Edible mushrooms and plants. Beware of poisonous mushrooms: a selection of known species. The dangerous ones are

Knowledge about edible mushrooms will be useful to every mushroom picker. Edible mushrooms are those that are safe to eat and do not require special preparation. Edible mushrooms are divided into several types, the most famous of them are tubular, lamellar and marsupial. You can read more about edible mushrooms in this article.

signs

Edible mushrooms are called mushrooms that do not require special processing, they can be cooked and eaten immediately. Edible mushrooms do not contain any toxic substances that can harm the body, they are absolutely safe for humans.

The nutritional value of edible mushrooms is divided into four categories, from high quality mushrooms to low grade mushrooms.

In order to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible mushrooms, you need to know some common distinguishing features:

• edible mushrooms do not have a specific pungent odor;
• the color of edible mushrooms is less bright and catchy;
• edible mushrooms usually do not change color after cutting or breaking the cap;
• the flesh may darken during cooking or when broken;
• in edible mushrooms, the plates are attached to the stem more firmly than in inedible ones.

All these signs are conditional and do not give an exact guarantee that the mushroom is edible.

The video clearly shows how to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones using the example of the most common mushrooms. It also tells what to do in case of poisoning:

Conditionally edible

In addition to edible mushrooms, there are also conditionally edible mushrooms. They are classified in a separate category because they secrete a bitter juice or contain poison in very small quantities.

Such mushrooms must be subjected to special processing before cooking, namely:

• soak (from 4 to 7 days);
• boil (15-30 minutes);
• scald with boiling water;
• dry up;
• salt (50-70 g of salt per 1 liter of water).

Among conditionally edible mushrooms, even with special processing, it is recommended to use only young specimens, without signs of aging or decay.

Some mushrooms may only be inedible when eaten with other foods. For example, dung beetle is not compatible with alcohol.

Kinds

There are 3 types, which are divided into edible and conditionally edible.

Tubular

Boletus mushrooms differ in the structure of the cap, which has a porous structure resembling a sponge. The inner part is permeated with a large number of small tubes intertwined with each other. Mushrooms of this species can usually be found in the shade of trees, where there is little sunlight, damp and cool.

Among tubular mushrooms, both edible and conditionally edible are common. Their fruits are very fleshy and have a high nutritional value.

Among the edible tubular mushrooms, there are many poisonous twins. For example, a safe white fungus can be confused with an inedible bile fungus. Before collecting, you should carefully study the signs characteristic of edible fruits.

Most popular edible

Below are tubular mushrooms that can be eaten without any precautions:

White mushroom or boletus

The most famous representative of tubular fungi. If you pay attention to the hat, you can see that it is slightly convex, pale brown in color, with light areas. The inner side of the cap is pierced with white or yellowish pores, depending on the age of the fungus, with a mesh structure. The pulp is white, fleshy, juicy, has a mild taste. When cooking and drying, a rich mushroom smell appears. The leg is thick, brown.

Mushroom pickers are advised to look for boletus in the forests, in the shade of pines or birches. Harvest is best between June and September.

Oilers

The cap is conical, brown, oily to the touch due to the mucus covering it. The inside of the cap is yellowish, in early mushrooms it is covered with a light mesh, which breaks through with time. The flesh is tender and light, closer to the leg it has a brownish tint. The leg is thin, light yellow.

Butterflies usually grow in families. They can be found in the pine forest from July to September.

mokhovik

The color of the cap can be light brown or pale green, with a yellow interior. When cut, the flesh turns blue, but it is not poisonous. The leg is dense, from 4 to 8 cm in height.

The mushroom grows in the forest, in loose soil, sometimes found near swamps. The best time for the Mokhovikov Cathedral is the period from July to October.

boletus

Differs in a convex wide cap of orange-red color. The pulp is porous, light, but becomes darker when broken. The leg is dense, narrowed at the top, covered with dark scales.

You can find a mushroom in a mixed forest, under aspens or near pines. Productivity is observed in the period from August to September.

Common boletus

The gray-brown hat has the shape of a semicircle. The lower part is light, soft to the touch. The flesh is white, but darkens during cooking. The leg is long, white, covered with dark scales.

The mushroom grows in families, under birch trees. Collection time - June-September.

polish mushroom

Similar to a boletus. Has a brown hat. Pulp with wide pores, pale yellow, darkens when cut. The leg is light brown, with a barely noticeable striped pattern.

When wet, the skin of the fungus is more difficult to separate.

Often found under pine trees, on loose soils. You can go on a quiet hunt for the Polish mushroom from July to October, inclusive.

Boletin

On a hat with a matte surface there are thin scales. Color variation from brown to yellowish may be observed. The pulp is yellow, has a pronounced mushroom smell. Leg brown. In early mushrooms, you can see a yellowish ring on the stem.

Can be found in forests, in particular mixed or deciduous. They are usually harvested from August to October.

Bruise

This mushroom is the rarest of the presented. It has a wide flat cap, slightly concave inward at the edges. The surface of the cap is dry, grayish-brown. When pressed, it acquires a blue tint. The flesh has a brittle structure, cream color, but when broken it becomes cornflower blue. It has a delicate taste and smell. The stem is long, thick at the base.

Some mushroom pickers mistake the mushroom for being poisonous because of its color-changing properties. However, it is not poisonous and quite pleasant to the taste.

It is most commonly seen in deciduous forests between July and September.

Special attention should be paid to conditionally edible mushrooms. There are quite a lot of them among tubular fungi. The most common ones are described below.

Dubovik olive-brown

Hats are large and brown. The internal structure is porous, with time it changes color from yellowish to dark orange. When broken, the color darkens. The leg is full, brown, covered with a reddish mesh. It is used in pickled form.

They usually grow near oak forests. Duboviks are harvested from July to September.

Dubovik speckled

It has a wide hat, the shape of which is like a semicircle. The color generally varies from brown to brown-black. The surface of the cap is velvety to the touch, becomes darker when pressed. The flesh is red-brown, when broken it changes color to blue. Has no smell. The leg is high, thick, thin scales can be seen on it. Dubovik speckled is eaten only after boiling.

Can be found in forests - both coniferous and deciduous. Harvest from May to October. Peak fruiting is in July.

More details about oak trees are described.

chestnut mushroom

The hat has a rounded brown color. In young mushrooms, the surface is velvety to the touch, in older ones, on the contrary, it is smooth. The pulp is characterized by white color. It has a slight hazelnut scent. The stem is close in color to the cap, thinner on top than on the bottom. Before eating, the mushroom must be dried.

Found near deciduous trees from July to September.

Kozlyak

The cap of this mushroom is most often flattened. Reddish-brown in color. The peel is difficult to separate from the cap. The pulp is dense, elastic, pale yellow. Turns pink when cut. After cooking, the mushroom acquires a pinkish-purple color. The leg is high, cylindrical in shape, usually curved. The color of the legs is similar to the hat. Most often boiled before eating, salted or pickled.

Can be found next to the pines. Distributed from August to September.

pepper mushroom

The cap is rounded, convex. Flattens out over time. The color is yellow-brown or red-brown. May become sticky when wet. The pulp is fragile, yellow in color. Differs in the expressed sharp taste. These mushrooms have a short leg, moderately thin. The color of the stem is almost the same as that of the cap, but lighter.

The mushroom is used as a powder seasoning as a pepper substitute. It cannot be eaten otherwise.

Pepper mushroom can be found in coniferous forests. Most often it is harvested from July to October.

lamellar

Lamellar mushrooms are called because of the cap, the inside of which is pierced by thin plates containing spores for reproduction. They stretch from the center to the edges of the cap along the entire inner surface of the mushroom.

Lamellar mushrooms are the most common and well-known type of fungi. Quiet hunting for mushrooms of this species lasts from mid-summer to early winter. They can grow in both deciduous and coniferous forests.

Most popular edible

The most famous of the edible agaric mushrooms are given in this list:

Chanterelle

It is distinguished by a concave hat with curved edges, the color of the hat is yellow-orange. The pulp is of a delicate yellow color, if you touch it, you can find that the structure is quite dense. The leg has a color identical to the hat and continues it.

Widespread in deciduous and coniferous forests. It is necessary to collect from July to October.

Chanterelles have poisonous counterparts. You should pay attention to the color of the cap, in harmful mushrooms it is usually light yellow or pinkish.

Ginger

The hat is covered with rings, it can be concave towards the middle. Has a light orange color. The pulp also has an almost orange color, dense structure. The leg is small, identical in color to the hat.

You can find it in coniferous forests, under pine trees. Collected from July to October.

autumn honey agaric

The cap is convex, covered with thin scales. The color ranges from honey to pale green-brown. The pulp of dense structure, light. Attractive with its delicate scent. The legs are narrow, pale yellow, darker towards the bottom, with a small ring under the hat.

Can be found in deciduous forests, on woody surfaces. Mushrooms are advised to search from September to November.

The honey agaric also has a dangerous double - a false honey agaric. Its differences lie in the absence of a ring on the leg, its color is olive or almost black, more saturated.

Russula

In young mushrooms, the caps are shaped like a hemisphere, in older ones they become flat. Differs in light brown, pink-brown, pink color. The inner side is fragile, whitish, becoming darker with age. The stem has a cylindrical shape, it can be dense or hollow inside, depending on the variety.

Russula can be seen in mixed forests from June to November.

The hat has a convex shape, cream color. The inner side is white, with a dense structure. It tastes like flour. The leg is long, white, with an orange tint at the base.

Grows in meadows and pastures. Fruiting time is from April to June.

Ringed cap

The cap of this mushroom is shaped like a cap, for which it got its name. She has a warm pale yellow color, sometimes close to ocher, with a striped pattern. The inside is soft, slightly yellowish. The leg is strong and long.

It can be found mainly under coniferous trees, sometimes under birch or oak. They are usually harvested between July and October.

Mokruha felt

The shape of the cap is dome-like and has a yellow-brown hue. Pulp color ocher. The leg is elongated, in earlier mushrooms it is covered with a white net.

Widespread in coniferous forests. Collected from June to October.

