Do-it-yourself barometer from a spruce branch. Pine cone barometer. light bulb barometer

Predicting the weather is not only useful, but also very interesting! Try to do it yourself and compare your predictions with the forecast on the Internet, in newspapers or on TV. Perhaps the result will surprise you!

We provide a list of many signs. Of course, it is impossible to check everything. Choose purely meteorological, or, if you are more interested in signs of living organisms, then read the entire list and select those organisms that are in your area and are nearby. Someone has a sea or a river nearby, others have a forest or a field. Maybe you have your own apiary or something else of particular interest. You can observe for a week, then take a break. It will be more interesting if you take several periods with different weather - sunny, rainy, etc. Do not forget to write everything down, register the date, time of day, true weather, whether the sign is carried out. In the work, you can use real or home-made devices (see their description later in the text). If you have enough strength and patience, then compare your results with the official forecast. You will be able to understand who more accurately predicts the weather - living organisms, real or home-made instruments, or the Hydrometeorological Center.

Signs of bad weather in summer

Before a warm summer rain, worms willingly leave their underground shelters, but bees do not want to leave their hive. If they “shown”, then they circle nearby - having flown far from the hive, they can be overtaken by rain. Yes, and fluttering butterflies in the meadows are not visible - they felt something was wrong and hid somewhere.

Aquarium fish rush about restlessly from corner to corner or sink to the bottom - it is obvious that soon the sky will be covered with rain clouds.

Sea jellyfish and fish also perfectly feel the slightest infrasonic fluctuations, foreshadowing a storm, and together go into the depths, a couple of hours before the onset of a storm.

Before a storm, whales leave safe harbors and go to the open sea. Dolphins, on the contrary, begin to approach the shores.

The barking of a dog at night portends an imminent change in the weather. If it was warm, it will be cold.

Cattle or sheep graze in the meadow with reluctance and impatience - expect bad weather soon.

If it is stuffy in the summer from early morning, it may rain in the evening.

If at sunset the sky turns greenish, it means that gusty winds and light rain are expected the next day.

If the noise of the forest is not heard - it's time to stock up on an umbrella, rain is expected.

If during the rain large bubbles swell in the puddles, the rain promises to be protracted and will probably intensify even more in the near future.

If the spruce lowers its branches and compresses the scales of the cones, then heavy rain may begin in a day.

If the buds of the field bindweed have blossomed, it will be cloudy.

Signs of good weather in summer

If, after prolonged rains, loud birdsong is heard outside, the sky will soon clear up.

If heavy dew is visible on the grass in the morning, then most likely it will be dry hot weather all day. The good weather the next day is also evidenced by the dew that appeared on the grass in the evening.

Large jellyfish near the shore announce good weather. This sign “works” especially accurately in August, when there are especially many jellyfish.

If a sparrow bathes in a puddle and chirps, wait for good weather.

Leeches float to the surface of the water - wait for the rain.

If the Milky Way is clearly visible on a summer night, it means that good weather will last for a long period of time.

If the sky turns gold or pink at sunset, the next day will be dry and sunny.

If a light cloud is visible in the sky before sunrise, it means that the day will be warm.

If the month is clearly visible in the sky, it means that a long drought may come.

If the thistle bends its spines to the sides and emits a strong aroma, then the weather will be dry and warm all day.

If the weather is cloudy, but the buttercup buds remain open, the alarm is false, it will not rain.

Folk signs of summer

A clear sunset is a sign of stable clear weather.

If high cumulus clouds appear during the day, expect thunderstorms again at night.

Strengthening of the wind in the evening - to the deterioration of the weather. If at this time its direction changes counterclockwise, there will be prolonged precipitation.

Damp dried up, but not harvested hay in the meadow - to be rain.

Before the onset of wet weather, leather things become flexible and soft.

Evening dew is the first sign of clear weather for tomorrow.

If the dew does not fall on the meadows, expect rain.

If the bindweed flowers close - rain is near, bloom in cloudy weather - to good sunny days.

Thistle needles do not prick - be rain, very prickly - it will be a good day.

Mallow flowers are closed - to rain. In anticipation of rainy weather, the rose and wild rose do not open their buds.

Fragrant tobacco, levkoy and sweet clover smell strongly before the rain.

Before the onset of inclement weather, the pedicels of the white-purple flowers of the potato bend down and the flowers droop.

If the leaves of the drupe are curled into a tube, be sure that stable, dry weather is ahead, and if they start to straighten out, the end of dry weather.

In a fern, before good weather, the leaves twist down, and before inclement weather, they unwind.

Swallows and swifts fly high - to good weather, low - to be rain.

Sparrows bathe in dust or sand - to be rain.

In the summer, before the rain, rooks are more often on the grass than on the roads and plowing.

Cuckoos usually sing in good weather, when there are warm, clear days.

