Children's project "air-water rocket". Big Water Rocket with Parachute Flying Bottle Rocket

Summer is in full swing! For those who have had their fill of barbecues and sunbeds on the beach, here's a cool idea for outdoor fun: the water rocket. The children will squeal with delight, the girls will be smitten on the spot, the neighbors in the dacha will be extremely surprised in a rage. The idea is not new, water rockets are very popular in foreign countries, there are even special championships for launching these things. You can buy them in the store, or you can make your own. We'll talk about this.

The principle of operation of a water rocket is extremely simple. You need a plastic bottle, one-third filled with water, a bicycle or car pump, a nipple and a launch pad (launcher) on which the rocket is fixed. The pump pumps air - the bottle flies high and far, splashing water around. All the “fuel” is squeezed out in the first moments after launch, and then the rocket flies along a ballistic trajectory (therefore, the center of gravity is moved as far forward as possible).
But technical variations in the manufacture of this design can be very different. Some amateurs create real masterpieces:

Consider one of the simplest options.

1. Choose a bottle

The rocket should not be too long or too short, otherwise the flight will be crooked or not take place at all. The optimal diameter / length ratio is 1 to 7. A volume of 1.5 liters is quite suitable for the first experiments.

2. We select a cork

You will need a cork-valve from lemonade or any other drink. This will be the rocket nozzle.

It is important that the valve is new, not worn out, does not let air through. It is best to check it in advance: close the empty bottle with a cap and squeeze tightly.

3. Attach the nipple

In the bottom of the bottle, you need to make a hole and fix the nipple in it, with the “nose” out. The main thing here is to achieve the highest possible tightness: tighten the clamping screw to the maximum, you can experiment with glue or plasticine. The bottle must be airtight.

4. Cut out the stabilizers

In order for the rocket to fly smoothly, it must be installed correctly. The easiest way is to make a stabilizer (legs) from another plastic bottle. To do this, the bottle is cut in half, straightened. Then, on this flat surface, draw the contour of the stabilizer, provide a backlog for attaching to the body of the rocket.

Now cut out the stabilizer along the contour and glue it to the rocket with tape.

The figure also shows the weighted body of the rocket, this author used the cut off part of another bottle with a bolt-weight in the cap. In fact, there is full scope for imagination and experimentation; it is possible to accurately determine the optimal load in the head of your rocket only after several launches. The shape of the legs can also be different, for example, you can use the top of a plastic bottle, attach plastic legs to it, and place the rocket itself inside:

As for the launch pad, here, too, you can be creative enough. Someone is preparing complex structures with a guide axis, someone is carving special devices out of wood, and someone is simply fixing the rocket on a flat surface with improvised means.
In principle, the simplest water rocket after the described actions is already ready for you. All you have to do is take plenty of water, a pump and an assistant with you: he will hold the rocket with the stopper down and press the valve with his hands while you pump air. It is recommended to pump 3-6 atmospheres onto a 1.5 liter bottle (in this sense, a car pump is more convenient), then disconnect the hose and release the cork at the expense of “three or four”. Rocket launched! It flies high enough and spectacularly, and most importantly, the whole process is not life-threatening. True, the assistant usually has to take a forced shower from the "fuel" :)

If you like this idea and want to experiment further, we recommend reading, for example, there are more complicated rockets here, with real launchers. a picture with step-by-step instructions, though in English, but everything is drawn quite easily. Well, if you liked the video and wanted to repeat something like that, welcome to the rocket modeling club: serious uncles use several bottles of compressed air at launch, and only one contains water.

1) First you need to choose a suitable cylinder. For example: take a 1.5 liter bottle. To achieve the highest flight altitude, the ratio of the diameter of the rocket and the length of the rocket should be 1:7. If the rocket is too short, then it will not fly smoothly, and if the rocket is too long, it will break into two parts.

2) Secondly, we need a bicycle nipple. On old domestic cameras, most likely, there will be a spool, like on cars. Although this one can be used.

3) Cork from some shampoo or lemonade, which is made in the form of a valve. The cork must be strong and not loose. Then she won't let the air through. It is better to check it right away - screw it onto the bottle, close and squeeze the bottle tightly. For the best flight of your rocket, the nozzle diameter should be 4-5 mm.

