River in the capital of Italy. Journey along the Italian river. Major rivers in Italy

Rivers are often located above the level of the plain; to prevent floods, they are protected by dams, the breakthrough of which leads to large floods (the latter happened in 2006). The rivers of northern Italy, in addition to rain feeding, are also fed by snow and glaciers, they are characterized by spring-summer and autumn floods, the rivers are used for irrigation. Alpine rivers are a source of hydropower. The rivers of the Apennine peninsula and islands are less abundant in water, they are fed mainly by rain, the flood is autumn or winter, and they often dry up in summer. The largest are the Arno and the Tiber.

List of the largest rivers by length

List of longest rivers in Italy.

Notes

130 (one hundred and thirty) is the natural number following 129 and 131.

Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) is a fish of the sturgeon family. Rare little-studied species.

Small sturgeon, as an exception, reaches a length of 2 m and a weight of 25 kg, usually much smaller. It is very close to the Russian sturgeon, possibly being its evaded intraspecific form. It differs from the latter in a large number of gill rakers: it has 30-35 of them, while the Russian sturgeon usually has less than 30 of them. There are 36-48 rays in the dorsal fin, 24-31 in the anal fin. The color of the body varies from grayish-brown to almost black, the belly is whitish.

Passage view. For breeding, it enters the rivers of northern Italy, Yugoslavia and Albania: Po, Adige, Brenta, Livenets, Cetina, etc.

In the sea, it keeps near the coast, at depths from 10 to 40 m, usually near the mouths of rivers. It enters the rivers of Italy during the first months of the year, and remains in fresh water until October. Spawning occurs in February-March. Growth, reproduction, fertility, caviar development, nutrition and other aspects of its biology have not been studied.

Due to its rarity, this sturgeon has no economic value. There are no data on its population. At present, attempts are being made to artificially breed.

Allia (Aliya, Aya; Italian Allia, lat. Allia) is a small river in the Italian region of Lazio, the left tributary of the Tiber. It originates in the mountains near the location of the ancient Roman city of Crustumerium, flows near the city of Monterotondo and flows into the Tiber about 10 km above Rome.

The Apennine Peninsula (Italian: Penisola appenninica; also Penisola italiana - “Italian Peninsula”) is one of the largest peninsulas in Europe, located in the south of the continent and washed by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The peninsula contains most of mainland Italy, as well as the Republic of San Marino, the theocratic state of the Vatican City, and sometimes considered a dwarf state by the Order of Malta. The peninsula got its name from the Apennine mountains, stretching along its most part.

The area of ​​the Apennine Peninsula is 149 thousand km². Length - about 1100 km, width - from 130 to 300 km. In the north, the peninsula is bounded by the Padana Lowland, in the west it is washed by the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the east by the Adriatic Sea, in the south by the Ionian Sea.

A feature of the Apennine Peninsula is high seismicity, modern mountain building, ancient and modern volcanic activity (Albanian mountains, Amiata, Vulsini, Vulture, Vesuvius, Phlegrean fields). Strong earthquakes are not uncommon for the Apennine Peninsula. These processes are due to the global tectonic process of the movement of lithospheric plates, when the African plate collides and moves under the Eurasian plate, on which Europe is located.

Vipava (Slovenian Vipava) is a river in Slovenia and Italy, a left tributary of the Sochi River.

The length of the river is 49 km, of which 44 km are in Slovenia, 5 km in Italy. The pool area is 598 km² (not including the underground pool).

It originates from a karst spring in the town of Vipava. It flows along the right edge of the Vipava valley near the Karst plateau. It flows into the Socha River in Italy.

During the Roman Empire, the river was called Frigid (Frigidus - cold). In 394, the Battle of the Frigid River took place near the river, which largely predetermined the fate of the Roman Empire.

Italy is a state in Southern Europe, in the center of the Mediterranean. The total area of ​​the country is 301,230 km², on its territory there are the southern slopes of the Alps, the Padan Plain, the Apennine Peninsula (famous for its boot-like shape), as well as the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and numerous small islands.