Chickens pluck all the time, ducks splash and dive endlessly - to be bad weather.

If there are clouds in the sky, but the bees do not hide in the hives, but continue to collect nectar, then there will be no rain. The bees returned to the hive later than usual - expect bad weather.

If the bees do not fly out of the hives in the morning, then it will rain in the next few hours. The massive return of bees to the hives in the morning and afternoon is a sign of the onset of windy and rainy weather.

If there are few inhabitants around the anthill, it will soon rain. Life is in full swing around the anthill - no rain is expected.

If you hear a grasshopper singing late at night, then the morning will be quiet and sunny.

If butterflies - hives are hiding, it means that in an hour or two it will rain; the rain has stopped, and the butterflies do not leave their shelters, which means that the bad weather will last.

But if the butterflies fly out of their hiding places when there are still clouds in the sky, clear weather will come.

If the spiders make the main threads of their web especially long and stretch them widely, there will be warm sunny weather for a long time, and if it is short, it will rain, there are few spiders and their networks - to variable weather, a lot - expect good weather.

Before a storm, the fish jumps out of the water. Before the rain does not bite. Catfish before a thunderstorm and bad weather necessarily emerges from the depths.

If during a drought the fish stop pecking, it means that soon it will rain.

Earthworms crawl out - wait for bad weather, rain.

Mosquitoes fly in a swarm - the weather will be good.

If lake frogs come ashore, it will rain.

Jellyfish, crabs and shrimps suddenly disappear, and the fish move away from the coast and hide in the depths - a storm will soon begin.

Sheep wool becomes softer and straightens before the rain.

Homemade devices - weather forecasters.

Here are some interesting examples found on the Internet.

Spruce branch - barometer.

Coniferous trees are able to lower their branches before rain and raise them before clear weather. This ability to respond to weather changes is also preserved in dry spruce branches, so simple barometers can be made from them. To do this, you need to take a 25-30-centimeter segment of a young spruce trunk together with a branch 30-35 cm long, peel it from the bark and attach the sawn part of the trunk to the wall of the building or to another sheer support. The branch should be in such a state that when lowering down its free end before bad weather and raising it up with a steady in clear weather, it moved parallel to the wall without hitting it. Near the end of the “arrow” branch, a scale should be attached to the wall with a division every 1 cm. Observe how the branch deviates with weather changes. After some time, the scale can be marked on the indicators: "clear", "variable", "rain", just like on a conventional aneroid barometer. Long-term observations have shown that with a branch length of 32 cm, the amplitude of its deviations can reach 11 cm. Such a simple device predicts significant weather changes in 8-12 hours, and sometimes even longer.

Hygrometer from seeds with awn.

Hygrometer is a device that measures the humidity of the air. The seeds of some plants have awns that quickly respond to changes in this indicator: at high humidity they straighten (untwist), and in dry air they twist in a spiral. Therefore, a simple but sensitive hygrometer can be made from them. For this, the fruit with the awn of a common weed plant, which is called the cicutus stork, is most suitable. If a hole is pierced in the center of a cardboard circle with a diameter of 5-6 cm with a needle and the lower end of the fruit (seed) is fixed in it with a drop of glue, then in dry weather its sickle-shaped tip will deviate in a circle counterclockwise (to the left), and with increasing humidity - back (to the right), as shown in the figure. You can compare the readings of this “device” several times with the data of meteorologists on the Internet or the forecast on television and draw conclusions about the accuracy of the stork.

A home-made simple weather predictor from the fruit of the cicutus stork.

Barometer of immortals.

To predict the weather, you can use a bouquet of flowers. Flowers, which are usually called immortelle, are suitable for this. If well-dried immortelle flowers on stems are treated with a solution of 200 g of water, 4 g of glycerin and 30 g of cobalt chloride, a bouquet of dried flowers will turn yellow before a bad weather, and with the onset of clear sunny weather, the flowers become bright green.

How to make your own barometer.

If there is a barometer in the physics classroom, at your home or with friends, then you can use it. But buying it is quite expensive. It is more interesting to make a barometer yourself. We offer you two methods found on the Internet. The barometer (see figure) consists of a bottle with transparent glass, a glass tube and a cork.

The bottle is one third filled with water, it is better to take distilled water. Water should be slightly tinted with ink or paint. A hole is made in the cork, a glass tube is inserted into it. The junction is covered with plasticine. Now you need to close the bottle with a cork and the barometer is ready. When the atmospheric pressure begins to change, the water level in the tube will also change. If air bubbles begin to come out of the tube, the pressure is very high, and this predicts clear, stable weather. If water starts to pour out through the top of the tube, then the pressure is low, it may rain.

Burnt out light bulb barometer.

