The main indicator that limits the height for making a parachute jump can be called a transport aircraft.

Not a single aircraft that transports people is able to rise above the mark of 26 thousand meters. And even at this altitude, the aircraft is flying at too high a speed for a person to be able to jump out of the plane.

However, spaceships are capable of going much higher, but their movement through space is even faster, so that a parachuting paratrooper will need a heat-resistant suit to survive leaving the limits of the spacecraft.

There is the only aircraft that allows people to be transported, besides an airplane and a spacecraft, a hot air balloon. The highest mark that this air vehicle is capable of climbing is 34.668 meters. This is an absolute record, demonstrated by United States Navy officers Victor Prater and Malcolm Ross, at the moment when they moved from the Antietam to Mexico, and this was May 4, 1961. But they did not jump.

A man's parachute jump from the highest mark was made by Joseph Kittinger of the United States Air Force. He did this result from a balloon, which on August 16, 1960 rose to a height of 31 thousand 333 meters. Joseph was in freefall for four minutes and 36 seconds, reaching an average speed of 1,150 kilometers per hour. The parachute was opened at around five and a half thousand meters.

Skydiving standards for paratroopers

For a parachute jump, you can call a safe height from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.

If we talk about the maximum allowable lowest height, the paratroopers consider a height of less than fifty meters "bordering on suicide." Back in 2003, professional stuntman Harry Connery made a parachute jump from the monument to Nelson's Column (from a height of 51.5 meters), which is located in Trafalgar Square.

A large number of times, paratroopers parachuted from the top of the statue of Christ the Savior, located in Rio de Janeiro, jumped from St. Paul's Cathedral, which is located in London, and the height of these monuments is slightly more than 100 meters.

A little earlier, in October of the year before last, a paratrooper jump was made from the most significant height - 135,890 feet (over 40 thousand meters), which was made by the vice head of Google Alan Eustace. He was able to beat the previous planetary record of 127,852.4 feet (38,969.4 meters) set by Australian skydiver Felix Baumgartner in 2012. In two cases, the paratroopers were dressed in a spacesuit designed specifically for them.

In a standard setting, a parachute jump is made from a height of 4,200 meters. Above the accepted mark, the risk of oxygen starvation increases. In addition, when jumping from a height higher than the set one, a dense flow of oncoming air can reflect some problems in a skydiver.

In the lower atmospheric layers, the falling speed of a paratrooper during a long jump increases only at the moment of the first ten seconds (over the first hundred meters). The resistance of the air mass increases with increasing speed so significantly that very soon there comes a moment when the speed no longer changes. The motion changes from accelerating to uniform.

When falling through the upper, thinner atmospheric layers, a person will fly faster than the final falling speed in the lower layers, when the paratrooper meets them, and the resistance reaches its peak. Essentially, a person encounters the atmosphere. At the moment of a parachute jump in 1960, Kittinger described this force as shocking: at an altitude of 23 thousand meters, she showed 1.2 g (g is the overload value).

A fall from 75 thousand meters would have made a huge impact of 3 g at a height of 31 thousand meters, which would have lasted over 20 seconds. After that, the jump would not be anything remarkable. Marines that enter the lower atmosphere will not experience any problems from g-forces above 3 g if their bodies are positioned across the airflow to continue their time in the atmosphere, but they will be significantly hot.

Kittinger was wearing a special suit, the purpose of which was to protect him from low pressure in the stratosphere. But more difficult in such jumps is to maintain a position of stability in the process of free fall. In addition, Kittinger was equipped with a small stabilizing parachute, but he did not need it. Due to malfunctions, the parachute could not open, and the parachutist skidded into a tailspin. Kittinger was spinning very fast, about 120 revolutions per minute, the g-force level was 22 g. At the moment of such overloads, the stuntman lost consciousness. The main parachute was able to open thanks to a special automatic opening device.