Monte Viso (or Monviso) (Italian Monte Viso, or Monviso; ox. Vísol; drink. Brich Monviso, or Viso) is the highest peak of the Kot Alps. The peak with a height of 3841 meters above sea level is located on the territory of Italy in the Piedmont region of the province of Cuneo, not far from the border with France.

Trigno (Italian: Trigno) is a river in southern Italy.

It originates from Mount Capraro (Apennines), near Vastogirardi in the region of Molise, province of Isernia, at an altitude of about 1290 m above sea level. Length 85 km. It flows 35 km through the Molise region and about 45 km through the Abruzzi region, forming a border between them for most of its length. Up to 30 rivers and streams flow into Trigno. In the initial section, the current is calm, smooth, and near Chiauchi it is swift, between Pescolanciano and Chiauchi there is a cascade 60 meters high, after which the current is calm again. The total area of ​​​​the basin is about 1200 km², of which 40% in the province of Isernia, 32% in the province of Chieti and 28% in the province of Campobasso. It flows into the Adriatic Sea, the mouth is located between the cities of Vasto and Termoli. In the upper reaches of the river, in the territory of Chiauchi dam was built. In 2011, the filling of the reservoir began.

Finta, or Mediterranean finta (lat. Alosa fallax) is a species of ray-finned fish of the herring family.

The Tiber (lat. Tiberis; Tevere) has been a hallmark of Rome since the time of the Great Empire.

The winding body of water circles the famous hills of the Italian capital, lovingly shaping the silhouette (Trastevere). The brilliant mirror of the river is everywhere surrounded by monuments of ancient and medieval architecture. Dozens of bridges connect the left and right banks of the Tiber, endowing Roman landscapes with unsurpassed romance.

The Tiber originates in the mountain slopes of the Apennines in the Emilia-Romagna region (Emilia-Romagna). A full-flowing mountain river on its way to Rome crosses Umbria (Umbria) and Lazio (Lazio). The Nera and Aniene rivers flow into the reservoir. On the eve of Rome, the river is framed by concrete fortifications, throughout the capital, the channel turns into the Fossa Traiani canal. The final point of the waters of the Tiber is the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno).

The total length of the Tiber is 406 km, which makes it the third longest in Italy. The river basin is 17 thousand 375 km 2. For Rome, the reservoir is the main source of water supply. The Italians often call the Tiber by the Latin name "flavus", which means "white". This nickname came from the yellowish-whitish color of the river waters.

Name

Dear reader, to find an answer to any question about holidays in Italy, use. I answer all questions in the comments under the relevant articles at least once a day. Your guide in Italy Artur Yakutsevich.

There are several assumptions about the origin of the name "Tiber". According to one of them, "Tiber" has pre-Latin roots, coming from the name of its own "Tibur" - the ancient name of the city of Tivoli (Tivoli), located 30 km from Rome. Also found are references to the name of the river in the writings of the Etruscans, in the original - "Tiferios", which, when switching to Italian, could be transformed into "Tiber".

Not without legends in the biography of the famous river. King Tiberinus (lat. Tiberinus), who lived in the 900s BC, was drowned in the river Albula (lat. Albula), which later became known as Tiberis (lat. Tiberis). The deceased king was turned by the god Jupiter into the guardian of turbulent waters, Volturnus (lat. Volturnus). It is believed that it was thanks to this ancient myth that rivers, seas and oceans began to be depicted in sculpture as powerful men.

Story

The Tiber was exactly the river in which, according to legend, they tried to drown the babies Romulus (lat. Romulus) and Rem (lat. Remus), the founders of Rome.

Historians believe that Rome was founded around 753 BC. on the banks of the Tiber, 25 km from the coast of Ostia (lat. Ostia Antica). In ancient times, the riverbed was the boundary between the Etruscans, located in the west, the Sabines in the east and the Latins in the south.