If, after reading the instructions, you realize that it is difficult to do it yourself, then do not hesitate to ask for help from the elders.
Take a burnt out light bulb and, where the base with the threaded part begins, carefully drill a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm. This should be done very carefully, otherwise the balloon may crack or break. At the point where you marked the hole, apply a drop of machine or sunflower oil. Take the abrasive powder from medium-grained sandpaper and add it to the oil drop to make a viscous paste, a little thinner than toothpaste. Then clamp the copper wire in the drill chuck. Its diameter should match the size of the hole you want to drill. Gently clamp the lamp base in a vise. And wrap the glass flask with a towel or rag. You need to drill very carefully, applying minimal effort.

When the hole is drilled, fill it with tap water, filling the glass flask halfway. Then add two or three drops of ink or a piece of indelible pencil lead to it and mix. The barometer is ready.

It remains to wait until the inner wall of the flask dries out, and hang the barometer between the window frames. It is best on the north side, where direct sunlight will not fall on it. If the windows face south, install at the top of the window. After a few hours, you can take readings. Such a homemade barometer can predict the weather for the day quite accurately.
But you need to know some features in order to decipher the testimony:

If the inner walls of the light bulb are covered with small drops of condensed water, tomorrow it will be overcast, but without precipitation.

If the walls of the light bulb are covered with medium-sized drops, and vertical dry stripes form between them, partly cloudy weather should be expected.

The walls are partially covered with large drops of dew - expect short-term precipitation. And if, from top to bottom, drops, growing larger, flow down, there will be a thunderstorm.

Large drops are only at the surface of the water, and the neck of the bulb is dry - the rain will pass by, 30-60 km from your places.

If it is raining, but the walls of the light bulb have become completely dry, tomorrow the weather will be fine. And if droplets appear only on the north side of the bulb, expect rain tomorrow afternoon.
Of course, such a barometer can only be used if the air temperature is above zero, that is, in spring, summer and early autumn. But this is just what we need.

You can now make observations and find out how accurately the old light bulb predicts the weather.

We wish you interesting work and new discoveries. Maybe someone will understand that he is a future meteorologist. Don't forget to format your work properly.

Often the gardener looks at the sky - will it rain or not? Water today or not? After all, to believe the forecasts given by the weather service is a thankless task.

Therefore, I want to tell you about the device of a very simple (but quite reliable!) barometer, which our grandfathers used with success.

How to make a barometer with your own hands from a spruce cone

Everyone knows that wood, leather and similar organic materials are sensitive to any changes in weather conditions. In humid air, for example, leather becomes softer and wood details increase in volume. As a result, in the rain, the scales of the same pine cone are more tightly pressed against each other, and in dry weather, on the contrary, they open up, which makes the cone become ruffy. This behavior of cone scales was noticed by our ancestors, realizing that it is quite possible to predict the weather from a cone, that is, to use a cone as a barometer.

Making such a barometer is quite simple. For its manufacture, you will need two planks (for the base and rack). The boards are connected with glue, reinforced with small carnations (see fig.). Next, a scale is prepared from thick paper, drawing divisions on it and drawing two simple icons: the sun and a cloud with rain. A large pine cone is attached to the base.

Then a dry blade of grass with a paper arrow at the end is glued to one of its scales.

All. Homemade cone barometer is ready

Other cool crafts:
	How to make a sundial
	Guitar CD Rack
	How to make a paper kite and how to fly it
	How to make a file from a gas lighter
	camping power plant
	Ice drifts from ski boots
	Flashlight from ... a syringe

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Homemade barometers

What only people are not much, especially in predicting the weather. Here, dear friends, let's talk about all sorts of things in this section, which, I hope, will help you predict the weather. And if you consider that the official reports of the "Hydrometeorological Center" resemble old fortune-telling on coffee grounds, then these home-made things will turn out to be very, very useful for someone.

Burnt out light bulb barometer

Take a burnt out light bulb, and where the base with the threaded part begins, carefully drill a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm. This should be done very carefully, otherwise the balloon may crack or break.

Here is the easiest way to drill glass. At the point where you marked the hole, apply a drop of machine or sunflower oil. Take the abrasive powder from medium-grained sandpaper and add it to the oil drop to make a viscous paste, a little thinner than toothpaste. Then clamp the copper wire in the drill chuck. Its diameter should match the size of the hole you want to drill. Gently clamp the lamp base in a vise. And wrap the glass flask with a towel or rag.

You need to drill very carefully, applying minimal effort.

When the hole is drilled, fill it with tap water, filling the glass flask halfway. Then add two or three drops of ink or a piece of indelible pencil lead to it and mix. The barometer is ready.

It remains to wait until the inner wall of the flask dries out, and hang the barometer between the window frames. It is best on the north side, where direct sunlight will not fall on it. If the windows face south, install at the top of the window. After a few hours, you can take readings. Our barometer can predict the weather for the day quite fully. Overcast or partly cloudy awaits us, whether a bucket sets in or it starts to rain - a small lingering, short-term, maybe thunderstorm ...

