Pendulum swing. Bullet evasion technique "Pendulum" - myths and truth. Exercise "Big Pendulum"

cl words: Miskin, hand-to-hand combat, Russian style, saved, analysis, history, story

The conclusion suggests itself - if it saved and is a system of scouts (by the way, it really is the forerunner of the Soviet (and current) military intelligence), then at least this system has been processed and tested by the army. In other words, there can be no question of any transfer of tradition within the family - i.e. we return again to the versions about the military origin of the spas.

What do we get as a result? Sergey Cherny, the great-uncle of Leonid Petrovich, from whom, in fact, Leonid Petrovich studied, most likely was an experienced military professional who went through the crucible of the Great Patriotic War, and most likely saved - one of the army systems of a number of special forces (for example, military intelligence or counterintelligence SMERSH).

What evidence is there for this, besides my own reasoning, which may be erroneous? For example, the similarity of the training of military intelligence officers from Bulochko's book, a number of points from the training of partisans (the book "Partisan's Companion", M. - 1942), as well as instructions for conducting hand-to-hand combat classes from the Second World War with training in the rescue. Or, for example, the similarity with some other army systems. > Now let's look at these other systems. For example, let's take a colorful description of the practice of SMERSH from Bogomolov's no less colorful novel "In August 1944, or the Moment of Truth." Yes, we will talk about the very "swing of the pendulum", around which so many copies have already been broken. For example, about shooting "in Macedonian" - that is. shooting from 2 pistols at the same time, and on the move. In the Spas there is a whole section devoted to shooting from a pistol and from 2 pistols - and everything happens just on the move or at the enemy, or leaving the trajectory of his shots to the side, behind cover. Only this is not called "shooting in Macedonian" or "swinging of the pendulum" - but in a completely different way. Although I advise you to pay close attention to the word "goydok" itself - the expression "swing the pendulum" from Russian into Ukrainian can be translated as "hitati pendulum", or it can also be translated as "goydati pendulum" (but we will also return to this later).

The skepticism of critics regarding the "swing of the pendulum" is again not entirely correct understanding of the conditions in which this technique could be implemented. Of course, if in an open area, but at a great distance from the enemy, you fan out in front of you with a submachine gun, no "pendulum" will ever help. Such a technique could be implemented in conditions where the enemy does not expect the attack itself - either he did not have time to draw his weapon, or he had already been "knocked down" by diverting attention in various ways. The distance also plays a huge, decisive role - more than 5 meters from the enemy in open space, the problem of using the "pendulum" becomes very, very problematic. And in general, when they say "swing the pendulum", it seems that you can swing it, like a metronome, for an arbitrarily long time. This, of course, is complete nonsense! "Pendulum" can really be executed by dodging one, maximum two enemy shots - and then extremely quickly changing the trajectory of its movement: and during this time you need to either have time to go behind cover, or have time to shoot the enemy yourself. Those. everything happens literally in a fraction of a second - one, two and you're done. Fantasists who imagine that you can walk under bullets, as if charmed, for as long as you like, I ask you not to disturb.

And in order not to be unfounded, I advise you to refer to the books of A. Potapov "Pistol shooting techniques. The practice of SMERSH" and S. Ivanov-Katansky "Pendulum step" - many options for behavior in this situation are illustrated there. One of the options for "swinging the pendulum" is designed to draw a weapon and defeat the enemy, dodging his shot. Others are designed to evade the enemy's shot and approach him closely to disarm him or hit him point-blank. Let me emphasize right away that all these options of the indicated authors are absolutely working and real, but not exhaustive. For example, for many years I have collected other variants of the “swing of the pendulum”, which were introduced to me either by former military men, or by the children (grandchildren) of former military men and military skills passed down in their family. True, with reference either to the grandfather of a military intelligence officer during the Second World War, or to serving in special forces.

And I’ll emphasize right away that there is no goyd in these books, although there are remotely similar options. The most interesting thing is the fact that none of the options in the books of Potapov and Ivanov-Katansky fits the description of "swinging the pendulum side by side", when Tamantsev was exactly "dancing" in the "pendulum"! But when, in front of my eyes, Leonid Petrovich, with 2 dummies of pistols, began to move in a goydka, I understood exactly how that same "wolfhound" Tamantsev was "dancing". At least, under the description of Bogomolov fits completely! And in general, there are very, very many parallels with the rescue - although the author of the novel "The Moment of Truth" did not describe, for example, work with a knife or unarmed equipment that takes place in the rescue.

Let us now consider another system, around which many myths are also piled up - the St. Petersburg stapler. Although the head of this direction, Andrei Vadimovich Gruntovsky, in every possible way denies this name, preferring to call his direction simply Russian fisticuffs. The name skobar was replicated by journalists and given with the light hand of the ethnographer Mekhnetsov, who saw in the plasticity of the movements of Andrei Gruntovsky and his students many elements of the staple, folk tune and dance to it in a number of northwestern regions of Russia. Andrei Vadimovich himself repeatedly pointed out that his father, Vadim Iosifovich Gruntovsky, taught him this technique, who, in turn, studied this technique at the ShAR (Army Intelligence School) in 1953. in the training center in Brovary near Kyiv. Among the topics, the cadets went through hand-to-hand combat based on striking techniques, knife fighting, disarmament techniques, methods of movement and shooting from firearms. According to the memoirs of Vadim Iosifovich, the instructors called only the methods of fighting and disarming with the help of painful hands "jiu-jitsu", calling everything else only hand-to-hand combat, thereby emphasizing its difference from jiu-jitsu. By the way, "pendulum" or "jump" is one of the terms used in this school. Perhaps, emphasizing the name "jiu-jitsu", the instructors wanted to emphasize the police nature of these techniques. While the rest of the equipment was aimed at guaranteed destruction of the enemy, even superior in number - i.e. the army character of the system is obvious (the task was to DESTROY - and not to ARREST). Moreover, I understand that this fact will cause outright indignation among a part of the Ukrainian audience - but this technique was taught to employees of special forces, whose task was to fight, in the vocabulary of that time, with "Bandera gangs", i.e. with OUN-UPA detachments. This is not a very attractive page of history - but you can't erase words from a song. Although I have no data on the participation of Vadim Iosifovich in such operations, he simply did not have time to participate in them, because. autumn 1953 the training center was closed and disbanded.