One of the highest high jumps was planned to be part of Project Moose. It was considered a development by the United States of America that began in the early 1960s, and its object was a program that would allow an astronaut to skydive in low orbit of our planet directly from a spacecraft. It was expected that an astronaut with equipment would put on a parachute on his chest, and on his back - a folded plastic bag. The pressurized cylinder should spread the bag and fill it with polyurethane foam, which will create a heat shield. The astronaut leaves orbit, after which he begins to fall. Protected from heat by a screen, it waits until it reaches the lower atmospheric layers, after which the parachute opens and the screen is removed.

The work that was carried out by the General Electric organization demonstrated that the idea, although quite good at first glance, was not unworkable. A heat shield sample was created and foam samples sent to the spacecraft. However, neither NASA nor the Air Force paid much attention to this undertaking.

Theoretically, you can skydive from any height, the only question is the expediency and safety of this event. Based on these considerations, the minimum and maximum limits are set. They are primarily due to the design of the parachute, as well as the preparedness of the parachutist and the type of jump he makes.

Beginning skydivers usually jump with a D-5 or D-6 landing parachute. Sometimes a D-1-5U parachute is also offered. The advantage of the latter is its manageability, as evidenced by the letter "U" in the model name. Jumps with such a parachute are carried out from a height of 700-900 meters. The opening of the dome occurs almost immediately after separation from the aircraft.

As an alternative to landing, parachutes of the "Wing" type are often used. Unlike the first, they do not have a round, but a rectangular dome. They require more training to operate, but they are highly maneuverable and have good lifting power. Beginners jump with a parachute type "Wing" from a height of about 1200 meters.

Professional athletes who are well trained usually jump from a height of at least 2000 meters. In this case, they have the opportunity to experience all the delights of free fall, which beginners are usually deprived of. If a skydiver plans to perform any acrobatic elements, the height from which it is performed must be at least 3000-4000 meters. Beginners can jump from such a height only in one parachute system by an instructor. In this case, the responsibility for opening the parachute, control and soft landing lies entirely with the tandem master.

Why restrictions are needed and what is the critical minimum

Restrictions on the minimum height of the jump were not invented by chance. The fact is that it takes some time for the parachute to fill with air. If the specified requirements are neglected, there is a high probability that the parachute simply does not have time to open up to the end, and the skydiver will receive serious injuries when it does. The critical minimum for full deployment of an amphibious parachute is 250-300 meters.

There are also small parachutes that are used to jump from fixed objects (bridges, rocks, tall buildings). This sport is called base jumping and, due to its high traumatism, is classified as extremely extreme. The minimum height for a jump with such a parachute is 100-150 meters.

However, there are many records in parachuting, including the minimum jump height. The record, which no one has been able to beat so far, is set by Tereke Spencer, who, during World War II, in 1945, parachuted out of a downed fighter jet from a height of just over 10 meters. However, it is hardly worth trying fate and repeating his feat in peacetime in the absence of urgent need.

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Cash reward for skydiving (landing with equipment)

170. To military personnel for parachute jumps (landing with equipment) from aircraft (helicopters) provided for by the approved combat (training) training plan, as well as experimental jumps performed on the instructions of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force or, accordingly, the commander of the Airborne Forces, the head Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy, the monetary reward is paid in the following amounts:

