Stylistic features of journalism. Journalistic style: features and examples. General functions of language in journalistic style

03.03.2020

Journalistic style

Plan

I . Introduction.

II . Journalistic style.

3. Genres of journalism.

III . Conclusion

I . Introduction

The Russian language is heterogeneous in its composition. In it, first of all, the literary language is distinguished. This is the highest form of the national language, determined by a whole system of norms. They cover its written and oral variety: pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammar.

Literary language, depending on where and for what it is used, is divided into a number of styles.

Speech styles

Spoken Book

(scientific, official business,

journalistic style

fiction)

The styles of the Russian literary language are characterized by:

the goal pursued by the speech statement (scientific style is used to communicate scientific information, explain scientific facts; journalistic style - to influence the word through the media and directly to the speaker; official business style - to inform);

scope of use, environment;

genres;

linguistic (lexical, syntactic) means;

other style features.

II . Journalistic style

1. Characteristics of the journalistic style.

Journalistic style addressed to listeners, readers, this is already evidenced by the origin of the word (publicus , lat. - public).

The journalistic style of speech is a functional variety of the literary language and is widely used in various areas of public life: in newspapers and magazines, on television and radio, in public political speeches, in the activities of parties and public associations. Political literature for the mass reader and documentaries should also be added here.

Publicistic style occupies a special place in the system of styles of the literary language, since in many cases it must process texts created within other styles. Scientific and business speech is focused on the intellectual reflection of reality, artistic speech - on its emotional reflection. Publicism plays a special role - it seeks to satisfy both intellectual and aesthetic needs. The outstanding French linguist C. Bally wrote that "scientific language is the language of ideas, and artistic speech is the language of feelings." To this we can add that journalism is the language of both thoughts and feelings. The importance of topics covered by the media requires thorough reflection and appropriate means of logical presentation of thought, and the expression of the author's attitude to events impossible without the use of emotional means of language.

2. Features of journalistic style.

Scope of publicistic style : speeches, reports, debates, articles on socio-political topics (newspapers, magazines, radio, television).

The main function of the works of journalistic style: agitation, propaganda, discussion of pressing social, public issues with the aim of attracting public opinion to them, influencing people, persuading them, suggesting certain ideas; motivation to do something or other.

Tasks of publicistic style speech : the transfer of information about topical issues of modern life in order to influence people, the formation of public opinion.

Characteristics of the statement : appeal, passion, expression of attitude to the subject of speech, conciseness with informative saturation.

Features of journalistic style : relevance, timeliness, efficiency, figurativeness, expressiveness, clarity and consistency, information richness, the use of other styles (especially artistic and scientific), general accessibility (comprehensibility to a wide audience), invocative pathos.

Genres of journalistic style : essays, articles in the media (newspapers, magazines, on the Internet), discussions, political debates.

Style Features Keywords: logic, figurativeness, emotionality, appraisal, genre diversity.

Language tools : socio-political vocabulary and phraseology, words with an emphasized positive or negative meaning, proverbs, sayings, quotations, figurative and expressive means of the language (metaphors, epithets, comparisons, inversion, etc.), syntactic constructions of book and colloquial speech, simple (full and incomplete) sentences, rhetorical questions, appeals.

Form and type of speech: written (oral is also possible); monologue, dialogue, polylogue.

3. Genres of journalism.

Journalism is rooted in antiquity. Publicistic pathos permeated many biblical texts, the works of ancient scientists and orators that have survived to this day. Genres of journalism were present in the literature of Ancient Russia. A vivid example of a work of journalism of ancient Russian literature” is “The Tale of Igor's Campaign” (a genre of journalism is a word). Over the millennia, journalism has developed in many respects, including genre.

The genre repertoire of modern journalism is also diverse, not inferior to fiction. Here is a reportage, and notes, and chronicle information, and an interview, and an editorial, and a report, and an essay, and a feuilleton, and a review, and other genres.

1) Essay as a genre of journalism.

One of the most common genres of journalism is the essay.Feature article - a short literary work, a brief description of life events (usually socially significant). Distinguish between documentary, journalistic, everyday essays.

There are small essays published in newspapers, and large ones published in magazines, and entire essay books.

A characteristic feature of the essay is documentary, the reliability of the facts and events in question. In the essay, as well as in a work of art, visual means are used, an element of artistic typification is introduced.

