Russia has just announced how many deadly Armata tanks it will build. Russia has just announced how many deadly Armata tanks it will build. What equipment to put on t 14

06.03.2020

Jan 21, 2015

Tank troops are considered one of the most powerful components of the modern army. Developers all over the world pay special attention to the improvement of tanks and other heavy armored vehicles, in order to fulfill a large number of assigned combat missions.

Russia was no exception, where specialists decided to create powerful combat vehicles based on the Armata special tracked platform, which will allow unifying armored units and units, as well as optimizing the cost of producing tanks and armored vehicles.

Of the entire Armata family, the most anticipated novelty of military engineering was precisely the main tank - a new combat vehicle, on the creation of which Uralvagonzavod specialists, engineers and designers worked hard.

TTX tank Armata T-14

Combat weight 48 tons
Crew - 3 people
Booking
- combined multilayer armor
- active protection complex Afghanit
– dynamic protection Malachite
Armament
- Smoothbore gun 125 mm 2A82-1M (152 mm 2A83)
- Gun ammunition 45 shells (32 pieces in the automatic loader)
- Machine guns - 1 × 12.7 mm cord; 1 × 7.62 mm PKTM
Engine
- multi-fuel A-85-3A (12N360)
– Engine power 1500 hp
Highway speed - 80 - 90 km / h
Cross-country speed - about 70 km / h
Cruising on the highway - over 500 km
Specific power - 31 l. s./t
Suspension type - active.

Multi-level protection of the Armata tank

The main feature of the T-14 tank is uninhabited tank turret- the crew is located in an isolated armored capsule, among other things, a multi-layer combined armor barrier is installed in the front projection of the combat vehicle, protecting tankers during frontal hits of anti-tank shells and missiles. This approach to the design of the tank allows the combat vehicle to withstand the hit of most modern and promising ATGMs and anti-tank shells, while saving the lives of tankers. Control computers are also located in the inhabited armored capsule, which makes the tank more tenacious in modern combat conditions.

Arrangement of nodes and modules of Almaty

The engine, transmission, as well as the automatic loader with ammunition are isolated from each other, which dramatically increases the survivability of the Armata even in the event of penetration of the turret armor or engine / transmission compartments of the tank. That is, if there is no direct hit in the compartment with ammunition and an automatic loader, then there will be no detonation of the ammunition. Even with a lot of tank penetrations, the armored capsule will protect the crew and fire control systems, allowing the robotic uninhabited tower to fire. The original solution is also that the crew is located in a row, which reduces the area of the lateral projection of the inhabited armored capsule, dramatically reducing the likelihood of hitting it.

The T-14 tank has a new anti-mine V-shaped armor, remote mine detectors are installed on the tank, which are connected to the anti-tank mine destruction system, which allows the tank to overcome minefields.

T-14 Armata tank turret

The tower of the Armata T-14 tank, as we wrote above, is uninhabited, its armor consists of anti-fragmentation casings to protect instruments and weapons. The steel casing protects the turret instruments, as well as the dynamic protection modules from light shrapnel damage, an additional function of the casing is to reduce the radio visibility of the tank against ATGMs / ATGMs with radar guidance of the JAGM type, due to the surface geometry.

Active protection complex "Afganit"

But the armor cannot 100% protect the tank from modern anti-tank weapons, so the T-14 is equipped with the Afganit active protection system, which has the ability to intercept modern ATGMs, cumulative grenades from RPGs, as well as sub-caliber armor-piercing shells.

Defense Update experts, when analyzing the Afghanit system on the T-14, indicate that it consists of damaging and masking elements. The striking elements are located in the pedestals-shotguns under the turret, which work similarly to the KAZ "Drozd", but more efficiently - the reaction time allows you to intercept even sub-caliber shells. The developers of "Afganit" also received a patent RU 2263268 for an active protection system based on the principle of a "shock core", which allows you to shoot down promising ammunition at speeds up to 3000 m / s.

The masking elements of the Afganit active protection complex are located in small mortars on the roof of the tank turret. Defense Update experts report that, presumably, the masking elements work simultaneously as: a smoke screen, a multispectral curtain (including the IR range) and a curtain opaque for millimeter radars (by ejecting a cloud of miniature dipoles). According to Defense Update, this completely blocks anti-tank systems built on the principle of laser (ATGM Hellfire, TOW, Fagot, Skif, Stugna-P), IR guidance (ATGM Javelin, Spike) and with its own MW radar (ATGM JAGM, Brimstone) , making Armata protected from these anti-tank missiles, as well as from planning homing charges ("roof-breakers").

Photo Vitaly V. Kuzmin

To counter the guidance radars and AWACS aircraft in the T-14 tank, modern elements of stealth technology with characteristic flat edges are used (see, for example, the casing on the turret of the Armata tank). Defense Update experts indicate that the combined destructive and camouflaging KAZ "Afganit" is triggered by an AFAR radar, which is spaced into 4 separate matrices directed in different directions, the rear matrices are turned up to control the upper hemisphere, so the AFAR radar has a circular coverage. The optical means of observation of the tank are also integrated with the system of advanced delivery of curtains.

Earlier, the developers of the T-14 also reported that, according to data from the AFAR radar, the machine-gun mount is capable of protecting the tank not only by shooting down incoming anti-tank missiles, but also by having a significant probability of hitting anti-tank shells in order to change the flight path of sub-caliber shells or damage the cumulative ammunition.

New steel for Armata tank armor

For combined multilayer armor, specialists from the Research Institute of Steel have developed new armored steel grade 44S-SV-Sh electroslag remelting of high resistance, as well as new materials and designs of the filler. This made it possible to reduce the total weight of the tank's armor protection by 15% while maintaining armor resistance. The dynamic protection of the T-14 was created according to the principle of the designer and configuration changes for the scenario of the combat use of the tank. On the march, dynamic protection can be removed, and additional modules can be installed for the urban combat scenario.

Chassis and engine of Almaty

The new medium tank Armata is equipped with a 12-cylinder four-stroke X-shaped turbocharged diesel engine A-85-3A (12N360) with a capacity of 1500 horsepower. Engine 12N360 multi-fuel, direct injection, developed by the Chelyabinsk design bureau "Transdiesel" and produced at ChTZ (Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant).

The tank has a 7-roller active suspension on paddle-type shock absorbers with a differential steering mechanism with hydrostatic transmission. The new active suspension eliminates the swaying of the tank during movement, which makes it possible to reduce the time it takes to capture targets with optoelectronic guidance by 2.2 times, reducing the time to hit a tank-type target by 1.45 times!

The T-14 Armata is equipped with a tank information and control system (TIUS), which controls all components and assemblies, manages on-board systems, and diagnoses malfunctions, which allows the driver to control the engine and chassis without leaving the armored capsule for inspection and diagnostics - the need for repair determines electronics.

Changed in T-14 design of additional fuel tanks, for the first time for Soviet and Russian tanks they became fixed and recessed behind the armor and anti-cumulative screen. In this case, the tanks participate in additional engine protection, taking on impact deformations. The exhaust of the Armata engines is produced through pipes running through additional fuel tanks, which, given the high heat capacity of hundreds of liters of fuel, reduces the visibility of the tank in the infrared range.

Although the new tank is being built according to all the standards of Russian tank building and is often compared with the Black Eagle, the model is an absolute novelty that has no analogues. An important distinguishing feature is the development of a high level of crew security, which will be placed in a special armored capsule.

Tracked platform Armata - universal combat transformer

"Armata" is a heavy tracked platform, which was developed by the Uralvagonzavod enterprise and can be used unified in the production of various types of modern heavy armored vehicles. On the basis of this unique project, it is planned to create several types of armored vehicles, the development of which Russian specialists have already begun to engage in. The main positions are:

T-14 (object 148) - Main battle tank;
BMP-T T-15 (GBTU index - object 149) Infantry fighting vehicle;
BREM-T T-16 (object 152) - recovery vehicle;
BMO-2 - flamethrower combat vehicle;
TOS BM-2 - heavy flamethrower system;
TZM-2 - transport-loading vehicle of a heavy flamethrower system;
2S35 "Coalition-SV" - self-propelled artillery mount;
USM-A1 - mining system;
UMZ-A - mine layer (project);
MIM-A - multi-purpose engineering vehicle;
MT-A - bridge layer (project);
PTS-A - floating conveyor (project).

Also, the Armata universal tank tracked platform can serve as the basis for creating a chassis for self-propelled artillery mounts and various specialized engineering vehicles. For the first time, the general public met the Armata at the Victory Parade on May 9, 2015. The participation of the new T-14 Armata tank attracted the attention of not only Russians, but a huge number of military specialists from all over the planet followed the new tank.

