Military units of Tambov. Interspecific center for training and combat use of electronic warfare troops. Electronic warfare troops: how it works EW aviation systems

27.10.2019

With a population of about 300 thousand people. Several units of the military space troops, ground forces, regional and district military commissariats are located here.

Military units of Tambov and the Tambov region

There are 6 military units located in the Tambov region:

№ 14272;
№ 6891;
№ 32217;
№ 10856;
№ 6797;
№ 2153.

There are 7 military units deployed in the city:

one Interspecific center for the training and combat use of EW troops - military unit No. 61460;
one repair and restoration battalion (complex repair) - military unit No. 11385-8;
one separate electronic warfare brigade - military unit No. 71615;
one separate self-propelled mortar division - military unit No. 64493;
one separate self-propelled artillery battalion - military unit No. 52192;
two bases: one for the storage and repair of equipment and weapons, the second for engineering.

Interspecific Center for Training and Combat Use of EW Troops

This military unit of Tambov is a center for training military specialists in the field of electronic warfare and radio intelligence. The center is interspecies. This is the only specialized educational institution in the modern Russian army.

Those who wish to perform military service in the training center under a contract should contact the personnel department, where specialists, if there are vacancies, will be sent for an interview to the head of the training center.

Address of the educational military unit

Address: Komissara Moskovsky street, 1, Tambov, military training unit 61460. Index - 392006.

The history of the center for the training and combat use of electronic warfare troops

The Training Center was formed in 1962. In the Voronezh region, in the city of Borisoglebsk, the 27th specialized school was established to train specialists in radio intelligence and radio interference. In 1975, the institution was transferred to the village of Pekhotka (Tambov). In 2009, the school received the name of the 1084th Interspecific Training Center for EW Troops.

The device and life of the educational center Tambov

The training of specialists lasts 5 months and they are distributed among military units for further service. Only 5% of all cadets remain in the training center, they are awarded the rank of sergeant. Cadets are trained in methods of combating the enemy in the electronic field, methods to reduce the quality of communications in enemy troops, and methods of using their own means of destruction.

Cadets are engaged in physical and combat training 4 hours a day, the rest of the time is devoted to exercises on virtual training simulators.

Cadets are also conducting field exercises at a training ground near Tambov.

On Saturday in training, according to tradition, there is a household and bath day.

The soldiers live in the barracks, the rooms are designed for 5-6 people, the block has a washing machine and a machine for drying clothes. Also in the buildings there is a lounge, gyms, a library. Classes for classes with the latest equipment and interactive visual aids are located on the territory of the unit.

The dining room, the medical unit, the infirmary are located in separate buildings, but on the territory of the unit.

There is an ATM of VTB Bank at the checkpoint.

Hazing in a military unit

In the military unit number 61460 are not observed. Firstly, soldiers are examined every day for diseases or injuries, and secondly, all military personnel are of the same age and conscription.

Event in honor of taking the oath by cadets

Until the oath, soldiers are not allowed to make cell phone calls, and only a week before the solemn event they are allowed to call to inform relatives of the time and date of the oath. The ceremony usually takes place on a Saturday morning.

At the end of the official part of the event, a conversation is held with the parents of the conscripts, after which the soldiers receive a leave of absence (for several hours), which they spend with relatives and friends.

Communication with the conscript

Visits by military personnel are allowed on Saturday and Sunday, and on other days of the week, meetings are possible only at the checkpoint.

Conversations with cadets on a mobile phone are allowed on Sunday from morning until lights out. During training time, they are all withdrawn and kept by the company commander.

If a soldier is placed in a military hospital or infirmary, you can visit him at any time with a pass.

How to get to the military unit of Tambov - training center

Direct buses and trains to Tambov depart from Moscow from Paveletsky and Kazansky railway stations. The schedule can be found on the spot.

The military unit is located near the railway station, about 10 minutes walk under the bridge. The checkpoint of the part is located to the right of the bridge.

You can get there by minibus No. 45, get off at the railway technical school or Yeletsskaya stop and walk several blocks.

By car, you need to enter the city from the Michurinsky Highway, continue all the way straight to the bus station, go through the regulated intersection and move straight for another 500 meters to the monument to the plane (the necessary checkpoint is located next to it).

In the article above, we examined the military units of Tambov.

