Consultation entertaining experiences in the kitchen. Experiments in the kitchen (for children and their parents). Boiled or raw egg

For ice cream you will need: cocoa, sugar, milk, sour cream. You can add grated chocolate, waffle crumbs or small pieces of cookies to it. Mix two tablespoons of cocoa, one tablespoon of sugar, four tablespoons of milk and two tablespoons of sour cream in a bowl. Add cookie and chocolate crumbs. Ice cream is ready. Now it needs to be cooled down. Take a larger bowl, put ice in it, sprinkle it with salt, mix. Place a bowl of ice cream on top of ice and cover with a towel to keep heat out. Stir ice cream every 3-5 minutes. If you have enough patience, then after about 30 minutes the ice cream will thicken and you can try it. Tasty?

How does our homemade refrigerator work? It is known that ice melts at a temperature of zero degrees. Salt also delays the cold, does not allow the ice to melt quickly. Therefore, salt ice keeps cold longer. Moreover, the towel does not allow warm air to penetrate to the ice cream. And the result? Ice cream is beyond praise!

Let's beat down the butter

If you live in the summer in the country, then you probably take natural milk from a thrush. Do experiments with milk with the children. Prepare a liter jar. Fill it with milk and refrigerate for 2-3 days. Show the children how the milk has separated into lighter cream and heavy skimmed milk. Collect the cream in a jar with an airtight lid. And if you have patience and free time, then shake the jar for half an hour in turns with the children until the balls of fat merge together and form oil lumps. Believe me, children have never eaten such delicious butter.

Homemade lollipops

Cooking is a fun activity. Now let's make homemade lollipops. To do this, you need to prepare a glass of warm water, in which to dissolve as much granulated sugar as it can dissolve. Then take a straw for a cocktail, tie a clean thread to it, attaching a small piece of pasta to the end of it (it is best to use small pasta). Now it remains to put the straw on top of the glass, across, and lower the end of the thread with pasta into the sugar solution. And be patient.

When the water from the glass begins to evaporate, the sugar molecules will begin to approach and sweet crystals will begin to settle on the thread and on the pasta, taking on bizarre shapes. Let your little one taste the lollipop. Tasty? The same lollipops will be much tastier if jam syrup is added to the sugar solution. Then you get lollipops with different tastes: cherry, blackcurrant and others that he wants.

"Roasted" sugar

Take two pieces of refined sugar. Moisten them with a few drops of water to make it moist, put in a stainless steel spoon and heat it for a few minutes over gas until the sugar melts and turns yellow. Don't let it burn. As soon as the sugar turns into a yellowish liquid, pour the contents of the spoon onto the saucer in small drops. Taste your candies with your children. Liked? Then open a candy factory!

Changing the color of cabbage

Together with your child, prepare a salad of finely chopped red cabbage, grated with salt, and pour it with vinegar and sugar. Watch the cabbage turn from purple to bright red. This is the effect of acetic acid. However, as the salad is stored, it may again turn purple or even turn blue. This happens because acetic acid is gradually diluted with cabbage juice, its concentration decreases and the color of the red cabbage dye changes. These are the transformations.

Why are unripe apples sour?

Unripe apples are high in starch and contain no sugar. Starch is an unsweetened substance. Let the child lick the starch, and he will be convinced of this. How do you know if a product contains starch? Make a weak solution of iodine. Drop them in a handful of flour, starch, on a piece of raw potato, on a slice of an unripe apple. The blue color that appears proves that all these products contain starch. Repeat the experiment with the apple when it is fully ripe. And you will probably be surprised that you will no longer find starch in an apple. But now it has sugar in it. So, fruit ripening is a chemical process of converting starch into sugar.

edible glue

Your child needed glue for crafts, but the jar of glue was empty? Don't rush to the store to buy. Weld it yourself. What is familiar to you is unusual to a child.

Cook him a small portion of thick jelly, showing him each of the steps of the process. For those who do not know: in boiling juice (or in water with jam), you need to pour, mixing thoroughly, a solution of starch diluted in a small amount of cold water, and bring to a boil. I think the child will be surprised that this glue-jelly can be eaten with a spoon, or you can glue crafts with it.

Homemade sparkling water

Remind your child that he is breathing air. Air is made up of various gases, but many of them are invisible and odorless, making them difficult to detect. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that make up the air and ... carbonated water. But it can be isolated at home.

Take two straws for a cocktail, but of different diameters, so that a few millimeters narrow fits snugly into a wider one. It turned out a long straw, made up of two. Make a vertical hole in the cork of a plastic bottle with a sharp object and insert either end of the straw there. If there are no straws of different diameters, then you can make a small vertical incision in one and stick it into another straw. The main thing is to get a tight connection.

Pour water diluted with any jam into a glass, and pour half a tablespoon of soda into a bottle through a funnel. Then pour vinegar into the bottle - about one hundred milliliters. Now you need to act very quickly: stick the cork with a straw into the bottle, and dip the other end of the straw into a glass of sweet water. What's going on in the glass? Explain to your child that the vinegar and baking soda have begun to actively interact with each other, releasing carbon dioxide bubbles. It rises up and passes through a straw into a glass with a drink, where bubbles come to the surface of the water. Here is sparkling water and ready.

Drown and eat

Wash two oranges well. Put one of them in a bowl of water. He will swim. And even if you try hard, you won't be able to drown him. Peel the second orange and put it in the water. Well? Do you believe your eyes? The orange has sunk. How so? Two identical oranges, but one drowned and the other floated? Explain to the child: "There are many air bubbles in the orange peel. They push the orange to the surface of the water. Without the peel, the orange sinks because it is heavier than the water it displaces."

About the benefits of milk

Oddly enough, the best way to learn why you need to drink milk is to do an experiment with bones. Take the eaten chicken bones, wash them properly, let them dry. Then pour vinegar in a bowl so that it covers the bones completely, close the lid and leave for a week. After seven days, drain the vinegar, carefully examine and touch the bones. They have become flexible. Why? It turns out that calcium gives strength to bones. Calcium dissolves in acetic acid, and the bones lose their hardness.

You want to ask: "What does milk have to do with it?" Milk is known to be rich in calcium. Milk is useful because it replenishes our body with calcium, which means it makes our bones hard and strong.

How to get drinking water from salt water?

Pour water with your child into a deep basin, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place washed pebbles on the bottom of an empty plastic cup so that it does not float up, but its edges should be above the water level in the basin. Stretch the film from above, tying it around the pelvis. Squeeze the film in the center over the glass and put another pebble in the recess. Place your basin in the sun. After a few hours, unsalted, clean drinking water will accumulate in the glass. This is explained simply: the water begins to evaporate in the sun, the condensate settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. Salt does not evaporate and remains in the pelvis. Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of water in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.

live yeast

A well-known Russian proverb says: "The hut is red not with corners, but with pies." We don't bake pies, though. Although, why not? Moreover, we always have yeast in our kitchen. But first we will show the experience, and then we can take on the pies. Tell the children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (meaning that microbes can be good as well as bad). When they feed, they emit carbon dioxide, which, mixed with flour, sugar and water, “raises” the dough, making it lush and tasty.