It will be interesting to see a comparison of the Armata tank with foreign models, for example, Armata against Abrams, Leopard, Merkava ... by the way, here is a link to.

Update: According to the head of Uralvagonzavod, Oleg Sienko, the Russian Ministry of Defense agreed on the cost and volume of orders for new T-14 Armata tanks until 2035. The previous volume of deliveries of Armata to the troops, approved until 2020, will be adjusted. According to Sienko, the first batch of Armata tanks will enter the tank units of the RF Armed Forces by 2018. The total need of the ground forces for a new combat vehicle is 2000 - 2300 units.

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In 2015, at a military parade in Moscow dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the latest Russian development, the T-14 Armata tank, was presented to the general public, which should radically affect the equipment of the Russian ground armies and determine the concept of their applications for the coming decades. This tank, positioned as a 4th generation tank, aroused great interest both in our country and around the world. In this article, we will look at the history and prerequisites for the creation of the Armata tank, its distinctive features and technical characteristics, as well as the prospects for use in real combat operations.

History and prerequisites for the creation of a new tank "Armata"

Another way

At the turn of the 2000s, 2 projects of a promising main battle tank were being developed in Russia, which should have been a replacement for the current Russian MBT - T-90. One of them is "Object 460" or(see photo above) - was the development of the Omsk Design Bureau. It had an elongated modified chassis from the T-80U tank, in which another one was added to the six rollers, as well as a narrower turret of a new design, armed with the already proven standard 125 mm smoothbore gun. It was assumed that the mass of the tank would be about 48 tons, and it would be equipped with a 1500-horsepower gas turbine engine, which would give it a specific power of more than 30 hp / t and make it one of the most dynamic tanks in the world.

The second project is "Object 195" or(see photo below) - was the development of the Ural Design Bureau and the Uralvagonzavod corporation. It was an "Ubertank" for its time, in which an uninhabited (unmanned) turret armed with a formidable 152 mm smoothbore gun was also installed on a seven-roller chassis. The crew of the tank (a total of 2 people) was housed in an isolated armored capsule in front of the hull. The weight of the tank was not small - about 55 tons, and it was supposed to be equipped with a 1650 hp diesel engine, which would also give it good dynamic characteristics.

It was assumed that the kinetic energy of the projectile fired from the 152 mm Object 195 smoothbore gun was so great that if it hit the enemy tank turret, it simply tore it off.

But in 2009-2010, both projects had to be curtailed for several reasons. Firstly, the development of both tanks was not very active, and during the design and testing period (which is about 15-20 years), they simply became obsolete. Secondly, the transition to the use of such supertanks as the T-95 - quite expensive and resource-intensive in production - would be to some extent a transition to the German path of development of tank building during the Second World War, i.e. absolutely not justified itself "the path of royal tigers and mice." What we needed was a universal, mass-produced tank with the best value for money, like our famous T-34. And, thirdly, both of these tanks did not quite correspond to the concept of network-centric warfare.

The concept of network-centric warfare

Network-centric warfare is a modern military doctrine focused on increasing the combat effectiveness of various military formations participating in armed conflicts or modern wars by combining all combat and support units into a single information network and, as a result, achieving infocommunication superiority over the enemy.

Those. it turns out that due to the unification and almost instantaneous communication of command and control means, reconnaissance means, as well as means of destruction and suppression, a more accelerated control of forces and means is achieved, an increase in the effectiveness of defeating enemy forces and the survivability of their own troops, and each combatant receives full and timely information about the real combat situation.

Tank formations must also be adapted to the modern realities of network-centric warfare, for this the tanks themselves must be able to connect to a single information network and be able to almost instantly transfer to it information received by the tank from the outside due to their own "overview" modules. In fact, this is practically one of the requirements for the new 4th generation tanks.

Tank 4th generation

"Object 195" in the view of the artist.

The classification of tanks by generation is actually not official, it is very conditional and looks something like this:

To the first generation include tanks from the 1950s and 1960s, such as the Soviet T-44 and T-54, the German Panther, the English Centurion, and the American Pershing.

Second generation associated with the emergence of the so-called main battle tanks (MBTs). It includes tanks of the 1960-1980s, such as the Soviet T-62, the American M-60, the English Chieftain, the German Leopard and the French AMX-30.

To the third generation include the latest modern tanks, such as the Soviet T-80 and Russian T-90, the American Abrams, the French Leclerc, the English Challenger, the Ukrainian Oplot, the South Korean Black Panther, the Israeli Merkava, the Italian " Ariete" and the German "Leopard-2".

It is clear that later generations of tanks were distinguished by stronger armor, more advanced protection and more formidable weapons. This also applies to the 4th generation of tanks, the appearance of which is long overdue. But besides this, as mentioned above, tanks of the 4th generation should be maximally adapted to network-centric warfare, and also, if possible, meet a number of other requirements:

- have an uninhabited tower and an automatic loader;
- the crew must be isolated in an armored capsule;
- the tank must be partially robotic.

By the way, a fully robotic unmanned tank can be considered a 5th generation tank.

Approximately with such a list of requirements, our designers approached the development of a new tank, when in 2010, after the phasing out of the Object 195 and Object 640 projects, they were given the task to design a new generation tank as soon as possible.

Platform "Armata"

The order for the design, testing and production of a new tank was received by the state corporation UralVagonZavod, located in Nizhny Tagil and engaged in the development and production of various military equipment. When developing a new tank in the Ural Design Bureau, tied to UralVagonZavod, ready-made promising developments were actively used on the Object 195 already being developed here, as well as on the project of the Omsk Design Bureau - Object 640. Both closed projects to a large extent helped our designers to quickly cope with the task.

But the most important thing is that this time our designers (as well as our military leadership) saw the problem of building a new tank more widely, and it was decided to develop not just a 4th generation tank, but a universal tracked platform that could be used for the design of the most diverse military equipment, which would solve the above-described problem of universality, mass character and value for money.

Thus, "Uralvagonzavod" designed and implemented the so-called unified combat heavy tracked platform "Armata", on the basis of which it is planned to create about 30 different types of military equipment. Moreover, not only the platform will be common to them, but also a common battle control system, a common communication system, a common active defense system and many other nodes and modules.

The universal heavy combat platform "Armata" has three engine layout options: front, rear and middle. This allows you to use the platform for the construction of almost any type of military equipment. For a tank, for example, they use the rear engine placement, but for an infantry fighting vehicle, on the contrary, the front one.

At the moment, our defense industry has already received the first pieces of equipment based on the new platform - this is armored recovery vehicle BREM T-16(so far only as a project), and of course the main combat one, which we could already see at the Victory Parade in Moscow.

The T-14 tank is the latest Russian tank of the 4th generation on the Armata universal combat heavy tracked platform. The tank received the index "14" as usual for the year of the project - 2014. At the project stage, the tank had the designation "Object 148".

It is believed that the T-14 "Armata" tank is the world's first tank of the 4th generation, the first tank in the framework of the concept of network-centric warfare, and that it has no analogues at all. In general, according to many of our and foreign experts, today the Armata is the best tank in the world.

To begin with, let's take a quick look at what this new Armata tank is like, what design solutions our design engineers embodied in it, what main features it has:

The main features of the T-14 "Armata" tank

- The tank has an uninhabited tower. It is equipped with the already proven remote-controlled 125 mm smoothbore gun with an automatic loader.

- The design of the tank allows you to install on it a 152 mm gun, already tested on the "Object 195".

- The crew of the tank is located in an isolated armored capsule that can withstand a direct hit from all existing modern anti-tank shells.

- The armored capsule with the crew is securely separated from the ammunition and fuel tanks.

- Active suspension will allow the tank to conduct accurate aimed fire at speeds up to 40-50 km / h.

- It is assumed that the active suspension will allow the tank to move at speeds up to 90 km / h, not only on the highway, but also on rough terrain.

- The new type of combined multi-layer armor used in the tank is 15% different than that used in domestic tanks of the 3rd generation. The armor thickness equivalent is about 1000 mm.

- All tank modules are controlled by the latest tank information and control system (TIUS), which, in the event of any malfunction, notifies the crew of this by an appropriate voice message.

- The Armata radar complex uses active phased array radars capable of conducting about 40 ground and 25 air targets at a distance of up to 100 km.

- If a projectile flying into the tank is detected, the Afghanit active defense system automatically turns the tank turret towards this projectile in order to meet it with more powerful frontal armor and be ready to strike at the enemy that fired this projectile.