4) Now you need to drill another hole in the center of the bottom of the bottle so that the nipple can fit into it. Insert it from the inside with your nose out. It's not easy, but doable. Screw the clamping screw on the nipple so that it fits very tightly and tightly against the hole. In other words, it is necessary to achieve the tightness of a perforated bottle. When closed, the bottle must not let air through!

5) And finally, we attach stabilizers to the bottle. They help the bottle to fly smoothly.

That's it, the rocket is ready.

Now, let's make a "launch pad" for our rocket. This is easy to do: you need a piece of board, and an iron rod (it will serve as a guide). As a result, you should get a design, as in my picture.

How it works:

Everything is ready! Take a rocket, a pump, a supply of water and go outside. It is advisable to take a friend with you, as you will need his help.

In order for the rocket to rise into the air, it is necessary to pour water into it, about a third. To obtain the greatest thrust impulse, the table shows the proportions of the weight of water and the volume of the cylinder.

The rocket is loaded. Now let's get started.

One person holds the bottle with the cork down and at the same time firmly presses the cork with his hands so that it does not open from pressure, and the second at this time takes the pump and pumps the bottle with all his might. We pump about 3-6 atmospheres into the bottle, disconnect the pump. One of the participants in the launch continues to hold the rocket, while the second moves away a short distance. When everyone is ready, you can let go. After launch, pressurized water flows out of the cylinder and thus creates a thrust impulse. As for the explanation that the rocket flew, then everything is simple. A complete analogy with real rockets with combustible fuel. Only they emit light products of combustion at a tremendous speed, and in a water rocket they release quite heavy water, albeit at a lower speed. The mass of water compensates for its low speed. Hurray your rocket flew. The only negative is that the launcher finds himself under the rain of "fuel", and therefore it is better to launch launches in the warm season. Another option is also possible. The rocket can only bounce slightly and fall, spraying everyone with a jet of water. This most likely means that the hole in the cork is too small. Look for another.

The water rocket is a great craft for a fun pastime. The advantage of its creation is the absence of the need for the use of fuel. The main energy source here is compressed air, which is pumped into a plastic bottle using a conventional pump, as well as a liquid that is released from a pressurized container. Let's find out how a water rocket can be constructed from a plastic bottle with a parachute.

Operating principle

A do-it-yourself water rocket from a plastic bottle for children is quite easy to assemble. All that is required is a suitable container filled with liquid, an automobile or a stable launch pad where the craft will be fixed. After installing the rocket, the pump pressurizes the bottle. The latter soars into the air, spraying water. The entire "charge" is consumed in the first seconds after takeoff. Further, the water rocket continues to move along

Tools and materials

A water rocket from a plastic bottle requires the following materials:

• actually the container itself is made of plastic;
• plug-valve;
• stabilizers;
• parachute;
• launch pad.

In the course of work on the design of a water rocket, scissors, glue or tape, a hacksaw, a screwdriver, and all kinds of fasteners may be required.

Bottle

A plastic container for creating a rocket should not be too short or long. Otherwise, the finished product may be unbalanced. As a result, a water rocket will fly unevenly, fall on its side, or not be able to take off at all. As practice shows, the ratio of diameter and length of 1 to 7 is optimal here. For initial experiments, a 1.5-liter bottle is quite suitable.

Cork

To create a water rocket nozzle, it is enough to use a plug-valve. You can cut it off from a bottle of any drink. It is extremely important that the valve does not let air through. Therefore, it is better to extract it from a new bottle. It is recommended to check its tightness in advance by closing the container and squeezing it tightly with your hands. The cork-valve can be attached to the neck of a plastic bottle with glue, sealing the joints with tape.

launch pad

What does it take to take off a water rocket from a plastic bottle? The launch pad plays a decisive role here. For its manufacture, it is enough to use a chipboard sheet. You can fix the neck of the bottle with metal brackets mounted on a wooden plane.

Parachute

In order for a water rocket to be used several times, in order to successfully land it, it is worthwhile to provide a self-expanding parachute in the design. You can sew its dome from a small piece of dense fabric. Slings will serve as a strong thread.

The folded parachute is neatly folded and placed in a tin can. When the rocket takes off into the air, the lid of the container remains closed. After launching a homemade rocket, a mechanical device is triggered, which opens the can door, and the parachute opens under the influence of the air flow.