The essay, like other genres of journalism, always raises some important issue.

2) Oral presentation as a genre of journalism.

oral presentation also belongs to the journalistic genre.

An important distinguishing feature of oral presentation is the interest of the speaker - a guarantee that your speech will arouse the reciprocal interest of the audience. Oral presentation should not be drawn out: after 5-10 minutes, the attention of the listeners becomes dull. The speaker's speech should contain one main idea that the author wants to convey to the audience. In such a speech, colloquial expressions are allowed, the active use of oratory techniques: rhetorical questions, appeals, exclamations, simpler syntax compared to written speech.

It is important to prepare such a speech: think over a plan, pick up arguments, examples, conclusions, so as not to read “on a piece of paper”, but to convince the audience. If a person owns the subject of his speech, has his own point of view, proves it, this causes respect, interest, and hence the attention of the audience.

3) Report as a genre of journalism.

The most difficult form of oral presentations isreport . In this case, you can use pre-prepared notes, but do not abuse reading, otherwise the speaker will stop listening. The report usually concerns any field of knowledge: it can be a scientific report, a report-report. The report requires clarity, consistency, evidence, accessibility. In the course of the report, you can read vivid quotes, demonstrate graphs, tables, illustrations (they should be clearly visible to the audience).

4) Discussion as a genre of journalism.

The report can be a starting pointdiscussions , that is, the discussion of any controversial issue. It is important to clearly define the subject of discussion. Otherwise, it is doomed to failure: each participant in the dispute will speak about his own. It is necessary to argue with reason, to give convincing arguments.

III . Conclusion

Publicistic style is a very important style, with the help of it you can convey what cannot be conveyed by other styles of speech.Among the main linguistic features of the journalistic style, one should mention the fundamental heterogeneity of stylistic means; the use of special terminology and emotionally colored vocabulary, a combination of standard and expressive means of the language, the use of both abstract and concrete vocabulary. An important feature of journalism is the use of the most typical ways of presenting the material for a given moment of public life, the most frequent lexical units, phraseological units and metaphorical uses of a word characteristic of a given time. The relevance of the content makes the journalist look for relevant forms of its expression, generally understandable and at the same time distinguished by freshness and novelty.Publicism is the main sphere of origin and the most active channel for the spread of linguistic neologisms: lexical, word-formation, phraseological. Therefore, this style has a significant impact on the development of the language norm.

References

1. A.I. Vlasenkov, L.M. Rybchenkova. Russian language. 10-11 grades. Textbook for educational institutions. A basic level of. M., "Enlightenment", 2010.

2. V.F. Grekov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.A. Cheshko. Russian language. 10-11 grades. Textbook for educational institutions. M., "Enlightenment", 2010.

3. Deikina A.D., Pakhnova T.M. Russian language (basic and specialized levels).10-11 grades. Textbook for educational institutions. M.Verbum-M, 2005

4. N.A. Senina. Russian language. Preparation for the exam-2012. Rostov-on-Don, Legion, 2011

1. Definition

In various textbooks on stylistics, the journalistic style was also called newspaper-journalistic, newspaper style, socio-political style. The name "journalistic style" seems to be more accurate, since other variants of the name more narrowly define the scope of its functioning. The name "newspaper style" is explained by the history of the formation of this style: its speech features took shape precisely in periodicals and, above all, in newspapers. Today, however, this style functions not only in print, but also in electronic media: it would also be fair to call it "television" style. Another name - socio-political style - more accurately indicates the close connection of the style under discussion with social and political life, but here it is worth remembering that this style also serves non-political spheres of communication: culture, sports, activities of public organizations (environmental, human rights and others).

The name of the journalistic style is closely connected with the concept of journalism, which is no longer linguistic, but literary, since it characterizes the content features of the works related to it.

Publicism is a kind of literature and journalism; examines current political, economic, literary, legal, philosophical and other problems of modern life in order to influence public opinion and existing political institutions, strengthen or change them in accordance with a certain class interest (in a class society) or social and moral ideal. The subject of a publicist is all modern life in its grandeur and smallness, private and public, real or reflected in the press, art, document. "This definition is given in the Brief Literary Encyclopedia" (M., 1971 vol. 6 Stb. 72). If omit the mention of class interest, this definition quite accurately reflects the place and role of journalism among works of literature and journalism, and will also allow us to further understand the stylistic features of journalistic works.