- The range of destruction of 125 mm guns is up to 7000 m, while for the best Western models this parameter is 5000 m.

- The Armata tank uses a large number of effective stealth technologies that make it practically invisible or difficult to detect for many types of weapons.

TTX tank T-14 "Armata"

Infographics and location of modules in the T-14 tank

A good infographic of the T-14 tank with the location of the modules was made by the RIA Novosti agency:

Video review "Multi-purpose tank T-14 on the tracked platform Armata"

For the 80th anniversary of Uralvagonzavod, an interesting mini-video review about the T-14 Armata tank was released:

Radar complex

The T-14 is the first tank in the world to use an active phased array radar (AFAR radar). Radars of the same type are being installed on the new Russian fifth-generation T-50 multirole fighters, which are to replace the SU-27. Unlike radars with a passive array, AFAR radars consist of a large number of independently adjustable active modules, which significantly increases the tracking ability and reliability, since in the event of a failure of one of the radar modules, we will get only a slight distortion of the “picture”. True, the cost of such radars is somewhat higher.

Armata uses 4 AFAR radar panels located along the perimeter of the tower (see photo above). They are protected by bulletproof and anti-fragmentation screens, but, nevertheless, can be easily replaced in the field (the photo shows plastic loops for removing radar panels).

The radar complex of the T-14 tank can simultaneously track up to 40 ground moving and up to 25 airborne aerodynamic targets, which makes it one of the key elements on the battlefield within the concept of network-centric warfare. The target tracking distance is up to 100 km.

If, for the purpose of camouflage, the main surveillance radar of the tank is turned off, then at close range it is replaced by two ultra-fast reaction radars, which are also used to trigger destructive elements of active protection against projectiles fired at the tank.

Target detection systems in the infrared and ultraviolet range

On the T-14 turret, a panoramic sight is installed on the same axis as the machine gun mount, which serves to determine the coordinates of targets received by various observation modules, while it rotates 360 degrees regardless of the machine gun.

The panoramic sight includes a visible camera, an infrared camera and a laser rangefinder. As each new target is captured by the radar, the panoramic sight automatically turns in its direction to determine its exact coordinates. The received information is displayed on the monitors of the tank crew in the form of a tactical map with the coordinates of fixed targets, and if necessary, you can specify the coordinates of a particular target by pressing your finger on the image on the touch screen.

In addition to the panoramic sight, the T-14 tank is equipped with six autonomous high-definition cameras that allow the crew to monitor the situation around the tank along the entire perimeter. These cameras allow tankers to assess the situation when the radar is turned off and in the conditions of the enemy's electronic warfare, and also record laser pointers aimed at the tank.

In addition, these HD cameras can see through smoke screens (in infrared), giving Armata a significant advantage using this type of camouflage. This gives the following example:

When the T-14 tank is surrounded by enemy infantry, it can put a smoke screen around it, making it invisible to enemy grenade launchers, and shoot them from a machine gun mount according to infrared HD cameras.

Active protection complex "Afganit"

Both the radar complex of 4 AFAR radars and 2 high-speed radars, and infrared HD cameras are part of the active tank protection complex, which serves not only for reconnaissance of targets, but also for the timely detection of threats to the tank and their elimination. Here are the features of the Afganit active protection system installed on the Armata:

- When an enemy projectile flying towards the tank is detected, the Afghanit automatically turns the tank turret towards this projectile in order to meet it with more powerful armor on the one hand, and on the other hand, to be ready to strike at the object that fired this projectile.

- When shells flying up to the tank are detected, Afghanit automatically controls the machine gun mount to destroy them.

- If increased camouflage is required, Afghanit can operate in passive mode with the radar turned off, focusing on HD camera data.

- "Afghanit" is safe for its infantry, located near the tank, as it uses to a greater extent the means of electronic warfare and smoke-metal curtains to counter enemy missiles.

- In addition, according to the latest data, "Afganit" successfully resists modern armor-piercing projectiles with cores.

The Afganit active defense complex is capable of hitting projectiles flying up to the tank at speeds up to 1700 m/s. But our designers are already developing a new active protection - "Barrier", which will be able to intercept shells flying up at speeds up to 3000 m / s.

Complex of dynamic protection "Malachite"

On the T-14 tank, the Malachite dynamic protection complex is also installed. Here are the features it has:

- "Malachite" successfully resists not only various cumulative shells, but is also capable of destroying the latest NATO sub-caliber shells, which were specially designed to penetrate such dynamic defenses that preceded "Malachite" as "Relikt" and "Contact-5".

- Malachite is much better at resisting the most advanced anti-tank missile systems (ATGMs).

- By reducing the amount of explosive in the dynamic protection "Malachite", the option of hitting one's own infantry and damaging the tank's observation devices is practically excluded.

Armament of the T-14 tank

The fire control system of the T-14 tank is connected to the Afghanit active protection system and its radio-optical modules. With their help, the tank's weapons are guided to the detected targets. Besides, aiming uses data from the following sensors:

— gyroscopic sensors of the angular orientation of the tank in space;
- air temperature and humidity sensor;
- wind direction and speed sensor;
- barrel bending sensor from heating.

The tank receives its own coordinates using the GLONASS satellite system.

As we wrote above, the T-14 tank can be equipped with both a standard 125 mm gun and a 152 mm gun. As standard, the Armata is equipped with the already proven 125 mm 2A82-1C smoothbore gun, which has a 17% higher muzzle energy and 20% greater accuracy than the best examples of Western tank-mounted guns.

It should also be noted that the range of destruction from this gun is about 7000 m, which exceeds the performance of foreign tank guns, for the most part of which the range of destruction does not exceed 5000 m. This again gives the Armata a significant advantage - it is our tank that will own the right to "long hands”, i.e. he will be able to shoot enemy tanks without even approaching them at their range.

In addition, the 2A82 gun has the ability to fire ammunition up to 1 meter long (for example, such as high-powered armor-piercing shells "Vacuum-1"). The T-14 is equipped with an automatic loader for 32 rounds, due to which a rate of fire of 10-12 rounds per minute is achieved.

Some of the Armata tanks are going to be equipped with a 152 mm 2A83 gun, which has an armor-piercing capacity of sabots of more than 1000 mm, and their speed is 2000 m/s, which leaves no chance for all known modern tanks. In addition, as the leaders of the Uralvagonzavod corporation say, the kinetic energy of the 152 mm gun projectile is such that more often it will simply tear off the turret of the enemy tank being hit.

Both guns allow their barrel to be used to launch guided missiles. It is assumed that for 152 mm guns, missiles with armor-piercing up to 1500 mm and a range of up to 10,000 m can be used, which can hit both ground and air targets.

At the same time, some experts point to the possibility of using guided active-rocket projectiles with a range of up to 30 km on T-14 tanks armed with 152 mm guns, which turns such an “Armata” into a fire support tank using both against enemy infantry and against heavily protected enemy targets.

Of the machine gun armament, the Armata is equipped with a large-caliber 12.7 mm Kord machine gun, remotely controlled by the crew and included in the Afganit active defense complex, as well as a 7.62 mm Kalashnikov machine gun, coaxial with a tank gun. Moreover, for reloading the Korda, there is a special automated system that does not require the participation of crew members.

Reservation of the T-14 tank

As we pointed out above, one of the main features of the Armata tank is the presence of a special isolated armored capsule, separated from the rest of the tank by armored partitions and serving to accommodate the entire crew with control computers. In addition, the armored capsule protects against weapons of mass destruction and has an air conditioning system and a fire extinguishing system. All this significantly increases both the survivability of the crew and the survivability of the tank itself. It is stated that the maximum duration of the continuous stay of the crew in the armored capsule is about 3 days.

In the production of Armata tanks, a new type of armored steel with ceramic inserts is used, which has increased armor resistance. This made it possible, with the same armor thickness, to achieve a smaller mass of the tank, and, accordingly, better dynamics. Nevertheless, it is expected that in the frontal projection, the T-14 has an armor equivalent of more than 1000 mm against sub-caliber projectiles and about 1300 mm against HEAT projectiles. This makes the tank resistant to any modern munitions head-on and able to withstand such formidable anti-tank weapons as the American heavy and American man-portable.

Tower T-14

The structure of the tower is classified information, however, it is assumed that it consists of an external anti-fragmentation casing, under which the main armor of the tower is hidden. The anti-fragmentation casing performs several functions.:

- protection of tank instruments from fragments, high-explosive shells and bullet penetrations;
- reduction of radio visibility to counter ATGMs with radar guidance;
- shielding of external electronic fields, which makes the tower devices resistant to various kinds of magnetic impulses.