In terms of the nature of training, the pattern of training, and the technique itself and the manner of movement, the technicians of the army intelligence and rescue schools are not identical - but very close. In other words, they are related - though not similar systems. I had the honor to see this for myself, having got acquainted in practice with the stapler.

In my search for the roots of the Spas, I also stumbled several times on some rumors about some other training centers for army hand-to-hand combat systems, in addition to training in Brovary. A real find for me was the meeting with Sh-ov Vladimir Ivanovich in the same 2005. (I don’t give the full name of this person due to a number of moral circumstances - but several people from among those who worked with me on the rescue can personally testify to his real existence). Vladimir Ivanovich lived a difficult life, in the early 70s he served in a special unit subordinate to the GRU of the USSR Ministry of Defense. The task that his unit performed was to covertly approach enemy targets and install radio beacons on them - for their subsequent direction finding and destruction, either by landing (the scope of the DShB - airborne assault battalions), or by delivering a missile and bomb strike on them. Therefore, it was camouflage and covert approach to enemy objects that came to the fore. Engaging in hand-to-hand combat was tantamount to the failure of the operation. For the same reason, there was also no technique for removing sentries - the disappearance of a sentry or the discovery of his corpse signaled to the enemy that an enemy RDG (reconnaissance and sabotage group) was in his zone of responsibility. But nevertheless, an interesting version of army hand-to-hand combat was also taught to them - the main task, once a member of the group was discovered and engaged in hand-to-hand combat, was to strike the enemy, first of all, depriving him of the opportunity to scream - so as not to raise the alarm. It was ideal if the enemy was destroyed by the same blow. Therefore, the knife came to the fore. If this condition was not met, the blow was delivered with an unarmed hand to vulnerable zones, depriving the enemy of the opportunity to scream - and only then he achieved. At the same time, the operation was failed, but it remained possible to evade persecution and maintain the strength of the group. Many of the techniques of this system coincide with the rescue - my friends also had the opportunity to verify this, which they can also testify.

This technique is related to the spas and the brace by similar plasticity of movements, similar structure and similar training methods. And although Vladimir Ivanovich did not demonstrate goydok, many of his movements resemble goydok very, very strongly. At the same time, Vladimir Ivanovich emphasized that they were given an "incomplete" version - although their instructors of the "more complete" version taught another unit, whose specialization was + just the destruction of the enemy's RDG!

Coincidences with spas - just a lot. For example, the same place for training was called a "polygon", and tendons, for example, were called "zhizhki" both there and there. Similar weapon simulators and similar training conditions were used. Moreover, even a number of stories that Vladimir Ivanovich remembered and heard from his instructors were almost a complete analogue of the rescue! For example, Leonid Petrovich talked about the origin of the hopak dance - they say, the Cossacks, who knew how to ride a horse, coming to the villages to stay and participating in evening parties, in order to somehow show their youth in front of the rural lads, in the dance they often performed the movements used in equestrian in combat - dismounting from a horse, jumping on it and pushing the enemy's horse. Almost a similar story was told by Vladimir Ivanovich - at the same time, I note that this story has not yet been published anywhere (in order to avoid the so-called secondary effect of folklore).

Throwing knives

The theme of modern trends is always simplification and degradation, which is clearly seen in the example of Muay Thai. Its modern version, practiced in the ring, is a complete misery in terms of the arsenal of techniques, not much different from kickboxing. The ancient Muay Thai (Muay Boran) is much more interesting - in addition to the striking arsenal, it included throws and creases and strongly resembles certain styles of Pencak Silat. I was even more convinced of this by watching a number of seminars by Colonel Amnat Pooksrisuk (they have names, however!). The way he uses the triangle is very similar to his use in Silat and Kali. There are also some other general principles. As a result of additional viewing of videos on this topic, I found one with pages of some book that shows sitting practicing techniques in Muay Thai as well as it is practiced in a number of styles of silat, such as Silek Tuo and Chimande - whoever saw it knows :). By the way, this colonel was the mentor of Tony Jaa, who starred in the film Ong-Bak and Tom Yum Goong, from whom the interest in traditional Muay Thai began in the world. According to him, traditional principles and techniques are hidden in the dance (Khon), which, ironically, is performed in the ring in front of its primitive version.

I looked through a number of materials on physical training in this type of wrestling common in northern India and Pakistan. In form, Kushti is an ordinary freestyle wrestling, but the technique for developing strength is very similar to that in Pakhlavan, Iranian martial arts. The same rotations with maces, dumbbells and other weights. The wrestling itself is carried out in an earthen pit, which is also dug anew every day for the purpose of preparation. I was especially impressed with the exercises on the pole, in fact, the pole is like a gymnastic apparatus, on which, in addition to acrobatic exercises, they also perform yogic asanas. By the way, he does the same thing on a rope. In general, very original traditional training methods, women of a certain profession would be envious.

For some reason, many practitioners pronounce puffs when they strike, I don’t know if they release some kind of energy in this way, but it always made me laugh. It came from Dan Inosanto, so you can immediately identify his students by this puff. For example, Inosanto's daughter Diana constantly squeaks with her husband Ron Baliki.

Hawaii also has its own wrestling called Lua. They were pleased with an interesting weapon - a small stake on a rope. The rope is tied to the hand so that the stake does not get lost, and it is also used as a sarong in silat for various strangulations, plus blockages of the body directly on this stake, plus you can work with the stake separately as a short stick or knife.

Tell GRANDMA HAVE ARRIVED. DO NOT NEED HELP.