The emblem of the electronic warfare troops shows a hand in a gauntlet, squeezing a beam of lightning. Perhaps these symbols accurately reflect the modern tasks of electronic warfare - complete control over the main invisible factor in modern warfare, which determines the border between victory and defeat - the ether.

April 15, 1904, two days after the tragic death of Admiral Makarov, the Japanese fleet began shelling Port Arthur. However, this attack, which later became known as the "third flip-flop", was not successful. The reason for the failure is revealed in the official report of Rear Admiral Ukhtomsky, Acting Commander of the Pacific Fleet. He wrote:

« At 9 o'clock. 11 min. in the morning, the enemy armored cruisers Nisin and Kasuga, maneuvering south-south-west from the lighthouse Liaoteshan, began throwing fire at the forts and the inner road. From the very beginning of the shooting, two enemy cruisers, having chosen positions against the passage of the Liaoteshan Cape, outside the shots of the fortress, began to telegraph, why immediately the battleship Pobeda and the stations of the Golden Mountain began to interrupt enemy telegrams with a big spark, believing that these cruisers were informing the firing battleships about the hit their shells. The enemy fired 208 large-caliber shells. There were no court cases».

This was the first officially recorded fact in history of the use of electronic warfare in combat operations.

Weak link

Modern electronic warfare, of course, has gone far from the "big spark", but the main principle underlying it has remained the same. Any organized area of human activity provides for a hierarchy, be it a factory, a store, and even more so an army - in any enterprise there is a "brain", that is, a management system. Competition in this case is reduced to a competition of control systems - information confrontation. After all, today the main commodity on the market is not oil, not gold, but information. If you deprive a competitor of the “brain”, this can bring victory. Therefore, it is the control system that the military seeks to protect in the first place: they bury it in the ground, build layered defense systems for headquarters, etc.

Training class of the Interspecific Center for Electronic Warfare Troops

But, as you know, the strength of the chain is determined by its weakest link. Control commands need to be somehow transferred from the "brain" to the performers. " The most vulnerable link on the battlefield is the communications system, - explains Andrey Mikhailovich Smirnov, teacher of the cycle of the Interspecific Center for Training and Combat Use of EW Troops in Tambov. - If you disable it, the commands from the control system will not pass to the performers. This is exactly what EW does.».

From intelligence to suppression

But in order to disable the communication system, it must be detected. Therefore, the very first task of electronic warfare is technical intelligence, which studies the battlefield using all available technical means. This makes it possible to identify electronic objects that can be suppressed - communication systems or sensors.

Electronic warfare machine "Mercury-BM" designed to deal not with communication lines, but with guided weapons and ammunition with radio fuses. In automatic mode, the system detects ammunition and determines the operating frequency of its radio fuse, after which it puts high power interference.

The Infauna electronic warfare complex protects equipment on the march by suppressing communication lines and radio control with explosive devices.

Suppression of electronic objects is the creation of a noise signal at the input of the receiver that is greater than the useful signal.

« People of the older generation probably still remember the jamming in the USSR of foreign shortwave radio stations, such as the Voice of America, by transmitting a powerful noise signal. This is just a typical example of radio suppression- says Andrey Mikhailovich. - EW also includes the installation of passive interference, for example, the release of foil clouds from aircraft to interfere with radar signals or the creation of false targets using corner reflectors. The scope of EW interests includes not only radio, but also the optical range - say, laser illumination of optoelectronic sensors of guidance systems, and even other physical fields, such as hydroacoustic suppression of submarine sonars».

However, it is important not only to suppress the enemy's communication systems, but also to prevent the suppression of their own systems. Therefore, the electronic warfare also includes the electronic protection of their systems. This is a set of technical measures, which include the installation of arresters and systems for locking the receiving paths for the duration of interference, protection from an electromagnetic pulse (including a nuclear explosion), shielding, the use of burst transmission, as well as organizational measures, such as operating at minimum power and the shortest time on the air.

In addition, electronic warfare also counters enemy technical reconnaissance, using radio camouflage and various cunning types of signal coding that make it difficult to detect.