Ryadovka honey agaric

The hat is convex in shape. The surface is fibrous, the color varies from red to orange-yellow. The pulp is white, with thick plates. The leg is cone-shaped, white, covered with reddish scales. It is recommended to eat only fresh.

You can find it under the pines, from March to November.

Champignon

It has a round hat with edges wrapped inward, white or brownish in color, with the age of the fungus it opens. The flesh is light, with time it changes its color to gray. The leg is low, light, dense structure. Mushrooms darken when cooked. They have a pronounced mushroom smell.

Grow in mixed forests or meadows. It is advised to collect from June to September.

oyster mushroom

The hat is ear-shaped, has curved edges. Usually light or pale gray in color. Has a smooth surface. The leg is short, thin, white. Pulp with wide plates, white or pale yellow. They do not have a pronounced odor. It is recommended to be eaten young, as old mushrooms have a rigid structure.

They belong to oyster mushrooms, they usually grow in families on trees or rotten stumps. Usually can be collected in warm weather from August to September.

Champignons and oyster mushrooms are cultivated mushrooms. They are bred in artificial conditions for human consumption. They are most often found on the shelves of shops and supermarkets. Oyster mushrooms are possible.

The most popular conditionally edible

Among agaric mushrooms, conditionally edible mushrooms can also be found. You will read about some of them below:

real breast

The cap is white, with pale yellow spots. Rolled down. The pulp is dense, light, smells like fruit. The leg is white, cylindrical in shape. When cut, the leg releases caustic juice. Must be soaked before use.

Collected in birch groves and coniferous forests. Collection time is from June to October.

Black breast

The hat has a swamp green color. Differs in a semicircular shape, wrapped around the edges. The pulp has a delicate yellow color. The leg is short, full, pale yellow, if the mushroom is broken, then caustic juice is released. You can eat after salting.

Distributed in coniferous forests, from June to October.

Volnushka pink

In early mushrooms, the shape of the cap is convex, with the edges wrapped to the bottom. The old ones are flatter, the edges are even, concave in the middle. The skin is covered with thin villi, has a pale pink or almost whitish color. The pulp is white, dense, exudes burning juice when broken. The leg is firm, pale pink, narrowed towards the top. They are eaten salted.

Grows in birch and mixed forests. Collect should be from June to October.

Talker

The hat is convex, gray-brown, covered with a whitish coating. The flesh is pale white in color and has an earthy odor. The leg is short, cream-colored. Before eating - boil for 25-30 minutes.

Grows in mixed forests. You can collect from March to April.

rubella

This mushroom has a convex cap shape, has a concave part in the middle. The structure is fragile, brittle. The color of the cap is brown, with a glossy surface. The underside is light brown. The pulp is bitter in taste. The stem is medium in length, brownish in color. This mushroom can be eaten after salting.

Found under beech or oak from June to October.

White dung beetle

The hat is light, completely covers the leg. There is a brown tubercle at the end of the cap. The surface is covered with brownish scales. The pulp is white. Leg long, white. Dung beetle should be cooked in the first 2 hours after cutting, having previously boiled.

It can be found in loose soil in pastures and meadows. Grows from June to October.

Value

The cap is rounded in young mushrooms, but becomes flat with age. The color varies from yellow to brown. The surface of the value is shiny and slightly slippery when touched. The pulp is light, rather fragile, bitter. The stem has a barrel-shaped shape, it is light, covered with brown spots. Before eating, the mushroom must be peeled, soaked in salted water or boiled for 15-30 minutes. Mushrooms are usually salted.

It grows in coniferous forests, occurs from June to October.

Serushka

The cap is semicircular, with a tubercle in the middle. The color of the mushroom varies from dark gray to brown with a purple tint. The pulp has a light color, it has a fruity smell. The stem is medium in height, hollow, has the same color as that of the cap. Mushrooms are soaked and salted.

Grows in clearings and forest edges. You can find from July to September.

violinist

These mushrooms have a wide cap, white in color, covered with small villi. The pulp is dense, firm, emits caustic juice. The stem is short, hairy. Before salting, it is recommended to soak.

They grow in groups, under needles or birch. Harvested from July to October.

bitterness

The cap is bell-shaped, with raised edges. Outwardly, it resembles chanterelles, but differs in brown-red color. The surface is smooth, covered with small villi. The color of the pulp is lighter than that of the cap, fragile, emits caustic juice. Leg of medium length, reddish color, covered with villi. The mushroom should also be soaked and salted.

Gathered near coniferous trees and birch groves. Mostly found from July to October.

marsupials

This category includes all mushrooms in which spores are in a special bag (ascus). Therefore, the second name of this type of mushroom is ascomycetes. The bag of such mushrooms can be located both on the surface and inside the fruiting body.

Many mushrooms of this species are conditionally edible. Among the absolutely edible can be called only black truffle.

The fruit body has an irregular tuberous shape. The surface is coal-black, covered with numerous irregularities. If you press on the surface of the fungus, it changes color to rusty. The flesh is light gray in young mushrooms and dark brown or black-purple in older ones. Pierced with white veins. It has a pronounced aroma and pleasant taste.

Black truffle is considered a delicacy.

It grows in deciduous forests, at a depth of about half a meter. The best time to look for truffles is from November to March.

Conditionally edible marsupial mushrooms include:

Truffle white

The fruiting bodies are irregularly shaped, with numerous protrusions. The color ranges from light to yellowish. Old mushrooms are covered with reddish spots. The pulp is white, has a pronounced smell and a nutty taste. When used, it needs additional culinary processing.

It occurs among coniferous trees in the cold season.

Line ordinary

The hat is irregularly shaped, dotted with numerous furrows. The color is most often brown, with a dark tint, but there are representatives of brighter colors. The pulp in its structure is quite brittle, smells like fruit, pleasant to the taste. The leg is full, light.

This mushroom should be boiled before eating, for 25-30 minutes. Most often, the line is dried.

Can be found in coniferous forests and under poplars. Fruiting from April to June.

Morel edible

The hat is rounded in shape, elongated at the end. The color may vary from yellowish to brown. The surface is uneven, covered with cells of various shapes and sizes. The pulp has a very brittle and tender structure, it is creamy in color and pleasant in taste. The leg is cone-shaped. In young mushrooms, it is white; in older mushrooms, the color becomes close to brown. Suitable for use after boiling or drying.

It grows in well-lit places, mainly in deciduous forests. Can be found in parks and apple orchards. You can collect from April to October.

Curly lobe

The fruits of the blade have an irregular shape, while the leg fuses with the cap. The leg is covered with small notches. The fruits are usually light or cream in color. Eat after boiling.

It is advised to search in coniferous forests from July to October.

Otidea (donkey's ear)

The fruiting body is a bowl with curved edges. The color can be dark orange or ocher yellow. Equipped with a barely noticeable false leg. Before use, boil for 20-30 minutes.

Distributed in deciduous forests from September to November. Mostly grows in moss or on old wood.

The marsupials also include yeast, which is often used in confectionery.

It should be remembered that not all mushrooms are safe - there are many poisonous counterparts, and without knowledge of the distinguishing features it is difficult not to be mistaken. Therefore, it is better to eat only well-known edible mushrooms, use the advice of experienced mushroom pickers, and if in doubt, it is better not to take such a mushroom.

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Autumn is a harvest time, and for experienced mushroom pickers it is also an opportunity to fill your basket with healthy and tasty mushrooms. To know which mushrooms are edible and which are not, you need to carefully study encyclopedias and it is advisable to use the advice of experienced mushroom pickers. Mushrooms that have a lamellar cap structure are usually edible, but not all of them have such a structure, so you should better familiarize yourself with all descriptions of edible mushroom species.

Albatrellus ovine

Usually mushrooms are solitary, but can grow together with a lateral or central leg. The stem of the mushroom grows about 7 centimeters long and 3 centimeters in diameter, the shape of the cap looks like an irregular circle, it is slightly convex in the center, and later becomes flat and elastic. The surface of the cap may have a grayish yellow, pale gray or white color. When the young mushroom cap is slightly scaly, almost smooth, then the scales become more pronounced. The mushroom has white flesh that tends to change color to yellowish lemon when dried.

Auricularia (ear-shaped)

A unique mushroom in terms of the amount of nutrients. It has an interesting shape that resembles a wrinkled ear, its hat grows 8 centimeters in height, 12 centimeters in diameter and 2 millimeters in thickness. Outside, it is covered with a small fluff and has an olive-yellowish brown color, inside it is shiny and gray-purple. The stem of the fungus is usually difficult to see, it dries out in drought and is able to recover after rain. This woodland edible mushroom is found on trees and prefers oak, alder, maple and elderberry.

Porcini

The mushroom has a hemispherical cushion cap, it is quite fleshy and convex, the cap span is 20-25 centimeters. Its surface is slightly sticky, smooth, its color is brown, light brown, olive or purple-brown. The mushroom has a fleshy cylindrical foot, the height of which does not exceed 20 centimeters and 5 centimeters in diameter, it expands at the bottom, the outer surface has a light brown or white tint, and there is a mesh pattern on top. Most of the leg is usually in the litter (underground). This is one of the many edible mushrooms that are common in the Saratov region.

White boletus

The shape of the mushroom cap is hemispherical, and then pillow-shaped, its diameter is about 15 centimeters, naked and can become mucous. The outer part of the cap can take on various shades of gray and brown. The leg is solid, cylindrical, diameter is 3 centimeters, length is about 15 centimeters. At the bottom, the stem of the fungus expands slightly, its color is whitish-gray and there are longitudinal dark scales. The tubes of the spore-bearing layer are long, its color is white, turning into dirty gray.

white boletus

The mushroom belongs to large species, the scope of the cap reaches a diameter of 25 centimeters, the color of the outer part is white or some shades of gray. The lower surface of the fungus is finely porous, white at the beginning of growth, in old mushrooms it becomes gray-brown. The leg is quite high, it thickens at the base, its color is white, there are oblong scales of brown or white color. The structure of the pulp is dense, usually it is blue-green at the base of the fungus, at the break it becomes blue almost black. This species belongs to edible mushrooms, which are collected by mushroom pickers in the Rostov region.

