Cobweb species. Description and distribution of the beautiful cobweb. Places of growth and fruiting season of the cobweb mushroom

Cobwebs (Cortinarius) - mushrooms belonging to the cobweb family (Cortinariaceae) and the agaric order. Many varieties are popularly referred to as bog-weeds.

Cobwebs - mushrooms belonging to the cobweb family and agaric order

Mycorrhizal fruiting cap-and-pear body type with a hemispherical or conical, convex or flat cap, having a pronounced tubercle and a dryish or mucous, smooth or noticeably felty, sometimes scaly surface of yellow or ocher, orange-terracotta, brownish-brick, dark reddish, brown- brick or purple staining.

The soft part is relatively fleshy or rather thin, white or ocher-brown, yellow, bluish-violet or olive-green, sometimes changing shade on the cut. All plates are adherent or weakly descending type, thin and relatively often located, of various colors. A cylindrical or club-shaped leg is characterized by the presence of a tuberous thickening at the base. Spores are buffy and brownish.

Features of the triumphant cobweb (video)

Where does the spiderweb mushroom grow

Fruiting bodies of mycorrhizal varieties are able to grow in conifers, as well as not too dense deciduous forests. Varieties are widespread in the temperate climate zone:

• P. excellent found in broad-leaved forests, forming mycorrhiza with beeches, and does not grow in our country;
• P.purple has become widespread in the northern regions and the middle zone of our country;
• P. triumphal mass grows in Eastern Siberia, as well as in the Far East;
• P. grayish blue does not occur on the territory of our country;
• P. blue forms mycorrhiza with beeches and other deciduous trees, grows in Primorsky Krai;
• P. fragrant prefers mixed and coniferous forests for growth and development, where it forms mycorrhiza with beeches and fir.

The most widely spread in our country and in many European countries is large P., which grows mainly in mixed forest zones on sandy soils.

Cobwebs are able to grow in conifers, as well as not too dense deciduous forests.

About the edibility of the cobweb

The taste of mushroom pulp of edible varieties, as a rule, is not very pronounced, but most often it is bitter. Mushroom aroma in many species is completely absent., and some fruiting bodies have a fairly noticeable smell of garden radish. Used for food purposes with great care. Most often, fruiting bodies are fried, salted and marinated.

Types of cobweb mushroom

It is not possible to distinguish between edible and poisonous species by taste or smell, therefore it is very important to know the exact description and external characteristics of cobwebs, which are most common in our country.

Gallery: types of cobweb (45 photos)

Сortin.triumphans - has a hemispherical or cushion-shaped, semi-prostrate upper part of an orange-yellow color with the remains of a spathe and a sticky or dry surface covering a thick, soft, whitish-yellowish flesh with a pleasant aroma. The plates are of a weakly adherent type, narrow and frequent, light smoky cream or bluish-brown in color with a rusty-reddish-brown spore powder. The lower part of the fruiting body is strongly thickened, cylindrical in shape.

Sortin.alboviolaseus - has a round-bell-shaped, convex or convex-prostrate hat with an elevation in the central part and a silky-fibrous, shiny, smooth, sticky surface of lilac-violet-silver or white-lilac coloring. The plates are medium-frequently arranged, narrow, grayish-blue, bluish-ocher or brownish-brown, with the presence of rusty-reddish-brown spore powder. The area of ​​the leg is club-shaped, with a weak mucous membrane. The soft part is thick and watery in places,gray-blue, brown, with an unpleasant odor.

Сortin.armillatus - has a hemispherical, gradually opening, cushion-shaped hat with a wide and blunt tubercle in the central part, covered with a dry and fleecy, orange or reddish-brown color with remnants of a red-orange-brown veil. The soft part is thick and dense, brownish in color, with a pronounced musty smell and a complete absence of mushroom taste. Plates of an adherent type, wide and relatively sparse, grayish-cream, slightly brownish or rusty-brown in color, with brown-rusty-red spore powder. The lower part of the fruiting body is lighter, with an extension at the base, with bracelet-like remains of a bedspread.

Spiderweb is the most special

Сortin.rubellus - has a conical or prostrate-conical hat, with a sharp tubercle in the center and a finely scaly, reddish-orange, reddish-orange or bright brownish surface covering the tasteless and radish-smelling flesh of a reddish-orange-ocher color. Thick and wide plates are rare, adhering to the stem, orange-ocher or rusty-brown in color, with rusty-reddish-brown, spherical spores with roughness. The lower part of the fruiting body is cylindrical in shape, of sufficient density.