True, you need to know some features in order to decipher the testimony.

Suppose the inner walls of the light bulb are covered with small drops of condensed water - tomorrow it will be overcast, but without precipitation.

Partly cloudy - the walls of the bulb were covered with drops of medium size, and vertical dry stripes formed between them.

If the walls are partially covered with large drops of dew, expect short-term precipitation. And from top to bottom, and drops, growing larger, flow down - there will be a thunderstorm.

Large drops are only at the surface of the water, and the neck of the bulb is dry - the rain will pass by, 30-60 km from your places.

It is raining outside the window, and the walls of the light bulb have become completely dry, without fog and droplets - excellent weather will set in tomorrow.

And if dew drops appeared only on the north side of the balloon, expect rain tomorrow afternoon.

Of course, you can use such a barometer only if the air temperature is above zero, that is, in spring, summer and early autumn.

Homemade spruce barometers

Siberian hunters have long noticed that the branches of coniferous trees fall before rain or snow and rise before clear weather. This ability is also preserved in dry spruce branches, which makes it possible to make simple, long-lasting barometers from them.

This simple device predicts weather changes in 8-12 hours. To make a barometer from a spruce branch, you need to take a 25-30 cm piece of a dry tree trunk along with a 30-35 cm branch, peel it from the bark and attach the sawn part of the trunk to a plank (it can be hung on the wall). The branch should be in such a state that when lowering its free end down (before bad weather) and raising it up (towards clear weather), it moves parallel to the screen wall without touching it.

For convenience, a plywood or metal scale with a division of 1 cm is attached to the plate near the ring of the “arrow” branch. , just like a conventional barometer. Such a simple device is indispensable for gardeners and gardeners.

fir barometer

You can use another similar way to determine the weather.

Cut a 10-12 cm long sprig of young fir with needles. Remove all needles from it, except for one. And it will become your barometer.

To do this, attach a twig with two small carnations to a plank of plywood, wood or plexiglass. The only requirement is that the fir needle be free to swing up and down.

Bring the needle to a hot stove, oven, or place it near a gas burner ... The moisture from the surface of the twig will evaporate very soon, and the needle will rise up. Make a mark on the board - 1, and then write "Sunny".

Hang the barometer in the shade so that direct rays do not fall on it. Everything is ready. Now, leaving the house, you can predict both a sunny day and rain, depending on the position of a single needle of a young fir ...

Fir cone barometer

To make a simple device that predicts the weather for several hours in advance, you will need two even wooden planks. For the base, cut a square with a side of 70 mm, and for the side, a rectangle of 70x150 mm. File the ends with a large file, and then clean the entire surface with sandpaper. Connect them with glue, strengthening with small nails, as shown in the figure. Cut out a scale from thick paper, draw divisions and two signs on it: the sun and the umbrella. At the very sidewall, attach a large dry pine cone to the base. Glue a dry straw with a paper arrow at the end to one of its lower scales. That's all.

How the device works - no need to explain. Install it on the balcony or outside the window - and, please, it will tell you with high accuracy whether to take an umbrella with you that day.

Travel barometer

Cut a branch off a young fir or pine tree. Separate from it a segment 10 cm long with a thin long needle growing on the side. Now take a flat plank or plywood 150x100 mm in size and nail a prepared piece of fir to it so that the needle can move freely (see Fig.). The barometer is ready. It just needs to be graded. Bring the device to a hot stove or stove - the heat will straighten the needle and rise up. Where she stops, take a risk. Then bring the appliance to a stream of steam escaping from the spout of the kettle. From exposure to moisture, the needle will drop down. Here mark the second risk. Connect the risks with an arc and divide into several equal parts. It remains to make the appropriate inscriptions, as in the figure. When hiking, the barometer is placed in a place protected from direct sunlight, and it will predict the weather for you.

bottle barometer

The barometer (see figure) consists of a bottle with transparent glass, a glass tube and a cork.

The bottle is one third filled with water, it is better to take distilled water, since ordinary water blooms in a year. Water can be slightly tinted. A hole is made in the cork into which a glass tube is inserted. The junction is covered with plasticine. Now it remains to plug the bottle with a cork. The barometer is ready. When atmospheric pressure begins to change, the water level in the tube will change. If air bubbles begin to come out of the tube, it means that the pressure is very high, and this is for clear, stable weather, at such a time there is a good bite. If water starts pouring out through the top of the tube, the pressure is low, you can expect a storm, and you should not go fishing.

bottle barometer

syringe barometer

A barometer is a device that shows changes in atmospheric pressure, and therefore changes in the weather. You can easily make such a device yourself according to the proposed drawing.