Vladimir Bogomolov "Moment of Truth"

Already on this blog, I probably considered all the variations - but I remembered that I still missed the description of the most important method of the "Pendulum Tamantsev" described in Vladimir Bogomolov's book "The Moment of Truth" - from which it all actually started ... (By the way, I seem to have read how- then this book as a child, so mediocre, rather stretched out and little is clear. Most of all I remember the adventures of a fascist intelligence officer. With a pistol-pipe in his sleeve. How he rode a motorcycle, with a girl assistant, as far as I remember. And then there is such confusion, Or it was some other book about counterintelligence officers - absolutely forgettable works. Boring - not an example, for example, Conan Doyle about Sherlock Holmes, or even Agatha Christie - but here, all the same, the book failed completely not memorable at all.)

But in the meantime, excerpts from Vladimir Bogomolov's book "The Moment of Truth" about the legendary "Tamantsev's Pendulum" - what so interested people in this book, some such supernatural abilities of its protagonist.

…. He woke up, hearing the voices of Alekhine and Tamantsev in the clearing, and looked around. Tamantsev approached the fire with a quick elastic gait so easily and cheerfully, as if he had slept all day somewhere nearby and, having just woken up, hurried to dinner. Andrei thought that Tamantsev, now or after dinner, would definitely train for at least half an hour in forceful detention, in “swinging the pendulum”, in various jumps, feints and dashes, he would work out suples until the third sweat, and Andrei felt his inferiority with particular force ... .

….. – There is also a very significant moral aspect, which some people simply don’t know about, while others usually forget… But you should know and remember… In the event of a military operation, each of these thousands of recruits must be warned: this is not for you at the forefront; even if they shoot at you, even if they kill you, you must take them alive!.. But such a warning is actually an order. Is it possible to demand this from army servicemen or even from border guards from units for protecting the rear of the front? Yegorov asked, turning to those sitting at the table. - I personally think that no, it’s impossible ... You can demand this only from those who know how to swing the pendulum, from the cleaners! This is their privilege, their lot...

…. Tamantsev, who was ahead of him with two guns in his hands raised to shoulder level, was already dancing in front of them - “swinging the pendulum”, rapidly shifting from the bushes to the left ....

…. In some confusion, he hesitated, and in these seconds I managed to be away from him from the side of the sun and, thus, turned on the backlight. To intimidate, to put pressure on the psyche, I immediately “tickled his ears”: I fired a single shot from both revolvers so that the bullets went right through his head - this is impressive.

To make it difficult for him to aim, I continuously “swinged the pendulum”: I danced with my left shoulder forward, jerkily moving the body from side to side and moving all the time myself - something similar, only simpler, is done by a boxer in the ring. For further psychological impact, I kept it at gunpoint and fixed it with my eyes, showing with all my appearance that I was about to shoot. ….

…. He fired two bullets at me, didn't hit me, added one more after a second and missed again. Something, but how to “swing the pendulum”, I could teach both him and those who prepared him in Germany, besides, Pasha’s shots from the side undoubtedly got on his nerves, and the backlight significantly reduced accuracy.

Nevertheless, he was an experienced, resourceful scab, who immediately realized that I was more dangerous than others and that first of all it was necessary to deal with me. And before that, I assessed him correctly: he acted sensibly, confidently, unlike the “lieutenant”, he shot skillfully, without haste, and if it were not for the backlight and not for my skill in “swinging the pendulum”, he might have already dumped me. ….

... Everything that Tamantsev did in those minutes, he did over the course of more than three years of the war, an uncountable number of times. Each of his movements, both in the “swing of the pendulum” and in the forceful detention, was worked out not only by combat practice, but also by constant training - from the moment he appeared from the bushes, he, without exaggeration, acted with the accuracy and speed of a machine gun. Blinov and the foreman-radio operator - both of them tried and now rushed to fulfill his order - in comparison with him, they naturally moved more slowly and with their clumsiness and, as it seemed to him, irritated him with their slowness. …

The swing of the pendulum is not only a movement, it is interpreted more widely than can be understood here from the words of Tamantsev. It should be defined as "the most rational actions and behavior during fleeting fire contacts during forceful detention." It includes the instantaneous drawing of a weapon, and the ability from the very first seconds to use the distraction factor, the nervousness factor, and, if possible, the backlight, and the instant, unmistakable reaction to any actions of the enemy, and the proactive rapid movement under shots, and the incessant deceptive movements ( "feint game"), and sniper accuracy of hitting the limbs when shooting in Macedonian ("disabling the limbs"), and continuous psychological pressure until the end of the forceful detention. "Swinging the pendulum" is achieved by capturing alive a strong, well-armed and actively resisting enemy. Judging by the description, Tamantsev "swings the pendulum" in the most difficult and effective performance - "staggering".

That's actually all the information from the original source, on which martial arts lovers began to build their "pendulums". Such is the "Pendulum of Tamantsev" in fact.

And another excerpt about shooting "in Macedonian"

- There will be a sense! As comrade Christ used to say: seek and you will find!.. You understand… – Tamantsev unexpectedly hugged Andrey and quickly whispered confidentially: – I will teach you shooting in the Macedonian way, forceful detention… You will gain experience, operational acumen will appear – but you will not be worth the price! .. Pasha and I will make a real cleaner out of you! .. Wolfhound! .. Yes, you can take any scab with your bare hands! ..

The fact that Muscovites knew Tamantsev by sight did not surprise Andrey. He heard that in the spring Tamantsev went to Moscow and showed there his skill in Macedonian shooting to a large group of officers and generals. He shot in such a way that the head of the Main Directorate awarded him with a nominal weapon - a pistol sent after him with a dedicatory engraving.

In February-May 1943, he was a senior lecturer at the Abwehr intelligence school in Berlin. Conducted seminars: "Fundamentals of disguise and conspiracy in the Soviet frontline", "Crossing the front line upon return" and "Behavior during interrogations in the NKVD", taught cadets to shoot in Macedonian. He appeared in class only in dark glasses and a wig, with a mustache and beard.