In another encyclopedic edition we find the following definition:

Publicism is a kind of works devoted to topical problems and phenomena of the current life of society. It plays an important political and ideological role, influences the activities of social institutions, serves as a means of public education, agitation and propaganda, a way of organizing and transmitting social information. Publicism exists

in verbal (written and oral),

Graphically pictorial (poster, caricature),

photography and cinematography (documentary films, television),

theatrical and dramatic

and verbal and musical forms.

Publicism is often used in artistic and scientific works. ("Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary" M., 1990 S. 1091). The concepts of journalism and journalistic style, as can be seen from these definitions, do not completely coincide. Journalism is a kind of literature, journalistic style is functional variety of language.Works of other styles may differ in journalistic orientation, for example, scientific articles devoted to current economic problems.On the other hand, a text that is journalistic in style may not belong to this type of literature due to the purely informational nature or the irrelevance of the problems discussed.

2. Style functions

The most important functions of journalistic style are informational and influencing. The informational function of texts related to this style is that the authors of such texts aim to inform the widest possible range of readers, viewers, listeners about problems that are significant for society and about the views of the authors on these problems.

The information function is inherent in all styles of speech. The specificity of the information function in a journalistic style lies in the nature of the information, its sources and addressees.

Television programs, newspaper and magazine articles inform the society about the most diverse aspects of its life: about parliamentary debates, about the economic programs of the government and parties, about incidents and crimes, about the state of the environment, about the daily life of citizens.

Information in journalistic texts not only describes the facts, but also reflects the opinions, moods, contains comments and thoughts of the authors. This distinguishes it from scientific information. Another difference is due to the fact that journalistic works are not tasked with a complete comprehensive description of a particular phenomenon, the publicist seeks to write, first of all, about what is of interest to certain social groups, highlighting those aspects of life that are important for his potential audience. .

Informing citizens about the state of affairs in socially significant areas is accompanied in journalistic texts by the implementation of the second most important function of this style - the function of influence. The publicist's goal is not only to tell about the state of affairs in society, but also to convince the audience of the need for a certain attitude to the facts presented and the need for a certain behavior. The journalistic style is characterized by open tendentiousness, polemicism, emotionality, which is precisely caused by the desire of the publicist to prove the correctness of his position.

The function of influence is a system-forming one for the publicistic style, it is it that distinguishes this style from other varieties of the literary language. Although this function is also characteristic of the official business and colloquial style, it actively influences the selection of language means in journalistic texts.

As an example of the implementation of these functions, let's consider a note from the Okrug newspaper dated 08/04/2001 entitled ""Prince Vladimir" is exiled to the province." The note has the subtitle "City officials support the Swedish commodity producer." She informs about the purchase of Swedish Volvo cars by the Moscow government and the City Council. At the same time, the note affects the reader, forming a certain attitude towards the position of the leaders, who verbally agitate for the support of the domestic commodity producer.

In various journalistic genres, which will be discussed later, one of these functions can act as a leading one, while it is important that the influence function does not crowd out the information function: the promotion of ideas useful to society should be based on complete and reliable information to the audience.

In addition to informational and influencing, journalistic style texts, of course, perform all other functions inherent in the language:

communicative,

the expressive

aesthetic.

3. General functions of the language in a journalistic style

The communicative function is the main function of the language and is manifested in all its forms. Since the journalistic style functions in the sphere of relations between various social groups, the role of this style in supporting public communication is enormous. The communicative nature of the journalistic style lies in the fact that its texts are created not for internal use and not for a single addressee (although in these cases the communicative aspect is present), but for the widest possible audience. Being at a considerable distance in space, the author of a journalistic text seeks to get closer to the addressee in terms of time, subject matter of messages, as well as speech stylistic features. Communication also involves feedback - the response of the addressee. For this style, the feedback is most clearly carried out in a situation of public discussion, but not only here. For a newspaper, feedback is letters from readers, answers from officials, articles sent in response to previous publications. Radio and television have moved from letters to phone calls from listeners and viewers, during which they can ask questions, express their opinions, and talk about events known to them. It is also widely used to attract viewers to filming television programs in studios. Modern interactive television is looking for new forms of maintaining contact with the audience.