171. Military personnel who have the title of master of parachuting or international class master or honored master of parachuting are paid a monetary reward for each jump from an aircraft, starting from 201 to 1000 jumps, in the amount of 12 percent, and for each jump, starting from 1001 , - in the amount of 13 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category (Appendix N 2 to this Procedure).
172. For each complicated parachute jump, but for no more than two complication factors, and for the graduate who has made a parachute jump, for no more than three complication factors, the amount of monetary reward increases by 2 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category ( Appendix N 2 to this Procedure).
Complicated jumps include:
for fulfilling the duties of a releaser (when making a jump);
with a parachute opening delay of at least 20 s, including with fall stabilization;
to a limited area;
in difficult weather conditions (when the height of the lower edge of the clouds is below the specified throw height);
when the wind speed near the ground is more than 5 m/s;
to landing sites (exceeding 500 m above sea level);
at night, on water (except for jumping in diving equipment) or forest;
with weapons (except for a pistol);
with a cargo container weighing more than 4 kg, excluding service equipment;
following the landing equipment;
from heights less than 500 m and more than 4000 m;
from an aircraft at a flight speed of over 200 km/h.
173. For parachute jumps made by the ejection method and on the water in diving equipment, the amount of monetary reward calculated in the manner prescribed by paragraphs 171-172 of this Procedure is increased by the decision of the commander of the military unit to 4 percent of the salary for a military position for 10 tariff category ( Appendix N 2 to this Procedure) depending on the complexity of the jump.
For landing inside equipment or together with it, a monetary reward is paid in the amount of 20 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category (Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure) to each serviceman.
174. When making experimental jumps in excess of the monetary reward provided for in paragraphs 171 - 172 of this Procedure, an additional 3 to 10 percent of the salary for a military position in the 10th tariff category (Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure) is paid, depending on the complexity of the jump.
The amount of additional remuneration for each experimental jump is determined by the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force or, respectively, the commander of the Airborne Forces, the head of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy, upon approval of the report on the jump.
175. The monetary reward to the military personnel specified in subparagraphs "a" and "b" of paragraph 170 of this Procedure is paid for no more than two jumps, to the military personnel indicated in subparagraph "c" of the same paragraph - for no more than three jumps made one day. This restriction does not apply to experimental jumps.
Military personnel who have the title of master of parachuting or master of international class or honored master of parachuting are paid a monetary reward for all parachute jumps made within one day, but within the limits of paid jumps.
176. Monetary remuneration during the calendar year is paid for parachute jumps made according to the combat (training) training plan, but not more than within the annual norms of paid jumps established for certain categories of military personnel by officials specified in paragraph 170 of this Procedure.
177. Military personnel who are members of sports parachute teams are paid monetary rewards for parachute jumps made according to the combat (training) training plan, but not more than:
for teams of formations, associations and military educational institutions of vocational education - 150 jumps per year;
for teams of combined services of the Armed Forces and branches of the Armed Forces - 200 jumps per year;
for teams of national teams of the Armed Forces and servicemen of the 3rd Central Sports Parachute Club - 400 jumps per year.
Servicemen who are part of the combined sports parachute teams of the branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the Armed Forces, in addition to the specified norm, are allowed to make 50 paid parachute jumps in preparation for the championship of the Armed Forces and each international competition.
178. The monetary reward is paid by the military unit in which the jumps were made, on the basis of the order of the commander of the military unit, indicating in it the date of each jump, complication factors and what the jump is in order.
When determining the amount of monetary remuneration, all documented parachute jumps made by a serviceman, including in the period before conscription (entry) for military service, are taken into account.
179. Cash reward is not paid for parachute jumps made:
not according to the combat (training) training plan;
in excess of two or three jumps per day for the relevant categories of military personnel;
in excess of the annual rate of paid jumps established for a separate category of military personnel.
180. Citizens called up in accordance with the established procedure for training and verification camps, performing parachute jumps (landing with equipment) during these training camps, monetary remuneration is subject to payment in the manner and in the amount established by paragraphs 170 - 179 of this Procedure for the relevant categories of military personnel.

The airborne troops plan to train about 300 high-altitude airborne specialists by the end of 2015, who will be able to jump from a height of up to 8,000 meters.

This was reported by "Interfax-AVN" with reference to the representative of the press service and information department of the Russian Ministry of Defense on the Airborne Forces, Lieutenant Colonel Yevgeny Meshkov. According to the plans of the command of the airborne troops, a battalion capable of landing from heights of four to eight kilometers and a unit of instructors for high-altitude airborne training should appear. High-altitude paratroopers must be able to skillfully use special oxygen equipment and use the Arbalet special-purpose parachute system.