Cobweb purple (video)

Сortin.rholideus - has a bell-shaped, slightly convex, with a blunt elevation in the center and numerous scales of dark brown coloring of the cap, covered with a pale brown, brownish-brown skin. Differs in rare, grayish-brownish plates with a lilac-violet tint and the presence of brown spore powder. The lower part of the fruit body is cylindrical or slightly club-shaped, with an extension at the base, solid or hollow, with a smooth, grayish-brownish scaly surface. Loose type, gray-violet-brown the pulp has a slight musty smell.

We offer a description and photo of the cobweb of various species and varieties - this information will help diversify quiet forest hunting and make it more productive.

Look at the poisonous and edible cobweb mushroom in the photo and try to find it in the forest during the next outing into nature:

Cobweb mushroom in the photo

Cobweb mushroom in the photo

The mushroom is edible. Description of the spiderweb mushroom white-violet: caps 3-10 cm, at first spherical pale purple, then silvery or pale lilac hemispherical with a tubercle, and finally open. The plates remain for a long time under a powerful cobweb covering that connects the edge of the cap with the stem. The plates are rare, adhering to the tooth, at first gray-blue, rusty-ocher after opening the bedspread. Leg 5-12 cm long, 1-2 cm long, white-purple or covered with white-purple cotton wool, expanded at the bottom. The flesh is pale lilac, has no unpleasant odor.

Cobweb mushrooms in the photo and description are presented in various versions, this will allow you to recognize them in the forest:

It grows very abundantly in lingonberries and blueberries, among mosses in glades and on the edge of a pine forest. Sometimes it appears on dry deciduous forest belts, where it is thicker and with a smoother surface.

Its twin, the inedible goat web (Cortinarius traganus), differs from it in the presence of the smell of acetylene.

The white-violet cobweb is edible after preliminary boiling.

Consider other edible cobweb mushrooms that grow in the forests of central Russia. All edible cobweb mushrooms with photos and descriptions must be able to distinguish from poisonous specimens, since they are a mortal danger.

Cobweb bracelet
Cobweb excellent

Bracelet web (Cortinarius armillatus)

Spiderweb bracelet grows in deciduous and coniferous forests

Spider web bracelet in the photo

The mushroom is edible. Hat up to 5-12 cm, at first red-brick, hemispherical, covered with cobwebs, then rusty-brown, opened in the form of a lampshade, and, finally, open, fibrous with a thin edge. The leg is cylindrical or club-shaped, light brown, 6-4 cm long, 1-2 cm thick, decorated with brick-red bracelets. The pulp is ocher, has no unpleasant smell. Spore powder is rusty brown.

It grows in deciduous and mixed forests under birch and in pine forests among mosses.

Fruiting from August to October.

It differs from inedible cobwebs by the presence of orange stripes on the leg and the absence of an unpleasant odor.

The mushroom is edible but tasteless. Suitable as a filler for dishes and preparations from other mushrooms.

Superb cobweb (Cortinarius praestans)

The mushroom is edible. Hats up to 3-12 cm, at first spherical, closed with a cobweb, then hemispherical, finally open, in wet weather very slimy and sticky, when dry, smooth, brown or "burnt sugar" color. The plates are thick whitish with a purple tinge or yellowish. Leg 5-15 cm, whitish, widened below. The pulp is white, dense with a pleasant smell.

It grows mainly in deciduous forests, but also occurs in coniferous forests. Prefers calcareous soil.

Fruiting from July to October.

It differs from inedible and poisonous cobwebs by the absence of an unpleasant odor.

If you are not sure that you know this mushroom, it is better not to collect it.

The cobweb excellent in some countries is valued on a par with porcini mushrooms.

Above, we looked at what cobwebs look like, suitable for eating, and now it's the turn of inedible species. It is worth knowing that the poisonous cobweb mushroom is very dangerous, because it can be fatal.

See how the poisonous cobweb looks like in the photo, remember it and under no circumstances pick it up in the forest:

Cobweb lazy
Cobweb lazy

Goat web
Common cobweb

Cobweb lazy (Cortinarius bolaris)

Cobweb lazy in the photo

Cobweb lazy in the photo

The mushroom is inedible. Caps up to 3-8 cm, at first hemispherical, then convex and finally open, clay-yellow, densely covered with large red or red-orange scales. In young mushrooms, the scales are glued to the surface of the cap, the yellow color of the surface is visible only as small gaps between the red scales. In mature mushrooms, the scales diverge over the surface of the cap and lag behind it at the edge. The plates are clay-yellow, then brown, turning red when damaged. Leg 5-7 cm long, 5-15 mm thick, cylindrical, reddish-fibrous, often scaly, like a cap. The flesh is whitish with a brownish tinge. Spore powder is yellow-green.

It grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on acidic soil.

Fruiting from August to September.

Has no poisonous twins.

Goat web (Cortinarius traganus)

The mushroom is inedible. Massive hats 3-12 cm, at first, spherical and lilac, then hemispherical and, finally, open ocher, with a fringed edge. The plates are ocher-yellow with a violet tint, later brownish-ocher. Leg lilac or yellow, with scales, 5-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, with an extension at the bottom. The flesh of young mushrooms is white-blue, then ocher with an unpleasant "goat" smell of acetylene.

Grows very abundantly in deciduous and coniferous forests, on windbreaks, often in large groups.

Fruiting from August to October.

Goat cobweb does not have poisonous twins.

The goat web is inedible due to the unpleasant smell of acetylene.

Common cobweb (Cortinarius triviah)

The edibility of the mushroom is questionable. Caps up to 5-8 cm, at first hemispherical, then convex or open, mucous yellow-rusty-brown, straw-yellow when dry. The plates are white-gray with a purple tint, later rusty-brown. Leg yellow or with a bluish tinge, 8-12 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, covered with mucus in the upper part, with dark belts in the lower part. The flesh is light whitish-buffy, in old mushrooms with a slight unpleasant odor.

It grows in deciduous and mixed forests under poplars, birches, oaks and pines.

It bears fruit from July to September in large numbers.

It looks like an inedible slimy cobweb (Cortinarius mucosus) with a white leg.

The common cobweb is not designated as a poisonous mushroom, but its edibility is in doubt.

Cobweb is not the most common mushroom. Its family includes almost 40 species. Beginning mushroom pickers sometimes confuse cobweb with other mushrooms and throw it into a basket, not thinking that it can be deadly. Cobwebs are distinguished by a wide variety of shapes and colors. The names of mushroom species speak for themselves: cobweb orange, crimson, white-purple, etc.

general information

The cobweb family got its name due to the cobweb-shaped bedspread connecting the mushroom leg with the hat. It is especially noticeable in young mushrooms. In more mature representatives of the family, the gossamer encircles the lower part of the leg with a porous ring. All varieties of this mushroom have a round cap., which becomes progressively flatter as it grows. Its surface has a smooth or scaly texture and can be either slippery or completely dry.

The stem and the surface of the mushroom cap have almost the same color. The standard shape of the stem is cylindrical, but in some species it has a thickened base. The flesh of the mushroom is usually white, but may be colored. The cobweb family is very fond of moisture. Most often they can be found near wetlands, for which they received the nickname "swamps".

Mushrooms of this family are common in the European part of Russia, but it is quite difficult to meet them. Some types of cobwebs are listed in the Red Book. Cobwebs rarely grow alone. Usually these are clans from 10 to 30 pieces, clustered in wet lowlands. It is recommended to collect them from the end of summer until the first frost.

The most special - the most poisonous cobweb. To avoid getting a deadly mushroom in the basket, you need to learn more about it. The cap of an adult beautiful mushroom reaches a diameter of up to 10 cm. In young mushrooms, it can be in the form of a cone. With the growth of the fungus, the cap changes its appearance and acquires a flat-convex shape with a blunt tubercle in the center. The surface is dry, velvety, slightly scaly at the edges. The color of the cap can be from red-brown to ocher-brown.

The stem of an adult mushroom reaches 12 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width, it slightly expands towards the base and is covered with noticeable bracelets of gossamer bedspreads. The surface is orange-brown, fibrous. The flesh of the mushroom is yellow-ocherous, tasteless. Sometimes it has a faint smell of radish.

Among the people, cobweb mushrooms that appear in the forests in late August - early September are called bog mushrooms. This is explained by the fact that these fruiting bodies, growing in small groups, can often be found in swampy areas.

The mycological classification provides a description of about 700 species of cobwebs, and in the international "Dictionary of Mushrooms" there are at least 2000 of them.

September cobwebs occupy more and more spaces. It is in September that you can see the largest number of cobwebs.

Among them: white-violet, evening, smooth-skinned and others. They prefer slightly elevated places on the edges of the forest.

Cobweb white-purple

Habitats of the white-violet cobweb (Cortinarius alboviolaceus): coniferous and mixed forests, grow in small groups or singly.

Season: collection September - November.

The cap has a diameter of 4-8 cm, sometimes up to 10 cm, smooth, silky, at first hemispherical or bell-shaped, later convex-prostrate with a blunt tubercle in the center. A distinctive feature of the species is a silver-violet or bluish-purple hat. The cap often has radial stripes or strokes of a bluish-violet color.