The size of the cap of the mushroom varies between 2-15 centimeters, sometimes 30 centimeters, in young growth it is hemispherical, maturing, becomes concave or flat-prostrate, usually has an irregular shape. The structure of the cap is scaly and smooth, the color of the outer surface is usually white, but yellowish-white caps are found in older specimens. The leg of the mushroom is thick, its height is only 4 centimeters, and its diameter is about 3 centimeters, it narrows closer to the base, the skin of the young is white, becoming slightly yellowish with age. The pulp has an elastic structure, the plates of the spore-bearing layer are wide, they are white or yellowish-brown.

Boletin marsh

The diameter of the mushroom cap usually does not exceed 10 centimeters, its shape is flat-convex, pillow-shaped, a tubercle is observed in the center. It is felt-scaly, fleshy and dry, the color of young growth is quite bright purple or cherry red, burgundy, in old mushrooms with a yellowish tint. The height of the stem reaches 4-7 centimeters, and the diameter is 1-2 centimeters, at the base of the mushroom the stem is slightly thickened, sometimes the remains of a ring are visible, under which it is red and yellow on top. The pulp has a yellow, slightly bluish color, the spore-bearing layer descends onto the stem, its color is yellow, and then brown, the pores are wide.

Borovik

The cap has a rounded shape at the beginning of growth, later it transforms into a flat-convex one, its color is dark almost black, the skin is smooth, slightly velvety. The pulp is dense in structure, its color is white and it does not change when cut, it is distinguished by a pronounced mushroom aroma. The leg is massive, has a club-shaped shape, it is strongly thickened at the base, its color is terracotta, and a white mesh can always be seen on top. If you press your fingers on the hymenophore, you can observe the appearance of olive-green spots.

Value

The hat in diameter grows from 8 to 12 centimeters, and sometimes 15 centimeters, is painted yellow or brown-yellow. Juveniles have a spherical cap, which, when ripe, opens and becomes flat, it is shiny and smooth, mucus is present. The shape of the leg is barrel-shaped or cylindrical, the length is 5-11 centimeters, and the thickness is about 3 centimeters, its color is white, but can be covered with brown spots. The flesh is rather fragile, it is white, but gradually darkens on the cut up to brown. The spore-bearing layer is white or dirty cream, the plates are narrowly adherent, frequent, and have different lengths.

oyster mushroom

The size of the mushroom cap in diameter varies from 5 to 22 centimeters. There is a skin of different colors: yellowish, white, fawn, blue-gray, ash or dark gray, the shape is shell-shaped, rounded or ear-shaped, its surface is matte and smooth, and the edges are thin. The short leg is cylindrical, its surface is smooth, the base is felt. The fleshy pulp is juicy, white and pleasant to the taste with a slight mushroom aroma. The plates fall on the leg, they are wide and medium-frequency, in young animals they are white, and then become grayish. This edible mushroom is common in the Kuban.

Volnushka

The cone-shaped cap reaches 5-8 centimeters in diameter, it has a creamy white color and darkens closer to the middle, the surface is very fleecy along the edges of the cap fluffy. The stem of the mushroom can grow to a length of 2-8 centimeters, and about 2 centimeters in thickness, the color of the surface does not differ from the outer part of the cap, it tapers closer to the base. The pulp is brittle white, milky juice is released at the break. The plates are descending, adherent, narrow and frequent, white in young growth, cream or yellow in old mushrooms. This species can be found in the expanses of the Moscow region.

Hygrofor

The mushroom cap usually does not grow more than 5 centimeters in diameter, rarely grows up to 7-10 centimeters, it has a convex shape, often with a small tubercle in the middle, secretes mucus in rainy weather, can be painted in gray, white, reddish or olive color. The leg has a dense structure, its shape is often cylindrical, coloring to match the hat. The plates are rarely located, they are thick, descending and waxy, they are white, pink or yellow.

Talker

The mushroom cap usually has a small size of only 3-6 centimeters in diameter, its shape is funnel-shaped, the skin is dry and smooth, the cap is very thin, its color is pale yellowish-brown, light chestnut or gray-ash. The cylindrical stem does not grow more than 4 centimeters in height and 0.5 centimeters in thickness, the skin color is pale yellow, it is always lighter than the surface of the cap. The plates are adherent, infrequent and wide, they are always light-colored or whitish.

Golovach

A very unusual and peculiar representative of rain mushrooms. Its fruit body is huge, has the shape of skittles or clubs, the color of young growth is rich white. The height of the mushroom can reach 20 centimeters, its white flesh has a loose structure. The stem of the fungus can be much larger than the fruiting body or much smaller. You can only eat mushrooms that are not fully ripe, they are easy to distinguish from old ones, because they are darker and the outer surface of the cap is cracked.

Lattice mushroom

The mushroom cap in scope is about 5-11 centimeters, the outer surface can be brown, brown or reddish, sometimes with a red tint, in young animals it is slightly convex, then it becomes more even, flat, smooth to the touch. The height of the cylindrical leg reaches 5-12 centimeters, usually does not differ in color from the cap, it is smooth to the touch, hard and dense, sometimes slightly curved. The pulp of the mushroom has a brown or yellow tint, at the cut site it becomes slightly pinkish. The tubular layer is always slightly lighter than the cap, it is light brown or yellowish.

Pepper

The hat is convex in young animals and prostrate in more mature ones, funnel-shaped in old ones, with a diameter of 13-15 centimeters. The skin is dry, matte, its color is white with small spots of brown-yellow color. Dense, thick, white pulp exudes light milky juice; on the cut, it turns green over time. A distinctive feature of the fungus is its narrow and frequent plates of white with a creamy tint.

Black breast

The mushroom usually grows singly, despite the name, its color is not black, but greenish-olive-brown. The hat is flat or funnel-shaped with a hole in the middle, its surface is adhesive-astringent, span 10-20 centimeters. The leg is rather short, only 3-7 centimeters, its thickness usually does not exceed 3 centimeters, and is more narrowed at the base. The pulp has a grayish-white hue and darkens on the cut, releasing milky juice. The lamellar layer is off-white and turns black when pressed. The land of the Kaliningrad region is very rich in this type of edible mushrooms.

Dubovik ordinary

A massive hat, the span of which is 5-15 centimeters, rarely grows up to 20 centimeters, hemispherical in young animals, then opens and transforms into a pillow-shaped one. The velvety surface is gray-brown and brown-yellow colored irregularly. The flesh is dense with a yellow tint, on the cut it immediately acquires a blue-green color and eventually turns black. The leg is club-shaped and thick, its height is 5-11 centimeters, and its thickness is from 3 to 6 centimeters, the color is yellowish, but darker closer to the base, there is a dark mesh. The hymenophore changes color greatly with the age of the fungus, at first it is ocher, then red or orange, and in old specimens it is dirty olive.

Blackberry (Ezhovik) yellow

The diameter of the cap varies between 4-15 centimeters, its shape is unevenly wavy, convex-concave, and the edges are bent inward. The slightly velvety skin is dry and comes in reddish orange and light ocher. The length of the leg is about 4 centimeters, the width is not more than 3 centimeters, the structure is dense, and the shape is round-cylindrical, the surface is smooth, light yellow in color. The flesh is light, brittle and dense, on the cut it acquires a brownish-yellow hue. The hymenophore is a dense light cream-colored spines that descend on the stem.

yellow-brown boletus

A large hat grows about 10-20 centimeters, and sometimes up to 30 centimeters in diameter, its color is yellowish-gray and bright red, the shape changes with age, at first spherical, later becomes convex or flat (rarely). The fleshy flesh at the break acquires a distinct lilac hue, and later almost black. The leg is about 15-20 centimeters high, 4-5 centimeters wide, has a cylindrical shape, thickens downwards, white on top, with a green tint below. The spore-bearing layer is gray or whitish, the pores are small, the tubular layer is very easy to separate from the cap.

Yellow and yellow-brown flywheel

At first, the hat has a semicircular shape with a tucked edge, and then becomes pillow-shaped, 5-14 centimeters in size, the surface is pubescent, gray-orange or olive, over time it cracks, forming small scales, they disappear when ripe. The leg has a club-shaped shape, its height is 3-9 centimeters, and the thickness is 2-3.5 centimeters, the surface is smooth lemon-yellow or slightly lighter, brownish or red below. The flesh is light yellow or orange, firm, may turn blue at the break. Tubules adhering to the stem, the pores are small, grow larger as they mature.

winter mushroom

A small hat can grow about 2-8 centimeters in diameter, in young animals it is convex-rounded, later it becomes convex-prostrate, the surface is smooth, mucous orange-brown, but slightly darker in the middle. The plates are rare, cream, darken with age. The leg grows up to 8 centimeters in height, it does not exceed 1 centimeter in thickness, has a cylindrical shape, usually yellow on top, and darker, brown or red below. The flesh of the cap is soft, and on the stem is more rigid, has a light yellow tint.

Umbrella motley

The diameter of the mushroom cap is impressive, from 15 to 30 centimeters, and sometimes all 40 centimeters, it is ovoid at the beginning of growth and gradually transforms into a flat-convex, prostrate and umbrella-shaped, there is a tubercle in the middle. The surface of the cap is white-gray, pure white or brown, it always has large brown scales, with the exception of the center of the cap. The plates are adherent to the collarium, their color is creamy white, and red streaks appear over time. The leg is very long, 30 centimeters and above, its thickness is only 3 centimeters, it thickens at the base, the surface of the skin is brown.

May calocybe (Ryadovka)

The cap in scope is 5-10 centimeters, in young animals its shape is pillow-shaped or hemispherical, it opens with age and loses its symmetry, the edges can be bent. The surface is yellowish-white, dry and smooth, the flesh is dense, its color is white, there is a distinct mealy smell. The plates are adherent, narrow and frequent, at first almost white in maturity, light cream. The width of the stem is 1-3 centimeters, the height is 2-7 centimeters, the surface is smooth, usually the shade is identical to the color of the outer surface of the cap.