To implement the above plan, it is enough to use a small gearbox that can be removed from an old or wall clock. In fact, any battery-powered electric motor will fit here. After the rocket takes off, the shafts of the mechanism begin to rotate, winding the thread connected to the lid of the parachute container. As soon as the latter is released, the dome will fly out, open and the rocket will smoothly go down.

Stabilizers

In order for a water rocket to soar smoothly into the air, it is necessary to fix it on the launch pad. The easiest solution is to make stabilizers from another plastic bottle. The work is performed in the following sequence:

1. To begin with, a plastic bottle with a volume of at least 2 liters is taken. The cylindrical part of the container must be flat, free of corrugations and textured inscriptions, since their presence may adversely affect the aerodynamics of the product during launch.
2. The bottom and neck of the bottle is cut off. The resulting cylinder is divided into three strips of identical size. Each of them folds in half in the shape of a triangle. Actually, folded strips cut from the cylindrical part of the bottle will play the role of stabilizers.
3. At the final stage, strips are cut off from the folded edges of the stabilizers at a distance of about 1-2 cm. The formed protruding petals in the central part of the stabilizer turn away in opposite directions.
4. Appropriate slots are made at the base of the future rocket, where the stabilizer petals will be inserted.

An alternative to plastic stabilizers can serve as pieces of plywood in the shape of a triangle. In addition, the rocket can do without them. However, in this case, it will be necessary to provide solutions that will allow fixing the product on the launch pad in a vertical position.

bow

Since the rocket will be installed with the stopper down, it is necessary to put a streamlined nose on the bottom of the inverted bottle. For this purpose, you can cut off the top from another similar bottle. The latter must be put on the bottom of the inverted product. You can fix such a bow with tape.

launch

After the above actions, the water rocket is, in fact, ready. It is only necessary to fill the container with water by about a third. Next, you should install the rocket on the launch pad and pump air into it using a pump, pressing the nozzle against the cork with your hands.

In a bottle with a capacity of 1.5 liters, a pressure of about 3-6 atmospheres should be injected. It is more convenient to achieve the indicator using a car pump with a compressor. In conclusion, it is enough to release the plug-valve, and the rocket will take off into the air under the action of a stream of water beating from it.

Finally

As you can see, making a water rocket out of a plastic bottle is not so difficult. Everything that is required for its manufacture can be found in the house. The only thing that can cause difficulties is the manufacture of a mechanical parachute opening system. Therefore, to facilitate the task, its dome can simply be put on the nose of the rocket.

Anyone can launch a rocket. For this, there is no need to rent a spaceport, spend a multi-million dollar fortune, because you can build a real water rocket from an ordinary plastic bottle.

First, let's deal with the necessary materials for a water rocket.
We will need an ordinary plastic bottle, one fitting (you can use a fitting from an old tire tube or buy it on the market for about a dollar), a glue gun, a piece of thread (preferably nylon, because it is stronger), a regular pump and tap water.

At the beginning, it is necessary to make a small hole on the cork of the bottle, screw a fitting into this hole and seal everything with hot glue for greater fixation and insulation and tightness.

Next, you need to build up one ring on both sides of the lid. This must be done so that when winding on the lid, the thread does not slip off. You also need to remember to fix one end of the thread when building up the rings.

The rocket is ready. The question remains, how exactly does this design work?

You need to fill the bottle with water a little more than half, and then tighten the cork. You don't need to screw the lid on too tightly, as its main role is to keep air out. The next step is to take the pump and pump air into the bottle. Then it remains to take the thread and wind it on the lid. To launch the rocket, all you need to do is just hold the bottle lightly with your left hand, and quickly pull the thread with your right hand so that the cap quickly unscrews.

Air and water pressure lifts the rocket into the air.

ATTENTION!!! Keep the safety precautions. Never launch a rocket in the closed position.

AIR-WATER ROCKET

2nd grade student

municipal budgetary educational institution "Lyceum"

Shevchukov Lev Romanovich

Work manager

Gubina Marina Nikolaevna,

primary school teacher MBOU "Lyceum"

2016

Content

3

1.

Man's old dream

3-5

2.

Who Invented the Rocket?

5-6

3.

Rocket structure

6-7

4.

Why does the rocket take off?

7-9

5.

Making an air-to-water rocket

9-15

6.

findings

15

7.

Information sources

15

Introduction

As a child, many dreamed

Fly into starry space.

So that from this starry distance

Check out our land!