The manufactured barometer needs to be adjusted: when it is reported on radio and television that the pressure is 760 mm Hg, use the piston of the lower syringe to set the water level in the tube to the height of the middle mark. High pressure, which usually "predicts" good weather, pushes water from an open syringe into a thin tube, and low pressure, on the contrary, causes a decrease in its level in the tube.

To prevent the water from evaporating, put a drop of vegetable oil into the syringe, and to make it better visible, tint it.

Barometer of two syringes and a dropper

To make a barometer, we need: two syringes of 10 cc (1 and 2), a tube from a dropper with a diameter of 3 mm (3), a wall thermometer (4), a board 16x25 cm (5), a sheet of graph paper (6), clips or tape (7), buttons (8), cloves (9). Materials are completely scarce and inexpensive. The connection diagram of the parts is shown in the figure.

Hang the assembled barometer in the room vertically on the wall at eye level so that the rays of the sun do not fall on it, away from the window and the kitchen.

Fill the system with boiled water only! This should be done at a room temperature of +18 degrees, and an atmospheric pressure of about 750 mm Hg. (its value can be found in the weather forecast messages on the radio or in newspapers). this is the average value of the atmospheric pressure range (720-780 mmHg). At the beginning of filling, set the piston of the upper syringe 1 at mark 7, and pour water into the body of the lower syringe without piston 2 up to mark 10. After that, by raising the piston, set the water level in tube 3 at mark 750.

The principle of operation of the barometer- compression and expansion of a closed volume of air depending on atmospheric pressure. 96-98% of its volume is in the upper syringe, and 2-4% is in the tube, where it is blocked by a water seal (VZ). When the pressure rises, the air is compressed, the air intake level rises. When it goes down, vice versa, it goes down. The U-shaped deflection of the tube ensures the tightness of the air intake. Therefore, neither the distance from the upper syringe to the scale, nor the length of the vinyl chloride tube affect the accuracy of the barometer readings.

The "step" of the barometer scale in 1 mm is equal to 1 mm Hg. The dimension of the scale is affected by the amount of closed volume of air. Therefore, before use, raise the piston of the upper syringe to mark 7, which corresponds to 7 cc at a pressure of 750 mm Hg. Air compression by 1 mm, respectively, raises the air intake level by 1 mm. Place the body of the second syringe at the level of the scale.

For the convenience of taking readings, the water should be slightly tinted. The dependence of the change in pressure on the weather, of course, can be subtracted in the literature. But the best thing is to go by experience. At first, record the barometer readings in a special journal, but on the contrary, write down what kind of weather they correspond to. In this case, it is desirable to take readings at an air temperature in the room of 18 degrees (using heaters or cooling the room by ventilation).

Having accumulated empirical material for all manifestations of the weather, then only barometer readings will be enough for you to accurately navigate in its future changes. This means that timely measures should be taken to protect garden plants and horticultural crops growing in open ground from rain, hail, frost and drought.

Oil can barometer

A simple barometer can be made from a small tin oil can with parallel sides.

Pick up a cork that tightly closes the only hole of the future barometer. Before you put the cork in place, you need to make a hole in it of such a diameter that you can pass a transparent tube-straw for cocktails through it. However, it is better to use a glass tube with an inner hole diameter of 1.5 - 2.0 mm.

The container is 2/3 filled with tinted water, a tube with a cork is inserted into the hole, while in the tube

Fix such a barometer on a stand with a vertical ruler. You can calibrate it by taking readings from a real barometer.

Instead of a metal container, you can use any small glass bottle. After filling with tinted water and fitting the stopper with the tube, add some water to the tube. Since the body of the barometer is rigid, when the pressure increases, the water level will decrease, and when it decreases, it will rise.

glass jar barometer

To make a barometer, we need: wide-mouth jar, balloon, scissors, rubber band, drinking straw, cardboard, pen, ruler, duct tape or tape.

1. Cut the balloon open and pull it tight over the jar. Secure it with a rubber band.

2. Sharpen the end of the straw. Glue the other end to the stretched ball with adhesive tape.

3. Draw a scale on a cardboard card and place the cardboard at the end of the arrow. When atmospheric pressure rises, the air in the can is compressed. As it falls, the air expands. Accordingly, the arrow will move along the scale.

If the pressure rises, the weather will be fine. If it falls, it's bad.

When you covered the jar with a balloon, you trapped air in it at a certain pressure. Thus, the ball will now change depending on atmospheric pressure, that is, on the pressure of the air around you. An increase in atmospheric pressure will push the ball into the jar, causing the tube to rise up. Or vice versa, when the air inside the jar will press on the ball more than the air outside the jar, the ball will inflate, and the tube will point down. The tube is just used to make it easier for you to see changes in the shape of the ball.

Note that the tube will move up or down shortly before the change in weather, because changes in the weather are usually associated with a change in barometric pressure.

photographic plate barometer

Another amazing barometer design for photography enthusiasts.