Below is a video with a possible device for the T-14 tank turret:

stealth technology

Another significant feature of the T-14 is the use of various stealth technologies, which drastically reduce the visibility of the tank in the infrared, radar and magnetic observation spectra. Here are the stealth tools used in "Armata":

- unique GALS-coating, which reflects a wide range of waves and protects the tank from overheating in the sun;

- flat reflective edges of the hull, reducing the visibility of the tank in the radio range;

- a system for mixing exhaust gases with ambient air, reducing the visibility of the tank in the infrared range;

- thermal insulation on the inside of the case, which also reduces the visibility of the T-14 in the IR range;

- heat traps that distort the "signature" (the visual image of the tank) in the infrared range;

- distortion of its own magnetic field, making it difficult to determine the location of the tank for magnetometric weapons.

All this causes significant difficulties for the enemy in detecting the "Armata", in determining its coordinates and in general in identifying it as a tank.

Many experts believe that the T-14 Armata is the world's first stealth tank.

Engine

The T-14 tank is equipped with a multi-fuel 12-cylinder four-stroke X-shaped turbocharged diesel engine (12N360), which was designed in Chelyabinsk and is produced there - at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The engine has a switching power from 1200 to 1500 hp, but on serial vehicles it is planned to install an engine with a maximum power of 1800 hp. This will provide the tank with excellent dynamic characteristics - so the maximum speed on the highway will reach 90 km / h. In addition, this four-stroke engine is much more economical than the old two-stroke ones, which ensures a cruising range of 500 km without refueling.

The box on the T-14 is automatic robotic with the ability to switch to manual control.

It should also be noted that the exhaust gases are removed through pipes passing through additional fuel tanks. This provides them with additional cooling and ultimately reduces the visibility of the tank in the infrared range. The tanks themselves are covered with armor plates and anti-cumulative screens, and they are protected from fire by an open-cell filler.

The engine and transmission are combined into a separate module, which makes it possible to replace a failed power unit in less than an hour.

active suspension

If earlier on Russian tanks a 6-roller chassis was used, then the Armata platform has a 7-roller one, which makes it possible to build equipment with a maximum weight of up to 60 tons on its basis. Therefore, the T-14 tank has a huge potential for all kinds of upgrades.

The suspension used in the T-14 tank is active, that is, it is capable of detecting irregularities under the tracks using sensors and automatically adjusting the height of the rollers. This feature not only increases the tank's speed over rough terrain, but also significantly (by about 1.5 - 2.0 times) improves aiming accuracy on the move. High-precision shooting while moving quickly across the battlefield is another indisputable advantage of the "Armata" when it is possible to "meet" with such quite probable opponents as or who still use an uncontrolled hydropneumatic suspension developed more than 30 years ago.

Tank information and control system

One of the best tank information and control systems (TIUS) is installed on the Armata, which monitors all the modules of the tank in real time and automatically checks them for malfunctions. In the event that any problems are detected, the TIUS system informs the crew about this in voice mode and gives recommendations for their elimination.

Defense Order

At the parade in Moscow in 2015, T-14s from the first pilot batch (20 tanks) were presented to the public. Serial production of "Armata" began in 2016, and by the end of it it is planned to produce about 100 more machines, which will be actively used in various tests and exercises to identify shortcomings and determine the necessary improvements.

In total, by 2020, it is planned to commission 2,300 T-14 Armata tanks. This is how the state order was presented by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation to the state corporation Uralvagonzavod. Moreover, it was separately indicated that the serial production of Armata tanks would not be stopped even in the conditions of a severe economic crisis.

By the way, the management of Uralvagonzavod indicates the cost of the tank at 250 million rubles (this is about 4-5 million dollars). This means that the entire batch of T-14s in 2300 tanks will cost our state 10 billion dollars.

Other combat vehicles on the Armata platform

Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) T-15 "Armata"

In addition to the T-14 tank, on a unified heavy tracked combat platform, it is planned to produce the T-15 armored infantry fighting vehicle, the first copies of which were also demonstrated at the Victory Parade in Moscow. I must say that this is the first heavily armored infantry fighting vehicle in the Russian army. Its tank armor level is impenetrable for modern ATGMs with a caliber of up to 150 mm and BOPS with a caliber of up to 120 mm, as well as the presence of active protection "Afghanit" allows it to operate in one tactical group along with T-14 tanks and makes it a "network-centric" combat vehicle.

The mass of the BMP T-15 is about 50 tons, the crew is 3 people, in addition, it has a landing module for 9 people behind it.

The versatility and modularity of the Armata platform allows the T-15 BMP to have several combat configurations:

- The main version with the Boomerang-BM combat module, the armament of which includes the Kornet-EM anti-tank missile system, the 2A42 30 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun and the PKTM 7.62 mm machine gun, allows it to successfully withstand various ground and air targets at a distance of up to 4 km (universal air defense configuration).

- A variant with the Baikal combat module, the armament of which includes a modified shipborne 57 mm anti-aircraft gun with higher firepower and a range of up to 8 km (long-range air defense configuration).

- Option with 120 mm heavy mortar (anti-personnel configuration).

Below is an infographic from the performance characteristics of the BMP T-15 "Armata":

Armored recovery vehicle (BREM) T-16 "Armata"

Above is a photo of the BREM-1M armored repair and recovery vehicle, created on the basis of the chassis of the T-72 tank and designed to evacuate damaged or stuck equipment in combat conditions. On the basis of the Armata universal heavy platform, it is planned to release a new BREM under the T-16 index, which will be equipped with a more powerful cargo crane and a whole range of various special equipment.

Self-propelled artillery mount (SAU) "Coalition-SV"

In order to include equipment with powerful and long-range fire support in the same group with T-14 tanks and T-15 infantry fighting vehicles, it is planned to transfer equipment to the Armata heavy combat platform and our latest 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV self-propelled artillery mount, which replaced the outdated 2S3 self-propelled guns "Acacia" and 2S19 "Msta-S". Developed by the Burevestnik Central Research Institute and manufactured at the Uraltransmash plant, which is also part of the Uralvagonzavod corporation, the 152 mm self-propelled howitzer has a wide range of purposes: from destroying enemy tactical nuclear weapons and destroying its fortifications to counteracting its manpower and equipment.

When designing the Coalition-SV, they also adhered to the principle of modularity and versatility, so this howitzer can be installed on almost any platform, including a ship.

The main feature of the new self-propelled guns is its range - up to 70 km, which significantly exceeds all known foreign analogues in this parameter. Ammunition "Coalition-SV" is 70 shells, rate of fire - 10-15 rounds per minute.

Besides, on the basis of the universal platform "Armata" it is also planned to build the following types of equipment:
- Fighting vehicle of flamethrowers (BMO-2)
– Heavy flamethrower system (TOS BM-2)
- Multi-purpose engineering vehicle (MIM-A)
- Transport-loading vehicle of a heavy flamethrower system (TZM-2)
- Mine layer (UMZ-A)
– Floating conveyor (PTS-A)
– Bridgelayer (MT-A)

Prospects for the use of the tank "Armata"

As we wrote above, the T-14 Armata tank was developed within the network-centric concept, therefore it is designed to conduct combat operations as part of a tactical grouping, including equipment and systems of a very different nature: other Armata tanks or tanks upgraded for network-centric warfare T-90S, several T-15 infantry fighting vehicles, a battery of self-propelled guns "Coalition-SV", attack helicopters KA-52 "Alligator" and other equipment. At the same time, the T-14 "Armata" in this group is assigned one of the key roles, namely the role of a reconnaissance, target designator and command tank that controls the battle through a single control system.

Conclusion

All this is good that in terms of military projects we do not lag behind, but somewhere we are ahead of other leading military powers of the world, and the development and implementation of the Armata universal heavy platform should significantly improve the defense capability of our country in case of a major (third world) war. The only question is what kind of big war it will be and whether it will be possible to emerge victorious from it?

P.S. Below is a video about the latest history of our tank forces, presented by the Ministry of Defense on Tanker Day, in which you can also see the hero of our review - the T-14 Armata tank.

In this article, we will look at the history and prerequisites for the creation of the Armata tank, its distinctive features and technical characteristics, as well as the prospects for use in real combat operations.