Lacquer pink

The cap changes its shape with age, in young mushrooms it is bell-shaped or convex-depressed, and in adulthood it becomes convex with a depression in the middle and often cracks with wavy edges. Coloring, depending on weather conditions, is pink-carrot, yellow or almost whitish. The plates are adherent, wide, usually their color matches the shade of the outer part of the cap. The length of the cylindrical leg is 8-10 centimeters, it is even, the structure is dense, slightly darker than the cap or has an identical color. The pulp is watery, has no special smell.

Lyophyllum elm

The hat is about 4-10 centimeters, convex in young growth, fleshy, the edge is wrapped, it tends to transform into a more open one when ripe, its color is light beige or white, there are “watery” spots on the surface. The plates are attached to the stem with a tooth, they are frequent and always slightly lighter than the shade of the cap. The length of the mushroom stem is 5-8 centimeters, usually no more than 2 centimeters in diameter, the shape is curved, the shade often coincides with the outer part of the cap.

Chanterelles

The fruiting bodies of the mushrooms are large and medium-sized, their shape is cap-shaped, the cap is almost funnel-shaped, fleshy, its edge is thick and blunt, the color varies within shades of red or yellow, rarely whitish. The stem is usually short and rather thick, the flesh is yellow or white, mostly becoming distinctly blue or red when cut. The hymenophore is folded, thick folds are not separated from the cap, but there are specimens with a smooth spore-bearing layer.

Butter dish white

The diameter of the cap does not exceed 11 centimeters, it has a convex cushion-like shape at an early stage of maturation, and later becomes flattened or concave, in young animals the surface is painted white and only at the edges the outer part is pale yellow, then it acquires a yellowish or grayish-white hue, which darkens in wet weather. The skin of the cap is naked, smooth and slightly slimy, but when dried it begins to shine. The flesh has a yellow or white color, it tends to change it on the cut to wine red. The height of the leg is 3-8 centimeters, the thickness is not more than 2 centimeters, its shape is cylindrical, but it can also be spindle-like at the base.

Butter dish yellowish (Marsh)

Mushrooms grow singly and in large groups, on average, the size of the cap is 3-6 centimeters, but it can grow up to about 10 centimeters, young growth usually has a spherical hat, the mushroom acquires an open or pillow-shaped shape when ripe. Its color varies between gray-yellow and yellowish-brown, but it can also be rich chocolate. The thickness of the leg does not exceed 3 centimeters, there is an oily ring, above which the leg is white, and below it is yellow. In young specimens, the ring is white, in old specimens it is purple. The pores of the spore-bearing layer are round and small, the pulp is mostly white.

Oil can summer granular

The mushroom gives the impression of dry, since the surface of the cap is not sticky, its shape is round-convex, it can grow up to 10 centimeters in diameter, it is first painted brown, red, then yellow-ocher and pure yellow. A thin tubular layer is light in young and light gray-yellow in maturity, the tubules are short with rounded pores. The pulp is quite soft, brown-yellow and thick, has almost no smell, but the taste is pleasant. The length of the leg is about 7-8 centimeters, the thickness is almost 2 centimeters, the surface is painted yellow.

Larch butter dish

The size of the cap ranges from 3 to 11 centimeters, it is conical or hemispherical, elastic and fleshy, when ripe, it tends to transform into a convex or prostrate shape. The surface of the cap is shiny, slightly sticky, smooth and easily detached. The tubules are short, adherent, the pores are small, their edges are sharp, they secrete a little milky juice. The length of the leg is 4-7 centimeters, the diameter is about 2 centimeters, it is curved or cylindrical, it is hard. The pulp has a yellow tint and a dense structure; it does not lose color on the cut.

Butter dish pepper

The span of the cap is 3-8 centimeters, the convex-rounded shape is inherent in the younger generation, later it is almost flat, the surface is velvety, dry usually shines in the sun, becomes slimy with high humidity. The hat is colored light brown or copper, sometimes with an orange, brown or red tint. The length of the leg is 3-7 centimeters, and the thickness is only 1.5 centimeters, it is mostly cylindrical or slightly curved, tapering closer to the base. The pulp is yellowish, friable, the tubules descend on the leg, the pores are large, painted brown-red.

Oiler late

The diameter of the cap is about 10 centimeters, in young animals it is convex, then it transforms into a flat one, in the middle you can see a tubercle, it is colored chocolate brown, sometimes there is a purple tint. The surface is mucous and fibrous, the tubules are adherent, the pores are small, pale yellow in young animals, then they acquire a brown-yellow hue. The solid leg has a cylindrical shape, no more than 3 centimeters in diameter, is painted lemon yellow closer to the cap, and brown at the base. The pulp is juicy, soft, white with a lemon tint.

Oil can gray

Cushion hat 8-10 cm in span, light gray, may have a purple or green tint, mucous surface. The color of the tubular layer is usually grayish-white or brownish-gray, wide tubules are descending. The pulp is watery, has no strong taste and smell, its color is white, but turns yellow towards the base of the stem, turns blue at the break. The height of the stem is 6-8 centimeters, there is a wide felt ring that disappears as it ripens.

Mokruha purple

The span of the cap does not exceed 8 centimeters, it is neatly rounded at a young age, ripening, opens and even becomes funnel-shaped, its color is lilac-brown with a wine-red tint. The outer part is smooth, slimy in young animals, the flesh does not have a strong odor, it is lilac-pink and thick. Wide plates descending on the leg, pinkish-purple in young animals, and in adulthood dirty brown even black. The leg is curved, 4-9 centimeters long, diameter - 1-1.5 centimeters, its color usually matches the tone of the outer surface of the cap.

mokhovik

The cap has a hemispherical shape, the surface is brown and velvety, there are cracks on it, the diameter does not exceed 9-10 centimeters, in mature mushrooms the cap is transformed into a cushion shape. The leg is thin (2 cm) and long (5-12 cm), tapers at the base, sometimes slightly curved. The color of the pulp is red or yellow, a distinctive feature is the acquisition of a blue tint on the cut.

Honey mushrooms

At a young age, the cap is hemispherical, then it becomes umbrella-shaped or almost flat, its scope varies between 2-9 centimeters, usually the surface is covered with small scales, but when ripe, the fungus gets rid of them. The color of the cap is light yellow, cream or reddish, but the center is always darker than the rest of the surface. Mushrooms have a very long leg, it can grow from 2 to 17 centimeters, and the thickness is no more than 3 centimeters. This type of edible mushroom is loved by mushroom pickers in the Crimea.

cobweb

Hat-legged fruiting bodies, growing to different sizes, create a common cobweb cover around themselves. In young animals, the hat often has a conical or hemispherical shape, and when it matures, it becomes convex, usually with a pronounced tubercle in the middle. The skin is colored orange, yellow, brown, brown, purple or dark red. The shape of the stem is cylindrical, but can also be club-shaped, usually its shade matches the color of the outer part of the cap, the fleshy flesh is yellow, white, olive green, ocher or purple, tends to change color on the cut.

Cobweb purple

The span of the cap does not exceed 9 centimeters, at the beginning its shape is rounded-bell-shaped, ripening, it becomes convex with a blunt tubercle of medium size, and then completely prostrate, often with a wide tubercle in the middle. The surface is smooth and shiny, its color is initially whitish-lilac or lilac-silver, and with age, a yellow-brown or ocher middle is more and more prominent. The plates are narrow, of medium frequency, grown with a tooth, in young animals they are bluish-gray, then they acquire an ocher-gray or brown-brown hue. The cobweb cover is dense lilac-silver, and later reddish. The height of the club-shaped leg reaches 5-9 centimeters, the thickness is usually no more than 2 centimeters, the pulp is soft and thick, watery in the leg.

Petsitsa

The mushroom is quite interesting, as such it has neither a cap nor a leg, it consists of a sessile fruiting body, which in young growth has the shape of a bubble, and when ripe it looks more like a saucer, the edges of which are wrapped. The diameter of such a saucer reaches 8-10 centimeters, the surface of the mushroom is smooth, painted in various shades of brown, glistens in wet weather. The pulp of the fruiting body is rather brittle and thin.

Plutey

The fungus has a cap-shaped fruiting body, the size of which can be completely different. The shape of the cap is bell-shaped or prostrate, usually in the middle with a small tubercle, the scope of the caps varies between 2-20 centimeters. The surface is dry, sometimes fibrous, smooth and even scaly, its color varies from white to black, usually brown-brown. The fleshy pulp is yellow, white or grayish, the color does not change. Cylindrical stem widens slightly closer to the base, lamellar hymenophore is white or pink, but becomes brown with time.

Plyutey lion-yellow

The size of the cap is 2-5 centimeters, at the beginning of growth its shape is bell-shaped, later it acquires a flat-convex, convex or prostrate shape, its skin is dull-velvety, smooth to the touch, the color is honey-yellow or brownish. The plates are wide at first yellow, and in old mushrooms they become pink. The length of the stem is about 4-6 centimeters, it is quite thin, only 0.4-0.7 centimeters, the shape is cylindrical, it can be even or slightly curved, fibrous, often there is a nodule base, the stem is colored yellow-brown, closer to the base it is always a little darker . The pulp, dense in structure, has a pleasant smell.

Plyutey deer

The caps are usually small, their diameter is from 5 to 15 centimeters, in young animals they are convex, then they acquire a flatter shape, and a tubercle in the center, the skin is smooth, brownish or gray-brown. Wide plates are often located, their color is pink or white. The leg is thin and long, the flesh is fleshy, white and has a pleasant smell, it is a bit like the smell of a radish.

Black boletus boletus

The scope of the mushroom cap is 5-10 centimeters, but it can grow up to 20 centimeters, at first it has a hemispherical shape, later it is convex-cushion-shaped, the skin is smooth from the cap does not separate, it is covered with a small layer of mucus in wet weather, painted in brown-black shade. The free hymenophore is easy to separate from the cap; it is white, becoming gray-brown with age. The leg is dense, 5-13 centimeters high, the thickness does not exceed 6 centimeters, usually expanded at the base, the surface is covered with small scales.