Silencers

« The shortwave "enemy voices" were AM-modulated analog at known frequencies, so it wasn't that hard to drown them out.- explains Andrey Mikhailovich. - But even under such seemingly greenhouse conditions, with a good receiver, it was quite possible to listen to forbidden transmissions due to the characteristics of the propagation of shortwave signals and the limited power of the transmitters. For analog signals, the noise level must exceed the signal level by six to ten times, since the human ear and brain are extremely selective and allow even a noisy signal to be parsed.

With modern coding methods, such as frequency hopping, the task is more complicated: if white noise is used, the hopping receiver simply "does not notice" such a signal. Therefore, the noise signal should be as similar as possible to the “useful” one (but five to six times more powerful). And they are different in various communication systems, and one of the tasks of radio intelligence is precisely the analysis of the type of enemy signals. Terrestrial systems typically use DSSS spread spectrum or frequency hopping signals, so a frequency modulated (FM) chaotic pulse train signal is most often used as a universal interference signal.

Aviation uses amplitude modulated (AM) signals because FM from a fast moving transmitter will be affected by the Doppler effect. To suppress aircraft radars, impulse noise similar to signals from guidance systems is also used. In addition, you need to use a directional signal: this gives a significant gain in power (several times). In some cases, suppression is quite problematic - say, in the case of space or radio relay communications, where very narrow radiation patterns are used.».

One should not think that electronic warfare jams “everything in a row” - this would be very inefficient from an energy point of view. “The power of the noise signal is limited, and if it is distributed over the entire spectrum, then this will not affect the operation of a modern communication system operating with PRFC signals at all,” says Anatoly Mikhailovich Balyukov, head of the test and methodological department of the Interspecific Center for Training and Combat Use of EW Troops. - Our task is to detect, analyze the signal and literally "spot" it suppression - exactly on those channels between which it "jumps", and no more. Therefore, the widespread opinion that no communication will work during the operation of the electronic warfare system is nothing more than a delusion. Only those systems that need to be suppressed will not work.

War of the future

In the 1990s, the military in different countries of the world started talking about a new concept of warfare - network-centric warfare. Its practical implementation has become possible due to the rapid development of information technology.

“Network-centric warfare is based on the creation of a special communication network that unites all units on the battlefield. More precisely, in the battle space, since global satellite constellations are also elements of such a network, - explains Anatoly Mikhailovich Balyukov. - The United States has made a serious bet on network-centric warfare and has been actively testing its elements in local wars since the mid-1990s - from reconnaissance and strike UAVs to field terminals for each fighter receiving data from a single network.

This approach, of course, allows to achieve much higher combat effectiveness due to a serious reduction in the time of the Boyd loop. Now we are talking not about days, not about hours or even minutes, but literally about real time - and even about the frequency of individual stages of the loop in tens of hertz. Sounds impressive, but ... all these characteristics are provided by communication systems. It is enough to degrade the characteristics of communication systems, at least partially suppressing them, and the frequencies of the Boyd loop will decrease, which (ceteris paribus) will lead to defeat.

Thus, the whole concept of network-centric warfare is tied to communication systems. Without communication, coordination between elements of the network is partially or completely disrupted: there is no navigation, there is no “friend or foe” identification, there are no marks on the location of troops, units become “blind”, automated fire control systems do not receive signals from guidance systems, and many types of modern weapons in manual mode is not possible. Therefore, in a network-centric war, it is the electronic warfare that will play one of the leading roles, reclaiming the air from the enemy.”

big ear

EW methods are actively used not only in the electromagnetic range (radio and optical), but also in acoustics. This is not only anti-submarine warfare (interference and decoys), but the detection of artillery batteries and helicopters along an infrasound trail that spreads far in the atmosphere.

Invisible signals

Amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) modulation are the basis of analog communications, however, they are not too noise-resistant and therefore are quite easily suppressed using modern electronic warfare tools.

Scheme of operation of pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency (PFC)

Boyd loop

John Boyd began his career as a US Air Force pilot in 1944, and at the start of the Korean War he became an instructor and earned the nickname "Forty Second Boyd" because none of the cadets could last longer than that time against him in mock combat.

The location of the 15th separate electronic warfare brigade, or military unit 71615, is the village of Stroitel, Tambov Region. The activity of the unit is aimed at protecting the command and control systems of troops from enemy attacks, and reducing the effectiveness of its actions. A feature of the EW troops is that they do not come into combat contact with the enemy, and strike only in virtual space and on the air.