Find a black and white negative of a landscape that shows both water and vegetation, take a glass plate and expose the negative on it. Then develop and immediately after washing, dip for 15 minutes in a 10% solution of cobalt nitrate, bypassing the washing stage, dry the plate and carefully paint over the trees, shrubs and grass depicted on it from the side of the emulsion with a thin layer of porous, easily permeable yellow paint, for example, watercolors or gouache. After the paint dries, frame the plate - the weather barometer is ready, and in order not to damage the fragile layers of emulsion and paint, place it between the glass of the window frame.

The sky and water on the photographic plate will turn blue, and the vegetation will turn green as dry weather approaches, but as the weather deteriorates, the image on the plate will also fade: the sky and water will turn gray, and the leaves and grass will turn yellow. The principle of operation of such a barometer is based on the fact that cobalt nitrate crystals deposited on the photoemulsion layer change their color depending on the humidity of the air: with a high moisture content they become colorless, and in dry weather they become blue, in those places that are covered with paint, two colors - yellow and blue - mix to form green.

Such a simple barometer predicts the weather quite accurately.

Immortelle Barometer

A bouquet of flowers can also be used to predict the weather. If well-dried immortelle flowers on stems are treated with a solution of 200 g of water, 4 g of glycerin and 30 g of cobalt chloride, a bouquet of dried flowers will turn yellow before a bad weather, and with the onset of clear sunny weather, the flowers become bright green.

Barometer - hygrometer

The seeds of some plants have awns that quickly and sensitively react to changes in air humidity: at high humidity they straighten (unwind), and in dry air they twist in a spiral. Therefore, a simple but sensitive hygrometer can be made from them. For this, the most suitable fruit is with the awn of such an annual low weed plant, which is ubiquitous on arable land, like the cicutus stork (see Fig.).

stork

The fruits of the stork

If a hole is pierced in the center of a cardboard circle with a diameter of 5-6 cm with a needle and the lower end of the fruit (seed) is fixed in it with a drop of glue, then in dry weather its sickle-shaped tip will deviate in a circle counterclockwise (to the left), and with increasing humidity - back (to the right).

Barometer-hygrometer from the fruit of the cicuta stork

Barometer - aneroid

Like a real barometer, our homemade product is able to respond to changes in atmospheric pressure and can serve not only as a visual aid, but also as a measuring device.

The sensitive part of the device - the pressure sensor is a hermetically sealed jar. When the external pressure is greater than the air pressure inside the jar, the lid and bottom seem to be pulled inwards. If the external pressure is less than the internal pressure, the lid and bottom bend outward. It remains to connect the lid or bottom of the jar with the pointer - and the barometer is ready.

Bank - from under instant coffee. Instead of a cover, solder a circle of thin tin or brass to it - this is the sensor membrane. After soldering, check the tightness of the jar by lowering it into water. If there are no bubbles, everything is in order, you can glue the bottom of the jar to a wooden stand. Place a rack next to the jar and fasten the arrow bar on it so that it easily rotates around the axis, but the end of the arrow hangs down under the action of gravity. Slightly departing from the axis, attach a rod in the form of a wire hook to the bar and connect the end of the hook with another similar rod soldered to the center of the membrane circle. The total length of the rods should be such that, at normal atmospheric pressure, the end of the arrow is approximately opposite the middle division of the scale.

When atmospheric pressure starts to decrease, the end of the arrow will begin to drop down. As the pressure increases, the end of the arrow will crawl up. Comparing the readings of a homemade barometer with a real one, it is easy to calibrate the scale in units of pressure.

Barometer from a can of condensed milk

The basic steps for making a barometer are shown in the figure.

Take a glass or transparent plastic tube, attach it to a vertical board with clamps. Then we proceed to the manufacture of a tin box with a diaphragm.

Cut off the bottom of the condensed milk can so that its walls are 40 mm high. Carefully bend the top edge of the bike outward, lay the ring of copper wire and roll it up to the joint with the wall. Solder the joint. Seaming is needed so that the edge of the tin does not cut through the rubber diaphragm. Remove irregularities after soldering with a knife and sandpaper.

Solder a tin pipe into the side of the vessel. Its outside diameter should be the same as the glass tube of the manometer. The hole for the nozzle should be 12 mm above the bottom of the can. Solder three identical perforated tin feet under the bottom of the vessel and nail the vessel to the panel above the shorter gauge leg. Connect this elbow to the vessel nozzle with a rubber tube. It remains to make the diaphragm. The material for it is thin rubber. You can use a children's balloon (preferably one that has not yet been inflated). Stretch the diaphragm well on the opening of the vessel and tie it tightly with a gray thread. If you now press on the diaphragm with your finger, the air in the vessel will compress. This pressure will be transmitted to all the air in the pressure gauge leg connected to the vessel. Fluid will flow into the free leg until its level difference is equal to the pressure you are applying to the diaphragm.

hydrostatic barometer

A glass jar, a glass or vinyl chloride tube inserted into it - that's all that is required for manufacturing. The jar is filled with water one quarter and tightly closed with a cork, and a tube is inserted into it so that its lower end is lowered into the water.