47 - Shooting in Macedonian - shooting on the move from two pistols (or revolvers) at a moving target.

(it’s also a rather mysterious thing, it’s interesting to see if they are somehow related to each other “pendulum” and “shooting in Macedonian” (and why “in Macedonian”?). But the most interesting thing in the book is another rather mysterious Tamantsevo exercise, which due to stereotypes, it has passed the attention of entire generations of martial arts and is called suples.And it should probably be considered in more detail.)

And the responses from the reader's mail, Vladimir Bogomolov - this is back in 1974 - 1976 people were thinking (Comments means such - sent by mail). Interestingly, martial arts lovers immediately noted the new technique - and now they wrote directly to the writer to find out. (They didn’t even pay much attention to the fact that this work is nothing more than fiction.) So they were interested in martial arts. And this is not all reviews, and not all interested people have written. After all, there were much more of them - if they argue how to perform to this day ...

S. Vasiliev (Obninsk)

I learned from your book that during the war, “search operatives” were taught the “Russian style”. I read from the book about suples, “swinging of the pendulum”, forceful detention, as well as about various jumps, feints and dashes, which Tamantsev did during his rest. I would like to know more about this... Now almost everyone is interested in martial arts, and I would like to do the true "Russian style" of hand-to-hand combat.

We must not lose our traditions.

G. Pichugin, a student of the school of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Tashkent)

I am on duty, 3 o'clock in the morning, I read your book again. It has a lot of things that I don't understand. You describe the life of Art. l-ta Tamantseva, a figure - you can’t say anything, but the question is: has he never loved a girl all the time, hasn’t drunk alcohol? And the second question - "shooting in Macedonian" is carried out with two pistols at the same time or alternately? .. Now I will always follow the example of Tamantsev. I'd like very much to teach "shooting in Macedonian style", "swing of the pendulum" in our school. Then not a single criminal will get away from the chase.

L. Matveev, MPEI student (Moscow)

I am writing on behalf of the entire SAMBO section of the institute. The guys are young, good, romantics and very brave warriors ... The description of the "swing of the pendulum" caused heated debate, since everyone was interested in the exact knowledge of the methods of protection against a pistol. We want to learn this.

M. Pantyukhov (Zarinsk)

I admire Tamantsev's ability to "swing the pendulum". The book says it, but it's not enough. I beg you to tell me more about this; how did Tamantsev’s body, legs, pelvis, head fit together “during the swing of the pendulum”, where were the hands and what movements did they perform at that time?

And the interpretation of the “Pendulum Tamantsev” in the film “In August 1944” was how the creators of this film understood the idea of ​​the “pendulum”.

And, accordingly, you can download the book by Vladimir Bogomolov “The Moment of Truth” - you can follow the link from Cloud Mile Ru. (TXT and PDF formats)

I was recently asked what I know about the "pendulum". Let the answer be here.
Schaub Bulo;)

About "pendulums"
I know something about the "pendulum", but knowing and owning are two different things. In addition, I am more familiar with the eastern technique of evading throwing weapons, followed by rapprochement and disarmament, which is similar in principle to the “pendulum”, but is based on slightly different principles. Although outwardly, IMHO, the difference is insignificant.
I'll tell you a little about evasion and the "pendulum" - one and the other.
Straightaway I'll warn you that I didn’t meet people who perfectly mastered the “pendulum” and I don’t know how to “swing the pendulum” myself. But I:
1) met people who could "evade" (more on that later)
2) listened to the stories of the pros about the "pendulum" and evasion
3) saw videos and read books
Therefore, the opinion presented here is mainly IMHO, but I would like to hope that it is quite reasonable.

I know about the following "pendulums".
The first is a coordination-motor exercise in shooting. It looks something like this: shot - move - shot - move - shot, etc. Or like this: shot - two steps to the right - shot - two steps to the left - shot - two steps to the right - shot - etc. until the ammo runs out.
I saw this exercise in the shooting gallery, in addition, on the video of "Russian Style" (Kadochnikov), he demonstrated it there Ospishchev S.V.
There is another option:
Starting from the standard 25 m, you run at the enemy, moving in chaotic zigzags left and right. The stance is low, the pistol is held with two hands, the fire is conducted both on the run and at the angular moments of the trajectory. The trick is that at the "corners" you take a rigid stubborn stance with a pre-worked out structure, from which you fire one or two fairly accurate shots. On the run, you simply shoot in the direction of the enemy to prevent him from aiming normally.

More "popularly" known is another "pendulum" - a certain technique available to the pros, with which you can easily evade the shot (shots) at a short distance.

Let's go step by step.
"Pendulum" the first - training(description above).
I don’t know what need it is in combat, I can only assume, but in the shooting range this “pendulum” was served precisely as a training exercise for coordination and movement with weapons.
IMHO, but the indicated “pendulum” is precisely a training exercise with elements of a combat “pendulum”.