From time immemorial, man has been excited and attracted by the heights of the sky, strewn with stars. Yuri Gagarin was the first earthling to fulfill the dream of mankind - he saw our Earth from space.

I am also interested in the question - why do rockets take off? Why are rockets used to fly into space?

Objective of the project: creating a model of an air-water rocket with your own hands

Tasks:

1. expand your ideas about space;

2. find out what laws of physics apply when a rocket takes off;

3. get acquainted with the structure of the rocket;

4. create an air-water rocket with your own hands.

5.create a video of the flight of an air-to-water rocket.

Project object: air-to-water rocket

Project subject: processcreating a model of an air-water rocket with your own hands.

1. Man's old dream

Since ancient times, people have dreamed of flying like birds. Our ancestors told about their fantasies in fairy tales. Fairy-tale heroes went flying on a magic carpet, in a mortar and on a broomstick. Many heroes moved through the air in their own way. Baba Yaga in a mortar, Little Muk in magical slippers, Carlson on his little motor.

But most of all people wanted to flap their arms like wings and fly over the earth like birds. More than three thousand years ago, the Greeks created the myth of Daedalus and his son Icarus. The great artist, inventor and architect Daedalus made two pairs of wings from bird feathers held together with thread and wax. Daedalus and Icarus took to the air to fly home to Athens from the island of Crete, where they were held captive by King Minos. Daedalus punished his son - do not approach the sun, its rays will melt the wax. But intoxicated with the happiness of flight, Icarus rose higher and higher ... The sun melted the wax, Icarus collapsed from a height and died in the sea waves. And Daedalus flew to the ground and descended safely. Since then, the poetic image of Icarus has become the embodiment of a person's dream of flight.

But humanity did not leave its dream of flight. Already many centuries ago, people tried to create wings on which one could rise up. All attempts to imitate birds were unsuccessful. It was not possible to fly on flapping wings. Yes, inXVIIIcentury, balloons appeared. The disadvantage of hot air balloons was that they only moved in the direction the wind was blowing.

People thought about the question: how to make a balloon controllable? There were attempts to use the steering wheel and oars, but all to no avail. Until, finally, they came up with an engine. Airships appeared.

But even further people did not leave the thought of wings. However, balloons lifted a person into the air for a century and a half before it was possible to carry out flight on wings. Aeronautics is being replaced by aviation, an airplane. Over time, airplanes have improved.

The first experimental aircraft with a turbojet engine were built during the Great Patriotic War. The propeller for the aircraft became unnecessary. The wings have become smaller and narrower. A modern jet aircraft is capable of carrying hundreds of passengers at a speed of 969 km/h. Flying has become so commonplace that today every minute a plane comes in to land somewhere in the world. Now there are planes that fly faster than the speed of sound.

Years passed, and people managed to conquer the airspace of the Earth. But they still dreamed about outer space.

Scientists have come up with a spacecraft to fly into space. First, they decided to test the safety of flights on four-legged helpers - dogs. They chose not purebred dogs, but mongrels - after all, they are both hardy and unpretentious. The spacecraft with four-legged cosmonauts Belka and Strelka circled the Earth 18 times.

A little later, the very first cosmonaut of the Earth, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, flew into space. His first flight into space was the most difficult and dangerous.

Currently, astronauts fly on modern high-speed vehicles.

2. Who Invented the Rocket?

It turns out that man invented rockets a long time ago. They were invented in China many hundreds of years ago. The Chinese used them to make fireworks. They kept the structure of the rockets a secret for a long time, they liked to surprise strangers. But some of these surprised strangers turned out to be very inquisitive people. Soon, many countries learned how to make fireworks and celebrate solemn days with festive fireworks.

Even under Peter I, a one-pound signal rocket "model of 1717" was created and used, which remained in service until the end of the 19th century. She rose to a height of one kilometer. Some inventors have proposed using the rocket for aeronautics. Having learned to rise in balloons, people were helpless in the air.