Dry yeast is like little lifeless balls. But this is only until the millions of tiny microbes that dormant in a cold and dry form come to life. Let's revive them. Pour two tablespoons of warm water into a pitcher, add two teaspoons of yeast to it, then one teaspoon of sugar and stir. Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, pulling a balloon over its neck. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water. Ask the guys what will happen? That's right, when the yeast comes to life and starts eating sugar, the mixture will fill with bubbles of carbon dioxide already familiar to children, which they begin to release. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.

Is the coat warm?

This experience should be very popular with children. Buy two cups of paper-wrapped ice cream. Unfold one of them and put on a saucer. And wrap the second one right in the wrapper in a clean towel and wrap it well with a fur coat. After 30 minutes, unwrap the wrapped ice cream and place it unwrapped on a saucer. Expand and the second ice cream. Compare both portions. Surprised? What about your children?

It turns out that ice cream under a fur coat, in contrast to what is on a silver platter, almost did not melt. So what? Maybe a fur coat is not a fur coat at all, but a refrigerator? Why, then, do we wear it in winter, if it does not warm, but cools? Everything is explained simply. The fur coat stopped letting the room heat in to the ice cream. And from this, the ice cream in a fur coat became cold, so the ice cream did not melt.

Now the question is also natural: "Why does a person put on a fur coat in the cold?" Answer: To keep warm. When a person puts on a fur coat at home, he is warm, but the fur coat does not let heat out into the street, so the person does not freeze.

Ask the child if he knows that there are "fur coats" made of glass? This is a thermos. It has double walls, and between them is a void. Heat does not pass through the void. Therefore, when we pour hot tea into a thermos, it stays hot for a long time. And if you pour cold water into it, what will happen to it? The child can now answer this question himself. If he still finds it difficult to answer, let him do one more experiment: pour cold water into a thermos and check it in 30 minutes.

Thrust funnel

Can a funnel "refuse" to let water into a bottle? Let's check! We will need: 2 funnels, two identical clean dry plastic bottles of 1 liter each, plasticine, a jug of water.

Training:

1. Insert a funnel into each bottle.
2. Cover the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left.

Let's start the science magic!

Announce to the audience: "I have a magic funnel that keeps water out of the bottle."

Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through a funnel. Explain to the audience, "This is how most funnels behave."

Put a bottle of plasticine on the table. Fill the funnel with water up to the top. See what will happen.

Result. A little water will flow from the funnel into the bottle, and then it will stop flowing altogether.

Explanation:

Water flows freely into the first bottle. Water flowing through the funnel into the bottle replaces the air in it, which escapes through the gaps between the neck and the funnel. In a bottle sealed with plasticine, there is also air, which has its own pressure. The water in the funnel also has pressure, which is due to the force of gravity pulling the water down. However, the force of air pressure in the bottle exceeds the force of gravity acting on the water. Therefore, water cannot enter the bottle.

If there is at least a small hole in the bottle or plasticine, air can escape through it. Because of this, its pressure inside the bottle will drop, and water will be able to flow into it.

dancing flakes

Some cereals are capable of making a lot of noise. Now we will find out if it is possible to teach rice flakes to jump and dance.

We will need:

• paper towel
• 1 teaspoon (5 ml) crispy rice flakes
• balloon
• wool sweater

Training.

1. Sprinkle cereal on a towel.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Address the audience like this: "All of you, of course, know how rice flakes can crackle, crunch and rustle. And now I'll show you how they can jump and dance."
2. Inflate the balloon and tie it up.
3. Rub the ball on the wool sweater.
4. Bring the ball to the cereal and see what happens.

Result. The flakes will bounce and be attracted to the ball.

Explanation. Static electricity helps you in this experiment. Electricity is called static when there is no current, that is, the movement of charge. It is formed by the friction of objects, in this case a ball and a sweater. All objects are made up of atoms, and each atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. When these charges are equal, the object is called neutral or uncharged. But there are objects, such as hair or wool, that lose their electrons very easily. If you rub the ball on a woolen thing, some of the electrons will pass from the wool to the ball, and it will acquire a negative static charge.

When you bring a negatively charged ball closer to the flakes, the electrons in them begin to repel from it and move to the opposite side. Thus, the top side of the flakes facing the ball becomes positively charged, and the ball attracts them to itself.

If you wait longer, the electrons will begin to move from the ball to the flakes. Gradually, the ball will become neutral again, and will no longer attract flakes. They will fall back onto the table.

Sorting

Do you think it is possible to separate the mixed pepper and salt? If you master this experiment, then you will definitely cope with this difficult task!

We will need:

• paper towel
• 1 teaspoon (5 ml) salt
• 1 teaspoon (5 ml) ground pepper
• the spoon
• wool sweater
• assistant

Training:

1. Spread a paper towel on the table.
2. Sprinkle salt and pepper on it.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Invite someone from the audience to become your assistant.
2. Mix salt and pepper thoroughly with a spoon. Have a helper try to separate the salt from the pepper.
3. When your assistant is desperate to share them, invite him now to sit and watch.
4. Inflate the balloon, tie it off and rub it against the wool sweater.
5. Bring the ball closer to the salt and pepper mixture. What will you see?

Result. Pepper will stick to the ball, and salt will remain on the table.

Explanation. This is another example of the effect of static electricity. When you rub the ball with a woolen cloth, it acquires a negative charge. If you bring the ball to a mixture of pepper and salt, the pepper will begin to be attracted to it. This is because the electrons in the pepper grains tend to move as far away from the ball as possible. Consequently, the part of the peppercorns closest to the ball acquires a positive charge, and is attracted by the negative charge of the ball. The pepper sticks to the ball.

Salt is not attracted to the ball, since electrons move poorly in this substance. When you bring a charged ball to salt, its electrons still remain in their places. Salt from the side of the ball does not acquire a charge - it remains uncharged or neutral. Therefore, salt does not stick to a negatively charged ball.

flexible water

In previous experiments, you used static electricity to teach cereal to dance and separate pepper from salt. From this experience you will learn how static electricity affects ordinary water.

We will need:

• faucet and sink
• wool sweater

Training:

To conduct the experiment, choose a place where you will have access to running water. The kitchen is perfect.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Announce to the audience: "Now you will see how my magic will control the water."
2. Open the faucet so that the water flows in a thin stream.
3. Say the magic words, calling the water jet to move. Nothing will change; then apologize and explain to the audience that you will have to use the help of your magic balloon and magic sweater.
4. Inflate the balloon and tie it up. Rub the ball on the sweater.
5. Again, say the magic words, and then bring the ball to a trickle of water. What will happen?

Result. The jet of water will deflect towards the ball.

Explanation. The electrons from the sweater during friction pass to the ball and give it a negative charge. This charge repels the electrons that are in the water, and they move to the part of the jet that is farthest from the ball. Closer to the ball, a positive charge arises in the water stream, and the negatively charged ball pulls it towards itself.

For the jet movement to be visible, it must be small. The static electricity that accumulates on the ball is relatively small, and it cannot move a large amount of water. If a trickle of water touches the balloon, it will lose its charge. The extra electrons will go into the water; both the balloon and the water will become electrically neutral, so the trickle will flow smoothly again.

Do you want chemistry and physics for your child to be not just school subjects, but an opportunity to discover the wonderful world of transformations and discoveries? Start “studying” them together right now – in your own kitchen. We offer you 10 simple experiments that any parent can do.

Perhaps the names of some experiments will bring back memories of boring school textbooks. Don't be afraid - everything you need for experiments you will surely find in the kitchen. Unless you have to additionally purchase balloons.