Common boletus

The hat is hemispherical, convex or pillow-shaped, size from 6 to 15 centimeters. The shade of the outer part is gray-brown or brown, the surface is silky, usually hanging over the edge of the cap a little. The hymenophore is light, turns gray with age, the leg of the young is club-shaped, thickened below, its height can reach 10-20 centimeters, but it is thin, only 1-3 centimeters, covered with scales of dark shades over the entire surface. The flesh is almost white, the structure is dense in the stem, loose in the cap. It is one of the many edible mushroom species found even in Siberia.

Boletus multi-colored

The cap of the mushroom is painted gray-white, a distinctive feature is the uneven color, its scope reaches 7-11 centimeters, the shape can vary from closed hemispherical to slightly convex and cushion-shaped. The spore-bearing layer in young growth is light gray, in old mushrooms it is gray-brown, the tubes are finely porous. The leg is cylindrical, high from 10 to 15 centimeters, its diameter is 2-3 centimeters, it thickens closer to the base, usually it is densely covered with dark scales.

rosy boletus

The hat is unevenly colored, it is a small brown-yellow, but there are also lighter spots. At first, the tubular layer is white, maturing, it acquires a dirty gray color. The pulp has a dense structure, its color is white, but turns pink on the cut, and then darkens. The stem of the mushroom is short, the surface is painted white, but covered with dark scales, it is slightly curved, and thickens closer to the base.

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The mushroom is a large mushroom, there are specimens whose cap diameter is 30 centimeters, its shape is flat-convex, there is a hole in the center, the edges are concave, the surface is painted in light colors in young animals, and darkens with age. The plates are narrow and rather thin, usually white, but there are also bluish-green. The stem of the mushroom is powerful, usually in tone with the outer surface of the cap, wider at the base.

Milkweed (Spurge)

The hat is medium in size (10-15 centimeters) is colored brown-orange, often the surface is covered with cracks, its shape is flat-convex, then becomes funnel-shaped. dense pulp has a creamy yellow tint, secretes milky juice at the break. The plates are descending on the leg, adherent, creamy yellow, but when pressed, they immediately darken. The shape of the stem is cylindrical, about 10 centimeters high, 2 centimeters thick, the color usually matches the tone of the hat.

Boletus boletus

The hat changes with age, at first it is hemispherical, tightly fitting to the stem, then it acquires a convex-pillow shape, it is easily separated from the stem, usually does not exceed 16 centimeters in diameter. The surface is velvety, red-brown in color, the notched hymenophore is easy to separate from the pulp, its color is white or creamy gray, turning red when pressed. The length of the leg varies from 6 to 15 centimeters, the thickness can reach 5 centimeters, it is cylindrical, solid, and can sink deep enough into the ground. The pulp is dense, painted white, but on the cut it immediately acquires a blue color.

Boletus red (Krasnogolovik)

The hat is distinguished by a bright red-orange color, its span reaches 4-16 centimeters, spherical at a young age, then it acquires a more open shape, the surface is velvety, protruding along the edges. The pulp has a dense structure, the color is white, blackens at the break. The spore-bearing layer is uneven, thick, white in young growth, brown-gray in old mushrooms. The massive leg is about 5 centimeters thick, thickens at the base, the entire surface of the leg is covered with fibrous longitudinal scales.

Polevik early

Young specimens have a cap 3-7 centimeters in diameter, it is hemispherical, but when ripe, tends to open up to a prostrate shape, the skin is vaguely yellow, may fade and become off-white. Wide plates grown with a tooth are light in young animals, then they acquire a dirty brown hue. The leg, 5-7 centimeters long, usually has an identical color with the hat, but at the base it is slightly darker, the remains of the ring may remain on top. The flesh has a pleasant smell, it is white in the cap and brown in the stem.

semi-white mushroom

The hat is medium in size from 5 to 15 centimeters, and sometimes grows up to 20 centimeters, its shape transforms as it matures from convex to almost flat, the outer part is smooth, painted in light brown. The pulp is yellowish, dense, does not change color on the cut, has a distinct smell of iodine. The length of the stem is 5-13 centimeters, the diameter is about 6 centimeters, the skin on the stem is rough and slightly fleecy at the base. The spore-bearing layer is yellow or olive-yellow, the pores are small and rounded.

polish mushroom

The span of the cap is about 5-13 centimeters, but sometimes there are specimens of about 20 centimeters, at the beginning of growth it is hemispherical, then it becomes more convex and acquires a flat shape in old age. The surface is brown-red, olive-brown, almost chocolate or brown-brown, it is smooth, velvety and dry. The tubular layer is adherent, the pores are wide or small, it is colored yellow, but turns blue when pressed. The leg is massive, reaches 4-12 centimeters in length, and 1-4 centimeters in thickness, the shape is usually cylindrical or swollen, the surface is smooth and fibrous. The flesh has a distinct mushroom odor and is firm when young, becoming softer with age.

Float white

The cap is of medium size ovoid in youth and opens in old age, but usually there is a tubercle in the center, the skin is white, the edges of the cap are ribbed. The plates are frequent, free and painted white. The thickness of the leg is 2 centimeters, the length is not more than 10 centimeters, the entire surface is covered with white scales, the leg thickens at the base. The flesh is white and has no strong odor or taste.

Porkhovka

The fruit body of the fungus is ovoid or spherical, 3-6 centimeters in diameter, the flesh is white and has a pleasant smell, the leg is absent. You can use the mushroom only at a young age, when the color of the outer surface is still white, after it turns black, spores begin to be thrown out.

Ginger

The thick, fleshy cap is 4-13 centimeters in diameter, flat when young, later becoming funnel-shaped with inwardly curled edges, the surface is slightly covered with mucus, painted in a red or whitish-orange hue, but there are dark concentric circles. The plates are notched, adherent, narrow, their color is yellow-orange. The pulp is fragile, turns red at the cut, and then turns green, secretes milky juice. The cylindrical stem is usually painted identically to the hat, its height is about 4-6 centimeters, and its diameter is 2 centimeters. These edible mushrooms are often collected by mushroom pickers in the Stavropol Territory.

Sparassis curly

The fruit body is a cluster of curly, fleshy lobes, in general it looks like a lush spherical bush, the lobes are wrinkled or smooth, their edge is wavy or dissected. The diameter of the fruiting body varies between 5-35 centimeters, its height is 15-20 centimeters, it can weigh 6-8 kilograms. The root-like leg is thick and is attached in the middle of the fruiting body. The spore-bearing layer is located on the lobes (on one side), it is colored gray or creamy white. The pulp is fragile, but fleshy, its smell is completely different from mushroom.

Russula

In young animals, the cap is usually bell-shaped, spherical or hemispherical, later transforming from flat to prostrate or funnel-shaped with straight or curled edges. The surface is of different colors, matte or shiny, dry, but sometimes wet, easily separated from the pulp. Adherent plates notched, free or descending. The leg is even cylindrical, hollow inside, the pulp is fragile, dense, painted white, but tends to change color with age or on the cut. The most delicious and common type of edible mushrooms in the Belgorod region.

Caesar mushroom

The diameter of the cap varies between 7-21 centimeters, at first its shape is hemispherical or ovoid, then it becomes convex-prostrate, the skin is colored fiery red or orange, naked, with a ribbed edge. The plates are frequent, free, yellow-orange. A strong leg reaches 6-18 centimeters in length, and does not exceed 3 centimeters in thickness, it is cylindrical-club-shaped, painted in a golden or light yellow hue. The flesh is firm, yellow-orange or white.

Scales golden

The fungus grows in large groups, usually on or near trees. The span of the cap is from 5 to 20 centimeters, broadly bell-shaped at the initial stage of growth, later flat-rounded, the shade of the outer part is dirty golden or rusty yellow, red scales are present over the entire surface. The plates are tooth-grown to the stem, wide, have a light yellow color. The height of the leg is 8-10 centimeters, the thickness is 1-2 centimeters, the surface color is yellow-brown, the skin is covered with scales.

Champignons

The size of the fruiting body can reach 5-25 centimeters, the massive cap has a dense structure, in young animals it is round, ripening, acquires a flatter shape, the skin is smooth, rarely covered with scales, the color is white, brown and brown. The plates are located freely, have a white color, as they mature, they change color to pinkish, and then almost black. The leg is even, central, hollow inside, there is a ring. The flesh is whitish, in the air it tends to turn yellow or red.

Alexander Gushchin

I can't vouch for the taste, but it will be hot :)

Content

Before you go to the forest for a “silent hunt”, you need to find out the varieties, name, description and look at photos of edible mushrooms (eukaryotic organisms). If you study them, you can see that the lower part of their cap is covered with a spongy structure where spores are placed. They are also called lamellar, they are very much appreciated in cooking, thanks to their unique taste and many useful properties.

Types of edible mushrooms

In nature, there are a large number of different mushrooms, some can be eaten, while others are dangerous to eat. Edible ones do not threaten human health, differing from poisonous ones in the structure of the hymenophore, color and shape. There are several types of edible representatives of this kingdom of wildlife:

• boletus;
• russula;
• chanterelles;
• milk mushrooms;
• champignons;
• White mushrooms;
• honey mushrooms;
• rubella.

Signs of edible mushrooms

Among eukaryotic organisms, there are also poisonous ones, which outwardly almost do not differ from useful ones, so study the signs of their difference in order to avoid poisoning. For example, white fungus is very easy to confuse with mustard, which has an inedible bile taste. So, you can distinguish an edible mushroom from its poisonous counterparts by the following parameters:

1. Place of growth, which can be recognized from the description of edible and dangerous poisonous.
2. A pungent unpleasant odor that poisonous specimens contain.
3. Calm discreet color, which is typical for representatives of the food category of eukaryotic organisms.
4. Food categories do not have a characteristic pattern on the stem.

Popular edibles

All mushrooms edible for humans are rich in glycogen, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and a lot of minerals. This class of wildlife as food has a positive effect on appetite, promotes the production of gastric juice, and improves digestion. The most famous names of edible mushrooms:

• camelina;
• porcini;
• boletus;
• oiler;
• boletus;
• champignon;
• fox;
• honey agaric;
• truffle.