The river played an important role for the Romans, who built their economy through the movement of merchant ships. Traders delivered provisions, building materials and other goods to the capital. During the Punic Wars in the 3rd century BC. the port at Osti was of key importance for naval battles. Thus, Rome also acquired a strategic dominant in military operations.

Later, an extensive pier was built along the coast in the area (lat. Campus Martius). And during the arrangement of the central water supply system of the capital of the Great Cloaca (lat. Cloaca Maxima), the Tiber became its important component. Thanks to underground tunnels and pipes, clean water was delivered to the city center.

Over time, the river became shallow, the capital's port and maritime trade migrated to the neighboring Rome (Fiumicino). In the 17-18 centuries, the pontificate made a lot of efforts to clear the bed of the reservoir in the territory of Rome. The work done improved the ecology of the river, however, little has changed in terms of transport, since river transportation has lost its former significance.

• The Tiber originates from 2 mountain springs located at an altitude of 1268 m above sea level. In 1930, Benito Mussolini erected an ancient marble column at the source of the river. The obelisk was engraved with Latin words meaning: "Here is born a river / sacred to the fate of Rome."
• One of the distinguishing features of the river is regular floods. So, the field of Mars often went 2 meters under water. Since 1876, the Romans have been in relative safety, since the city authorities have rebuilt high stone fences on both banks of the Tiber.
• Another interesting fact is connected with the name of the river: the stable expression "to cross the Tiber" means to convert to the Catholic faith. By analogy, "to cross the Thames" means to immerse yourself in Anglicism. In times of conflict between religions, such idioms were of great importance.
• At the time, the public execution of criminals was carried out by drowning in the Tiber. Under the emperor Tiberius (lat. Tiberius), the convicts were taken to the Gemonian terrace (Scale Gemonie), and then pushed into deep waters. Such an unenviable fate was awarded not only to ordinary robbers, but also to the first Christian pontiffs.
• The Romans like to invigorate themselves with a dip in cold water. On January 1, brave, if not desperate, residents of the capital, under the roaring hooting of the crowd, jump from the Ponte Cavour bridge into the Tiber!
• The embankment is an ideal place for morning and evening jogging and cycling.

Bridges

On the territory of Rome, the left and right banks of the Tiber are connected by 26 bridges. Along with the new ones, several old buildings have successfully survived to this day.

• Milvian Bridge (Ponte Molle) was created in the 1st century BC to extend the Via Flaminia (Via Flaminia) and connect Rome with Ariminum (modern Rimini (Rimini)). In the 4th century AD, a grandiose battle took place at the Milvian Bridge between the emperors Maxentius (lat. Maxentius) and Constantine I the Great (lat. Constantinus). It was a battle not so much for power as for the dominant religion. The defeated Maxentius drowned in the Tiber, and Constantine became one step closer to the status of the sole emperor of Rome. Thus began the era of Christianity. Today, not far from the Milvian Bridge is the Olympic Stadium (Stadio Olimpico), which hosts home football matches of the clubs Roma (Roma) and Lazio (Lazio).
• Sixt Bridge (Ponte Sisto)- pedestrian crossing between the right bank of the Tiber and the Trastevere area. The medieval stone bridge dedicated to the name of Pope Sixtus IV looks very picturesque against the backdrop of the old embankment. On the left bank, just behind the bridge is Piazza Trulissa. - a popular meeting place for residents of the capital and guests of Trastevere. From July to August, the Tiber embankment at the Sixtus Bridge fills with tents with light snacks, cocktails and live music. Everyone is invited to ask the price of a stall trade and immerse yourself in a cozy evening atmosphere.
• To the south of (Vaticano) on the river is a small island - (Isola Tiberina). From a bird's eye view, it looks like a fishing boat. Around 1000, the Basilica of St. Bartholomew (Basilica di San Bartolomeo all'Isola) was founded on the island, in which the tomb of San Bartolomeo is located. If you cross the Tiber through the island, then on the right bank you can find one of the amazing Roman sights - (Bocca della Verita).
• Bridge of the Holy Angel (Ponte Sant'Angelo) dates back to the 2nd century AD. It is designed exclusively for walking. In ancient times, the bridge bore the name of Emperor Hadrian, as it was built at his command. The crossing leads to the mausoleum of Hadrian, which in the Middle Ages received a second name -. The remains of Christian pontiffs and many ancient artifacts are kept in the huge stone cylinder of the castle. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the bridge, lined with marble, was decorated with statues of Saints Peter and Paul. And in the 17th century (Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini) added 10 statues of angels to the decor.

