
• the presence of blood in the stool;
• heat;
• general malaise.

Diverticulosis can be accompanied by almost any intestinal manifestations, depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease. So, there may be constipation, and diarrhea, and abdominal pain, and flatulence. The pain can last from a few minutes to several days.

Since most often diverticula do not provoke any symptoms, when they appear, they speak of clinically pronounced diverticulosis. Any manifestations of this disease already indicate the presence of complications and require immediate treatment. Some of these signs may be caused by other diseases and pathological conditions, such as appendicitis, colic. They can be life-threatening, like diverticulitis itself, so delaying medical attention is not worth it.

If these symptoms appear, you should consult a therapist or surgeon. The doctor will prescribe further examination: ultrasound, x-ray of the intestine, colonoscopy, blood test, etc.

Complications

The development of the disease is fraught with abscess formation, and the abscess can break into the abdominal cavity. The subsidence of symptoms does not in all cases lead to the final resorption of the infiltrate, in which case the mesentery and surrounding tissues harden, which can result in a tumor of the abdominal cavity.

Repeated attacks of diverticulitis can lead to adhesions of the intestine with neighboring organs. Here, the abscess has the ability to open into the bladder, vagina, urethra, small intestine, and fistulas are formed. However, perforation of the sigmoid colon diverticulum into the free abdominal cavity can have rather tragic consequences, since peritonitis develops and rapidly progresses.

Intestinal bleeding in this disease cannot be called abundant, however, it is so pronounced that it is quickly noticed by both the patient and doctors. Its hidden forms are usually manifested in anemia. Since it is quite difficult to recognize the causes of all these symptoms, a comprehensive study is used. In addition to the clinical manifestations of the disease, the results of indispensable X-ray and endoscopic studies are also taken into account.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon assumes an uncomplicated course and the absence of symptoms of the inflammatory process, therefore instrumental methods are used for a detailed study of the disease.

First of all, this is a blood and stool test. The data obtained is quite informative. If diverticulitis is suspected, a colonoscopy is indicated. It allows you to visually examine the state of the intestinal mucosa, and also makes it possible to take a tissue sample for analysis. The device is a flexible tube with a fixed camera, which is inserted into the anus. The image is transferred to the monitor.

1. Irrigoscopy. For a more detailed examination of the sigmoid colon and accurate detection of diverticula, the double contrast method is used: the patient drinks a mixture of barium, and he is additionally injected into the intestinal lumen with air, which expands the formations, and the radiopaque substance additionally contours it. On the obtained radiograph, they are presented in the form of a protrusion, of a certain shape, with a neck that connects with the intestinal lumen. The method allows you to determine the number, type and localization of diverticula.
2. In recent years, ultrasonic examinations have been carried out mainly. It gives a general idea of ​​the state of the sigmoid colon. This method is the safest and most painless. However, it can only detect pronounced diverticula, so some specialists prescribe ultrasound as an additional study.

With exacerbation of the disease, laparoscopy is used. It is both diagnosis and treatment. During its passage, 3 incisions are made through which a high-resolution camera is inserted into the abdominal cavity. It allows you to fix any changes in the outer surface of the intestine. If necessary, the diverticulum is immediately removed by the surgeon. This procedure is performed using general anesthesia.

Treatment of diverticulosis

In the case of the development of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, treatment regimens will depend on many factors: the stage of the disease, the risk of complications, the age and general well-being of the patient, his lifestyle and dietary habits. Uncomplicated diverticulosis is treated conservatively, the treatment of severe forms of the disease involves surgical intervention.

1. If the diverticula are inflamed, but the risk of complications is minimal, a course of antibiotics is prescribed. Treatment with antibiotics is necessarily accompanied by a special diet and the intake of probiotics.
2. If the diverticulum was discovered by accident, it is not inflamed and does not manifest itself in any way, the treatment consists solely in the prevention of constipation, diet correction.
3. With a serious and complicated course of the disease, the patient is hospitalized. Antibiotics are administered intravenously.
4. Surgical intervention is prescribed only as a last resort, with the danger of serious complications, a breakthrough of the diverticulum and peritonitis. In this case, the affected part of the intestine is removed.

Conservative treatment involves an integrated approach that includes a special diet and drug therapy. The patient is prescribed:

1. Painkillers and antispasmodics that reduce muscle spasm (drotaverine, no-shpa, mebeverine);
2. Antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action (cephalosporins, penicillins);
3. Laxatives based on lactulose (duphalac);
4. Prokinetics that stimulate intestinal motility;
5. Preparations that restore the intestinal microflora (linex, bifidumbacterin);
6. Enzymes to improve digestion (mezim, pancreatin, festal);
7. Means that relieve diarrhea and flatulence (biseptol, sulgin).

In severe forms of diverticulosis, the following therapeutic measures are carried out:

1. Unload the intestines with the help of siphon enemas;
2. Do gastric lavage;
3. Carry out infusion therapy with crystalloid solutions;
4. Fresh frozen plasma is used.

Surgery

As a reason for surgery, there are two types of indications - emergency and elective.

Emergency include:

• perforation of the diverticulum;
• profuse bleeding;
• intestinal obstruction.

Planned ones include:

• lack of result from the treatment of the disease by conservative methods;
• the presence of fistulas;
• the formation of a chronic infiltrate.

In most cases, instead of a major abdominal surgery, the intervention is performed laparoscopically. Instead of a large, long-healing suture, several punctures and a small incision remain on the skin of the abdomen to extract the removed part of the intestine. This allows patients to be discharged without complications for 3-5 days.

Folk remedies

1. Carrot seed powder (for this, it is necessary to grind the carrot seeds thoroughly and use this powder several times a day (2–3) with a sufficient amount of water - 200–300 ml).
2. Sauerkraut brine or radish juice (drink a few tablespoons after meals, 1-2 times a day).
3. Infusion of aloe leaves (approximately 150 g of crushed leaves pour 300 g of honey, leave the mixture for 24 hours, strain and take a tablespoon one hour before meals).
4. Flaxseed oil 1 tablespoon daily on an empty stomach.
5. Mint tea (add 2-3 mint leaves to regular tea).

Diet for sickness

The diet should correspond to the needs of the patient's body in calories, and the amount of food consumed at a time should not exceed 200 ml. The multiplicity of meals 6-7 times a day, in order to avoid a small amount of food masses in the intestines.

• lean meats (chicken, beef, rabbit, turkey) and all types of fish;
• eat foods with a high level of fiber (raw vegetables and fruits, cereals, hard pasta and bran);
• exclude store-bought pastries, yeast-based flour products, sweets, smoked foods, salty and spicy foods, as well as legumes, strong tea and coffee, alcoholic drinks from your diet;
• in the morning, be sure to take a tablespoon of flaxseed oil on an empty stomach, which prevents the development of constipation and reduces the inflammatory process in the intestines.

Forecast and prevention

You can avoid the formation of diverticula of the sigmoid colon by adhering to proper nutrition: this disease practically does not occur in those countries where people mainly eat vegetables, fruits and cereals. The diet should consist of foods rich in fiber. First of all, cereals (oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat), fruits, raw and boiled vegetables are needed. You should also pay more attention to moderate exercise.

Due to the fact that 80% of patients with sigmoid diverticula are asymptomatic, the prognosis for this disease is quite favorable. It worsens with age, as atrophic changes in the intestinal walls begin to progress. A less favorable prognosis for complications such as abscess, peritonitis, perforation of the diverticula of the sigmoid colon.