This species of edible lamellar eukaryotic organisms grows on a tree and is one of the popular objects of "silent hunting" among mushroom pickers. The size of the cap reaches a diameter of 5 to 15 cm, its shape is round with edges bent inward. In mature mushrooms, the top is slightly convex with a tubercle in the middle. Color - from gray-yellow to brown shades, there are small scales. The pulp is dense, white, has a sour taste and a pleasant smell.

Autumn mushrooms have cylindrical legs, up to 2 cm in diameter and 6 to 12 cm long. The top is light, there is a white ring, the bottom of the leg is dense brown. Mushrooms grow from late summer (August) to mid-autumn (October) on deciduous trees, mainly on birch. They grow in wavy colonies, no more than 2 times / year, the duration of growth lasts 15 days.

Another name is yellow fox. It appeared due to the color of the cap - from egg to rich yellow, sometimes faded, light, almost white. The shape of the apex is irregular, funnel-shaped, 6-10 cm in diameter, in young ones it is almost flat, fleshy. The pulp of the common chanterelle is dense with the same yellowish tint, a slight mushroom smell and a spicy taste. Leg - fused with a hat, narrowed down, up to 7 cm in length.

These edible forest mushrooms grow from June to late autumn in whole families in coniferous, mixed, deciduous forests. Often it can be found in mosses. The baskets of mushroom pickers are especially full of them in July, which is the peak of growth. Chanterelles are one of the famous agaric mushrooms that appear after rain and are eaten as a delicacy. Often they are confused with saffron milk caps, but if you compare the photos, you can see that the saffron cap has a flatter cap, and the leg and flesh are of a rich orange color.

They are also called pecheritsy and meadow champignons. These are edible cap mushrooms with a cap of a spherical convex shape in diameter from 6 to 15 cm and with brown scales. Mushrooms are first white and then brownish caps with a dry surface. The plates are whitish, slightly pink, and later brown-red with a brown tint. The leg is even, 3-10 cm long, the flesh is fleshy, with a delicate mushroom taste and smell. Mushrooms grow in meadows, pastures, gardens and parks, it is especially good to collect them after rain.

These edible mushrooms are very popular in cooking, they are prepared in all possible ways. Boletus mushrooms have a cap color from light gray to brown, their shape is pillow-shaped with a diameter of up to 15 cm. The flesh is white with a pleasant mushroom aroma. The leg can grow up to 15 cm in length, has a cylindrical shape, extended to the bottom. Common boletus grows in mixed, birch forests from early summer to late autumn.

Butterflies are one of the best known edible eukaryotic organisms. Often they grow in large groups mainly on sandy soils. The oil cap can be up to 15 cm in diameter, has a chocolate brown color with a brown tint. The surface is mucous, easily separated from the pulp. The tubular layer is yellow, adhering to the leg, which reaches a length of up to 10 cm. The pulp is juicy white, becoming yellow-lemon over time, thick legs. Butter dish is easily digested, therefore it is eaten fried, boiled, dried and pickled.

These edible mushrooms grow in whole piles, which is why they got their name. The hat is dense, cream-colored, up to 12 cm (sometimes up to 20 cm) in diameter. The plates have yellowish edges, the stem is white, cylindrical in shape up to 6 cm in length. The pulp is dense, white with a pronounced pleasant smell and taste. This variety grows in mixed, birch, pine forests from July to the end of September. Before going after mushrooms, you need to know what they look like and be prepared to look for them, because they hide under the foliage.

Conditionally edible mushrooms

Eukaryotic organisms from this classification differ from the previous ones in that they are forbidden to be eaten without prior heat treatment. Before starting cooking, most of these specimens must be boiled several times, changing the water, and some need to be soaked and fried. Check out the list of mushrooms that belong to this group:

• woodland champignon;
• morel cap;
• spherical sarcosoma;
• cobweb blue;
• fox false;
• pink wave;
• thyroid disease and others.

It can be found in summer and autumn in coniferous, deciduous forests. The cap diameter is from 3 to 6 cm, it is painted in a bright orange color with a brown tint, has a funnel shape. The pulp of the false chanterelle is soft, viscous, without a pronounced smell, taste. The plates are orange, frequent, descending along a thin yellow-orange stalk. False chanterelle is not poisonous, but can disrupt digestion, sometimes has an unpleasant woody taste. Hats are mainly eaten.

This eukaryotic organism has several names: volnyanka, volzhanka, volnukha, rubella, etc. The cap of the volnushka has the shape of a funnel with a sunken center, the color is pink-orange, the diameter is up to 10 cm. The leg is cylindrical, tapering to the bottom, up to 6 cm in length . The pulp of the volnushka is fragile, whitish in color, if it is damaged, light juice and a pungent odor will appear. It grows in mixed or birch forests (usually in groups) from late July to mid-September.

The color of this eukaryotic organism depends on its age. Young specimens are dark, brown, and brighten with age. The hat of a morel cap resembles a walnut, all dotted with uneven stripes, wrinkles, similar to convolutions. Its leg is cylindrical, always curved. The pulp is similar to cotton wool with a specific smell of dampness. Morel caps grow on moist soil, next to streams, ditches, water. Harvest peaks in April-May.

Little known edible mushrooms

There are different varieties of edible mushrooms and, having come to the forest, you need to know which of them can be considered inedible. To do this, before the "quiet hunt" be sure to study the photographs and descriptions of eukaryotic organisms. There are such rare specimens that it is not immediately clear what they are - poisonous, inedible or quite suitable for food. Here is a list of some little-known edible representatives of this class of wildlife:

• raincoat;
• funnel talker;
• row purple;
• garlic plant;
• pigeon oyster mushroom;
• flake hairy;
• polish mushroom;
• rowing gray (cockerel);
• white dung beetle and others.

It is also called chestnut mushroom or pan mushroom. It has an excellent taste, so it is highly valued in cooking. The moss fly cap is hemispherical, convex, from 5 to 15 cm in diameter, becomes sticky in the rain. The color of the top is chocolate brown, chestnut. The tubular layer is yellowish, and with age - golden and greenish-yellow. The leg of the flywheel is cylindrical, it can narrow or expand towards the bottom. The pulp is dense, fleshy, with a pleasant mushroom smell. Chestnut flywheel grows on sandy soils under coniferous trees, sometimes under oak or chestnut.

Such eukaryotic organisms are presented in several forms: gum-bearing, fiery, golden and others. They grow in families on dead and living trunks, on stumps, roots, in hollows, and have medicinal properties. Often, flake can be found under spruce, apple, birch or aspen. The cap is convex, fleshy, from 5 to 15 cm in diameter, has a yellow-honey color, the flesh is pale. Leg up to 2 cm thick and up to 15 cm high, one-color, scaly, on young specimens there is a ring. Scaly hairy contains a substance used to treat gout.

The second name is the common rot. The cap is convex, becomes flat with age, up to 3 cm in diameter. The color of the crown is yellow-brown, light at the edges, the surface is dense, rough. The pulp of garlic is pale, has a rich smell of garlic, thanks to which the name appeared. When the mushroom dries, the smell intensifies even more. The leg is brown-red, light at the base, empty inside. Common non-rotters grow in large families in different forests, choosing dry sandy soil. The peak of growth is from July to October.

They are not always taken even by experienced lovers of “silent hunting” and in vain, because raincoats are not only tasty, but also healing. They appear in meadows and pastures after rains. The cap diameter is 2-5 cm, the shape is spherical, the color is white, sometimes light brown, there is a hole for spores on top. The pulp of the raincoat is dense, but at the same time tasty, juicy, becomes soft with age. Young mushrooms have spikes on the surface of the cap, which are washed off over time. The leg is small, from 1.5 to 3.5 cm in height, thickened. Raincoats grow in groups in parks and lawns, the peak harvest is from June to October.

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Edible mushrooms: names with descriptions

Mushrooms germinate throughout the Russian Federation from the beginning of spring until the first frost. And in some regions where the temperature does not fall below 0 degrees, winter mushrooms delight mushroom pickers even in the cold months. December, January and February, although not the most popular mushroom months, are still relevant among professionals who know all breeds not only by description and pictures, but also visually. But what about beginners who do not know most of the popular mushrooms, but want to make quiet hunting their hobby? As an option, find out the names of mushrooms with pictures, finding out which of the mushrooms are edible and which are inedible according to the description with the photo.

Today's article contains the most popular types of mushrooms with a detailed description and distinctive features that tell you how to distinguish false and poisonous species from conditionally edible and edible mushrooms. Useful information, presented in a short form, can become not only useful in the study, but also a lifesaver and an extra reminder for quiet hunting.

mushroom classification

The mushroom world is divided not only into edible, inedible, conditionally edible and poisonous species, but also classifications. Criteria divide mushrooms according to the structure of the cap into three types:

1) spongy or tubular - on the reverse side they resemble small tubes or a washing sponge;
2) lamellar - based on the name, they demonstrate the presence of plates;
3) marsupials - are wrinkled hats and most often represent a breed of morels.

Mushroom season and sprouting sites

You can find mushrooms even close to the roadway. True, it is not worth collecting the gifts of nature near polluted areas. Mushrooms - resemble a sponge that absorbs toxins and poisons. Therefore, in order not to harm their health, doctors always urge to collect only in places remote from the city. The absence of factories, roads and accumulations of garbage will protect the health of the mushroom picker and his loved ones from poisoning, intoxication and death.

It is more correct to start the hunting season in forest zones, fields and clearings. Untouched nature will allow you to collect the maximum usefulness from edible mushrooms sprouting on a coniferous or deciduous pillow. After all, clean air, lack of garbage, a favorable climate and fertile soil allow mushrooms to grow in large numbers.

The very first harvest appears in the spring. Since mid-April, mushroom pickers go hunting for morels and lines. In the month of May, there are boletus (boletus and boletus), May row, champignons, puffballs and russula.

In the summer, mushrooms become many times more. In the conifer, mushrooms and mushrooms begin to appear, in the open spaces of fields and deciduous forests - mushrooms, as well as russula and semi-porcini mushrooms. Next to the edible gifts of the forest are fly agaric and pale grebes.

From the end of summer, you can find Assumption mushrooms, boletus, porcini and Polish mushrooms, volnushki and milk mushrooms.