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The territory of Italy is mostly covered with mountains. That is why the rivers of Italy cannot boast of long duration and full flow.

By

The longest river "boot" is Po, the length of which is 625 kilometers. The confluence of the Po is the waters of the Adriatic Sea. The largest tributaries of the Po: Dora-Riparia; Ticino; Dora Baltea; Adda. On the banks of the river there are many picturesque cities: Piacenza, Turin, Cremona, etc.

The Po River periodically overflows its banks, causing damage to the plains along the banks. That is why, for the most part of its course, the Po is surrounded by dams.

Traveling along the river could be quite exciting:

• Piacenza will be interesting for the Cathedral and numerous basilicas.
• Cremona boasts many buildings made in an unusual Lombard-Romanesque style, containing elements of the Gothic.
• Padua will delight art lovers with the preserved frescoes of Giotto.

Adige

In the north of Italy is the country's second largest waterway - the Adige River, which is only 410 kilometers long. It is on its banks that the magnificent Verona stands.

Other rivers of the country

The rivers of the Apennine Peninsula, as you have seen, are small. The largest can be called the following: Metauro; potency; Esino; Ofanto. The length of these rivers is not more than two hundred kilometers.

The rivers flowing into the waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea are larger. And the biggest one is the Tiber. This giant, by local standards, stretches across the country for 405 kilometers. Formerly the river was navigable from its source to its mouth. Today, in some places, the channel has become much shallower, and ships sail along the Tiber only in the interval from Rome to the mouth. The Tiber, through numerous lakes, tributaries and canals, has a connection with the Arno River.

The rivers of southern Italy often dry up during the summer. And in areas of the country where there are karst caves, there are no rivers on the surface at all.

In general, the rivers of Italy are not particularly popular with guests of the country. And there are several reasons for this: shallow water; bad ecological situation. But lovers of outdoor activities are extremely fond of small mountain streams.