1. Surface tension of water

Pour a full glass of water and carefully lower the coins into it. Watch the surface of the water - it will become convex and rise slightly above the edges of the container.

2. non-newtonian fluid

Mix water and starch in a ratio of 1 to 2.5. For example, a glass of water and 2.5 cups of starch. Pour the mixture into a container so that its thickness is at least the length of your index finger. Now try to first slowly dip your finger into the mixture, and then do it quickly and sharply. Feel the difference? This experience is great to do in the country, filling at least a basin with the composition described above, in which you can walk and jump.

3. Static electricity

Mix a small amount of salt and pepper. Have your child try to separate them. Then take a balloon, rub it on a woolen thing and bring it to the mixture. All pepper, as if by magic, will stick to the ball.

4. flexible water

This experience will also allow your child to "see" static electricity. Arm yourself with a ball again and electrify it. Open the faucet so that the water flows in a thin stream and slowly bring the ball to it so that it does not touch the water. The jet will deflect to the side.

5. Density of water

Fill two containers with water. Dissolve as much salt as possible in one. Dip an egg into both containers. Watch what's happening. In order for the child to better understand what happened, gradually add salt to a container of fresh water (already with an egg). The egg will rise higher and higher.

6. The power of air

You will again need two containers of water. And also - two tangerines, one of them peeled. Dip them in different containers. The peeled one will sink, and the one in the peel will float. This is due to the fact that there is air between the peel and the mandarin itself, which pushes the fruit out of the water.

7. Eruption

Take a small jar of baby food or yogurt, use plasticine to give it the shape of a volcano, leaving the "vent" open. Pour a spoonful of salt into it, a spoonful of citric acid and add a drop of any detergent. In order for the eruption to be more spectacular, you can add red paint. Then have the child pour some water into the volcano. If there is no citric acid, pour vinegar into the volcano.

8. Similar but so different

Find everything in the kitchen that is white and loose, except for detergents. The bigger, the better. It can be flour, powdered sugar, citric acid, starch, salt,. Arrange in cells from ice molds, number them and make a sign to record the results of the survey.

Now, with your child, explore them in different ways in order to determine where what is. Smell first, then try, feel. Record as you learn. In the end, try mixing each instance with citric acid and water and thus find out which cell the soda is in.

9. oxygen starvation

Take an empty jar, put a small candle on its bottom and light it. Fill the balloon with water so that its diameter is a few centimeters larger than the diameter of the bottle neck. Put the ball on the candle jar. When all the oxygen burns out, the candle will go out, a vacuum will appear, and the ball will partially pass inside the jar.

10. Air expansion when heated

Put a balloon on the neck of an empty plastic bottle. Then put it in a bowl of very hot water. The air in the bottle will expand from heating, and the balloon will inflate slightly and take a vertical position.

When conducting experiments with a child, try not to overload him with information. If he asks questions, find or come up with experiments that will help him understand the nature of the ongoing processes. Indeed, in this case, he will be able to become not just an observer, but a real researcher and discoverer.

Entertaining experiences in the kitchen

We make cottage cheese

Grandmothers, who are over 50 years old, remember well how they themselves made cottage cheese for their children. You can show this process to a child.

Warm the milk by pouring a little lemon juice into it (calcium chloride can also be used). Show the children how the milk immediately curdled into large flakes with whey on top.

Drain the resulting mass through several layers of gauze and leave for 2-3 hours.

You've made a wonderful curd.

Pour syrup over it and offer the child for dinner. We are sure that even those children who do not like this dairy product will not be able to refuse a delicacy prepared with their own participation.

How to make ice cream?

For ice cream you will need: cocoa, sugar, milk, sour cream. You can add grated chocolate, waffle crumbs or small pieces of cookies to it.

Mix two tablespoons of cocoa, one tablespoon of sugar, four tablespoons of milk and two tablespoons of sour cream in a bowl. Add cookie and chocolate crumbs. Ice cream is ready. Now it needs to be cooled down.

Take a larger bowl, put ice in it, sprinkle it with salt, mix. Place a bowl of ice cream on top of ice and cover with a towel to keep heat out. Stir ice cream every 3-5 minutes. If you have enough patience, then after about 30 minutes the ice cream will thicken and you can try it. Tasty?

How does our homemade refrigerator work? It is known that ice melts at a temperature of zero degrees. Salt also delays the cold, does not allow the ice to melt quickly. Therefore, salt ice keeps cold longer. Moreover, the towel does not allow warm air to penetrate to the ice cream. And the result? Ice cream is beyond praise!

Let's beat down the butter

If you live in the summer in the country, then you probably take natural milk from a thrush. Do experiments with milk with the children. Prepare a liter jar. Fill it with milk and refrigerate for 2-3 days. Show the children how the milk has separated into lighter cream and heavy skimmed milk.

Collect the cream in a jar with an airtight lid. And if you have patience and free time, then shake the jar for half an hour in turns with the children until the balls of fat merge together and form oil lumps.

Believe me, children have never eaten such delicious butter.

Homemade lollipops

Cooking is a fun activity. Now let's make homemade lollipops. To do this, you need to prepare a glass of warm water, in which to dissolve as much granulated sugar as it can dissolve. Then take a straw for a cocktail, tie a clean thread to it, attaching a small piece of pasta to the end of it (it is best to use small pasta). Now it remains to put the straw on top of the glass, across, and lower the end of the thread with pasta into the sugar solution. And be patient. When the water from the glass begins to evaporate, the sugar molecules will begin to approach and sweet crystals will begin to settle on the thread and on the pasta, taking on bizarre shapes.

Let your little one taste the lollipop. Tasty?

The same lollipops will be much tastier if jam syrup is added to the sugar solution. Then you get lollipops with different tastes: cherry, blackcurrant and others that he wants.

"Roasted" sugar

Take two pieces of refined sugar. Moisten them with a few drops of water to make it moist, put in a stainless steel spoon and heat it for a few minutes over gas until the sugar melts and turns yellow. Don't let it burn.

As soon as the sugar turns into a yellowish liquid, pour the contents of the spoon onto the saucer in small drops.

Taste your candies with your children. Liked? Then open a candy factory!

Changing the color of cabbage

Together with your child, prepare a salad of finely chopped red cabbage, grated with salt, and pour it with vinegar and sugar. Watch the cabbage turn from purple to bright red. This is the effect of acetic acid.

However, as the salad is stored, it may again turn purple or even turn blue. This happens because acetic acid is gradually diluted with cabbage juice, its concentration decreases and the color of the red cabbage dye changes. These are the transformations.

Why are unripe apples sour?

Unripe apples are high in starch and contain no sugar.

Starch is an unsweetened substance. Let the child lick the starch, and he will be convinced of this. How do you know if a product contains starch?

Make a weak solution of iodine. Drop them in a handful of flour, starch, on a piece of raw potato, on a slice of an unripe apple. The blue color that appears proves that all these products contain starch.

Repeat the experiment with the apple when it is fully ripe. And you will probably be surprised that you will no longer find starch in an apple. But now it has sugar in it. So, fruit ripening is a chemical process of converting starch into sugar.

edible glue

Your child needed glue for crafts, but the jar of glue was empty? Don't rush to the store to buy. Weld it yourself. What is familiar to you is unusual to a child.

Cook him a small portion of thick jelly, showing him each of the steps of the process. For those who do not know: in boiling juice (or in water with jam), you need to pour, mixing thoroughly, a solution of starch diluted in a small amount of cold water, and bring to a boil.