History and prerequisites for the creation of a new tank "Armata"

Another way

At the turn of the 2000s, 2 projects of a promising main battle tank were being developed in Russia, which should have been a replacement for the current Russian MBT - T-90. One of them is "Object 460" or "Black Eagle"(see photo above) - was the development of the Omsk Design Bureau. It had an elongated modified chassis from the T-80U tank, in which another one was added to the six rollers, as well as a narrower turret of a new design, armed with the already proven standard 125 mm smoothbore gun. It was assumed that the mass of the tank would be about 48 tons, and it would be equipped with a 1500-horsepower gas turbine engine, which would give it a specific power of more than 30 hp / t and make it one of the most dynamic tanks in the world.

The second project - "Object 195" or "T-95"(see photo below) - was the development of the Ural Design Bureau and the Uralvagonzavod corporation. It was an "Ubertank" for its time, in which an uninhabited (unmanned) turret armed with a formidable 152 mm smoothbore gun was also installed on a seven-roller chassis. The crew of the tank (a total of 2 people) was housed in an isolated armored capsule in front of the hull. The weight of the tank was not small - about 55 tons, and it was supposed to be equipped with a 1650 hp diesel engine, which would also give it good dynamic characteristics.

It was assumed that the kinetic energy of the projectile fired from the 152 mm Object 195 smoothbore gun was so great that if it hit the enemy tank turret, it simply tore it off.

The concept of network-centric warfare

Tank 4th generation

"Object 195" in the view of the artist.

The classification of tanks by generation is actually not official, it is very conditional and looks something like this:

To the first generation include tanks from the 1950s and 1960s, such as the Soviet T-44 and T-54, the German Panther, the English Centurion, and the American Pershing.

have an uninhabited tower and an automatic loader;
the crew must be isolated in an armored capsule;
the tank must be partially robotic.

By the way, a fully robotic unmanned tank can be considered a 5th generation tank.

Platform "Armata"

At the moment, our defense industry has already received the first pieces of equipment based on the new platform - this is armored recovery vehicle BREM T-16(so far only as a project), infantry fighting vehicle BMP T-15 and of course the main combat tank T-14 "Armata", which we could already see at the Victory Parade in Moscow.

It is believed that the T-14 "Armata" tank is the world's first tank of the 4th generation, the first tank in the framework of the concept of network-centric warfare, and that it has no analogues at all. In general, according to many of our and foreign experts, today the Armata is the best tank in the world.

To begin with, let's take a quick look at what this new Armata tank is like, what design solutions our design engineers embodied in it, what main features it has:

The main features of the T-14 "Armata" tank

The tank has an uninhabited tower. It is equipped with the already proven remote-controlled 125 mm smoothbore gun with an automatic loader.
The design of the tank allows you to install on it a 152 mm gun, already tested on the "Object 195".
The crew of the tank is located in an isolated armored capsule that can withstand a direct hit from all existing modern anti-tank shells.
The armored capsule with the crew is securely separated from the ammunition and fuel tanks.
The active suspension will allow the tank to conduct accurate aimed fire at speeds up to 40-50 km/h.
It is assumed that the active suspension will allow the tank to move at speeds up to 90 km / h, not only on the highway, but also on rough terrain.
The new type of combined multi-layer armor used in the tank is 15% different than that used in domestic tanks of the 3rd generation. The armor thickness equivalent is about 1000 mm.
All modules of the tank are controlled by the latest tank information and control system (TIUS), which, in the event of any malfunction, notifies the crew of this by an appropriate voice message.
The Armata radar complex uses active phased array radars capable of conducting about 40 ground and 25 air targets at a distance of up to 100 km.
In the event that a projectile flying into a tank is detected, the Afghanit active protection system automatically turns the tank turret towards this projectile in order to meet it with more powerful frontal armor and be ready to strike at the enemy that fired this projectile.
The range of destruction of 125 mm guns is up to 7000 m, while for the best Western models this parameter is 5000 m.
The Armata tank uses a large number of effective stealth technologies that make it virtually invisible or difficult to detect for many types of weapons.

TTX tank T-14 "Armata"

Infographics and location of modules in the T-14 tank

A good infographic of the T-14 tank with the location of the modules was made by the RIA Novosti agency:

Video review "Multi-purpose tank T-14 on the tracked platform Armata"

For the 80th anniversary of Uralvagonzavod, an interesting mini-video review about the T-14 Armata tank was released:

Radar complex

The radar complex of the T-14 tank can simultaneously track up to 40 ground moving and up to 25 airborne aerodynamic targets, which makes it one of the key elements on the battlefield within the concept of network-centric warfare. The target tracking distance is up to 100 km.

Target detection systems in the infrared and ultraviolet range

In addition, these HD cameras can see through smoke screens (in infrared), giving Armata a significant advantage using this type of camouflage. This gives the following example:

Active protection complex "Afganit"

When an enemy projectile flying towards the tank is detected, Afghanit automatically turns the tank turret towards this projectile in order to meet it with more powerful armor on the one hand, and on the other hand, to be ready to strike at the object that fired this projectile.
When shells flying up to the tank are detected, Afghanit automatically controls the machine gun mount to destroy them.
In case of need for increased camouflage, Afghanit can operate in passive mode with the radar turned off, focusing on HD camera data.
"Afghanit" is safe for its infantry, located near the tank, as it uses to a greater extent the means of electronic warfare and smoke-metal curtains to counter enemy missiles.
In addition, according to the latest data, "Afganit" successfully resists modern armor-piercing projectiles with cores.

The Afganit active defense complex is capable of hitting projectiles flying up to the tank at speeds up to 1700 m/s. But our designers are already developing a new active protection - "Barrier", which will be able to intercept shells flying up at speeds up to 3000 m / s.

Complex of dynamic protection "Malachite"

On the T-14 tank, the Malachite dynamic protection complex is also installed. Here are the features it has:

"Malachite" successfully resists not only various cumulative projectiles, but is also capable of destroying the latest NATO sub-caliber projectiles, which were specially designed to penetrate such dynamic defenses that preceded "Malachite" as "Relikt" and "Contact-5".
Malachite is much better at resisting the most advanced anti-tank missile systems (ATGMs).
By reducing the amount of explosive in the dynamic protection "Malachite", the option of hitting one's own infantry and damaging the tank's observation devices is practically excluded.

Armament of the T-14 tank

gyroscopic sensors of the tank's angular orientation in space;
air temperature and humidity sensor;
wind direction and speed sensor;
barrel bending sensor from heating.

The tank receives its own coordinates using the GLONASS satellite system.

Reservation of the T-14 tank

In the production of Armata tanks, a new type of armored steel with ceramic inserts is used, which has increased armor resistance. This made it possible, with the same armor thickness, to achieve a smaller mass of the tank, and, accordingly, better dynamics. Nevertheless, it is expected that in the frontal projection, the T-14 has an armor equivalent of more than 1000 mm against sub-caliber projectiles and about 1300 mm against HEAT projectiles. This makes the tank resistant to any modern ammunition hit in the forehead and capable of withstanding such formidable anti-tank weapons as the American heavy anti-tank missile system "TOW" and American portable Javelin anti-tank missile system.

Tower T-14

Protection of tank instruments from fragments, high-explosive shells and bullet penetrations;
- reduction of radio visibility to counter ATGMs with radar guidance;
- shielding of external electronic fields, which makes the tower devices resistant to various kinds of magnetic impulses.

Below is a video with a possible device for the T-14 tank turret:

stealth technology

a unique GALS coating that reflects a wide range of waves and protects the tank from overheating in the sun;
flat reflective edges of the hull, which reduce the visibility of the tank in the radio range;
a system for mixing exhaust gases with ambient air, reducing the visibility of the tank in the infrared range;
thermal insulation on the inside of the case, which also reduces the visibility of the T-14 in the IR range;
heat traps that distort the "signature" (the visual image of the tank) in the infrared range;
distortion of its own magnetic field, making it difficult to determine the location of the tank for magnetometric weapons.

All this causes significant difficulties for the enemy in detecting the "Armata", in determining its coordinates and in general in identifying it as a tank.

Many experts believe that the T-14 Armata is the world's first stealth tank.

Engine

The box on the T-14 is automatic robotic with the ability to switch to manual control.

The engine and transmission are combined into a separate module, which makes it possible to replace a failed power unit in less than an hour.

active suspension

The suspension used in the T-14 tank is active, that is, it is capable of detecting irregularities under the tracks using sensors and automatically adjusting the height of the rollers. This feature not only increases the tank's speed over rough terrain, but also significantly (by about 1.5 - 2.0 times) improves aiming accuracy on the move. High-precision shooting while moving quickly across the battlefield is another indisputable advantage of the "Armata" when it is possible to "meet" with such quite probable opponents as "Leopard-2" or Abrams, which still use uncontrolled hydropneumatic suspension, developed more than 30 years ago.