The basic program for the training of high-altitude specialists is designed for five to ten weeks, taking into account their performance from 100 to 250 practical parachute jumps with a delay in opening the main parachute from 80 to 130 seconds.

We must immediately clarify - there will be no mass jumps from prohibitive heights. This is the privilege of scouts. In addition, for combat use, not "Crossbows", with which you can only train, will be used, but completely different and still secret parachute systems.

It is important for the paratroopers to deliver their troops to the landing zone so that the planes do not end up in the air defense zone. And the landing itself should be carried out as quickly as possible, if possible, in a heap and so as not to fall under fire from the ground. To do this, they fly behind enemy lines at the highest possible height, and jump from the maximum possible to the lower limit.

Is it possible to jump from a flight altitude that is unattainable for military air defense systems?

Quite a lot of research work has been carried out. By the way, it was held not only in Russia, but also in the United States. Overseas, I must say, they succeeded, and high-altitude landing there is in the order of things.

It turned out that it was possible to jump from heights up to eight kilometers with a delay in the opening of the parachute so that the domes opened almost at the ground. But it turned out to be problematic to throw heavy equipment with a delay. And it could turn out that all the troops would gather in the indicated landing area, and the armored vehicles would fly away somewhere very far away. Quite objectively, it turned out that jumping from extreme heights is only suitable for special forces and reconnaissance units or those who must ensure the landing zone of the main landing force from the ground, clearing it of enemy fire weapons.

In the United States, high-altitude jumps have been mastered and are also used only in the special forces of the "green berets" and special operations forces.

What does high-altitude landing give paratroopers-special forces? You can leave the plane tens of kilometers from the planned landing site. Then silently plan and land right on the spot. Modern systems have a semi-automatic parachute control system for given coordinates. As a rule, the landing takes place at night, the parachutes are camouflaged, and it is almost impossible to see the commandos in the sky. Such jumps are very difficult. In addition to weapons and other equipment, the paratrooper has special oxygen equipment.

According to our experts, the United States has been ahead of us in high-altitude landing of its special forces for a long time. The break came a few years ago. An experimental program for special parachute training of the Special Operations Forces was developed and approved by the Chief of the General Staff. It has been successfully mastered. Created and is in the stage of adoption of domestic equipment and parachute systems, no worse than American ones, which allow the domestic Special Operations Forces to perform any tasks anywhere in the world.

• “Of the five thousand residents of Rostov celebrating the Day of the Airborne Forces, only one and a half thousand actually served in the landing troops”
  

Today is Air Force Day!

Airborne Troops Day!

Day of the Paratroopers or "Paratroopers"!

Of course, every year, the Landing Forces are becoming quieter. Grandiose fights and showdowns with the "Watermelon" mafia in the markets are slowly becoming a thing of the past. Still, our country is becoming more and more rigid to all kinds of lawlessness, on the one hand, on the other hand, we are at war in some places of the ball. And it has long been noticed that if the country's Army conducts real hostilities, fewer people bathe in fountains and go to protest rallies.

Therefore, the question is always relevant, how to distinguish a real paratrooper from someone who just puts on a vest and takes it, or maybe having made a “Throwout” tattoo, thumps in the fountain and tells army tales.

By the way, Muscovites differ in this. Anyone who served in the Airborne Forces knows that it is among those called up from Moscow that rotten soldiers are more common ...

Of course, not all, among the guys from Moscow there are many excellent fighters. I myself had a "druzhban" from the Capital in the army.

But honestly, everyone knows that among the inhabitants of Moscow there are “not quite good comrades”, more than from the outskirts of the country ...

We had a “Moskvich” in our company, the only communist among the soldiers. By the way, he was sent to the army after a “ball” (a ball or another slang expression in the army and airborne forces) in civilian life. He was a released secretary of the Komsomol, I do not remember where. There was a delay, but flew in, and was sent to serve in the elite troops. I'm sure he bathes in the fountain and thumps in a beret and vest.