The main types of electronic warfare are electronic suppression of enemy signals and electronic protection against them. The impact is carried out with the help of electromagnetic fields of special installations. Radio interference at the enemy's frequency is created by active (interference stations and transmitters) and passive (working on the principle of reflection) means.

Story

The predecessor of the brigade was the 225th separate electronic warfare regiment (military unit 64055), created in 2009. At that time, he was stationed in the city of Novomoskovsk, Tula Region. In 2011, the unit was reorganized, all military equipment and signal tracking consoles were taken to Tambov, on the territory of military unit 71615. In April 2011, the regiment was given the name of the 15th separate electronic warfare brigade, a battle flag and other regalia were awarded.

Chevron 15th OBRREB

eyewitness impressions

The village where the brigade is based among the local population is known as "Infantry" - the Tambov Infantry School was founded here (1932). At the moment, the premises of the educational institution are reserved for barracks, administrative buildings and classrooms of such a unit as military unit 71615.
As for the conditions of service, the fighters of urgent draft and contract staff live in well-appointed dormitories of the cubicle type. For contractors and conscripts, the buildings for living are separate. Each barracks has four shared showers, a recreation room and a sports area. Maintenance of equipment, cleaning of the external territory and the premises of the barracks is carried out by civilian personnel. The military personnel are involved in the above outfits only on the park and economic day on Saturdays.

In the training specialization classes

Field exercises last about a month and are usually held at the Trigulay training ground. The exercises can be held jointly with cadets of the 1084th Interspecific Center for Training and Combat Use of EW Troops.

Cooking and catering is also entrusted to civilian outsourcing. Meals are served on a queue system, and it is organized as a buffet (several dishes to choose from). Officers and soldiers eat in the same room. Every day, a doctor from the medical unit monitors the quality of food. In addition to the dining room, the garrison has a chip-tea room.
Hazing, according to eyewitnesses, is absent, since the part belongs to the authorized units, and every day a physical examination of the soldiers is carried out.

Organization of meals in the dining room

At the moment, the formation is being completed, and those wishing to enter the contract service are subject to the following requirements:

The age of the applicant is from 18 to 40 years;
Passing a multi-level selection (Physical Educational Standards, medical commission);
Retraining or training at a special training center (in Tambov, this is the 1084th Interspecific Center for Training and Combat Use of EW Troops).

Conscripts for military service before the start of military service take a course of a young fighter (about 1 month), and then take the oath. Relatives and friends of an employee of military unit 71615 are allowed to come to this event. Soldiers are allowed to leave after the oath only on the security of the passport of their parents or wife. Relatives who come to take the oath should know that it is held on Saturday at 9.00 am, but it is worth arriving at the checkpoint at 8.00 am and do not forget to take warm clothes with you for yourself and the soldier.
The rest of the time, leave is issued to fighters upon application. It must be written on Thursday in the name of the unit commander, because. The dismissal order is signed on Friday. If the leave is denied, you can meet with the serviceman at the checkpoint of the unit (a special room has been set aside for visits).

Class

Communication with relatives by mobile phone is allowed only on weekends. Soldiers hand over phones to the company commander for safekeeping, and their receipt is noted in the journal. Of the mobile operators, they recommend MTS (“Call Mom” or “Super 0” tariff) or Megafon (“Everything is simple”).

Soldiers of military unit 71615 receive monetary allowance on the VTB-24 card. ATM is located at the checkpoint part. Employees under the contract are entitled to payments twice a month, and urgent draft soldiers - once. You can top up your VTB-24 card as follows:

In one of the branches of the bank. To transfer, you need to know the full name of the fighter, his card number. The sender must have a bank card and a passport with him.
Internet banking. The Telebank service is connected at the bank office with a passport. After entering your personal account, enter the recipient's card number and the transfer amount.
Through the terminal. Specify the recipient's card number and insert banknotes into the bill acceptor.
Through the Contact service. Recipient's details (bank name, card number and passport details) are required.

Presentation of the battle flag to the 15th brigade

Sick soldiers of military unit 71615 are sent to the infirmary, and from there to the garrison military hospital (branch No. 9 of the 1586 district military hospital), designed for 150 beds. Visitors can visit the soldier daily from 10.00 to 19.00. A one-time pass is issued to a visitor only upon presentation of a passport.