I think the child will be surprised that this glue-jelly can be eaten with a spoon, or you can glue crafts with it.

Homemade sparkling water

Remind your child that he is breathing air. Air is made up of various gases, but many of them are invisible and odorless, making them difficult to detect. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that make up the air and ... carbonated water. But it can be isolated at home

Take two straws for a cocktail, but of different diameters, so that a few millimeters narrow fits snugly into a wider one. It turned out a long straw, made up of two. Make a vertical hole in the cork of a plastic bottle with a sharp object and insert either end of the straw there.

If there are no straws of different diameters, then you can make a small vertical incision in one and stick it into another straw. The main thing is to get a tight connection.

Pour water diluted with any jam into a glass, and pour half a tablespoon of soda into a bottle through a funnel. Then pour vinegar into the bottle - about one hundred milliliters.

Now you need to act very quickly: stick the cork with a straw into the bottle, and dip the other end of the straw into a glass of sweet water.

What's going on in the glass?

Explain to your child that the vinegar and baking soda have begun to actively interact with each other, releasing carbon dioxide bubbles. It rises up and passes through a straw into a glass with a drink, where bubbles come to the surface of the water. Here is sparkling water and ready.

Drown and eat

Wash two oranges well. Put one of them in a bowl of water. He will swim. And even if you try hard, you won't be able to drown him.

Peel the second orange and put it in the water. Well? Do you believe your eyes? The orange has sunk. How so? Two identical oranges, but one drowned and the other floated?

Explain to the child: "There are many air bubbles in the orange peel. They push the orange to the surface of the water. Without the peel, the orange sinks because it is heavier than the water it displaces."

About the benefits of milk

Oddly enough, the best way to learn why you need to drink milk is to do an experiment with bones.

Take the eaten chicken bones, wash them properly, let them dry. Then pour vinegar in a bowl so that it covers the bones completely, close the lid and leave for a week.

After seven days, drain the vinegar, carefully examine and touch the bones. They have become flexible. Why?

It turns out that calcium gives strength to bones. Calcium dissolves in acetic acid, and the bones lose their hardness.

You want to ask: "What does milk have to do with it?"

Milk is known to be rich in calcium. Milk is useful because it replenishes our body with calcium, which means it makes our bones hard and strong.

How to get drinking water from salt water?

Pour water with your child into a deep basin, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place washed pebbles on the bottom of an empty plastic cup so that it does not float up, but its edges should be above the water level in the basin. Stretch the film from above, tying it around the pelvis. Squeeze the film in the center over the glass and put another pebble in the recess. Place your basin in the sun.

After a few hours, unsalted, clean drinking water will accumulate in the glass.

This is explained simply: the water begins to evaporate in the sun, the condensate settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. Salt does not evaporate and remains in the pelvis.

Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of water in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.

live yeast

A well-known Russian proverb says: "The hut is red not with corners, but with pies." We don't bake pies, though. Although, why not? Moreover, we always have yeast in our kitchen. But first we will show the experience, and then we can take on the pies.

Tell the children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (meaning that microbes can be good as well as bad). When they feed, they emit carbon dioxide, which, mixed with flour, sugar and water, “raises” the dough, making it lush and tasty.

Dry yeast is like little lifeless balls. But this is only until the millions of tiny microbes that dormant in a cold and dry form come to life.

Let's revive them. Pour two tablespoons of warm water into a pitcher, add two teaspoons of yeast to it, then one teaspoon of sugar and stir.

Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, pulling a balloon over its neck. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water.

Ask the guys what will happen?

That's right, when the yeast comes to life and starts eating sugar, the mixture will fill with bubbles of carbon dioxide already familiar to children, which they begin to release. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.

Is the coat warm?

This experience should be very popular with children.

Buy two cups of paper-wrapped ice cream. Unfold one of them and put on a saucer. And wrap the second one right in the wrapper in a clean towel and wrap it well with a fur coat.

After 30 minutes, unwrap the wrapped ice cream and place it unwrapped on a saucer. Expand and the second ice cream. Compare both portions. Surprised? What about your children?

It turns out that ice cream under a fur coat, in contrast to what is on a silver platter, almost did not melt. So what? Maybe a fur coat is not a fur coat at all, but a refrigerator? Why, then, do we wear it in winter, if it does not warm, but cools?

Everything is explained simply. The fur coat stopped letting the room heat in to the ice cream. And from this, the ice cream in a fur coat became cold, so the ice cream did not melt.

Now the question is also natural: "Why does a person put on a fur coat in the cold?"

Answer: To keep warm.

When a person puts on a fur coat at home, he is warm, but the fur coat does not let heat out into the street, so the person does not freeze.

Ask the child if he knows that there are "fur coats" made of glass?

This is a thermos. It has double walls, and between them - emptiness. Heat does not pass through the void. Therefore, when we pour hot tea into a thermos, it stays hot for a long time. And if you pour cold water into it, what will happen to it? The child can now answer this question himself.

If he still finds it difficult to answer, let him do one more experiment: pour cold water into a thermos and check it in 30 minutes.

Thrust funnel

Can a funnel "refuse" to let water into a bottle? Let's check!

We will need:

2 funnels

Two identical clean dry plastic bottles of 1 liter

Plasticine

Jug of water

Training:
1. Insert a funnel into each bottle.

2. Coat the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Announce to the audience: "I have a magic funnel that keeps water out of the bottle."

2. Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through a funnel. Explain to the audience, "This is how most funnels behave."

3. Put a bottle of plasticine on the table.

4. Fill the funnel with water up to the top. See what will happen.

Result:

A little water will flow from the funnel into the bottle, and then it will stop flowing altogether.

Explanation:

Water flows freely into the first bottle. Water flowing through the funnel into the bottle replaces the air in it, which escapes through the gaps between the neck and the funnel. In a bottle sealed with plasticine, there is also air, which has its own pressure. The water in the funnel also has pressure, which is due to the force of gravity pulling the water down. However, the force of air pressure in the bottle exceeds the force of gravity acting on the water. Therefore, water cannot enter the bottle.

If there is at least a small hole in the bottle or plasticine, air can escape through it. Because of this, its pressure inside the bottle will drop, and water will be able to flow into it.

dancing flakes

Some cereals are capable of making a lot of noise. Now we will find out if it is possible to teach rice flakes to jump and dance.

We will need:

Paper towel

1 teaspoon (5 ml) crispy rice flakes

Balloon

Wool sweater

Training:

1. Spread a paper towel on the table.

2. Sprinkle cereal on a towel.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Address the audience like this: "All of you, of course, know how rice flakes can crackle, crunch and rustle. And now I'll show you how they can jump and dance."

2. Inflate the balloon and tie it up.

3. Rub the ball on the wool sweater.

4. Bring the ball to the cereal and see what happens.

Result:
The flakes will bounce and be attracted to the ball.
Explanation:
Static electricity helps you in this experiment. Electricity is called static when there is no current, that is, the movement of charge. It is formed by the friction of objects, in this case a ball and a sweater. All objects are made up of atoms, and each atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. When these charges are equal, the object is called neutral or uncharged. But there are objects, such as hair or wool, that lose their electrons very easily. If you rub the ball on a woolen thing, some of the electrons will pass from the wool to the ball, and it will acquire a negative static charge.
When you bring a negatively charged ball closer to the flakes, the electrons in them begin to repel from it and move to the opposite side. Thus, the top side of the flakes facing the ball becomes positively charged, and the ball attracts them to itself.
If you wait longer, the electrons will begin to move from the ball to the flakes. Gradually, the ball will become neutral again, and will no longer attract flakes. They will fall back onto the table.

flexible water

In previous experiments, you used static electricity to teach cereal to dance and separate pepper from salt. From this experience you will learn how static electricity affects ordinary water.