To prevent air from entering the jar, the cork must be sealed with plasticine or putty. Before using such a barometer, blow into the tube. At the same time, air will enter through the water into the jar, and the water level in the tube will rise. In the event that the jar is well sealed, the pressure in it will remain constant, and any changes in atmospheric pressure will cause changes in the water level in the tube. It remains only to calibrate the scale, and the device can be used.

Hydrostatic barometer: 1 - a can of water, 2 - a box with sawdust, 3 - a tube, 4 - a mount, 5 - a rail with divisions.

balloon barometer

The simplest barometer can be made from a balloon and a straw. How it is arranged can be seen from the figure. The most important thing here is to seal the ball well, otherwise the apparent change in pressure value will be caused by air leakage.

Balloon barometer: 1 - straw lever (200-250 mm), 2 - thread, 3 - lever suspension thread (distance between threads 3-5 mm).

Barometer "Carthusian Falls"

This barometer design can be made on the basis of the "Cartesian diver", a toy that we have repeatedly written about. True, instead of a funny person in this design, a can of stationery glue was used. The canister is filled with water so that when it is immersed in a jar, it does not sink, but protrudes slightly above the surface of the water, while maintaining a vertical position. To do this, the thread on its neck is wrapped with copper wire of the required length. A small metal bracket is attached to the bottom of the can. For this bracket, with the help of two paper clips, the can is suspended from the rack.

This is how a barometer works. When atmospheric pressure changes, the water level in the can rises or falls. At the same time, the can itself floats or sinks and pulls the arrow along with it. As you can see, everything is quite simple. To make the water evaporate less, it is better to drop a few drops of engine oil on its surface.

Barometer "Carthusian Falls": 1 - a vessel with water, 2 - a can, 3 - a load, 4 - a counterweight, 5 - a stand, 6 - an arrow, 7 - a scale, 8 - a paper clip bracket, 9 - electrical tape, 10 - holders, 11 - a support for an arrow .

Home hydrometeorological center

The principle of "master oneself" really justifies itself in many areas of our lives. If you want to add independent weather forecasting to the many things that are necessarily carried out according to this principle, then you really need two thermometers, one of which needs to be wrapped in a damp cloth or cotton wool, put in a jar and constantly make sure that they are wet. Using the table below, by comparing the readings of two thermometers, you can quite confidently predict the possibility of frost.

If you want to know in advance about changes in the weather, then you can make a barometer with your own hands. This device shows changes in atmospheric pressure, by fluctuations in which you can predict the weather.

So, if the atmospheric pressure falls, then precipitation is possible and the weather will worsen, and vice versa, if the atmospheric pressure rises, then we can talk about the improvement of the weather. Of course, you can trust the reports of hydrometeorological centers or watch the weather on weather websites, but it’s better to have a similar device in your house and focus on its readings.

Barometers are produced and sold in different types, but you can make a device that responds to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure at home.

These interesting "tricks" will help you navigate the weather, and they do not require complex technologies or materials to make them. It turns out that a kind of barometer can be made even from spruce branches.

spruce barometer

Siberian hunters have long known that the branches of coniferous trees tend to fall before precipitation and are understood in anticipation of sunny clear weather. Even dry spruce branches retain this feature, so they can be used to make natural barometers that will show weather changes 8-12 hours before the change.

To make such a barometer, you need a piece of a dry small tree trunk (25-30 cm long) along with a branch 30-35 cm long. The trunk with a branch is cleaned of bark and attached to a plank, which is hung on the wall. In this case, the branch should be located so that when lowering and raising the free end of the branch, it moves parallel to the wall and does not touch it. Raising a branch signals clear weather, and lowering it means bad weather.

You can even attach a metal or plywood scale to the board with risks every 1 centimeter. After some time of use, it will already be possible to determine the possibilities of the branch and sign the indicators "precipitation", "variable", "sunny"

light bulb barometer

For this barometer, you will need a burnt out incandescent light bulb. At the beginning of the threaded base, a hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm is drilled. Drilling must be done carefully and with minimal effort so that the glass does not crack. Through the resulting hole, clean water is poured up to half the flask. Add 2-3 drops of ink to it.

Next, they wait until the inner walls of the flask dry out, and hang a barometer bulb between the window frames of the window, preferably from the north side. If the windows are located on the south side, then the light bulb should be hung at the top of the window. After a few hours, you can take readings.