As can be seen in the photo, the leg of the white-purple cobweb has a height of 5-12 cm, a thickness of 6-20 mm, often curved, with a strong thickening near the base:

Photo gallery

The color of the stem is also silvery purple or whitish. In the upper part of the leg, remnants of a white veil are often visible.

The flesh is whitish or bluish, has purple spots on the cut, and becomes purple in old mushrooms.

The plates are adnate with a tooth, infrequent, in young specimens light gray, later light brown.

Variability: The color of the cap varies from silvery purple to bluish.

Similar types. According to the purple tint of the cap, the white-violet cobweb can be confused with the anomalous cobweb (Cortinatius anomalis), which differs in a smooth silky cap, without a tubercle, a gray-yellow leg and a beige-purple tint of the plates, as well as in the absence of a strong swelling of the base of the leg.

Cooking methods: frying, after preliminary boiling for at least 25 minutes.

These photos clearly illustrate the description of the white-purple cobweb:

Photo gallery

Evening cobweb

Habitats of evening cobweb (Cortinarius vespertinus): coniferous and deciduous forests, in damp places, near swamps, grow in groups.

Season: August - October.

Pay attention to the photo - in this cobweb mushroom, the hat has a diameter of 2-5 cm, smooth:

Photo gallery

First convex, later convex prostrate. A distinctive feature of the species is a convex cap with edges wrapped inward, smooth, buffy or beige-brown. The surface of the cap becomes sticky in wet weather.

The leg has a height of 3-7 cm, a thickness of 5-18 mm, has a thickening up to 3 cm near the base, at first white, later cream, yellow-straw with brownish scales from the remains of the bedspread.

The flesh is white at first, later light cream, tasteless and odorless. The plates are at first adherent straw-colored, later notched-adhered brownish-clay color.

Variability: The color of the cap varies from yellow-brown to beige-brown and brown.

Similar types. According to the description, the evening cobweb mushroom is similar to the common cobweb (Cortinarius trivialis), which differs in that the edges of the cap do not wrap inward. A rare species listed in the regional Red Books. Status - 3R.

Inedible.

Smooth-skinned cobweb

Habitats of smooth-skinned peacock (Cortinarius allutus): coniferous and deciduous forests, in damp places, near swamps, grow in groups.

Collection season: July - October.

The cap has a diameter of 4-8 cm, sometimes up to 10 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex-prostrate. A distinctive feature of the species is a yellow-orange cap with lighter, often wavy edges. With age, the edges of the cap crack.

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
• Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
• Family: Cortinariaceae (Spiderwebs)
• Genus: Cortinarius (Spiderweb)
• View: Cortinarius orellanus (Orange-red cobweb)

Other names for mushroom:

Other names:

• Cobweb mountain

• Cobweb orange-red

Description:
Orange-red cobweb (Cortinarius orellanus) has a dry, matte cap, covered with small scales, 3-8.5 cm in diameter, hemispherical at the beginning, then flat, with an inexpressive tubercle, orange or brown-red with a golden tint. All of them are distinguished by non-slip, always dry fruiting bodies, a felt-silky hat and a slender, not thickened leg. The plates are painted in colors from orange to rusty brown.

Spreading:
Cobweb orange-red- a relatively rare species. It has not yet been found in some countries. In Europe, it grows mainly in autumn (sometimes at the end of summer) in deciduous, and occasionally in coniferous forests. It forms mycorrhiza mainly with oak and birch. Most often appears on acidic soils. Learning to recognize this extremely dangerous fungus is very difficult, because there are many similar species; because of this, even for a specialist, it is not easy to determine the orange-red webbed.

Note:

Cobweb orange-red - deadly poisonous. Contains the poisonous substance orellanin, which causes pathological changes in the kidneys. Signs of poisoning appear 3-14 days after ingestion of the fungus. The fungus retains its toxic properties after boiling in water or drying.

The orange-red cobweb, like other species, was considered a harmless fungus until 1960. The prevailing opinion was that among the huge number of cobwebs (more than 400 species grow in Europe alone), there are only bitter inedible species and relatively tasty species that are suitable for writing.

However, after the frequent poisonings that took place in Poland, many of which turned out to be fatal, it was possible to establish that their culprit was the orange-red spiderweb - smelling like a radish and a pleasant-tasting mushroom. During chemical analysis, several toxic compounds- orellanin, cortinarin, benzoinin, etc. Eating this and other types of cobwebs is especially dangerous because the first signs of poisoning do not appear immediately, but after a rather long time - from 3 to 24 days. Then comes the rapid deterioration of the human condition, impaired kidney function and death.