In autumn, noble breeds predominate: chanterelles, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms and milk mushrooms.

In winter, when the temperature is kept within 0 - 10 degrees Celsius, winter mushrooms can be found in forest areas.

Useful properties of mushrooms

Regardless of the type of mushroom, it can be generalized that all edible and conditionally edible varieties are 85-90% water. The rest is proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and minerals. Almost all mushrooms are low in calories. Only three varieties of mushrooms can be attributed to the exception to the rule, and then only in dried form. We are talking about boletus, boletus and porcini mushrooms.

1) Mushrooms are ideal for diet in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diabetes and kidney disease.

2) Fresh mushrooms are low-calorie and suitable for diet food.

4) A rich number of vitamins, amino acids and trace elements, allow you to saturate the body with everything you need.

5) Some breeds are used for folk treatment of many diseases.

Edible breeds, names of mushrooms with pictures

Beginners should know what edible mushrooms look like. This will allow not to confuse valuable breeds with false ones.

Porcini

Mushrooms are the most valuable representatives of edible mushrooms. Thanks to their usefulness, rich taste, pleasant aroma and large size, cooking and eating them is a pleasure. They do not require heat treatment and are prepared without pre-boiling. From them you can cook any dishes of Russian cuisine, from light soups to gourmet snacks. In addition, mushrooms can be dried, frozen and used for harvesting for the winter.

With the collection of porcini mushrooms, you should be extremely careful. Beginners should learn to distinguish mushrooms from false and poisonous counterparts. We are talking about bile and satanic fungus.

boletus

The category of obabkovy includes boletus. They have a red-red hat, resembling a half circle and a fleshy leg. On the back of the hat there is a spongy surface resembling small tubes scribbled together.

boletus

Another edible mushroom from the category of butterflies. Its distinguishing feature is a dark brown cap, a light leg with black spots and light-colored flesh that changes color when cut to blue.

False boletus is easy to distinguish from its edible counterparts. Some have a pink sponge on the back of the cap, others are grayish or off-beige.

Dubovik

Fans of porcini mushrooms will surely like the dubovik. A massive mushroom with a large rounded cap and a fleshy stalk, have a gently lemon pulp. Unlike its false counterpart, the satanic mushroom, it has a less intense color, but turns blue in the cut in the same way.

Chanterelles

The names of mushrooms with pictures help to identify not only conditionally edible, but also tasty breeds that are of great value to mushroom pickers. Chanterelles are one of those breeds that require special attention.

A distinctive feature of false chanterelles from edible species will be the color scheme. The real mushroom has a pale orange or slightly pinkish hue. The marginal line of the cap is wavy. Chanterelle is included in the category of lamellar. On the reverse side of the cap there is a corrugated surface, fading away in the area of ​​the stem.

Oilers

It's easiest to define. They have a slimy surface on the cap. A thin film covering the hat is removed during cleaning to continue the heat treatment of the harvested crop.

False butter has a purple hue, less often - dark, close to black.

mokhovik

Another name for a mushroom with a picture that a novice mushroom picker should know is a flywheel. In young individuals, the cap is velvety, with age it becomes cracked, from greenish to burgundy. When cut, the flesh does not change color, remaining exactly the same.

Place of growth - a pillow of moss.

Champignon

Honey mushrooms

The most popular are Assumption mushrooms that grow in deciduous and mixed forests. Their distinguishing features are: small size, pimples on the hat, a ring on the leg and a light brown tint.

Meadow mushrooms are small, grow in families. They have a reddish tint. They can be found not only in meadows and fields, but also in the vicinity of cottages and village plots. Less often, they are found on the tracks.

Russula

There are many varieties of russula. They are not recommended for beginners who can confuse edible and conditionally edible varieties with false counterparts. Especially, such caution concerns russula of red and purple color.

Raincoat

It is difficult to confuse raincoats with other mushrooms. Small balls of white color with pimples, edible only at a young age, when the flesh has a dense, white color. With age, raincoats deteriorate, and their filling resembles a firecracker. No wonder people call them gypsy dust.

mushrooms

One of the most expensive and delicious gifts of the forest can be attributed mushrooms. Most often they grow in coniferous. Young pines and spruces are favorite places for the germination of mushroom mushrooms.

These mushrooms are orange-red in color. Under the cap, the ribbed surface may be green or bluish.

pink wave

Slightly similar to a ginger - a pink wave. True, unlike him, it has a pinkish tint, circles on the cap and light flesh. The place of germination is only deciduous and mixed forests.

cobweb

Umbrella

A repulsive appearance is often deceiving. Umbrella or pop, unlike other edible mushrooms, is ideal for drying, frying and even making light soups.

Ryadovki

Lines and morels

They germinate in the spring. They have a "brain-shaped" hat forum. Some are more elongated, others are shorter. Abroad, the lines are classified as inedible and even poisonous mushrooms. In Russia, there were no cases of poisoning, and they continue to be collected on a par with other edible mushrooms.

When harvesting mushrooms, you need to be extremely careful, because along with edible specimens, inedible, and sometimes even poisonous representatives grow in the vastness of your native land. Eating such mushrooms can lead to severe poisoning, it is not uncommon for such an ailment to end in death. To know which mushrooms are poisonous, you need to carefully study the catalogs of inedible mushrooms, you should not collect suspicious or little-known specimens.

Death cap

Another name for the mushroom is green fly agaric, its cap grows from 6 to 12 centimeters in scope, the skin color is yellow-brown-olive, pale green, very rarely the outer surface is almost white. The shape of the cap is ovoid at first, then flat-convex and at the end becomes completely prostrate. On the skin you can see warty white flakes. The spore-bearing layer consists of wide free plates that do not change color. The leg is in the form of a cylinder with a thickening at the bottom, its height is 8-15 centimeters, painted in a white-yellow or white-green tint. White flesh does not change color when cut.

Value false (Horseradish mushroom)

The shape of the cap of young specimens is convex-rounded, the edges are tucked up, the diameter is about 8-10 centimeters, the more mature ones have a flat shape with a tubercle in the center, the skin is smooth, sticky, the surface color varies from light yellow to brown, and the edges almost always remain white. There is a powdery coating on the leg, it grows up to 9 centimeters in height and 2 centimeters in thickness. The structure of the pulp is dense, cream or white in color, has an unpleasant odor, it is a bit like the smell of potatoes or turnips. The lamellar layer is adherent, in young animals it is light gray then gradually darkens.

fiber patouillard

The fungus is a mortal danger to the human body. The span of the cap is 3-9 centimeters, it is painted in red-yellow shades, there are radial fibers on the skin, its shape changes from bell-conical to completely prostrate. Frequent, loose plates have a white color with a touch of olive-brown, blush when pressed. The stem has the shape of a cylinder, the length does not exceed 7 centimeters, the diameter is 1-2 centimeters, the color is usually slightly lighter than the tone of the cap surface. The whitish flesh does not have a strong odor, but the taste is unpleasant, it turns red on the cut.

Galerina fringed

The convex or bell-shaped cap has a brown color with a yellow tint, in mature specimens the shape is flat, the edges are translucent and you can see the grooves located in parallel. Narrow plates descending to the stem, at the beginning of growth are painted in light colors, when the spores ripen, they acquire a brown-rusty hue. The brown leg is thin and not too long, only 4-5 centimeters, there is a yellow ring on top, it disappears with age, above it the leg is covered with powdery coating. The flesh has a mealy odor, brown in the stalk and yellow in the cap. This type of inedible poisonous mushrooms can often be found in the forests of the Kuban.

Gymnopilus Juno

This species belongs to hallucinogenic mushrooms. The span of the cap is 3-15 centimeters, hemispherical in young animals, later it transforms into a convex or prostrate. The finely scaly surface is colored orange or ocher yellow. The plates are often arranged, wide, yellow in very young specimens and become brown-rusty with age, the flesh has a pronounced almond smell, its color is pale yellow with a brown tint. The leg grows from 3 to 20 centimeters in length, the thickness does not exceed 4 centimeters, thickened at the base, the color is brown, there is a membranous ring of a small size.

Whitish talker

The diameter of the cap is 2-7 centimeters, the surface is pronounced powdery, the convex shape transforms into a prostrate or funnel-shaped with age. On the skin of a dirty white color, you can notice spots of a dark color, the wavy edge of the young is tucked. The pedunculated laminae are often arranged, cream or pale grey, pink-yellow in old specimens. The stem is generally straight, but may be slightly curved, does not grow more than 5 centimeters in height and 0.7 centimeters in thickness, is painted in pale brown or white. White flesh does not tend to change color when broken.

Papillary breast

The size of the mushroom cap is 3-9 centimeters, centric circles can be seen on the skin, the surface color is dark brown with a clear tint of purple. Basically, the shape of the cap is flat, and the edges are tucked up, sometimes there is a small tubercle in the center. The plates are frequent, white, in old mushrooms more often yellow-cream. The stem is short but massive, becoming hollow as it matures. When pressing on the outer part of the cap, a distinct brown spot appears.

gall fungus

It can grow singly or in large groups, it looks like a white mushroom, the leg is strong and massive, the pulp is fibrous, the thickness reaches 7 centimeters, there is a dense brown mesh on the skin. The cap is a spongy formation, in the upper part it has a thin layer of porous substance, at first the hemispherical shape resembles a saucer with age. The surface is painted in a pale brown or rich ocher shade. Insects do not damage this species - this is another sign by which this poisonous mushroom can be treated.

Greenfinch

The outer surface of the cap has a bright green color, it is convex, and there is a characteristic tubercle in the center; at an older age, frequent scales can be observed on the skin, the diameter of the cap is 12-15 centimeters. The maximum height of the stem is 3 centimeters and about 2 centimeters thick, the surface is painted green and less often yellow. The plates are densely packed, their color varies from yellow to lemon, the spore-bearing layer has a distinct smell of flour. The flesh on the cut is white, but soon changes color to yellow. This is one of the most common inedible types of mushrooms that mushroom pickers come across in the Rostov region.