The Ligurians, who inhabited in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. northwestern Italy, they called this river Bodincos, which means "bottomless". Bodingus, repeated after them those who displaced the Ligurians in the 5th century. BC e. Celts. The ancient Greeks gave her the name Eridanus, the ancient Romans - Padua, the linguistic trace remained in the names of Padania (the Po plain) and Padua (a city in the Veneto region). And the name "Po" is very similar to the abbreviation of the dialect variant Podus, as well as Pau and echoes the first syllable of the name Bodinkos. In the north-east of Italy, in the river delta, the Etruscans lived at the same time as the Ligurians. The Romans arrived there in the 3rd century. BC e., but the economic development of the territory began in the I century. BC e. Local clay soils are excellent raw materials for the production of bricks and terracotta tiles, and soon brick began to flow from here to Rome. The Romans also mined wood and salt here. In parallel, and there is also a lot of material evidence for this, the Romans drained the swamps by digging canals, and strengthened the banks, lining them with stone and planting pine trees on the sandbanks. And from the III century. created their fortresses, ports and cities.
The Po begins in the Kotsky Alps and rushes first to the northeast, and then to the east. Near the city of Po, it reaches a width of 200 m and an average water discharge of about 100 m 3 / s. Continuing to the east, it sometimes makes arcuate retreats to the north or south and receives full-flowing tributaries into its channel. After confluence with Tanaro, the flow of water becomes already more than 500 m 3 / s, merging with Ticino in the province of Pavia, the Po accelerates its flow to 900 m 3 / s and becomes navigable from Piacenza. Rivers from the spurs of the Apennines increase the water flow to 1540 m 3 / s. Until 1797, the Apennine Reno River was also a tributary of the Po, but due to severe floods at their confluence, the Reno channel was set aside. The Po flows into the Adriatic Sea, forming a small but branched delta, in which there are only six large groups of branches, and small ones, interspersed with islets and lagoons, cannot be counted. Traditionally, the Po basin is associated with the regions of Piedmont, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Balle d "Aosta, and partially with Veneto, the autonomous province of Trento and Liguria. Among the major cities of the Padana Plain, Turin, Venice, Bologna and Ferrara are noted first of all. To the Po basin they also include Piacenza, Cremona, Parma, Mantua and other, not so famous, but also historical cities, standing on its tributaries or connected with it through a complex network of man-made canals. where rice, wheat, oats, sugar beet are cultivated Numerous farms with more than 4 million head of cattle and more than 5 million pigs are surrounded by orchards and vineyards. in order to fill the markets of all cities in the north of the country with local products.
The Po Delta is a world with a unique landscape: mighty elms on the islands, thickets of reeds, and between them - swampy backwaters dotted with lilies and water lilies, and thickets of other "water roses". The National Natural Park of the Delta, belonging to the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto, occupies 58,000 hectares. This is a habitat for many species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, about 380 species of vertebrates, including more than 300 species of birds, for the sake of observing which thousands of tourists come here. Since ancient times, on the arms of the delta, people created dams on the way of schools of fish, in which fish were bred. Salt was mined from salt marshes. The so-called salt towers and tabarras have been preserved - sheds made of stone for storing boats, nets and other fishing equipment. Some of them are now turned into small ethnographic museums. And today almost all the islands of the delta are inhabited by fishermen. Delta has seven beaches, the total length of which is 23 km.
As for the architecture of cities, almost every sight of them is a work of high art. As in many other regions of Italy. But here it should be noted that the Padan Plain in this sense is far from the end of the list. Turin, the fourth largest city in Italy after Rome, Milan (which is also located on the Padana Plain) and Naples, has been the industrial and financial center of the country since the 6th century. was the center of the Lombard kingdom (Lombardy), in the XIII century. went to the Dukes of Savoy, who left the largest number of architectural monuments in the city and its environs. In 1720-1860 (with interruptions) Turin was the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1861-1870 - of the Kingdom of Italy. One of the most famous sights of the city is the Shroud of Turin, the debate about the authenticity of which does not subside. Piacenza, founded by the Romans in 218, who called it in Latin Placentia (“pleasing to everyone”), tries to live up to this, one might say, programmatic name, and it succeeds quite well - both due to the sights and thanks to the refined atmosphere, as noted many travelers. For the church of San Sisto of this city, Raphael painted the “Sistine Madonna” (her copy is now hanging there). Cremona is the same age as Piacenza. This small town has a huge world fame in music, thanks to the unsurpassed violin makers Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri. In Cremona, its medieval part has been perfectly preserved. Ferrara arose as a refuge for refugees from Aquileia during the invasion of the Huns (452). Art historians speak of the "Ferrara civilization", referring to the number of architectural masterpieces left by the d'Este house that ruled this duchy city. In addition to the world famous Po Delta Park, which is divided into two regional parks of the Emilia-Romagna and Veneto regions In the Po basin, there are about 60 small but well-groomed regional natural parks and reserves, where the flora and fauna of the valley are represented, and each of the cities of the plain has its own unique individual features and historical monuments.
The relationship between man and the valley, in addition to economic and cultural, has another important aspect - natural and environmental. Here in the foreground is the problem of floods, especially in autumn, during the period of intense long rains (in autumn 2011, one of the bridges in Turin collapsed). On the one hand, much is being done to protect cities and agricultural land from them. On the other hand, the pumping of groundwater during reclamation leads to a decrease in the level of the drained territory, which expands the area of ​​floods: it is known that soils in the Po Valley sink by an average of 2-3 cm per year. Therefore, motorways near large cities often stand on monumental concrete supports . Equally important is the problem of water pollution. Surprisingly, but true: in 2002, Milan did not yet have a reliable urban wastewater treatment plant; the situation has now been corrected. In the same year, the Interregional Agency for the River Po was created, in which the regions of Piedmont, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna and Veneto are represented. The Agency controls the construction and operation of hydraulic structures, port infrastructure, monitors the state of the river in order to predict floods. Since 1990, the inter-regional Council of the Po River Basin has been operating, in 2009 it adopted a plan for the period up to 2015 of 60 points, including measures such as raising and strengthening dams, expanding natural protected areas, especially wetlands, preserving and restoring hydromorphological characteristics rivers, forest plantations.