"Pendulum" second - combat.
At one time it was very popular. He was even mentioned in cheap action books, when the main hero approached the enemy, and he shot at him from ten, five, three meters and could not hit him in any way :)

Prehistory.
In the book of P.A. Gordikov points out that the "pendulum" was developed before the revolution by Russian officers. I believe that Gordikov means V.S. Oshchepkova.
1929
Vasily Sergeevich each time began work with an impressive demonstration of his art in the performance of self-defense and disarmament techniques. It was his long and reliably tested coaching style. This time he took to the stage of the hall of the Central House of the Red Army during a sports evening specially arranged for this occasion. ... It took quite a bit of time to make sure that an excellent master and a brilliant demonstrator were performing. He was attacked simultaneously by several “opponents”, attacked with bare hands, chopped with a saber, stabbed with a bayonet, beaten with a stick, inflicted cutting blows with a dagger, shot at close range with a pistol. And all this is not "demonstrative", but seriously: a combat bayonet, a sharply honed knife and a saber, and even a pistol were loaded with a cartridge case, from which the bullet and gunpowder were removed, but the primer was preserved.
The inspector stood behind Oshchepkov and could tell for sure whether the demonstrator managed to repel the weapon before the “attacker” fired, since in this case he clearly saw a slight flash of a percussion cap in the barrel of the weapon laid aside, which was no longer obscured by the figure of Oshchepkov.
It is difficult to draw an accurate conclusion from the fragment, but IMHO, here Oshchepkov, apparently, nevertheless demonstrated an evasion technique, most likely tai-sabaki, and not a “pendulum”, in the modern sense.
There is information - undocumented, but very similar to the truth - that the NKVD and subsequently SMERSH, based on the developments of the tsarist officers (maybe Oshchepkov), created and used the "pendulum" more or less technologically and widely.
This is how "pendulum" describes V. Bogomolov in the book "The Moment of Truth" ("In August 44th")- about the actions of counterintelligence during WWII:
The swing of the pendulum is not only a movement, it is interpreted more widely than can be understood here from the words of Tamantsev. It should be defined as "the most rational actions and behavior during fleeting fire contacts during forceful detention." It includes the instantaneous drawing of weapons, and the ability from the very first seconds to use the distraction factor, the nervousness factor, and if possible, the backlight, and the instant, unmistakable reaction to any actions of the enemy, and the proactive rapid movement under shots, and the incessant deceptive movements ( "feint game"), and sniper accuracy of hitting the limbs when shooting in Macedonian ("disabling the limbs"), and continuous psychological pressure until the end of the forceful detention. "Swinging the pendulum" is achieved by capturing alive a strong, well-armed and actively resisting enemy. Judging by the description, Tamantsev "swings the pendulum" in the most difficult and effective performance - "staggering".
And here is what one of the modern practitioners says about the "pendulum" SOUTH. Maslak:
The pendulum is a rather broad concept. In general, as Bogomolov rightly puts it, this is "the most optimal behavior during a short-term fire contact," which includes the rapid extraction of weapons. bringing it to combat readiness, high-speed shooting "in sectors", moving on the battlefield, using "backlight", etc.
In modern Russia, two people are seriously involved in this trouble - Potapov and your obedient servant. The difference in schools is as follows - Potapov strictly adheres to the methods of SMERSH during the Second World War, forgetting a little about the realities of the current time. What is it expressed in? The Potapov school provides for active work with the body - inclinations, etc., while I do not practice this. Why? For one simple reason: for a certain number of years, a bulletproof vest has been an obligatory item of equipment for an operative, special forces, and indeed any serviceman in a combat situation! Active work with the body in a bulletproof vest seems to me, to put it mildly, unrealistic;)
And practice confirms it!
By the way, in the film "August 1944", based on this book, Tamantsev works at my school, and not at all at the SMERSH school of those years! A trifle, but nice ...

Recently, the topic of the “pendulum” has not been raised since before, when in every second cheap action movie (book) the author described how the main character “shaking the pendulum” approached the enemy and easily disarmed him :)
IMHO, the "pendulum" is not forgotten, it's just those who really need it (and who have enough time and money for it) who do it. According to reviews, in order to really “swing the pendulum” while dodging bullets, you need to constantly practice for quite a long time. By the way, in Y. Maslak's training course (courses), the "pendulum" is given at the highest (third) level of shooting training, and the cost of this level is $ 3,000 8-o

And now a little about technology.
Note:
1. the names of the techniques are conditional - to make it clear without a demonstration, in addition, in different schools the same techniques are called differently
2. Let me remind you that I am talking more about eastern evasion and rapprochement with subsequent disarmament. How similar it is to Maslak's or Potopov's "pendulum" is unknown to me. IMHO, physics and psychology should be the same, which means the similarity is great.

Before moving on to possible "pendulum" technology, let's talk a little about " evasion", referring to the evasion of a projectile. The technique of evading a projectile began to be developed almost at the same time when more or less technologically advanced projectiles appeared: arrows, darts, spears, etc. As in many other things, the greatest success in such techniques were achieved in the East, although craftsmen came across in the West.
The evasion technique consisted of several techniques, most of which exist in hand-to-hand combat.
This is, for example, " drain"- when the projectile passes tightly with the body or even "rolls" over the body. In hand-to-hand combat, this is a soft block in the style of aikido, when the blow is not beaten off or stopped, but taken aside or passed through the body.
There is also " beat"- when the projectile is beaten off with a hand, foot or an improvised object. In hand-to-hand combat, these are hard karate blocks.
One more take" capture"- dodging with the body with catching the projectile with the hand (or pinching the projectile in the knee bend, elbow, armpit, etc.). In melee, such grips are also present, often turning into throws and painful techniques.
"Capture" was very popular with many fighters, as it allowed to demonstrate personal skill and speed of reaction. And in some Eastern schools "capture" was even included in the examination program. I'm talking, of course, about catching arrows with my bare hands.
After the advent of the crossbow, "grabs" for the most part went out of wide use (in the West), since the speed of the bolt is much higher than the speed of the arrow and it was not so easy to catch it.
Most of these methods are based, I think, on the well-known tai sabaki principle- leaving the line of attack as a result of a 90-degree turn:
- heads,
- "triangle" - waist-shoulders
- or the whole body.