Tank information and control system

Defense Order

By the way, the management of Uralvagonzavod indicates the cost of the tank at 250 million rubles (this is about 4-5 million dollars). This means that the entire batch of T-14s in 2300 tanks will cost our state 10 billion dollars.

Other combat vehicles on the Armata platform

Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) T-15 "Armata"

The mass of the BMP T-15 is about 50 tons, the crew is 3 people, in addition, it has a landing module for 9 people behind it.

The versatility and modularity of the Armata platform allows the T-15 BMP to have several combat configurations:

The main version with the Boomerang-BM combat module, whose armament includes the Kornet-EM anti-tank missile system, the 2A42 30 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun and the PKTM 7.62 mm machine gun, allows it to successfully withstand various ground and air targets on distances up to 4 km (universal air defense configuration).
A variant with the Baikal combat module, whose armament includes a modified shipborne 57 mm anti-aircraft gun with higher firepower and a range of up to 8 km (long-range air defense configuration).
Variant with 120 mm heavy mortar (anti-personnel configuration).

Below is an infographic from the performance characteristics of the BMP T-15 "Armata":

Armored recovery vehicle (BREM) T-16 "Armata"

Self-propelled artillery mount (SAU) "Coalition-SV"

When designing the Coalition-SV, they also adhered to the principle of modularity and versatility, so this howitzer can be installed on almost any platform, including a ship.

Besides, on the basis of the universal platform "Armata" it is also planned to build the following types of equipment:

Fighting vehicle of flamethrowers (BMO-2)
Heavy flamethrower system (TOS BM-2)
Multipurpose engineering vehicle (MIM-A)
Transport-loading vehicle of a heavy flamethrower system (TZM-2)
Mine layer (UMZ-A)
Floating conveyor (PTS-A)
Bridgelayer (MT-A)

Prospects for the use of the tank "Armata"

Conclusion

P.S. Below is a video about the latest history of our tank forces, presented by the Ministry of Defense on Tanker Day, in which you can also see the hero of our review - the T-14 Armata tank.

/According to in-rating.ru/

In the newest Russian main battle tank T-14 "Armata" (object 148), the designers proposed a radically new layout. The essence of the idea lies in the complete separation and isolation from each other of the main compartments of the combat vehicle.
Do not think that the idea arose from scratch: the "Armata" had a predecessor. Back in 1971, the team of the Kharkov plant named after. Malysheva, on his own initiative, proposed a project for a machine that received the designation GABTU "Object 450" and the factory designation T-74. The car was divided into five separate compartments: the engine compartment, the compartment with ammunition, the compartment with crew members, the compartment with the gun and additional weapons, and the fuel compartment. But the Soviet leadership considered the concept of the tank too expensive and difficult to manufacture: after about a year, the topic was closed.
Closed but not forgotten. The project of a highly protected tank with a crew of two with separated compartments was later patented by Spetsmash OJSC. A similar project was also proposed by the German Blohm und Foss, but was not developed.
The real predecessor of the T-14, embodied in metal, was the "Object 195", better known under the designation T-95. The tank was under development at the UKBTM design bureau (Nizhny Tagil) from 1990 to 2010, and despite the fact that photos and videos with this vehicle have already appeared on the Web, most of the information about it remains secret. After that, the rationale for refusing to continue work on the object in 2010 under the pretext of its "moral obsolescence" seems far-fetched. However, according to the source of the VZGLYAD newspaper in the industry, the normal financing of "Armata" began only after the removal of Anatoly Serdyukov from the post of Minister of Defense: the "furniture maker" did not stay at the post for that ... In fact, many developments tested during the creation of "Objects" 195 and 640 (the latter is better known to the public as the "Black Eagle").

The advantages of the exploded layout are quite obvious. Firstly, it allows you to significantly reduce the reserved volume - and at the same time provide the crew with equal-strength all-round protection of a greater equivalent thickness. If the ammunition load is damaged and ignited, a local fire will not affect either the sealed volume of fuel or the crew at work. In turn, if a sealed volume of fuel is damaged, a local fire in the engine compartment will not affect the ammunition, separated from the fire by a partition, and, again, the crew. At the same time, the introduction of an additional partition creates additional structural rigidity of the entire bottom (during a mine explosion, it deforms under the influence of a shock wave), and the gap between the bottom and the automatic loader will allow you to save the operation of the machine. The crew, on the other hand, is completely isolated from both ammunition and fuel tanks.

The design of the combat module leaves no doubt that part of the ammo was taken out of the uninhabited tower into the turret box, which should favorably affect the survivability of the tank (in general, this element suspiciously resembles a similar design used on the T-90SM tank). It must be assumed that part of the automatic loader is also located there. One can only guess what the design of the machine is - single-threaded or double-threaded. Both have their advantages, and it seems that the designers, when choosing, took into account the experience of recent local conflicts.
Also, this decision increases the modernization potential of the tank, allowing you to replace the combat module with a more advanced one without significant changes in the basic design. Now the module is apparently equipped with a 125-mm 2A82 smoothbore gun with an auto-bonded and partially chrome-plated barrel, capable of firing both existing and advanced ammunition. In terms of technical level, it surpasses all existing tank guns by 1.2-1.25 times. Thus, the muzzle energy of the 2A82 gun is 1.17 times greater than the best NATO gun - the 120-millimeter system of the Leopard-2A6 tank, while the length of the tube of our gun is 60 cm less. Another thing is that when creating the "Object 195" it was planned to decisively increase its firepower by equipping the tank with a 152-millimeter 2A83 gun. It is possible that this topic may return in the foreseeable future. Another option is to equip the tank with an electromagnetic gun, the "railgun".
It is also important to note the chassis, consisting of seven rollers, while the Russian school is characterized by a six-wheel chassis. At the same time, the rollers themselves are similar to those that were developed in Leningrad for the T-80 (now they are massively used on auxiliary equipment and self-propelled units). The introduction of an additional roller allows, on the one hand, to increase the mass of the upper frontal part of the armored hull, which is very important in the presence of modern anti-tank weapons attacking from above, and on the other hand, to optimally set the location of the center of gravity of the vehicle. The fact that the tank is superbly balanced can be seen on the footage of the T-14 driving onto the trailer platform with a huge front end. It is also noteworthy that the suspension of the car is clearly adaptive, “intelligent”, like on F-1 cars. Judging by the characteristic whistling sound that accompanied some maneuvers, the suspension control system is pneumatic or hydropneumatic.

The tank has just amazing dynamics, you can feel the excess power. At the same time, the power plant is clearly a diesel engine (estimated with a capacity of 1300-1500 forces). It is possible (but not necessary) that the tank is driven by a four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder diesel turbo-piston engine 12N360 developed by the Chelyabinsk GSKB Transdiesel (manufacturer - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant).

Industry publications claim that the motor has passed a full cycle of state tests by 2011 and is now fully prepared for mass production. According to the test results, the engine life of a diesel engine is at least 2000 hours. This is an excellent (compared to any competitors) indicator, especially considering that the resource of domestic engines has long been their weak point. If, as experts say “in the ear”, the 12N360 is really capable of developing one and a half thousand “horses”, and the mass of the T-14 does not exceed 55 tons, then in terms of specific power of 27.3 liters. with. per ton, the Russian tank is superior to the Abrams of the latest modification M1A2 (22.3 hp / t, despite the fact that the "American" is equipped with a gas turbine engine), "Leopard-2A6M" (22.1) and "Challenger-2" (19 ,one). Only the French "Leclerc" and the latest Japanese "Type 10" of 2012 are equal to it in this parameter. With such a power-to-weight ratio, the maximum speed of the T-14 should be at the level of 75 km / h. Note that the most advanced Russian tank T-90 today in the most massive modification has this figure at the level of 21.6 liters. s. / t and develops a speed of 60 km / h.
Returning to the passive protection of the tank, attention is drawn to the powerful armor protection of the sides, similar to the one that was developed for the T-72 as a "kit for combat in the city." Volumetric blocks of dynamic protection are neatly fitted to the silhouette of the car and, probably, should be easily removed for transportation along the railway. Lattices on the stern are similar to those used on the T-90SM. In general, the predatory, narrow nose of the tank, which implies the most powerful protection of the crew in the forward projection, is undoubtedly designed against another threat, which has been practically forgotten in recent years. The streamlined shape of the nose should withstand the shock wave of a nuclear explosion, preventing the vehicle from tipping over. Tank "third world"? Yes, if you like.
From open sources, the brand of armor steel is also known, which is used in the design of the T-14, not only for armor protection elements, but also as a structural material. The new armor of the 44S-sv-Sh brand was created by JSC Research Institute of Steel and was presented at the Interpolitech-2014 exhibition. It is reported that this material has increased strength compared to commercial steels, but retains the same ductility. This will save hundreds of kilograms of vehicle weight by reducing the thickness of armored parts without compromising their durability.