general information

The largest river in Italy. Navigable for small coasters from Piacenza to the mouth.
Source: Kotsky Alps, at an altitude of 2022 m.
Left tributaries: Pellice, Dora Riparia, Dora Baltea, Agony, Ticino, Lambro, Adda, Olho, Mincio, Olona.
Right tributaries: Varanta, Maira, Tanaro, Scrivia, Nure, Curone, Trebbia, Taro, Parma, Enza, Secchia, Panaro. In the delta, it breaks up into five large groups of branches (Po di Maestra, Po della Pila, Po delle Tolle, Po di Gnocca and Po di Goro). Po di Maestra through the Bianco (Tartaro) channel forms the sixth arm - Po di Levante.
Population of the Po Plain: about 16 million people
Population density: maximum - on the banks of the Lambro tributary (Lombardy), 1478 people / km 2, minimum - south of the Trebbia river basin, 25 people / km 2.
Mouth: Adriatic Sea.
The largest cities on the banks of the Po: Turin, Piacenza, Cremona.
Major airport: international airport in Turin.

Numbers

Length: 652 km.
Pool area in Italy: 71,057 km2.
Average water consumption: 1540 m 3 /s: at the mouth: up to 13,000 m 3 /s.
Maximum width to mouth: 400 m (after the confluence of the Olho).
Total water intake: 20.5 billion m 3 /year.
Water intake from underground sources: 6 billion m 3 / year.
Water abstraction from surface waters: 14.5 billion m 3 /year.
Delta area: 380 km 2 (the territory of the National Park in the delta is 58,000 ha, or 580 km 2). In a broader sense, the Po Delta also includes swampy and connected by small channels lands in the province of Ferrara in the area between the city of Ferrara and the Valli di Comacchio lagoon, taking into account this area of ​​​​the delta is about 1500 km 2 and tends to increase.
Salinity level of water in the delta: 3% o.

Economy

The Po basin area is home to approximately 46% of the economically active population of Italy, which creates about 40% of the country's GDP. Electricity consumption in the region accounts for 48% of domestic consumption. Cascades of hydroelectric power stations operate on several left tributaries of the Po.
The largest industrial center of the Po basin is Turin: heavy metallurgy, automotive industry (80% of all cars produced in the country), mechanical engineering (wagons, tractors), production of ship engines and ball bearings, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, clothing, food industries; River navigation. Almost all cities below Piacenza have ports or marinas. There are 14 ports for fishing and pleasure boats in the delta region. In the delta - fishing and shellfish farming.
Service sector: tourism (including river cruises and ecological tourism in the delta).

Climate and weather

In general - continental, soft, humid, close to the Mediterranean (in different regions of the valley it fluctuates in one direction or another).
Winters are short, short-term frosts occur (in Turin and its environs), but the most frequent winter phenomenon is heavy fogs.
January average temperature:+3°С.
July average temperature:+26°С.
Average annual rainfall: 900 mm.