The expressive function of language allows the speaker to express his feelings. The journalistic text usually clearly reflects the personality of the author, is distinguished by a clearly expressed and emotionally colored attitude of the author to the facts presented. Not all journalistic genres equally assume the expressiveness of the text: it is less likely for an informational note and more typical for an essay or pamphlet. On television, emotionality is less characteristic of newscasts and is mandatory for talk shows.

Here are some examples of expressive newspaper headlines:

"An old car in a new way. Moscow does not say goodbye to Czech trams", "Secret census. Moscow City Statistics Committee promises not to share information", "Mushroom picker is wrong 1 time", "You are taking a comrade on the right road! Three hours of socialism at Three Stations". These headings not only indicate the subject of the message, but emotionally characterize the situation that the note is about.

The aesthetic function of a journalistic text is the author's attitude to ensure that the message, in unity with the content, satisfies the aesthetic sense of the addressee.

The journalistic style is called the official style of the media (mass media), including reports, notes, interviews, etc. This style is more often used in written speech, less often in oral forms of the same reports or public speeches by political and public figures .

Examples of journalistic style:,.

Common features of this style include:

emotionality and figurativeness of speech - to create the necessary atmosphere;
appraisal and confidence - for interest;
logic of presentation based on irrefutable facts - to make the speech credible and informative;
call of readers (listeners) to action and public accessibility;
easy and clear presentation.

About what language means should not be used when working on a book, we will talk in the corresponding article.

Stay tuned!

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There are many definitions of the term "style". If we compare these definitions, we can distinguish general provisions: style is: 1) a type of literary language, 2) which functions (acts) in a certain area of social activity, 3) for which it uses the features of text construction and language means of expression defined for this style content. In other words, styles are the main largest speech varieties.

Various factors influence the formation and functioning of styles. Since style exists in speech, its formation is influenced by factors (conditions) that are associated with the life of society itself. These factors are called extralinguistic or extralinguistic. There are the following factors:

· Sphere of social activity: science, law, politics, art, domestic sphere;

Form of speech: written or oral;

Type of speech: monologue, dialogue, polylogue;

Method of communication: public or personal (all functional styles, except colloquial, refer to public communication);

· Genre of speech: in particular for journalistic style - note, article, reportage, etc.;

· Functions of communication.

Each style implements all the functions of the language (communication, message, influence, etc.), but only one is leading. For example, for a scientific style this is a message, for a journalistic style it is an impact. Based on these factors, the following styles of the Russian language are traditionally distinguished: scientific, official business, journalistic, colloquial and artistic.

Let's take a closer look at publicistic style.

The journalistic style is characteristic of the political sphere of society, functions in written and oral forms, manifests itself both in monologue and in dialogue and polylogue (discussion), is a public way of communication.

The purpose of journalistic texts is to inform citizens about events in the country and in the world, as well as to form public opinion. A feature of the journalistic style is the combination of the standard (stable linguistic forms of expression) and expression (linguistic means that affect the reader's emotions).

The journalistic style is represented by a variety of genres that have different tasks in the process of communication and function in different conditions. So, journalistic genres include newspaper political information, editorials, notes, feuilletons, pamphlets, lyrical and journalistic articles, as well as slogans, appeals, appeals to citizens of the country, reviews of films and performances, satirical notes, essays, reviews, that is, all genres of mass communication (the language of newspapers, magazines, television and radio programs), as well as oral speech - public speeches on socio-political topics. Due to the variety of genres, the characteristic of journalistic style causes many difficulties.

It should be borne in mind that the journalistic style, like all other styles, is a historical phenomenon and is subject to change, but changes are more noticeable in it than in other styles, which are due to socio-political processes in society. So, even a non-specialist can see changes in the modern newspaper style in comparison, for example, with the language of newspapers at the beginning of the century: open conscription, sloganism, directiveness of newspapers have disappeared, modern newspapers strive at least for external argumentation of presentation, polemical publications. However, the characteristic stylistic features of journalism have been preserved.

The journalistic style is primarily characterized by the desire to influence the reader, the listener. So, the most important feature of the journalistic style is its influencing function, which can be designated by the linguistic term "expressive function". This function of journalistic style is inherent in all its genres in any socio-political conditions.