We will need:

Water faucet and sink

Balloon

Wool sweater

Training:

To conduct the experiment, choose a place where you will have access to running water. The kitchen is perfect.

Let's start the science magic!

1. Announce to the audience: "Now you will see how my magic will control the water."

2. Open the faucet so that the water flows in a thin stream.

3. Say the magic words to make the water jet move. Nothing will change; then apologize and explain to the audience that you will have to use the help of your magic balloon and magic sweater.

4. Inflate the balloon and tie it up. Rub the ball on the sweater.

5. Say the magic words again, and then bring the ball to a trickle of water. What will happen?

Result:

The jet of water will deflect towards the ball.

Explanation:

The electrons from the sweater during friction pass to the ball and give it a negative charge. This charge repels the electrons that are in the water, and they move to the part of the jet that is farthest from the ball. Closer to the ball, a positive charge arises in the water stream, and the negatively charged ball pulls it towards itself.

For the jet movement to be visible, it must be small. The static electricity that accumulates on the ball is relatively small, and it cannot move a large amount of water. If a trickle of water touches the balloon, it will lose its charge. The extra electrons will go into the water; both the balloon and the water will become electrically neutral, so the trickle will flow smoothly again.

A small child is not only a perpetual motion machine and a jumper, but also a brilliant inventor and endless why. Although children's curiosity gives parents a lot of worries, it is very useful in itself - after all, this is the key to the development of the baby. Learning something new is useful not only in the form of lessons, but also in the form of games or experiments. It is about them that we will talk today. Simple physical and chemical experiments do not require special knowledge, special training or expensive materials. They can be held in the kitchen to surprise, entertain a child, open up a whole world in front of him, or simply cheer up. Virtually any experience a child can prepare and put on their own in your presence. However, in some of the experiments, it is better to make mom or dad the main character.

Explosion of color in milk

What could be more amazing than the transformation of a familiar thing into an unusual one, when white, familiar to everyone, milk becomes multi-colored?

You will need: whole milk (required!), food coloring in different colors, any liquid detergent, cotton swabs, a plate.
Work plan:

1. Pour milk into a bowl.
2. Add a few drops of each dye to it. Try to do this carefully so as not to move the plate itself.
3. Take a cotton swab, dip it in the product and touch it to the very center of the plate of milk.
4. The milk will move and the colors will mix. A real explosion of color in a bowl!

Explanation of experience: Milk is made up of different types of molecules: fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. When a detergent is added to milk, several processes occur simultaneously. Firstly, the detergent reduces surface tension, and due to this, food colors begin to move freely over the entire surface of the milk. But most importantly, the detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. That is why skimmed milk is not suitable for this experiment.

Growing crystals

Everyone knows this experience since childhood - obtaining crystals from salt water. You can, of course, do this with a solution of copper sulfate, but the children's version is simple table salt.


The essence of the experiment is simple - in a saline solution (18 tablespoons of salt per half liter of water) we lower a colored thread and wait for crystals to grow on it. It will be very interesting. Especially if you take a woolen thread or replace it with an intricate bristle wire.

The potato becomes a submarine

Has your child already learned how to peel and cut potatoes? Can't you surprise him with this gray-brown tuber anymore? Of course you will be surprised! You need to turn a potato into a submarine!
To do this, we need one potato tuber, a liter jar and edible salt. Pour half a can of water and lower the potato. She will drown. Add a saturated salt solution to the jar. The potatoes will float. If you want it to plunge into the water again, then just add water to the jar. Why not a submarine?
Solution: Potatoes sink because it is heavier than water. Compared to a salt solution, it is lighter, and therefore floats to the surface.

Lemon battery

It’s good to spend this experience with dad so that he explains in more detail where the electricity comes from in a lemon?

We will need:

• Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
• Two pieces of insulated copper wire approximately 0.2-0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
• Steel paper clip.
• Bulb from a flashlight.

Conducting experience: first of all, we clean the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2-3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon, fasten the end of one of the wires to it. We stick the end of the second wire into the lemon 1-1.5 cm from the paper clip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach the bulbs to the contacts.
What happened? The light bulb is on!

A glass of laughter

Do you urgently need to cook soup, and the child hangs on his feet and pulls into the nursery? This experience will keep him distracted for a few minutes!
We only need a glass with thin, even walls, filled to the top with water.
Conducting experience: take a glass in your hand and bring it to your eyes. Look through it at the fingers of the other hand. What happened?
In the glass you will see very long and thin fingers without a hand. Turn your hand with your fingers up, and they will turn into funny shorties. Move the glass away from the eyes, and the whole hand will appear in the glass, but small and on the side, as if you moved your hand.
Look with your child at each other through a glass - and you don’t have to go to the laughter room.

Water flows up the napkin

This is a very beautiful experience ideal for girls. We need to take a napkin, cut out a strip, draw lines of different colors with dots. Then we dip the napkin into a glass with a small amount of water and watch with admiration how the water rises and the dotted lines turn into solid ones.

Miracle rocket from a tea bag

This elementary focus experience is a "bomb" for any child. If you are already tired of looking for ingenious entertainment for children, this is what you need!


Carefully open an ordinary tea bag, stand it upright and set it on fire. The bag will burn to the end, fly high into the air and circle above you. This simple experiment usually causes a storm of enthusiasm among both adults and children. And the reason for this phenomenon is the same, which makes sparks fly from the fire. During combustion, a stream of warm air is created, which pushes the ash up. If you set fire to and extinguish the bag gradually, no flight will work. By the way, the bag will not always take off if the air temperature in the room is high enough.

live fish

Another simple experience that can pleasantly surprise not only children, but also girlfriends.
Cut out a fish from thick paper. In the middle of the fish there is a round hole A, which is connected to the tail by a narrow channel AB.

Pour water into a bowl and place the fish on the water so that the bottom side of it is completely moistened, and the top remains completely dry. It is convenient to do this with a fork: put the fish on the fork, carefully lower it into the water, and sink the fork deeper and pull it out.
Now you need to drop a large drop of oil into hole A. It is best to use an oil can from a bicycle or a sewing machine for this. If there is no oiler, you can draw machine or vegetable oil into a pipette or a cocktail tube: lower the tube with one end into the oil by 2-3 mm. Then cover the upper end with your finger and transfer the straw to the fish. Holding the lower end exactly over the hole, release your finger. The oil will flow straight into the hole.
In an effort to spill over the surface of the water, the oil will flow through channel AB. The fish will not let him spread in other directions. What do you think the fish will do under the action of the oil flowing back? It is clear: she will swim forward!