With the reduction of the projectile and the increase in its speed, it became more and more difficult to dodge. For example, spears, javelins, and arrows are easier to dodge than sling stones or crossbow bolts.
Here came to the aid of the fighters combat acrobatics: dodges, jumps, somersaults, etc.
By the way, it is not for nothing that acrobatics is what is taught first of all in any school or martial arts section. If you came to do BI, and they don’t teach you acrobatics, then run away from there as fast as you can - they won’t teach you anything good there.
So. Well, we are getting closer to modern weapons and actually to the technique of evasion, which, by the way, has not undergone significant changes, only a couple of nuances related to the properties of firearms have been added to it. For example, I was told that you need to leave the machine down and to the right (side roll or low jump to the side), including because when fired, the recoil lifts the barrel up and to the right (from the evader it will be to the left). They also told me how to dodge a pistol, there seems to be a difference with dodging a machine gun, but it’s a sin - I forgot what it is :(

Actually evasion technology, more precisely, what is needed for this.
First of all attention and "sense of impact"(in this case, the feeling of a shot) - i.e. knowledge about the moment of impact / shot is on the verge of intuition. This is sometimes referred to as "foresight". Attention is necessary in order to notice the movements of the eyes and the smallest muscles of the enemy - all this can tell not only the moment of the shot, but also its direction.

Secondly, "swing" training, i.e. constant transfer of body weight and changes in levels and directions of movement. In general, in order to master the pendulum well, you need to train, train and train again.
***
The base of the "pendulum"(by the way, contrary to the name) - these are non-rhythmic body movements that deceive the enemy shooter and force him to shoot at the place where you were a second (fraction of a second) ago or - as the arrow seems to be - will be in the next second (fraction of a second). I will repeat for consolidation - the pendulum of the clock moves rhythmically, and the basis of the "pendulum" in BI is precisely non-rhythmic deceiving movements.

The shooter's deception is associated with the imperfection of human vision and psychology.
For example, a person perceives about the greater danger is clearer than the lesser. Those. if a person stands up straight, legs wide apart, arms open in a wide grip (arms outstretched as if for a hug), then for the enemy he looks more dangerous than a person, say, in a normal right-handed stance with elbows pressed to the body and bent head. For a shooter, a “full-face” person also looks like a more attractive target than a “profile” person, since the latter is smaller (but there is one minus for a modern warrior. As a rule, it is rare that body armor (from mass) provides protection from the sides)

Another property of vision- human eyes see better what is located at the top and to the right. This property of vision, by the way, has been used by advertisers for a long time - the most advantageous (and usually filled with the most important information) place (block) in a self-respecting advertisement is just from the top right.
Accordingly, less advantageous - imperceptible - at the bottom left.
Here you need to make a small remark and add another secret of vision- when looking down (an angle of about 45 degrees from the surface), the focus of vision is somewhat blurred, but it becomes better to see what is on the sides of the field of view (lateral vision improves). Those. you can see almost 180 degrees and see better than when the line of sight is straight ahead. This method of "seeing" is worth remembering when you are surrounded by opponents.
By the way: recently I have been rewatching films with Bruce Lee and noticed that when Bruce gets into the ring of opponents, he looks down ;)

Out of curiosity.
Also, do not forget about "blind spot"- a place at the bottom of the eyeball, where the "knot" of nerve endings is located.

I don’t remember the exact information, but I don’t have a book at hand, but approximately: when looking at the wall from a distance of 10 meters, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe blind spot on the wall is about a meter in diameter.
Where is the "invisible" spot? If the same wall is divided into four equal parts, crossed out with horizontal and vertical lines, then the "invisible" spot will be located approximately in the area of ​​​​the lower right section of the wall.
Why don't we see the blind spot?
Firstly, because our eyes are accustomed to think through and write down most of the information. Analogy: you know, it's like being at home when the electricity goes out - "I know that there is a chair here" and the memory helpfully "draws" the image of the chair.
Secondly, when a person looks, it would seem, "at one point", the pupil is actually not motionless, but constantly makes a huge number of micro-movements that are imperceptible during external observation without special devices. And these micromovements cover incl. blind spot area.
Thirdly, because we have two eyes and, due to their location, they see a little differently (put 5 kopecks on the table, close your left eye and place a pen / pencil / finger between the eye and the coin so that the right eye does not see the coin, then close the right eye, and left open), then also the blind spot area overlaps.
But the blind spot area is not always and not always completely covered.
Of course, at the working distance of the "pendulum" - the average real distance of a fleeting combat contact is 5 meters - the "blind spot" is unlikely to play a significant role. So remember this information just for information.

Another reason for cheating inertia and narrow-mindedness of thinking.
A "instructed to tears" soldier, for example, usually thinks in terms of a plan: point 1, 2, 3, etc.
The man moved to the right and the trunk turned to the right, and the man only indicated the movement to the right, and he himself went to the left. The barrel turns to the left, and the man has already gone to the right. Etc.
Those. the shooter in advance (remember that the count here goes for a fraction of a second!) determines for himself the point where - in his opinion - the enemy should appear and aims the barrel there. When the enemy changes the direction of movement, the shooter needs some time to adjust the plan, cancel the planned task: "turn the hand with the pistol so that the barrel looks at point A" and set a new task. It is this difference in time that a person evading a shot or "swinging a pendulum" must meet.
Those. the main role in the development of the "pendulum" is still played not by physical training, but by knowledge of physiology, the psychology of thinking and behavioral psychology. IMHO, the main thing is to understand the principle, and "physics" is already being developed and is being developed by exercises.
***
Here is a fairly detailed one. description of "pendulum"(educational?) in the Israeli interpretation
"The methods of predominantly one-handed shooting also include the notorious" pendulum ". This is a system of movement under fire, based on a certain inertia of the shot process. The fighter changes speed and direction of movement before the enemy has time to squeeze the trigger.
In a simplified form, the technique of "swinging the pendulum" is as follows:
You are facing the enemy, the weapon is in the right hand extended and lowered somewhat down. Sharply throw the body to the right - forward. The right leg is bent at the knee. left leg is fully extended. Move the body to the left, the left leg is bent at the knee, the right is fully extended. "Point" the weapon at the enemy and make a shot. Next, pull up your right leg, turn to the enemy with your right side. Feet shoulder-width apart parallel to each other, you are in a stable static position. Shoot using sights. Make a similar feint to the left and the process repeats - a throw to the right, a semi-aimed "knock down" shot, take a steady position halfway to the enemy, a shot with careful aim, a feint to the right, etc. At the same time, you move forward in a zigzag manner.
You will achieve success only if you perform this technique at a very fast pace (which is achieved by pre-working it to full automatism) and in a "torn" rhythm, avoiding monotonous movements. To get out from under enemy fire, you can also use rolls in various directions. When rolling, the level and direction of movement of the body changes dramatically, which makes it difficult for the enemy to fire. The roll is entered from the rack or more often from the "knee" position.
When rolling, jumping, falling, etc., it is important to give the weapon a position that excludes the possibility of hitting the fighter himself in case of an accidental shot. Usually the pistol is pressed against the right side of the head with the barrel vertically upwards. Less recommended is the position when the weapon is pressed against the left collarbone with the direction of the barrel to the left - up at an angle of 45 degrees. Needless to say, you need to remove your finger from the trigger guard. The easiest way is to roll to the left, you fall on the base of the palm of your left hand (fingers should be directed to the right - back) and roll to the left through the forearm, elbow, left shoulder, back. When doing this, do not forget to press your chin to your chest, otherwise you can hit the back of your head hard. Next, using the kinetic energy of the movement, you go to the "knee" position or to the rack. You can use this technique when it becomes necessary to eliminate the delay in firing under enemy fire.