Obviously, in modern conditions, passive protection alone is not enough: means of destruction are being improved at a faster pace. And, judging by its appearance, "Armata" has a good arsenal of active self-defense. The first thing that is noticeable to the eye is the antennas and sensors of the active mine protection system with an electromagnetic fuse located in front of the fenders (and these are now the majority). The complex distorts the magnetic signature of the protected object, forcing the mines to work outside the projection of the tank, or blocks their work. Judging by its appearance, this is either a mass-produced SPMZ-2E system, or its further development.
The photo clearly shows that with a fairly powerful armor protection of the hull, the armor of the tower is facilitated by the use of the Afghanit active protection complex, the cylindrical launchers of which are visible on the lower belt of the tower.

In addition, next to the cap of the panorama, paired with a machine gun (also a legacy of the T-90SM), a KAZ radar is found.

Additional antennas, more precisely - phased antenna arrays, are visible in different places. It is curious that some Internet amateurs mistook them for "cardboard inserts."

However, there is an opinion that we see only a light casing of the tower, and the armor of critical systems and assemblies is hidden inside it.

The Afghanit system works on the principle of a “strike core”. In principle, the impact core, according to the principle of operation, resembles a cumulative pestle, however, it is not formed when a projectile hits an obstacle, but is formed by undermining a specially shaped metal-lined ammunition. The hot ball of molten metal thus obtained has the properties of a conventional kinetic armor-piercing projectile (such as a sub-caliber, in jargon - “scrap”, “blank”), dispersed to a speed of several thousand meters per second. At the same time, the shape of the charge is selected so that after the shot, the impact core is extended in flight, forming, as it were, a head and a “skirt”-stabilizer in the rear. Each mortar of the "Afghanit" system is equipped with several dozens of such charges, which are fired at the signal of the radar in the direction of the target from one or another mortar. Interception of targets is possible at a distance of up to 200 meters (the core quickly loses kinetic energy). It is alleged that this system is capable of intercepting any ammunition attacking a tank: from ATGMs to artillery shells, as well as aircraft rockets and grenades from hand grenade launchers. The minimum interception distance, according to some sources, is about four meters.
Mortars "Afghanita" are concentrated mainly in front of the tower, which is natural. Studies have shown that hits achieved in dueling situations (i.e. tank versus anti-tank weapon) at long ranges usually show the so-called "Whitticker" or "cardiod" distribution, according to which 44% of tank hits fall in the 60 ° sector, and 36% in the 45° sector. For this reason, the tanks are protected by armor in the frontal sector especially strongly. However, there are two mortars in the rear hemisphere. In addition, launchers of another KAZ, of a previously unknown type, were mounted at the top of the tower. Perhaps this is one of the complexes designed to protect against strikes from above (for example, ATGMs of the Javelin type).

Considering that the crew is located in an armored capsule and is deprived of the possibility of observing the terrain and the battlefield through optical viewing devices, the tank is abundantly equipped with various kinds of television and thermal imaging cameras, perhaps even in excess - for the sake of redundancy in case of failure of some of them. There are so many different windows that some were even painted over "as unnecessary" in preparation for the parade.
It is still difficult to judge the fire control system, in addition to the mentioned commander's panorama. In addition, in the frontal part of the turret on the right, a large niche is visible, covered with an armored shutter, which is probably intended for a gunner's sight with a night channel. However, it is possible that this device rises above the roof of the tower through the hatch in it, clearly visible in the photo above.
Concluding the story about the new machine, we can say that in modern history there are few such revolutionary weapons. The T-14, perhaps, can only be compared with the English battleship Dreadnought, launched in 1906, after which all squadron battleships of the pre-dreadnought type in all fleets of the world, without exception, instantly became obsolete. Of course, a slightly different tank will go into a large series, perhaps with a 152-mm gun, which there is simply nothing to oppose from the word “generally”.
One thing is certain - the Russian tank will determine the main trends in world tank building for the next 20-30 years.

It is too early to evaluate or analyze anything at the expense of the latest Russian T-14 tank. Therefore, for now, I’ll just lay out in one place all the currently available photos of him.

Judging by the appearance, the car is somewhat different from the previously discussed concepts. Something like this was expected:

and even this:

In practice, the machine turned out to be somewhat different:

In terms of physical dimensions, the T-14 "Armata" is somewhat longer and taller, if we consider the maximum dimensions.

For reference, the performance characteristics of the main modern tanks are as follows

However, if you look at really significant parameters, for example, compare the height along the tower, then the Armata turned out to be only 30 cm higher than the Abrams. Which is hardly so fundamentally important, given the firing range of modern weapons.

The overall layout of the machine as a whole also coincided with the forecasts. Something like this was expected:

In reality, it turned out to be close:

The engine compartment is at the back, the armored capsule with the crew is at the front. True, the presence of only two hatches suggests that the size of the tank crew has been reduced to two people. Theoretically, one more crew member can be placed between the commander and the mechanic. But do not forget that he needs a place not just to sit, but also space to accommodate equipment “to work”. So, the presence of the volume necessary for the third crew member in the armored case raises some doubts. However, to combine the functionality of a tank commander and a gunner in one person ... also does not look like the right decision. This was convincingly shown by WWII. It is unlikely that the designers decided to ignore this experience. So it's worth waiting for more information.

As for the tower, it is indeed completely uninhabited.

Judging by the absence of standard attachment points for any external additional elements on the turret armor, their installation “in the field” is not provided. However, it is too early to draw conclusions from this fact.

Firstly, the uninhabitedness of the tower dramatically reduces the requirements for the minimum armored volume. This means, relatively speaking, it can all be one big solid piece of metal. Including - to provide for the installation of some protection elements behind the external decorative casings. In the end, the design of the sides clearly indicates the presence of remote sensing there.

Secondly, one should not exclude the possibility of an attempt to deliberately mislead. It is quite obvious that this demonstration of the newest Russian tank has attracted the extremely close attention of all the intelligence services of “our potential conditional friends.” Those. the towers of production vehicles will look a little different. Although, I emphasize, this is just an assumption. More precisely - one of the possible options. More data needs to be collected to reach final conclusions.

An excellent, in my opinion, general analysis of the currently available facts about the design of the T-14 “Armata” was carried out on the website “VPK News” in the article “Tank T-14 “Armata” or T-99 “Priority”. I recommend reading. There are many interesting things there. Here I will allow myself to quote only a few selected passages.

Armor

The new armor steel grade 44S-sv-Sh will be used on the new Russian tank "Armata". The steel was created by the specialists of OAO Research Institute of Steel.

A sample of steel 44S-sv-Sh 25 mm thick after successful tests with a B32 armor-piercing bullet of 12.7 mm caliber Photo: JSC "Steel Research Institute"

The use of this steel on the promising Armata platform will make it possible to “remove” hundreds of kilograms of weight from the vehicle, where it will also be used not only for armor purposes, but also as a structural material.

Although the hardness of the steel is not less than 54HRC, its plastic characteristics remain at the level of serial steels having a hardness of 45-48HRC. It is this combination that makes it possible to reduce the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of armored structures made of new steel by 15% without reducing the protective characteristics and survivability at low temperatures.

Power point

The power plant is a single 1200-horsepower diesel turbo piston engine A-85-3A (sometimes referred to as 2A12-3, 12CHN15 / 16 or 12H360) for front- and rear-located MTO. Motor resource not less than 2000 hours. Weight up to 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3. There is a possibility of modernization. In terms of size, weight and power characteristics, the novelty should surpass the best foreign models of motor-transmission units. it should be noted that the rated power of the engine is 1500 hp, up to 1200 hp. a restriction was introduced, which significantly increased the motor resource.

Technical characteristics of the A-85-3A (12N360) engine for the promising Russian platform Armata:

Engine type - four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intermediate air cooling.