Attractions

■ UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Po Delta, the palaces of the House of Savoy in Turin and its environs, early Christian monuments in the city of Ravenna, the Renaissance part of the city of Ferrara;
■ city ​​of Turin: Cathedral, Duomo (Renaissance, XV century), Sulerga Basilica (Baroque, XVIII century). Royal Palace (Renaissance, 17th century), Palazzo Cavour (Baroque, 18th century). Palazzo Madama (Museum of Antiquities and Fine Arts - a 13th-century castle built on the ruins of a Roman gate, decorated in the 18th century with elements in the Lemont Baroque style), palaces of the Savoy House, in the city and its environs, Renaissance and Baroque, XVII in Real (Royal Palace), Valentno. Racconigi, Stupinigi, Carignano; Mole Antonelliana Tower (Cinema Museum, Neo-Gothic, 19th century). Museum of Egypt;
■ city ​​of Pavia: Church of San Michele Maggiore (XI-XII centuries) - an example of the Lombard Romanesque style, Certosa Monastery (XIV-XV centuries): paintings, frescoes, sculptures by Borgognone, Perugino, Luini, Guercino. Cathedral. Duomo (founded in the 15th century);
■ city ​​of Mantua: the historical center of the city - the Rotonda di San Lorenzo (XI century), the churches of San Francesco (XIV century), San Andrea (XV century), San Sebastiano (XV century). Mantua Cathedral (XIV-XVIII centuries), Reggia - the palace of the Dukes of Gonzaga (XIII-XIV centuries). Virgil Academy and its Science Museum.
■ city ​​of Alessandria: Museum of the Battle of Marengo;
■ Piacenza city: places of worship in the Lombard-Romanesque style with Gothic elements - the Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady (1122-1235), the Basilica of San Antonio (1122-1253), San Savino (consecrated in 1107, rare floor mosaics of the 12th century .); San Francesco (laid down in 1278); Romanesque and Renaissance: Churches of Santa Maria di Campagna (1522-1528, Pordenone frescoes): San Giovanni on the Canal (XIII century), San Sisto (1499-1511), Palazzo Comunale ( XIII-XIV centuries), Palazzo Landi (XIV-XV centuries), Palazzo Farnese (XVI century), Piazza Cavalli (XVI century), Palazzo dei Mercanti (XVII century);
■ city ​​of Cremona: Lombard-Romanesque style with Gothic elements - Cremona Cathedral, Duomo (XII century), Torrazzo tower 112.1 m high (XII century), Church of San Michele (XIII century). Loggia dei Militi ("Society of Warriors"), buildings of the public meeting, XIII e .; the archaeological museum, the Ala Ponzone Museum (founded in the 16th century, a collection of two thousand paintings and sculptures), the Stradivarius Museum;
■ city ​​of Ferrara: early Christian basilicas of San Michele (V-VI centuries) and San Giorgio (VII century, ХІV-ХVI centuries); Cathedral, Duomo (Romanesque-Gothic style, XII-XV centuries) c.); renaissance - Skifanoia Palace (XIV-XV centuries), D "Este Castle (XV century), Romen House (XV century), Lodovico Moro Palace (XV century), Diamond Palace (XVI century);
■ Pamposa Abbey (Kodigoro commune) - one of the main cultural centers of medieval Italy and an architectural masterpiece of the Romanesque and Byzantine style. Known since the 9th century;
■ Castle D "Este in the commune of Meeola (Renaissance, 1604).

Curious facts

■ Hydraulic sluices in the Po delta appeared in the 4th century BC. e. They were built by the Etruscans to deepen the channel and extract the salt brought by the sea tides.
■ The Porto Vinciane irrigation canal system in the province of Ferrara is named after Leonardo da Vinci, who designed it. The main technical idea of ​​this system is the use of a network of hydraulic pumps: with their help, excess water flows into the sea, and special locks do not allow it to move back to the plain.
■ The town of Comacchio (about 10,000 people), occupying 13 small islands connected by bridges in the Po delta, is called little Venice. It was founded under the emperor Octavian Augustus in the 1st century BC. on the site of the Etruscan city of Spina, known from the 3rd century BC. BC h. Comacchio hosts the International Ecotourism Fair every year.
■ Antonio Stradivari never left Cremona in his life and created about 2,500 instruments, of which 732 are indisputably authentic, including 632 violins.