A characteristic feature of this style is also the information content of the presentation associated with the popularization function. The desire to communicate something new for the reader and listener ensures the success of journalistic genres. The peculiarity of the functioning of the journalistic genre, for example, in newspapers, the conditions for preparing the material, the different skill levels of numerous correspondents contribute to the emergence of standard language means in the texts of newspapers. The standard character of language means is generated both by repetition and by the fact that the search for expressive means is limited in time, and therefore ready-made expression formulas are used.

Thus, the typical features of a journalistic style are: the desire to influence the reader is an influencing function; information content; expressiveness due to the influencing function; the presence of a standard in the expression. The influencing function of the journalistic style determines the expressiveness of this style. Expressiveness is manifested primarily in the evaluation of events and phenomena. Evaluation is expressed by the use of adjectives, nouns, adverbs with the meaning of a positive or negative evaluation of the type: wonderful, most interesting, important, sufficient, grandiose, unprecedented, etc. Evaluation is also expressed by the use of high book vocabulary : daring, Motherland, Fatherland, mission, inspiration, feat of arms, etc. On the other hand, the assessment is expressed by colloquial and even colloquial vocabulary, for example: hype, frenzied, renegades, etc.

A sharp, apt, figurative assessment is expressed using metaphors, personification, for example: the news is in a hurry, spring is raging, slander and hypocrisy are walking side by side.

In the journalistic style, foreign words and elements of words are actively used, in particular prefixes a-, anti-, pro-, neo-. ultra- (anti-constitutional, ultra-right, etc.). It is thanks to the media that the active vocabulary of foreign words that make up the Russian language has recently been significantly replenished - privatization, electorate, denomination and others. Evaluation can also be expressed using word-building means, for example, superlative suffixes for adjectives, evaluation suffixes for nouns: the highest, the most interesting, the most important, group action, hazing, assault.

The syntax of the newspaper-journalistic style of speech also has its own characteristics associated with the active use of emotionally and expressive-colored constructions: exclamatory and interrogative sentences, sentences with appeal, rhetorical questions, repetitions, dissected constructions, etc. The desire for expression determines the use of constructions with colloquial coloring: particles, interjections, inversions, non-union sentences, the omission of one or another member of the sentence, etc. Often the assessment is already expressed in the headings, so the requirements for expressiveness and catchiness are imposed on the title of the articles. Expressiveness is thus expressed by a variety of linguistic means, including the structure of the sentence.

The informativeness of the journalistic style is achieved:

a) documentary and factual manner of presentation through the use of special terms, special vocabulary, professional words;

b) the generalization of the presentation, its analyticity;

c) "neutrality" of presentation, which is facilitated by non-expressive vocabulary; complex syntactic constructions are used, especially with a subordinating connection.

A characteristic feature of the journalistic style is the presence of special newspaper standards, special newspaper phraseology, newspaper clichés appear, for example: make a huge contribution, work with a twinkle, honor sacredly, increase martial traditions, universal values, etc.

The journalistic style uses linguistic means of different styles, however, the main style features of the journalistic style stand out very clearly, and the journalistic style is a special phenomenon, combining such features as expressiveness and standard, informativeness and popularization.

The word journalistic is derived from the Latin word publicus, which means "public, state."

The words journalism (socio-political literature on modern, topical topics) and publicist (author of works on socio-political topics) are cognate with the word journalistic.

Etymologically, all these words are related to the word public, which has two meanings:

1) visitors, spectators, listeners;

2) people, people.

The purpose of the journalistic style of speech - informing, transferring socially significant information with a simultaneous impact on the reader, listener, convincing him of something, suggesting certain ideas, views to him, encouraging him to certain actions, actions.

Scope of publicistic style of speech - socio-economic, political, cultural relations.

Genres of journalism - an article in a newspaper, magazine, essay, reportage, interview, feuilleton, oratorical speech, judicial speech, speech on radio, television, at a meeting, report.

For journalistic style of speech characteristic:

logic,

Imagery,

emotionality,

appraisal,

Invocation

and their corresponding language tools.

It widely uses socio-political vocabulary, various types of syntactic constructions.

Publicistic text is often built like scientific reasoning: an important social problem is put forward, possible ways of solving it are analyzed and evaluated, generalizations and conclusions are made, the material is arranged in a strict logical sequence, general scientific terminology is used. This brings him closer to the scientific style.