Focus "conspiracy of water"

Every child thinks that his mother is a magician! And in order to prolong this fairy tale longer, you sometimes need to reinforce your magical nature with real "magic".
Get a jar with a tight-fitting lid. Paint the inside of the lid with red watercolor paint. Pour water into a jar and screw on the lid. At the time of the demonstration, do not turn the jar towards small viewers so that the inside of the lid is visible. Say the plot out loud: "Just like in a fairy tale, turn the water red." With these words, shake the jar of water. The water will wash away the watercolor layer of paint and turn red.

density tower

Such an experiment is suitable for older children, or attentive, assiduous kids.
In this experiment, objects will hang in the thickness of the liquid.
We will need:

• a tall, narrow glass container, such as an empty, clean 0.5-liter jar of canned olives or mushrooms
• 1/4 cup (65 ml) corn syrup or honey
• food coloring of any color
• 1/4 cup tap water
• 1/4 cup vegetable oil
• 1/4 cup medical alcohol
• various small objects, e.g. a cork, a grape, a nut, a piece of dry pasta, a rubber ball, a cherry tomato, a small plastic toy, a metal screw

Training:

• Carefully pour honey into the vessel, so that it occupies 1/4 of the volume.
• Dissolve a few drops of food coloring in water. Pour water into the vessel halfway. Please note: when adding each liquid, pour very carefully so that it does not mix with the bottom layer.
• Slowly pour the same amount of vegetable oil into the vessel.
• Fill the vessel to the top with alcohol.

Let's start the science magic:

• Announce to the audience that you will now make various objects float. You may be told that it is easy. Then explain to them that you will make different objects float in liquids at different levels.
• One at a time, carefully lower the small items into the vessel.
• Let the audience see for themselves what happened.

Result: different objects will float in the thickness of the liquid at different levels. Some will "hang" right in the middle of the vessel.
Explanation: This trick is based on the ability of various substances to sink or float depending on their density. Substances with a lower density float on the surface of denser substances.
The alcohol remains on the surface of the vegetable oil because the density of the alcohol is less than the density of the oil. Vegetable oil remains on the surface of the water because the density of the oil is less than the density of water. Water, on the other hand, is less dense than honey or corn syrup, so it stays on the surface of these liquids. When you drop objects into a vessel, they float or sink depending on their density and the density of the liquid layers. The screw has a higher density than any of the liquids in the vessel, so it will fall to the very bottom. The density of pasta is higher than the density of alcohol, vegetable oil and water, but lower than the density of honey, so it will float on the surface of the honey layer. The rubber ball has the smallest density, lower than any of the liquids, so it will float on the surface of the topmost, alcohol layer.

Submarine from grapes

Another trick for sea adventure lovers!


Grab a glass of fresh sparkling water or lemonade and toss a grape into it. It is slightly heavier than water and will sink to the bottom. But gas bubbles, similar to small balloons, will immediately begin to sit on it. Soon there will be so many of them that the grape will pop up. But on the surface, the bubbles will burst and the gas will escape. The heavy grape will again sink to the bottom. Here it will again be covered with gas bubbles and rise again. This will continue several times until the water "exhales". According to this principle, a real boat floats up and rises. And the fish have a swim bladder. When she needs to dive, the muscles contract, squeezing the bubble. Its volume decreases, the fish goes down. And you need to get up - the muscles relax, dissolve the bubble. It increases and the fish floats up.

lotus flowers

Another experiment from the series "for girls".
Cut flowers with long petals from colored paper. Using a pencil, twist the petals towards the center. And now lower the multi-colored lotuses into the water poured into the basin. Literally before your eyes, the flower petals will begin to bloom. This is because the paper gets wet, becomes gradually heavier and the petals open.

Where did the ink go?

You can put the following trick in the piggy bank of the magical mother.
Drop ink or ink into a bottle of water to make the solution a pale blue. Put a tablet of crushed activated charcoal there. Close the mouth with your finger and shake the mixture. She brightens up before her eyes. The fact is that coal absorbs dye molecules with its surface and it is no longer visible.

"Stop, hands up!"

And this experience is again for the boys - explosive and playful fidgets!
Take a small plastic jar for medicines, vitamins, etc. Pour some water into it, put any effervescent tablet and close it with a lid (non-screw).
Put it on the table, turning it upside down, and wait. The gas released during the chemical reaction of the tablet and water will push the bottle out, there will be a "roar" and the bottle will be thrown up.

Secret letter

Each of us dreamed at least once in our lives to become a detective or a secret agent. It's so exciting - to solve riddles, look for traces and see the invisible.


Let the child make a drawing or inscription on a blank sheet of white paper with milk, lemon juice or table vinegar. Then heat up a sheet of paper (preferably over a device without open flame) and you will see how the invisible turns into the visible. The impromptu ink will boil, the letters will darken, and the secret letter will be readable.

Scattering toothpicks

If there is nothing to do in the kitchen, and only toothpicks are available from the available toys, then we will easily put them into action!

To conduct the experiment, you will need: a bowl of water, 8 wooden toothpicks, a pipette, a piece of refined sugar (not instant), dishwashing liquid.
1. We have toothpicks with rays in a bowl of water.
2. Gently lower a piece of sugar into the center of the bowl - the toothpicks will begin to gather towards the center.
3. Remove the sugar with a teaspoon and drop a few drops of dishwashing liquid into the center of the bowl with a pipette - the toothpicks will “scatter”!
What is going on? The sugar sucks up the water, creating a movement that moves the toothpicks toward the center. Soap, spreading over the water, drags particles of water with it, and they cause the toothpicks to scatter. Explain to the children that you showed them a trick, and all tricks are based on certain natural physical phenomena that they will study in school.

vanishing coin

And this trick can be taught to any child over 5 years old, let him show it to his friends!
Props:

• 1 liter glass jar with lid
• tap water
• coin
• assistant

Training:

• Pour water into the jar and close the lid.
• Give your assistant a coin so that he can make sure that this is really the most common coin and there is no catch in it.
• Have him put the coin on the table. Ask him: "Do you see the coin?" (Of course, he will answer yes.)
• Put a jar of water on the coin.
• Say magic words, for example: "Here is a magic coin, here it was, but now it's not there."
• Have your helper look through the water on the side of the jar and say if he sees the coin now? What will he answer?

Tips for a learned wizard:
You can make this trick even more effective. After your assistant can't see the coin, you can make it reappear. Say other magic words, for example: "As the coin fell, so it appeared." Now remove the jar and the coin will be back in place.
Result: When you place a jar of water on a coin, the coin appears to have disappeared. Your assistant will not see it.

In contact with

Surely your baby, like all children, loves everything mysterious and mysterious, explores the world in all possible ways and asks many questions about the objects and phenomena surrounding him. Often, completely simple and ordinary things for adults cause sincere admiration of the baby. But there are a lot of simple experiments that can be carried out right in the kitchen. They do not require any training and special equipment, most of them the young experimenter can do himself, guided by his mother's instructions, but, of course, under her supervision. This will not only help keep the baby busy for a while, such almost scientific experiments are not just entertainment.

Research activity is the best way to develop thinking child, his memory and observation, gives the first ideas about the physical and chemical phenomena around us, helps to understand some of the laws of nature. Especially if the mother is in no hurry to draw conclusions for the baby, but gives him the opportunity to try to find the answer himself. And even though the answers and conclusions are not always correct, this is not important. The most important thing is not the answer, but the question and the search for an answer to it. Well, so how, for business?

Safety

This question should never be neglected, especially when it comes to a curious and nimble baby. Omitting the topic of safety in the kitchen in general (I think you are all right with this), I would like to say a few words about the “instruction” of the child before starting experiments. This must be done even when all the components of your experiments are perfectly safe.