But for one real paratrooper there are several fake ones. So let's start learning to identify the deceiver. I will give below a few questions and some detailed answers to these questions.

Knowing the answers to these questions, you can identify a fake "Landing"!

1. Where did you serve?

The answer to the Airborne Forces or the DSB does not work, as does the DMB (this is a demobilization!). Like the place of service, such as Pskov, Ryazan and so on. Maybe he had heard enough of the army tales of his older brother or neighbor. By the way, in addition, there may even be construction battalion workers in the military camp of the landing unit. For example, in Pskov. If anyone remembers, soldiers from the construction battalion went to the photographer and took photos in the “demobilization parade with axels” and a blue beret. They were sent home and boldly told that they were serving in the Airborne Forces. Of course they did it in secret. The construction battalion troops were not very fond of. In Pskov, there was a garrison bay (guard watch), this is the place where soldiers and officers are kept for minor and major violations of military discipline. The bay was guarded by the guard of the Pskov division

2. Part number?

Each military unit has a number. The unit number is driven into the soldier's head. As well as the number of the machine and the military ID. I served almost 30 years ago and still remember.

3. VUS what?

VUS, this military registration specialty is written in the Military ID. If such a Trooper shows you his soldier, then looking at his VUS, you will understand who he really is. “Military registration specialty (VUS) - an indication of the military specialty of an active or in reserve serviceman of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops and formations. Information about the VUS is entered into the military ID. All VUS are divided into groups, the VUS designation itself is a multi-digit number (for example, VUS-250400).

Possible list of military specialties

Apparently, there are no open sources containing the decoding of the codes of all currently operating VUS: the VUS catalog is a document of the Russian Ministry of Defense with a “Secret” degree of secrecy.

The first three digits of the VUS of warrant officers, sergeants, foremen and soldiers indicate specialization (VUS code), for example:

100 - rifle
101 - snipers
102 - grenade launchers
106 - military intelligence
107 - units and divisions of Special Forces
122 - BMD
461 - HF radio stations
998 - not having military training, fit for military service
999 - the same, only RESTRICTLY fit for military service, etc.

The next three digits indicate the position (position code):

97 - ZKV
182 - KO
259 - MV
001 - battery man, etc.

The letter at the end indicates "special signs of service":

A - having none
B - missile weapons specialists
D - Airborne Forces
K - crew of surface ships
M - MP
P - V.v.
R - PV (FPS)
S - Ministry of Emergency Situations (?)
T - construction units and subdivisions
F - SpN, etc.
E - Flight personnel for ensigns, sergeants, soldiers

4. How many times did you jump? Usually you will hear mind-blowing numbers of 30-40-50, and maybe 100 jumps. “The annual norm for a conscript soldier is 12 jumps, 6 in each training period. In general, parachute training is a prerequisite for service in the Airborne Forces. Everyone is landing - from the general to the private, ”- an interview with Shamanov. Who is not in the know, Vladimir Shamanov Commander of the Airborne Forces and Colonel General. Even in the USSR, jumping more than 20 times for military service was problematic. Because a soldier took up guard duties (this is when a man with a gun guards Guba, warehouses and parks with equipment), went to outfits in the park (where the equipment is), finally to outfit in the dining room (where he peeled potatoes, set the table and washed dishes), stood “on the bedside table” (attire for the company), and so on ... In the army, self-service, the soldier did everything himself and to make the jump, no one released him. Of course, there were sports companies in the army. These are free units, where soldiers mainly train and perform for the unit. For example, where I served, there was a "squadron". Conscripts are skydivers who only jumped and competed. But this is a separate caste, they even went in a peculiar form, officer overcoats and epaulettes of conscripts. The beginnings of a contract army. I am not talking about contract sergeants and ensigns. They were already professional soldiers then. But an ordinary paratrooper did not jump very much. Just like now. Only “for demobilization” could buy a “nauseous” (badge parachutist in the form of a dome with a pendant in the form of numbers according to the number of jumps) with a large number of jumps.