Umbrella comb (Lepiota)

The size of the cap of even an adult mushroom does not exceed 4 centimeters, in young it looks like an inverted bell, later it straightens out more and more, the outer surface is dry and velvety covered with scales, the color is pink or gray, and in mature specimens it is rich brown. The plates are small and break easily, a thin stem grows about 5 centimeters in length, the surface is silky, in the middle you can see the remains of a ring, which is almost imperceptible in old mushrooms. A distinctive feature is the quickly reddening flesh on the cut, which has an unpleasant smell of rotten garlic.

False pig (Thin)

The cap has a smooth surface, reaches 6-14 centimeters in span, the edge is lowered and velvety, its shape is rounded, but the center is slightly depressed, the skin is olive-brown when the mushroom is still young and eventually acquires a gray or rusty-brown hue. Usually the surface is dry, but becomes sticky when the air humidity rises. The plates descending to the leg have a brown-yellow color, when pressed, they acquire a rich brown hue. The color of the stem is usually identical to the skin of the cap, does not grow more than 9 centimeters in height and 2.5 centimeters in thickness, thickened at the base. The soft pulp has a dense structure, it is yellow-brown or light yellow, but quickly darkens when pressed.

false chanterelles

A small mushroom cap in diameter is only 1-6 centimeters, flat at the beginning of growth, later becomes funnel-shaped, the edge is lowered, the center is depressed, the skin is velvety, painted in bright orange with a yellow or red tint, fades with age. The leg is even and thin, no more than 6 centimeters long, sometimes bends under the weight of the cap, the skin color is identical to the cap, only at the base it is darker, sometimes almost black. Branched plates are often located, descending on the stem, the pulp has a mushroom smell, its color is white with a yellow tint.

Milky gray-pink

The rounded hat is flat or convex, the edges are usually bent, maturing, it transforms into a funnel-shaped one, the edges straighten out, but a tubercle remains in the center, a diameter of 13-15 centimeters, the skin is dry and velvety to the touch, its shade is brown or gray-pink, rarely yellow-sand. An even leg has a smooth skin, usually slightly lighter than the outer surface of the cap, young animals have no cavities inside, the length of the leg is 5-9 centimeters, the diameter is 2-3 centimeters. The thick pulp is quite fragile, it does not change color on the cut, but it secretes milky juice, the color is almost white, sometimes with a yellow tint, it has a distinct smell of spices and is bitter in taste.

Milky prickly

The thin-fleshy cap has a flat shape, thin veins can be seen on the skin, in mature specimens it transforms into a flat prostrate, and in the center there is a papillary tubercle with a sharp end. The edges of the cap are lowered, slightly ribbed, sometimes straight, the color of the outer surface is red-pink, carmine or lilac-red, there are small scales. The plates are forked, narrow, frequent, descending, pink-ocher hue turns brown when pressed. The pink-lilac leg tapers closer to the base in length reaches 2-6 centimeters, the thickness does not exceed 1 centimeter. Pale white flesh turns green when pressed.

Fly agaric spring (Smelly)

The hat is wide and resembles a curved saucer, the outer part is smooth and shiny, usually its shade is light cream or white. The stem is usually no longer than 13 centimeters and no thicker than 4 centimeters, thickened in the place where it is attached to the hat, sometimes you can see the remains of the ring, the skin is rough, there is a sticky coating. The pulp is white and contains contact poisons; you cannot touch such a fungus. In case of contact, immediately wash your hands thoroughly. In the Belgorod region, this inedible mushroom, along with others, is much more common.

Fly agaric red

As it grows, the hat transforms from spherical to round-flat and flat, its span is about 10-19 centimeters, the color of the outer part is bright orange and many shades of red, there are white scales on the skin, but rain can wash them away. The pulp smells pleasant, pale yellow or white, uneven, thick, frequent plates of the spore-bearing layer are white and turn yellow as the fungus ripens. The shape of the stem is cylindrical, tuberous at the base, in addition, it is covered with several rows of scales, a membranous ring can be seen on top of the stem, it hangs in mature specimens, the girth does not exceed 4 centimeters, the length is about 8-20 centimeters. Often this inedible species of mushrooms is met by mushroom pickers in the Leningrad Region.

Fly agaric panther

Usually the color of the cap is brown, but specimens with brown, gray or dirty olive skin are often found, on the surface there are white concentric warts that are easily separated from the cap. In young growth, a rounded convex hat is formed, in mature mushrooms it is semi-prostrate, with a diameter of 6-12 centimeters. The plates are free, caps expand nearby, the pulp is watery and with an unpleasant odor. The height of the leg varies from 5 to 11 centimeters, in girth - 1-2 centimeters, the surface is fleecy, tuberous-swollen at the base, a ring is noticeable on the skin.

Fly agaric

The color of the cap changes with the age of the mushroom from white to green-yellow, diameter is 4-9 centimeters, the hemispherical shape is replaced by a flat-convex one, on the outer surface you can see small flakes of a gray tint - these are the remains of a bedspread. The flesh has a distinct odor and resembles a raw potato, its color is white and does not change when broken. Narrow, loose plates are painted yellow or white. The stem has the shape of a cylinder, 1-2 cm thick, 5-11 cm high, usually painted in the same tone as the outer part of the cap, there is a noticeable hanging ring.

alder moth

The mushroom grows in large groups, when ripe, the spherical hat transforms into a cone-shaped one, and later it looks like a small (5 centimeters) saucer, the outer side is covered with scales, they are lemon like the skin of the hat. Small, thin, often planted plates change yellow-lemon color to darker ones. There is no ring on the high and thin stem, the surface of the skin is colored in the tone of the cap, the flesh does not lose color on the cut.

Honey agaric false brick-red

At the beginning of growth, the rounded hat is bright orange, as it matures, it already looks like a saucer, it takes on a red-brick hue, at the edges there are fragments of a covering coverlet in the form of large flakes. The leg is long, and the thickness does not exceed 2 centimeters. The ring inherent in this honey agaric is missing.

Honey agaric false sulfur-yellow

The span of a convex bell-shaped cap is 2-6 centimeters, when ripe, it takes a flat shape, the surface is smooth, the color ranges from yellow-brown to sulfur-yellow, and the edges are always lighter, the center can be red-brown. Frequent, wide plates have a yellow-green or brown-olive color. The thickness of the leg does not exceed 1 centimeter, it reaches 10 centimeters in height, the cylindrical shape is narrowed at the base. The pulp is fibrous with an unpleasant odor and bitter taste, colored sulfur-yellow.

pepper mushroom

A convex-rounded hat with a diameter of 2-8 centimeters, as it grows, takes on an almost flat shape, the outer part is velvety, dry and glitters in the sun, becomes covered with mucus when the humidity rises. The color of the outer surface of the cap is copper, orange, light brown, brown or red. The pulp has a color of yellow sulfur, takes on a reddish hue at the break. The length of the slightly curved stem is 4-9 centimeters, in girth no more than 1.5 centimeters, tapering closer to the base, usually the shade of the surface is identical to the hat. The tubules are adherent, descending, the pores are large, their color is brown-red.

Lattice red

The cap and stem of the fungus are absent, the fruiting body at the beginning of growth is ovoid about 6 centimeters in height and 5 centimeters in width, covered with a brown or white leathery shell, under which there is a mucous-gelatinous layer, a dome-shaped mesh structure is formed in the depth of the fungus. When ripe, the outer surface of the shell bursts and the fungus takes the form of a bright sphere with irregularly shaped cells. The surface inside the sphere is covered with a slimy dark spore mass, it has a sharp putrefactive odor.

satanic mushroom

The species is quite large, the span of a hemispherical cap is 10-25 centimeters, the outer part is velvety and dry, the skin is dirty grayish or white, sometimes with a yellow tint and pale green stains. The tubular layer is yellow in young animals and yellow-green in mature representatives, small pores change color from yellow to red-orange, sometimes turn blue when pressed with a clear green tint. The stem is barrel-shaped and massive, about 7-15 centimeters high and 3 to 9 centimeters thick, pale yellow on top, red-orange in the middle, with a mesh pattern. The flesh is creamy, it slowly turns red at the break, and eventually turns blue.

Pig fat

The hat has a brown or rusty-brown color, the center is depressed, the edges are wrapped inward, it gradually transforms and takes on a convex appearance, and the color changes to brown-olive, diameter is 15-25 centimeters, the surface is dry and velvety. Creamy plates fall on the leg, turn brown when pressed, the hard pulp has a dense structure, turns brown on the cut. The fleshy leg at the base is expanded, the skin is dark brown, velvety, about 3-5 centimeters wide, 5-10 centimeters high.

Russula girlish

The thin-fleshy cap reaches 3-6 centimeters in diameter, at an early stage of growth it is semicircular and then gradually transforms into a flat-spread, and concave-prostrate at maturity. The shade of the outer part is purplish-pink, brown-lilac or violet-purple. The plates are thin, narrow, attached, forked from the stem, at first white or cream, later turning yellow. The leg is more often cylindrical than club-shaped, 5-7 centimeters high, 1-1.5 centimeters in diameter, white or yellow with a distinct mealy smell. Fragile white flesh turns yellow within 8-10 hours, fresh in taste.

Russula stinging (Vomitous)

The smooth, shiny surface of the cap is painted in a bright scarlet color, there is a dark spot in the middle, the range is from 3 to 10 centimeters. In young animals, it is convex, maturing, takes a flat shape or cracks, the middle is usually depressed, radial grooves can be seen along the edges. The plates are adherent, rare, their color is rich white and only in the oldest specimens they are cream. The club-shaped leg is also white, sometimes with a pink tint, grows about 2 centimeters thick, 7-9 centimeters high, the skin is covered with bloom. The pulp does not have a strong smell, is white and does not lose color on the cut.

Entoloma poisonous

The cap of the mushroom is quite wide and flat, as it matures, the span can be 20-22 centimeters, the outer part is silky, covered with mucus when the air humidity rises, the skin color varies from yellow to brown. Powerful plates are rarely located, at first they are cream, later they turn pink. The pulp at the break is dense, white, has a pronounced smell of fresh flour. The flexible, fibrous leg grows up to 11 centimeters in length, but the thickness does not exceed 2.5 centimeters.