It is with a safety briefing that work begins in any laboratory, and after all, your kitchen turns into a real laboratory for a while. Be sure to tell me about it baby. Please note that you need to wear special clothes to work in the laboratory.

In confirmation of your words, give the crumbs a kitchen apron. All substances should be handled very carefully, because poisonous ones can also be found among them. And of course, you should not taste everything, especially if you do not know what kind of substance it is. All our experiments today are completely harmless and do not contain hazardous substances (the only exception is iodine). But the kid from the very beginning of his research activity must clearly know the rules for working with them. Not intimidation, but reasonable precaution should be at the heart of your conversation. When the preparatory work is done, you can proceed directly to the experiments.

experimental water

The simplest and most accessible physical experiments can be done with ordinary water. Before proceeding with the experiments, talk with the baby about water as a natural substance. Remember where you can find water (rivers and seas, rain and fog droplets, snow and ice, dew and plant sap), why it is needed and life on the planet would be possible if water suddenly disappeared. Ask your child if the water has a color, what it smells like, what it tastes like. Do not answer for him, let him make a small discovery himself, determining that the water is transparent and has no taste or smell. If the baby is not yet familiar with the aggregate states of water, conduct such a simple experiment.

First experience

Pour some water into an ice cube tray and let your little one place it in the freezer. After a couple of hours, pull out the mold and make sure that ice has appeared in it instead of water. What a miracle, where did it come from? Will the baby be able to figure it out on his own? Is solid ice really the same water? Or maybe it was mom who came up with some kind of tricky trick and changed the molds in the freezer? Okay, let's check it out! In the heat of the kitchen, the ice will quickly melt and turn into ordinary water. Here is an amazing discovery for you: in the cold, liquid water freezes and turns into solid ice. But water can turn into more than just ice. Pour the melted water into a saucepan, put it on the fire and let the baby watch it carefully while you are busy with your own business. When the water boils, pay attention to the rising steam. Gently bring a mirror to the saucepan and show the baby the droplets of water formed on it. So steam is also water! Yes, they are tiny water droplets. If the saucepan boils long enough, all the water will disappear from it. Where did she go? Turned into steam and scattered throughout the kitchen.

Second experience

Fill a plate with some water, mark its level on the wall of the plate with a marker and leave it, say, on the windowsill for a few days. Looking into the plate every day, the baby will be able to observe the miraculous disappearance of water. Where does the water go? In the same way as in the previous experiment, it turns into water vapor - it evaporates. But why in the first case the water disappeared in a matter of minutes, and in the second - in a few days, let the baby think for himself. If he finds a connection between evaporation and temperature, you can rightfully be proud of your little physicist. Now, based on the new knowledge of the crumbs, you can explain to him what fog is, and why steam comes out of the mouth in the cold, and where the rain comes from, and what happens in the jungle when

Experience three

Now talk to your child about some of the properties of water. He is well acquainted with one of them and encounters almost daily. It's about dissolution. Ask the baby what happens to sugar when he puts it in tea and stirs it with a spoon. Sugar disappears. Does it disappear completely? But after all tea was unsweetened, and became sweet. Sugar does not disappear, it dissolves, breaks up into tiny particles invisible to the eye and is distributed throughout the glass. But will all substances dissolve in water in the same way? Wait for an answer child, and then offer to test your answer experimentally. Pour warm water into jars or cups, dispense baby all kinds of safe substances (sugar, salt, baking soda, cereals, vegetable oil, "chicken" cubes, flour, starch, sand, some earth from a flower pot, chalk, etc.), and let him put them in glasses, stir and draws appropriate conclusions. This will captivate the young researcher for a long time. In the meantime, you can safely do kitchen chores, looking after the baby and, if necessary, helping with advice. In order to child made sure that the solute does not really disappear anywhere, conduct such an experiment with it.

Experience Four

In a tablespoon, take a little liquid from the glass where the baby poured salt before. Hold the spoon over the fire until the water has evaporated. Show baby the white powder remaining in the spoon and ask what it is. Cool the spoon and offer to kid taste the powder. He will easily determine that it is salt.

Experience five

Now let's do the following. Take two glasses, pour the same amount of water into each, only in one glass - cold, and in the other - hot (not boiling water, so that the baby does not accidentally burn himself). Put a tablespoon of salt into each glass and begin to stir. In order for the baby to draw the right conclusions, it is very important to observe exactly the same conditions for both glasses, with the exception of the water temperature. I do not in vain draw your attention to this. This applies not only to this experiment, but to all others. Children's logic is an interesting and unpredictable thing, kids think in a completely different way than adults. And what is obvious to us may look completely different to them. When I conducted this experiment with my four-year-old daughter, I tried to take into account all these features. But it turned out that I didn’t take everything into account... After pouring salt into the glasses, I gave Masha a spoon and offered to stir the contents of the “cold” glass. She herself took to the "hot". When “my” salt dissolved, and a decent amount of crystals continued to float in the Machine Glass, I asked: “Look, the water is the same, the salt is the same. Why did my salt dissolve, but not yours? To this, my daughter gave me a completely logical conclusion in this situation: “You are big, strong, you interfered well - that’s where it disappeared. And I’m small, weak, I interfered badly ... ”So let them interfere in both glasses themselves. Then it will be much easier to see the dependence of the dissolution rate on temperature...

Chicken egg experiments

If you are preparing scrambled eggs for breakfast, and the ubiquitous baby is spinning under your feet, give him two chicken eggs, one raw, the second boiled, and offer, without breaking, to determine which is which. Tell me that the eggs need to be rotated on the table. While the baby is busy with this fascinating business, you will have time to finish preparing breakfast. And then explain to the baby why a boiled egg rotates easily and quickly, and a raw one makes one or two awkward turns and freezes. Do not talk about the center of gravity, it is unlikely that the baby will understand this. Just say that inside a raw egg, the yolk and white hang out, preventing the egg from unrolling. But the hard content of a boiled egg allows it to rotate easily.

Issue baby a half-liter jar of water and a raw chicken egg. Let him put it in water and see what happens. The egg will sink to the bottom of the jar. Now you need to pull it out, and add 2 tablespoons of salt to the water and mix well. We lower the egg into the water again and observe an interesting picture: now the egg does not sink, but floats on the surface. You and I know that the matter is in the density of water. The higher it is (in this case due to salt), the more difficult it is to drown in it.

Suggest baby express your own version of this phenomenon. Remind him that it is much easier to swim in the sea than in the river. Salt water helps to stay on the surface. And in the Dead Sea it is impossible to drown at all due to the fact that the water there is unusually salty. Now take a liter jar, fill it with fresh water by a third, lower the egg into the jar. Take warm water in a separate container, and let the baby dissolve the salt there to make a concentrated saline solution.

Now give to kid such a task: you need to ensure that the egg does not sink and does not float, but “hangs” in the water column, like a submarine. To do this, pour the saline solution into the jar in small portions until the desired effect is obtained. If the baby pours too much solution and the egg comes up to the surface, invite him to think about how to fix the situation (pour the required amount of fresh water into the jar, thereby reducing its density).

Common Extraordinary Vinegar

If today you decided to bake a cake, then it's time to demonstrate baby a fascinating reaction between baking soda and vinegar. If you recall a school chemistry course, it is called a neutralization reaction, because in its process, acid and alkali neutralize each other.