About "read-look".
Ivanov-Katansky (“Pendulum Step”) I can’t advise, because I haven’t seen positive reviews either about the author or about the book - decide for yourself. But Y. Maslak and A. Potapov, I think, are quite suitable.
I also once saw a video with a demonstration of the “pendulum” (as far as I remember, Ivanov-Katansky showed it).
From the artistic: V. Bogomolov "The Moment of Truth" ("In August 44th") and the film of the same name. It’s not worth taking a low-quality action movie IMHO;)
Links.

What the arrows of practical shooting demonstrate in motion is at odds with the point of view of application in a real combat situation. Thoughts aloud of a sambo wrestler and system specialist.

“To make it difficult for him to aim, I continuously“ shook the pendulum ”: I danced with my left shoulder forward, jerkily moving the body from side to side and moving all the time myself - something similar, only simpler, is done by a boxer in the ring.” IN. Bogomolov. "In August 44th."

And the opinion of the sambist will be like this. What the arrows of practical shooting demonstrate in motion is at odds with the point of view of application in a real combat situation.

I will explain this thesis from a systemic point of view, that is, consider all possible relationships of the subject of research with the extra-systemic environment, and all intra-systemic relationships of the elements of the system with each other. The model of such relations will be what is called the combat training system. The intrasystemic elements of combat training are its disciplines - physical, shooting, mental. Physical, in turn, consists of general physical and special, which includes shock and wrestling techniques. Shooting training also includes several techniques, depending on the weapon used. External system analysis determines the purpose and purpose of the system. Obviously, combat training is aimed, on the one hand, at inflicting physical damage to the enemy with varying degrees of severity - from destruction to capture, with minimal injuries, with the absolute priority of saving the life of a fighter and others. Thus, the first stage of system analysis is performed - the classification of objects, relationships and relationships, their names and definitions. Then the actual relationship model is built. Useful relationships are involved in the development of the system. Harmful ones, called contradictions, hinder development or even destroy it. After that, an analysis is actually made, a conclusion about the subject of study.

Let's get started.

Combat training has existed since the time when human individuals began to gather in organized, controlled groups in order to obtain food, rob less organized or weak relatives, or, conversely, protect themselves from stronger ones. With the development of scientific and technological progress and the emergence of new weapons, combat training began to be divided into disciplines, so wrestling and boxing, fencing, driving a horse or tank appeared.

Over time, regular classes and practicing techniques emerged into a separate system, which was called sport. Unlike combat, it has completely different goals - physical culture, health, entertainment, striving for excellence, business. Accordingly, other external and internal communications and relations. Since sport left the utilitarian practice and turned into an object of mass culture, it lost some of its applied qualities and was overgrown with others that give entertainment and aesthetics.

For example, fights in martial arts break up and conduct training and competitions in the weight categories of athletes. Needless to say, in life you don’t have to choose the weight category of the enemy who attacked you. A similar example can be given from any sport. For example, the Weaver stance from shooting training is needed as a kiba-dachi karate stance in a street fight. Therefore, only applied elements can be taken from sports training and supplemented with those specifics that are not found in sports, but can be encountered in life.

Let's return to the main topic - movement during shooting. In the epigraph, I gave a literary description of the "pendulum" from the work of V. Bogomolov. Pay attention to the clarification - "something similar, only simpler, is done by a boxer in the ring." Remember the famous expression of Muhammad Ali - "flutter like a butterfly, sting like a bee." The pendulum is the ability of a fighter to move in space during a duel, and not the ability to hit a target with a weapon. First of all, it is developed in mobile sports, where it is necessary to maintain balance in unexpected situations - in boxing, wrestling, and even in football. If you start practicing the “pendulum” skills immediately with a pistol in a firing position, then nothing will work. The best type of martial arts that brings the body of a fighter to the state of a pendulum, in my opinion, is sambo, complemented by boxing striking techniques and judo choking techniques. Why exactly these types and why I am not talking about “combat sambo”, I will not explain, this is long and not in the profile of the article.

In sambo, unlike martial arts, it is not customary to "rest" during training. Even during a break between series of throws, listening to the instructions of the coach, you can not sit down and even just stand still, the body must be in constant motion.