5. Did you jump in combat? Many fake paratroopers do not know that the Airborne Forces and all kinds of special forces can jump in several ways.

Here are the simplest ones:

Without weapons and RD (Paratrooper Backpack)

With RD and weapons in the transport position. Automatic, SVD and even RPG, in a special transport case, "screwed" behind the back of a dashing landing.

With RD and GK (Cargo Container)

With weapons "in combat", on the chest under the chest jumper of the suspension system. Allows you to fire while descending on a parachute, directly from the sky.

Then there are night ones, on the forest, on the water, high-rise and so on. Only inside the equipment no one jumps, although this option has been worked out for war. The son of the legendary founder of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov, Alexander Margelov, back in 1973 made a parachute jump inside the BMD-1. For this feat, he was awarded the title of Hero of Russia, after 20 years ... Since then, more than 110 people have jumped inside the equipment, but these are testers. An ordinary paratrooper who will tell you about this, just pi ....!

6. Did you jump with the ISS? For reference, the MKS is a multi-dome system for landing equipment, for example MKS-5-760. A person just can't jump with this crap. But I met Landing Forces who claimed that they jumped with her ... In the Airborne Forces, they jump mainly with parachutes: D-1-8 is the oldest parachute, created back in 1959. This parachute has the main advantage, the dome cover clings through an extension halyard to an airplane or helicopter. The paratrooper doesn't even have a ring. Led to the hatch, gave a kick in the ass. Then everything works automatically without any devices. This is the perfect parachute for the first jump. 300% guarantee, the main thing when laying is not to twist the lines. D-1-5U is the oldest controlled parachute. D-6 and all its modifications. You have seen this dome in most films about the Airborne Forces. The paratroopers fly for some time on a stabilizing small canopy. The same canopy extends the main canopy of the parachute, if you pull the ring or when the safety device of the PPK-U type is triggered. PPK-U - Semiautomatic Parachute Combined Unified (device) - designed to open the parachute pack (after a certain period of time at a certain height). Now they plan to put D-10 in the troops. PSN - Special Purpose Parachute. I jumped from PSN-71, it is more manageable. It has rolls for better handling (which we were forbidden to uncheck) and locks on the suspension system. When landing, you can immediately unfasten the dome. For example, in the wind, when jumping into the water or in battle. It was created for the GRU Spetsnaz and reconnaissance units of the Airborne Forces. Software - Planning Shell. These are the same rectangular “wings” or “mattresses” on which all athletes now jump. From PO-9, from the times of the USSR, to modern PO-16, PO-17 and the famous "Crossbows". A conscript has never jumped with such domes!

7. And finally, what is "Razor - smile"? Or were you shaved with a smile? This is a flexible hairpin from the same PPK-U device. In the Airborne Forces and civilian paratroopers, the most fashionable keychain and souvenir. On the neck, on the keys and so on. The hairpin, when unbent, specifically clings to the hairs, no worse than an epilator. In the army, it is used as a punishment for negligent fighters, and just "for fun." Airborne humor, I shaved with a smile. Have you been shaved with a smile? Understandable only to paratroopers.

In principle, there is still a lot of information that only those who served in the Airborne Forces can know. But I think that what I wrote will be enough to identify fake paratroopers who dishonor the glorious name of Uncle Vasya's Troops. Vasily Margelov is the founder of the Airborne Forces and the father of all paratroopers!

Happy Airborne Forces Day to all real paratroopers!
Nobody except us!

I work as a fitness instructor. I have a professional education and 25 years of coaching experience. I help people lose weight or gain muscle mass and stay healthy at the same time. I conduct training via the Internet or in the Mamba fitness club in the city of Rostov-on-Don.