Publicistic speeches differ in reliability, accuracy of facts, specificity, strict validity. It also brings him closer to the scientific style of speech.

On the other hand, for journalistic speech characteristic passion, lust. The most important requirement for journalism is public accessibility: It is designed for a wide audience and should be understood by everyone.

The journalistic style has much in common with the artistic style of speech. In order to effectively influence the reader or listener, his imagination and feelings, the speaker or writer uses epithets, comparisons, metaphors and other figurative means, resorts to the help of colloquial and even colloquial words and phrases, phraseological expressions that reinforce emotional impact of speech.

Publicistic articles by V. G. Belinsky, N.A. Dobrolyubova, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.V. Shelgunov, historians V.S. Solovieva, V.O. Klyuchevsky, V.V. Rozanova, N.A. Berdyaev, speeches by prominent Russian lawyers A.F. Koni, F.N. Plevako.

M. Gorky turned to journalistic genres (the cycles “On Modernity”, “In America”, “Notes on Philistinism”, “Untimely Thoughts”), V.G. Korolenko (letters to A.V. Lunacharsky), M.A. Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, L.M. Leonov, I.G. Ehrenburg.

The writers S. Zalygin, V.G. Rasputin, D.A. Granin, V. Lakshin, Academician D.S. Likhachev.

The journalistic style (as mentioned earlier) includes the speech of the defender or prosecutor in court. And the fate of a person often depends on their oratory, the ability to master the word.

Lexical features of journalistic style

The journalistic style of speech is characterized by the widespread use of socio-political vocabulary, as well as vocabulary denoting the concepts of morality, ethics, medicine, economics, culture, words from the field of psychology, words denoting the internal state, human experiences, etc.

In a journalistic style, words are often used: with prefixes a-, anti-, de-, inter-, times (s), with suffixes -i (ya), -qi (ya), -izatsi (ya), -izm, - ist; with roots close in meaning to prefixes, all-, general-, super-. Compound and complex abbreviated words, stable turns of speech are widely used in the genres of journalism.

Emotional means of expression in the journalistic style of speech

The vocabulary of the journalistic style is characterized by the use of figurative means, the figurative meaning of words, words with a bright emotional coloring.

The means of emotional influence used in this style of speech are diverse. For the most part, they resemble the figurative and expressive means of the artistic style of speech, with the difference, however, that their main appointment becomes not the creation of artistic images, namely impact on the reader, listener, persuading him of something and informing, transferring information.

Emotional means of expressiveness of the language can include epithets (including those that are applications), comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical questions and appeals, lexical repetitions, gradation.

Gradation is sometimes combined with repetition (not a single week, not a single day, not a single minute can be lost), it can be enhanced by grammatical means: the use of gradational unions and allied combinations (not only ..., but also; not only ..., but and; not so much ... as).

This includes phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, colloquial turns of speech (including vernacular); the use of literary images, quotations, linguistic means of humor, irony, satire (witty comparisons, ironic inserts, satirical retelling, parody, puns).

The emotional means of the language are combined in a journalistic style with strict logical proof, semantic highlighting of especially important words, phrases, and individual parts of the statement.

Socio-political vocabulary is replenished as a result of the revival of previously known words, but with a new meaning. Such, for example, are the words: entrepreneur, business, market, etc.

Syntactic features of the journalistic style of speech

In the journalistic style of speech, as well as in the scientific one, nouns in the genitive case are often used as an inconsistent definition of the type of voice of the world, the countries of the near abroad. In sentences, verbs in the form of the imperative mood, reflexive verbs often act as a predicate.

The syntax of this style of speech is characterized by the use of homogeneous members, introductory words and sentences, participial and adverbial phrases, complex syntactic constructions.

Sample essay style text

As our correspondent reports, yesterday an unprecedented thunderstorm passed over the central regions of the Penza region. In a number of places, telegraph poles were knocked down, wires were torn, and hundred-year-old trees were uprooted. Fires broke out in two villages as a result of a lightning strike.

Added to this was another natural disaster: heavy rain in some places caused severe flooding. Some damage has been done to agriculture. Railway and road communication between neighboring regions was temporarily interrupted. (Informative note in the newspaper)