The athlete, as it were, constantly dances, in fact, energetic group dances are the emotional development of the elements of combat training.
If you start moving from a static stance, in response to an external threat, you will need to lose energy to accelerate, overcome the inertia of the body, and waste time. In the state of the pendulum, a reflex is developed - the body's reaction to the external environment, which may not be a threat, but the signal to change the stance has already passed. An experienced goalkeeper can determine which corner of the goal the puck will fly to by swinging the opponent’s stick, and only an even more experienced goalkeeper will determine that there will be a swing now and will already start moving in the right direction. Wrestling and boxing is a rivalry between two sets of reflexes. The brain does not have time to process the changing situation, but by a barely noticeable swing or even by the tension of a certain muscle group of the opponent, the body of a trained athlete already begins its counterplay to evade a blow or a hit, and the highest masters to carry out a counter strike or a hit. The development of such tactics is superbly staged in sambo, wrestling and boxing. In a completely similar way, the body of a trained fighter should also work during fire contact with the use of cold steel or firearms. The hero of Bogomolov's novel, Tamantsev, is fluent in this art. Due to the pendulum, he evades pistol shots, reflexively determining the moment and direction of the shot.

"The barrel of the Browning again followed my movements - from right to left and back, and I felt, I knew that in the next second a shot would be heard again."

In addition to perfect physical fitness, the analytical component also plays an important role in the pendulum. An experienced fighter or athlete is constantly in a creative search. Mentally, he works out various techniques that may occur in a given situation. For example, moving down the street, he evaluates the men and possibly women he meets for an unexpected attack from their side and the choice of countermeasures from his own. Here you need to correctly assess the weight, build, supporting leg, whether he is left-handed or right-handed, and even the mental portrait of a possible opponent.

Evasion from danger, a fatal blow, a throw, and a throw can also be fatal, a shot from a weapon, a prick or a cut with a knife - this is all the apotheosis of a fight, which can be preceded by a variety of situations.

It must be clearly understood that at the heart of combat training the pendulum is a reflex possession of the body for various life situations, the final of which should be the physical neutralization of the enemy up to physical destruction with any weapon from a fist or bullet to a porcelain plate (according to Pikul), and not just the ability to shoot in Macedonian .

Can the introduction of practical shooting techniques and methods into combat training give something useful for the development of a fighter? The indisputable advantage of practical shooting is its technique of high-speed target destruction, a high culture of handling weapons and an excellent system for ensuring safety during firing. Obviously, all these useful qualities can be used, but the skills of moving, turning, handling weapons, which can be firmly fixed in a fighter at the level of reflex performance, can lead to irreparable consequences.

As already mentioned, in practical shooting, the targets do not shoot at the athlete. He is completely focused on high-speed hitting targets. And what is primary in fire contact, which is practiced in combat training? This is leaving the line of oncoming fire. It is necessary to determine the danger, its type and direction, to perform an evasive maneuver while exposing the weapon and hitting the enemy. Performing an evasive or blocking maneuver is one of the main conditions in combat training, but this reduces the rate of fire, which is the main thing in sports shooting, that is, we have a systemic contradiction.

“Shots from the TT clattered from the left, and, throwing a glance there, I saw that the “lieutenant”, turning around, was shooting at the Kid, and the one, as I taught him, dodges on the run, not very dexterously, but generally competently. »

Let's look at what causes cognitive dissonance in a sambist when he sees the movement of practicing athletes during shooting. First, a bit of wrestling physics - the body falls if the projection of the center of gravity goes beyond the body's support area. The athlete's task is to maintain the optimal combination of a larger area of ​​support at minimal energy costs with maximum mobility. "Don't cross your legs!" - that was the first advice I got. when he first stepped onto the mat and the last one he gave himself leaving the mat twenty years later, while dropping an opponent weighing 140 kg with his own 72. All movements in the pendulum are only with an added step! At competitions in practical shooting, one can often observe such a picture.

On smooth sports grounds, it can and does help to deliver accurate high-speed fire at targets without worrying about what is under your feet. But life slips knots and pebbles into it at the wrong moment, this is its specificity. Even a child can drop an opponent cross-legged. The sambo wrestler will not suffer in this case, since fall arrest is the first thing he learns on the mat, but an inexperienced athlete can even break his neck, since both hands are holding the gun and IPSC does not explain how to act in this case.

I'll give you another example. Going to the ground, or taking up a prone position. Two approaches are recommended - kneeling or resting on the free hand, followed by a toss of the sirloin with legs straightened.

Now let's compare it with the Soviet approach. The fighter takes a prone position by taking a step forward and slightly to the side. Such a movement is energetically less expensive than tossing the body into the air, and shifting the body to the side reduces the probability of being hit by the enemy, that is, an evasive maneuver is simultaneously performed.

Let's think about reflexes. Let's say a fighter has a threat from the side to the left. By moving to the ground with a step with his right foot, he still has the opportunity to turn towards the threat. The task in combat training is to develop a reflex skill of lowering to the ground with a step with the foot opposite to the direction of the threat with a simultaneous turn of the body in its direction.

Of course, the matter is not limited to crossing the legs or moving to the stalls. Mistakes from the point of view of the pendulum are made by practitioners during direct movements, turns, turns, changing magazines. The location of the holster and the manipulation of the weapon when drawing from it, and even the simple holding of the weapon, are not always optimal for a combat maneuver duel. There are questions about weapons and targets. For example, a swinging target is easily read at the phase of maximum deviation, when its speed is minimal, but I didn’t see any suddenly appearing targets.

The systematic nature of combat training lies in the fact that the studied disciplines should complement each other. Contradictions are unacceptable here, because their result will be the loss of the most valuable thing a person has.

V.O. Bogomolov, "In August 1944".
V. Zhukovsky, S. Kovalev, I. Petrov, Pistol in close combat. Shooting anatomy. Shooting psychology.
V.S. Pikul, "I have the honor."
V.P.Volkov, “Course of defense without SAMBO weapon”. Only for employees of the NKVD.
A.A. Kharlampiev, SAMBO wrestling.
A.A. Kharlampiev Tactics of fighting Sambo.
E. Chumakov, "Tactics of a sambo wrestler".
Pendulum of practical shooting. Article in the magazine "Kalashnikov"