• If the inner walls are covered with small droplets of condensate, then there will be cloudy weather without precipitation.
• With droplets of medium size, between which dry vertical stripes have formed, partly cloudy weather is expected.
• Large drops near the surface of the water in a light bulb and a dry neck indicate that precipitation will pass by.
• Drops of water on the north side of the bulb indicate rain the next day in the afternoon.
• If the inside of the bulb is covered with large drops of condensate, then there will be short-term rains. And if the drops become larger and flow down, then most likely there will be a thunderstorm.
• If the walls of the bulb are completely dry, then the weather will be fine.

You can use such a barometer in spring, summer and autumn at temperatures above zero.

fir barometer

A fir twig 10-12 cm long is cut off. Needles are removed from it, except for one. The twig is attached to the plank so that the fir needle can freely fall and rise.

A plate with a twig and a needle must be brought to the oven so that moisture evaporates from it. In this case, the needle rises and it will be necessary to make a “sunny” mark with the number 1. Then you need to bring the device to the steam, and when the needle goes down, then mark the number 10 and write “Rain”. Between these marks mark the risks into ten divisions.

A homemade barometer should be placed in a shady place, away from direct sunlight. Such a device can be built during a hike and learn about weather changes in advance, focusing on the position of a small fir needle.

Fir cone barometer

Even a barometer can be made from a fir cone. This device can predict weather changes hours in advance. To make such a homemade barometer, you need two flat wooden planks and a dry pine cone.

Two elements are cut out of the boards: a base square with a side of 70 mm and a sidewall measuring 70x150 mm. The ends of the blanks are treated with a large file and the surfaces of the boards are cleaned with sanding paper. Connect the elements with glue and fix with small nails as shown in the figure. A scale is cut out of cardboard or thick paper with divisions and designations of sunny and rainy weather. At the sidewall, a large dry spruce cone is fixed to the base. A dry straw with a paper arrow at the end is glued to one of its scales from below.

The device will work based on the fact that the scales of spruce cones are pressed tightly against each other in humid air and vice versa open in dry weather. A homemade barometer should be placed on the balcony or outside the window, and with its help it will be easy to determine whether there will be precipitation or sunny clear weather today.

bottle barometer

For such a homemade device, you will need a transparent bottle, a glass tube and a cork. The bottle is filled with distilled water by a third. For better visibility, water can be tinted, and distilled water is used due to the fact that ordinary water can deteriorate after a while. A hole is cut in the cork into which a glass tube is inserted. The hole around the tube is covered with plasticine or sealant. Stopper the bottle with a cork with a tube, and the homemade barometer is ready. When atmospheric pressure changes, the water level in the tube will change. When air bubbles begin to come out of the tube, this will mean that the atmospheric pressure is high and the weather will be clear. If water pours out through the top end of the tube, the pressure is low and the weather will be rainy.

Home hydrometeorological center

A homemade hydrometeorological center can be made using two thermometers. One of them is wrapped with wet cotton wool or a cloth and lowered into a jar of water. You need to make sure that it is constantly wet. The table below compares the readings of both thermometers and determines the weather.

Not everyone has a barometer, and it is useful to know the weather forecast for both the summer resident and the tourist.
The simplest barometer is easy to make with your own hands from a lot of improvised means.

The weather is predicted homemade spruce-fir barometers

Siberian hunters have long noticed that the branches of coniferous trees fall before rain or snow and rise before clear weather. This ability is also preserved in dry spruce branches, which makes it possible to make simple, long-lasting ones out of them. barometers.

Barometer from a fir branch and a needle. Cut a branch off a young fir or pine tree. Separate from it a segment 10 cm long with a thin long needle growing on the side. Now take a flat plank or plywood 150x100 mm in size and nail the prepared piece of fir to it so that the needle can move freely.
The barometer is ready. It just needs to be graded. Bring the device to a hot stove or stove - the heat will straighten the needle and rise up.
Where she stops, take a risk. Then bring the appliance to a stream of steam escaping from the spout of the kettle. From exposure to moisture, the needle will drop down. Here mark the second risk. Connect the risks with an arc and divide into several equal parts. It remains to make the appropriate inscriptions, as in the figure.
Barometer install in a place protected from direct sunlight, and it will predict the weather for you.

Barometer from a spruce branch. To make a barometer from a spruce branch, you need to take a 25-30-cm piece of a dry tree trunk along with a 30-35 cm branch (the longer the knot, the more sensitive the barometer will be), peel it from the bark and attach the sawn part of the trunk to the plank. It can be hung on a wall or on a window frame.
The branch should be in such a state that when lowering its free end down (before bad weather) and raising it up (towards clear weather), it moves parallel to the screen wall without touching it.
For convenience, a plywood or metal scale with a division of 1 cm is attached to the plate near the branch ring - “arrows”. , just like a conventional barometer.

Such Homemade barometers can predict the weather up to 12 hours ahead.