Mixing system - direct fuel injection

Engine power without resistance at the inlet and outlet, kW (hp) - 1103 (1500)

Rotation frequency, s-1 (rpm) - 33.3 (2000)

Torque reserve,% - 25

Specific fuel consumption, g/kW*h (g/hp*h) - 217.9 (160)

Weight, kg - 1550

Specific power, kW / kg (hp / kg) - 0.74 (1.0)

Overall power, kW/kg (hp/kg) - 1026 (1395)

Specific gravity, kg / kW - 1.32

Length, mm - 813

Width, mm - 1300

Height, mm - 820

The 12N360 engine is a fully mastered engine, by no means a bench one, it was exactly the same on our promising tanks (object 195), which passed state tests not so long ago. In terms of the power plant, the GI was completed successfully, the engine had no complaints - despite the fact that the tests were very tough.

A gun

Based on reports about the refusal to bring the T-95 tank with a 152-mm cannon to the series, it can be argued that it is planned to equip the new vehicle with a regular main 125-mm gun

Until recently, versions of the well-known 2A46M tank gun were the main domestic cannon. The latest modification 2A46M-5 has a firing accuracy of 15-20% higher, the total dispersion when firing from the move has decreased by 1.7 times. Thanks to improvements, the gun acquired the ability to fire new armor-piercing sub-caliber shells of increased power.

The best Western gun is currently considered the 120-mm L 55 smoothbore gun with a barrel length of 55 calibers of the Leopard-2A6 tank. Compared to the old 120 mm L-44 smoothbore gun, the L-55 barrel length has been increased by 130 cm.

The DM-53 and DM-63 shells used on this gun have very high armor penetration characteristics. And this is despite the fact that, unlike American ammunition, the Germans do not use depleted uranium as a core material.

Of course, when creating a Russian main battle tank based on a heavy unified platform, much attention was paid to ensuring high performance in terms of firepower.

In the 2000s, a new 125 mm 2A82 tank gun was created in Russia. By the fall of 2006, 787, 613 and 554 shots were fired from the prototype and two prototypes at Zavod No. 9, respectively.

The system, with an auto-bonded and partially chrome-plated barrel, is capable of firing both existing and advanced ammunition. In terms of technical level, it surpasses all existing tank guns by 1.2-1.25 times.

The muzzle energy of the 2A82 gun is 1.17 times higher than the best NATO gun - the 120-mm system of the Leopard-2A6 tank, while the length of the tube of our gun is 60 cm shorter.

Mounting of trunnion clips in the turret with a reverse wedge has been introduced. The rear support of the retractable parts is located in the cage part of the cradle. The mouth of a cradle is extended by 160 mm. In the neck of the cradle, the rigidity of which is increased, there are two additional backlash-selecting devices. Both guide cradles are made as a prism.

These measures made it possible to reduce the average technical dispersion for all types of projectiles by 15% against the table values.

It was decided to modernize the 2A82 gun for "Armata" by lengthening the barrel by a whole meter - up to 7m. To automatically take into account the bending of the bore on the muzzle of the barrel tube, a reflector of the bending accounting device (CUI) is provided.

The digital signal processing adopted in the device ensures the measurement of the required barrel parameters in a wide range of interference and operational impacts. The received data are issued as corrections to the ballistic computer, which improves the accuracy of shooting.

"Armata" will fire both projectiles of various types (high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing sub-caliber, cumulative), and ground-to-ground guided missiles with optoelectronic, infrared and satellite guidance, as well as surface-to-air anti-aircraft missiles ". In fact, this is not a tank, but a universal strike vehicle of the ground forces, which includes a full-fledged tactical missile system, an anti-aircraft defense system, an army reconnaissance and target designation complex, and, in fact, a tank.

fire control system

Aiming complex:

The main gunner's sight is multi-channel with sighting and thermal imaging channels, a laser rangefinder, and a built-in laser control channel.

Enlargement of the sighting channel, multiplicity - 4; 12.

Target recognition range of the "tank" type through the sighting channel, m - up to 5000.

Target recognition range of the "tank" type through the TP channel, m not less than 3500.

The maximum range measured by the rangefinder, m - 7500.

The commander's sight is a combined panoramic sight with television and thermal imaging channels, a laser rangefinder.

Target recognition range of the "tank" type through the TV channel, m up to 5000.

Target recognition range of the "tank" type at night through the TP channel, m not less than 3500.

Sight-understudy with a dependent line of sight.

Target recognition range of the “tank” type, m:

a day at least 2000,

at twilight at least 1000.

Ballistic calculator with a set of sensors for meteorological and topographical conditions and a sensor for accounting for the bending of the barrel electronic digital

The possibility of automatic tracking of targets is provided independently from the gunner's position and from the commander's position with the implementation of the “hunter-shooter” mode.

Armament stabilizer improved two-plane with electromechanical drive GN and electro-hydraulic VN.

The promising Armata tank will be equipped with radars of the same technology as the fifth-generation T-50 fighter. According to the terms of reference of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Armata will receive Ka-band radars (26.5-40 GHz) based on an active phased antenna array (AFAR), made using low-temperature ceramic technology.

The body is crammed with video cameras. They allow the crew to observe the circular situation around the tank. If required, the zoom is turned on, and the distant object can be considered in detail. There is the possibility of thermal imaging and infrared vision in all weather conditions, day and night.

An active phased array antenna consists of many cells - microwave transmitters. Such an antenna is capable of quickly changing the direction of the location (no mechanical movement of the "dish" of the locator is required) and is highly reliable - the failure of one element does not lead to a significant drop in power and beam distortion. Such a radar in armored vehicles will be indispensable in solving both defensive and offensive tasks. There are two options for its use - as part of a fire control system or as an active protection complex. It includes an antenna that detects weapons flying up to the tank. AFAR will determine the coordinates and parameters of such a threat, and the tank will destroy these targets.

The system is capable of simultaneously "leading" up to 40 dynamic and up to 25 aerodynamic targets - a completely unattainable indicator for all radars in service with other armies. The system will control the territory within a radius of up to 100 kilometers and will be able to automatically destroy targets up to 0.3 meters in size in this territory.

TTX of a promising Russian tank "Armata"

Armored crew capsule - yes

Main gun mm. - 125 (2A82)

Gun ammunition in pcs. - 45

Automatic loader pcs. - 32

Combat rate of fire in min. - 10-12

Target detection range m. - over 5000

Target range m. - 7000-8000

Fire on the move - yes

Commander's panoramic sight - yes

Surround cameras - yes

Aiming and fire control system - yes

Combat control and navigation system - yes

Thermal imager - yes

Mine protection - active

Active Defense - Afghanite

Dynamic protection - yes

HP engine - 1200-2000

Engine replacement hour. - 0.5

Additional power plant - yes

Maximum weight t. - 48

Maximum speed km / h - 80-90

Power reserve km. - over 500

Length mm. -

Width mm. -

Height mm. -

Crew - 3

Number of track rollers, pcs. - 7

Armor resistance mm. - over 900

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TTX tank Armata T-14

Multi-level protection of the Armata tank

Arrangement of nodes and modules of Almaty

T-14 Armata tank turret

Active protection complex "Afganit"

New steel for Armata tank armor

Chassis and engine of Almaty

Tracked platform Armata - universal combat transformer

History and prerequisites for the creation of a new tank "Armata"

Another way

The concept of network-centric warfare

Tank 4th generation

Platform "Armata"

The main features of the T-14 "Armata" tank

Infographics and location of modules in the T-14 tank

Radar complex

Target detection systems in the infrared and ultraviolet range

Active protection complex "Afganit"

Complex of dynamic protection "Malachite"

Armament of the T-14 tank

Reservation of the T-14 tank

Tower T-14

stealth technology

Engine

active suspension

Tank information and control system

Defense Order

Other combat vehicles on the Armata platform

Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) T-15 "Armata"

Armored recovery vehicle (BREM) T-16 "Armata"

Self-propelled artillery mount (SAU) "Coalition-SV"

Prospects for the use of the tank "Armata"

Conclusion

History and prerequisites for the creation of a new tank "Armata"

Another way

The concept of network-centric warfare

Tank 4th generation

Platform "Armata"

The main features of the T-14 "Armata" tank

Infographics and location of modules in the T-14 tank

Radar complex

Target detection systems in the infrared and ultraviolet range

Active protection complex "Afganit"

Complex of dynamic protection "Malachite"

Armament of the T-14 tank

Reservation of the T-14 tank

Tower T-14

stealth technology

Engine

active suspension

Tank information and control system

Defense Order

Other combat vehicles on the Armata platform

Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) T-15 "Armata"

Armored recovery vehicle (BREM) T-16 "Armata"

Self-propelled artillery mount (SAU) "Coalition-SV"

Prospects for the use of the tank "Armata"

Conclusion

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