A controlled apparatus is heavier than air - this is what the revolutionary N. Kibalchich dreamed of in the casemate of the Peter and Paul Fortress, sentenced to death for attempting to assassinate the tsar. Ten days before his death, he completed work on his invention and handed over to the lawyer not a request for clemency or a complaint, but the "Project of an aeronautical instrument" (drawings and mathematical calculations of a rocket.) It was the rocket, he believed, that would open the way for a person to heaven.Kibalchich thought about how to use the energy of gases generated during the ignition of explosives for flight. In his reasoning, he came to the idea not of an airplane, but of a starship, since his apparatus could move both in air and in airless space. In his "Project ..." he wrote: "I believe in the feasibility of my idea. If my ideas, after careful discussion by scientific specialists, are found to be feasible, then I will be happy ... "

3. Rocket structure

The rocket consists of 3 identical stages located one on top of the other. Each rocket stage consists of an engine and fuel tanks. The lowest stage turns on and works first. This rocket is the most powerful, since its task is to lift the entire structure into the air. When the fuel burns out and the tanks are empty, the lower stage breaks off, and then the second stage engines begin to work. At this time, the rocket picks up speed and flies faster and faster. When the fuel runs out, the second stage breaks off and the third, the last stage, which accelerates the ship even more, is put into operation. This is where the first space velocity turns on and the ship enters orbit, and then it flies alone, since the last stage of the rocket almost completely burns out when disconnected.

The rocket also has stabilizers - small wings at the bottom. They are needed in order for the rocket to fly smoothly and straight. If the rocket does not have these stabilizers, then it will dangle from side to side in flight.

Stabilizers change the whole picture. When the rocket begins to deviate to the side, or skid to the side, as it skids a car on a slippery road, the stabilizers are substituted for the air flow with their wide part and this flow blows them back. And large space rockets either have no stabilizers at all, or they are very small, because such rockets have not one, but many jet engines at once. Of these, there are several large ones that push the rocket up, and there are still small ones that are needed only to correct the flight of the rocket.

The shape of the rocket (like a spindle) is connected only with the fact that it has to fly through the air on its way to space. The air makes it difficult to fly fast. Its molecules hit the body and slow down the flight. In order to reduce air resistance, the shape of the rocket is made smooth and streamlined.

4. Why does the rocket take off?

The takeoff of a space rocket can now be admired both on TV and in the movies. The rocket stands vertically on a concrete launch pad. On command from the control room, the engines turn on, we see the flames ignite below, we hear a growing roar. And now the rocket in clouds of smoke breaks away from the Earth and at first slowly, and then faster and faster rushes up. In a minute it is already at such a height where planes cannot rise, and in another minute it is in Space, in the circumterrestrial airless space.

Rocket engines are called jet engines. Why? Because in such engines the traction force is the force of reaction (opposition) to the force, which throws in the opposite direction a jet of hot gases obtained from the combustion of fuel in a special chamber. As you know, according to Newton's third law, the force of this reaction is equal to the force of the action. That is, the force that lifts a rocket into outer space is equal to the force developed by hot gases escaping from the nozzle of the rocket. If it seems unbelievable to you that gas, which is supposed to be incorporeal, throws a heavy rocket into space orbit, remember that air compressed in rubber cylinders successfully supports not only a cyclist, but also heavy dump trucks. The white-hot gas escaping from the rocket nozzle is also full of strength and energy. So much so that after each rocket launch, the launch pad is repaired by adding concrete knocked out by a fiery whirlwind.

Newton's third law can be formulated differently as the law of conservation of momentum. Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.

If the rocket engines are powerful, the rocket picks up speed very quickly, enough to put the spacecraft into Earth orbit. This speed is called the first escape velocity and is approximately 8 kilometers per second. The power of a rocket engine is determined primarily by what kind of fuel burns in the rocket engines. The higher the combustion temperature of the fuel, the more powerful the engine. In the earliest Soviet rocket engines, kerosene was the fuel and nitric acid was the oxidizer. More active (and more toxic) mixtures are now used in rockets. The fuel in modern American rocket engines is a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen-hydrogen mixture is very explosive, but when burned, it releases a huge amount of energy.

In order to understand the operation of a jet engine, we will conduct an experiment with a balloon. Inflate a balloon and release it without tying. It will quickly begin to rush from side to side with a funny sound until it deflates. The balloon flew because air came out of it. And this is the reactive movement. There is such a law of nature: if a part of it is separated from an object, then this object begins to move in the opposite direction.

3. Zhuravleva A.P. Initial technical modeling. M.: Education, 1999.

4 Svirin A.D. The Earth is still far away. Knowledge book. M.: Det. peace, 1992.

5. Sinyutkin A.A. Space is a meter from the Earth. Izhevsk, Udmurtia, 1992.