Pour 2-3 tablespoons of vinegar into a bowl, add a teaspoon of baking soda. A stormy hiss and foam will not leave indifferent any crumb. Can you tell to kid that the bubbles that have appeared are carbon dioxide, the same one that we exhale and which is necessary for plants to breathe. It is thanks to carbon dioxide that our cake or pie is so fluffy and airy: the bubbles pass through the dough and loosen it. And we also drink carbon dioxide with sparkling water, it turns ordinary water into “prickly”.

The baking soda and vinegar experience can be turned into a super-spectacular show by making a model of a volcano with them. But first you need to mold the volcano itself from plasticine. For these purposes, plasticine, already once used, left over from children's creative research, is quite suitable. We divide the plasticine into 2 parts. One half is flattened (this will be the base), and from the other we blind a hollow cone the size of a glass with a hole at the top (slopes and the mouth of the volcano). We connect both parts, carefully fastening the joints so that our volcano is airtight. We transfer the "volcano" to a plate, which we place on a large tray.

Now let's prepare the lava. Pour a tablespoon of baking soda into the volcano, a little red food coloring (beetroot juice will do), pour in a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. The final touch: the baby pours a quarter cup of vinegar into the “mouth”. The volcano immediately wakes up, a hiss is heard, brightly colored foam begins to fall from the "vent". Spectacular and unforgettable spectacle! If you are reluctant to sculpt a plasticine volcano, you can build a volcanic cone from paper or cardboard, and place a glass bottle inside. Such experiments make an indelible impression on the kids.

Surely the baby will also like this experience, which can be shown to friends or grandparents as a real trick. It is based on the same reaction between soda and vinegar. Prepare a small balloon. It is desirable that it inflates easily (check this in advance). Keep the ball ready. Dissolve 2 teaspoons of baking soda in 3 tablespoons of water and pour the solution into a glass bottle. Pour a quarter cup of vinegar into the same bottle. Now quickly put a ball on the neck and secure with a strip of tape (everything should be at hand). The carbon dioxide released during the reaction will inflate the balloon.

And the next experience can have for the crumbs not only cognitive, but also educational value. Take a raw chicken egg, put it in a half-liter jar and pour table vinegar over it. Close the jar with a lid and leave for a day. Then pull it out and try to squeeze it in your hands. The shell will become soft and flexible. Tell baby that vinegar dissolves the minerals contained in the eggshell (namely, they give the shell strength). If you hold a chicken bone in vinegar for 3-4 days, it will also become soft. Approximately the same effect on the enamel of our teeth acid secreted by bacteria in the oral cavity. So for little stubborn people who do not want to brush their teeth, this experience will be very revealing.

If in the summer the kid did not draw all the crayons on the pavement and one piece was preserved, it will come in handy for a spectacular experience. Dip it in a glass of vinegar and see what happens. The chalk in the glass will begin to hiss, bubble, decrease in size and soon disappear completely. The main thing is that this fantastic disappearance does not end in tears of a little experimenter. Often, babies are tenderly attached to all sorts of little things, like pencil stubs, crayons, all kinds of rags and boxes. Unfortunately, the dissolved chalk cannot be returned back. So it is better to discuss this point with the baby before the experiment.

Lemon Wizard

Now let's look in the refrigerator and see if there is something suitable for our experiments. If you find an apple and a lemon there, do the following with them. Cut the apple in half, place it cut side up on a saucer and offer baby squeeze a little lemon juice onto one of the halves. The kid will surely be surprised by the fact that after a few hours the “clean” half of the apple will darken, and the one that was “protected” by lemon juice will remain the same white. We adults know that browning is due to the oxidation of the iron contained in the apple by the oxygen in the air. And ascorbic acid, contained in lemon juice, is a natural antioxidant that slows down the oxidation process.

Tell baby that apples have many very useful substances, including iron. Of course, no matter how much you chew apples, you won’t find pieces of iron familiar to us there, but iron is still there in the form of very small particles that are not visible to the eye. When these tiny particles of iron come into contact with air, more precisely, with the oxygen of the air (and this is exactly what happened when cutting the apple), they begin to darken. To baby it became clear what was happening, compare the darkening of an apple with rust. Lemon juice covered the cut with a protective film, and oxygen could not reach the iron.

Keep your little one entertained with another interesting lemon fun. Squeeze some lemon juice into a bowl, give to kid a white sheet of paper and a cotton swab and offer to write a letter for dad or draw something with lemon juice. Let the manuscript dry. Now it became impossible to read what was written or see what was drawn. Heat a sheet of paper well over a table lamp or steam. The inscription will not force itself to beg for a long time and will become noticeable.

And you can also write a "secret" letter with ordinary milk. Dry the paper with milky “ink”, and then iron it properly with a hot iron. Brown letters will appear on the paper. Sometimes it happens that the "lemon" letter does not show up well for a couple. Then it also makes sense to iron it. If the idea baby If you like it, you can write secret messages to each other indefinitely.

By the way, you already showed baby color reaction between regular potato starch and iodine? We take a white starch suspension or starch paste, drip a drop of brown iodine and get a wonderful dark blue color. Well, isn't it a miracle? Here's another way to write a "secret" letter. Together with the baby, prepare a starch paste: dilute a teaspoon of starch with a small amount of cold water and, stirring vigorously, pour boiling water from the kettle. The mixture will thicken and become clear. We dip a cotton swab, a toothpick or a brush into the paste and write on paper. The developer in this case will be the already familiar iodine. To 4-5 teaspoons of water, add half a teaspoon of iodine and use a foam sponge to lightly moisten the paper with this mixture. Iodine will react with starch, and our invisible inscription will turn blue.

Wonder Crystals

Probably, crystals were grown in childhood, if not by all, then by many. Let's now do this beautiful and interesting experience with your baby. It does not require a lot of time to prepare, but it will occupy the attention of the crumbs for a long time. Very beautiful crystals are obtained from copper sulphate. But, due to the special toxicity of this substance, it will not suit us for children's experiments.

To get started, try growing a crystal from ordinary salt. We need a liter jar, two-thirds filled with hot water. We prepare a supersaturated saline solution by dissolving the salt until it can no longer dissolve. Now we will build the basis for our future crystal. Among the salt crystals, select the largest one and tie it to a nylon thread. This work is delicate, so her mother does it, and the baby watches with bated breath. Attach the other end of the thread to a pencil, place it on the neck of the jar, and dip the thread with a grain into the solution. Put the jar in a place where the baby can easily observe it, and explain to him that you can’t disturb the solution, you can only look. Otherwise, nothing will come of it. Crystal growth is a slow process. Gradually, salt crystals will settle on our salt grain, and it will increase. In a couple of weeks the spectacle will be impressive enough. If you couldn’t tie a salt crystal to a thread, try lowering a metal paper clip or carnation into the solution. They are attached in the same way.

Or you can try growing sugar crystals. The whole preparation procedure is exactly the same, only now sweet crystals will appear on the paper clip and thread, which you can even try. If these and similar very first, most simple experiments capture the baby, you can go further. On sale there is literature on this topic, and sets of devices and reagents for young physicists and chemists. Research interest, if it arises, must certainly be supported and developed. In the future, he will serve baby good service. And maybe a small home laboratory in the kitchen, in the nursery, on the balcony, in the country will be the beginning of big and serious experiments of your wonderful scientist.