Iskander 13 feat of Hercules characterization of heroes. "The thirteenth feat of Hercules" the main characters. "13 feat of Hercules" main characters
The famous writer Fazil Abdulovich Iskander wrote a funny story "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules" in 1964. The readers of this work were children who got acquainted with such concepts as honor and dishonor, cowardice and dignity, deceit and betrayal.
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story idea
Fazil Iskander shows that the hero gradually comes to the conclusion that it is possible to fight lies and laughter can be the main weapon in this. After what happened to him, the boy began to diligently do his homework.
The main character sincerely trusts his math teacher and is not at all offended by him for the fact that he, with humor and laughter, tried to teach them not to offend each other, not to lie, but to treat themselves and others with dignity.
Heroes of the work "The thirteenth feat of Hercules"
In Fazil Iskander's story "The 13th Feat of Hercules", which is easy and affordable to read online, there is only one hero. But in order to better understand his act, in order to correctly assess what he did and how the teacher behaved, the author also shows several of the boy's classmates:
- Adolf Komarov. He sits at the same desk with the main character, and the guys call him simply Alik.
- Sakharov, excellent student.
- Shurik Avdeenko. He always writes off his homework.
There are other characters in the story who can be attributed to the world of adults. This is, first of all, the teacher of mathematics Kharlampy Diogenovich, the director of the school, the head teacher, doctor and nurse Galya.
Story plan
Often at school, when studying a story, students are given an outline to draw up at home or in the classroom, writing out only the main thoughts. Abstracts can also become points of the plan, which can also be used to write an essay on this work.
Work plan:
Each reader, whose abstract is not difficult to compose, will be able to understand and appreciate the method of a mathematics teacher who tried to properly and adequately educate children.
Brief retelling of the work "The Thirteenth Feat"
All mathematics teachers are usually sloppy people and, despite their genius, weak-willed. But at the school where the hero studied, math teacher was the opposite. His name was Kharlampy Diogenovich. By origin, like Pythagoras, he was a Greek. After his appearance in the classroom, silence always reigned. Sometimes this silence was broken by laughter, which was organized by the teacher himself.
It happened that some student was half a minute late, and the teacher was already standing at the door of the class, then Kharlampy Diogenovich tried to let such a student through. At the same time, his face began to express joyful hospitality, as if it was such a big holiday that the child still decided to attend this lesson. And when a late student with an unsteady gait begins to move around the class to sit down in his place, the math teacher will definitely call him some name from history. For example, the Prince of Wales.
The class started laughing at that. And after that, Kharlampy Diogenovich sits down and immediately there is silence. Lesson starts. In addition to the journal, the teacher also had a notebook where he constantly wrote down something during the survey. He never yelled or called his parents to school. On control work, he was calm and always gave the opportunity to write off. But the guys were afraid to do it, because he always recognized the work that was written off, and made fun of this student in front of the whole class. Nobody wanted to be ridiculed, so they tried not to cheat.
The main weapon of the teacher was to make a person funny, and he did it in such a way that it even became insulting. For example, Shurik Avdeenko, for his desire to write off on tests from an excellent student Sakharov, he called a black swan who is about to break his neck.
Once the main character of the story became funny, on whose behalf the story goes. He did not solve the problem that was given at home. The boy sat for a long time over her decision, but his decision did not want to agree with the answer. So the next day he came to school early. Since they studied on the second shift, it was not difficult to do this. But, having learned that one of the guys didn’t do it either, he calmed down and began to play football.
When the bell rang, it turned out that all the guys did this task. The hero waited in horror for the moment when the teacher would ask him. But Kharlampy Diogenovich was in no hurry. Suddenly the door opened and a doctor and a nurse entered the room. But they were looking for 5 "A" class, and the boy studied in "B".
Then the main character offered his help in order to lead the medical workers to the wing where the parallel class was studying. But suddenly, unexpectedly for himself, the boy told the adults that they now needed to get injections, since at the next lesson they were going to the local history museum in an organized manner. So the doctor and nurse returned to the classroom again.
At this time, Shurik Avdeenko was standing at the blackboard and could not explain his home task in any way. The teacher gave the doctors the opportunity to do their job, and he sat down at the desk. His whole appearance showed that he was sad and a little offended. Avdeenko was the first to be vaccinated, and then the neighbor on the desk became very worried. The main character tried to calm him down and cheer him up a little, but nothing worked. He even talked about suffering from chronic malaria.
When Alik became ill during the injection and they put him on a chair, the boy decided that he needed to call an ambulance. Kharlampy Diogenovich looked angrily at the main character, and the nurse shoved a vial under Alik's nose, and he immediately jumped up and went to his place. The boy was also given an injection.
When the doctors left, there was still time until the end of the lesson. Kharlampy Diogenovich began to sort out his rosary and began to talk about the fact that in ancient Greek mythology Hercules had 12 labors. But today, according to the teacher, the main character decided to change history. But only the ancient Greek hero performed his feats bravely and courageously, but the thirteenth feat was accomplished because of cowardice. And when he called the main character to the blackboard to ask for a solution to the problem, the whole class froze. But there was no answer, but the whole class began to laugh. The class bell sounded like it was a funeral bell.
Since then, the boy has become more serious about homework.. He never regretted what happened to him and was grateful to his teacher for the fact that he tempered children's souls with laughter and taught them to treat themselves correctly.
The title of the story already indicates on the connection of the work with Ancient Greece. Myths immediately come to mind, which tells about the 12 exploits of Hercules. But the act of the boy, whom the teacher jokingly calls Heracles, is completely different from the feat. After all, it was done because of cowardice and weakness.
The teacher, who knew ancient Greek mythology perfectly, constantly told some episodes and taught children in such a way that laughter and humor were his main weapons. None of the guys wanted to look funny, so they tried to complete all the tasks on time, and not to misbehave.
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The mathematician Kharlampy Diogenovich was noticeably different from his slovenly colleagues. With his appearance in the class, strict discipline was established. The lessons were so quiet that the headmaster could not believe that the students were in their places and not in the stadium. Silence reigned as soon as the teacher entered the classroom, and lasted until the end of the lesson. Sometimes there was laughter. Kharlampy Diogenovich allowed himself to joke, and the guys laughed merrily. For example, he could show the greatest respect to a late student by giving him the way to class and calling him after him the Prince of Wales. The teacher never cursed, never called parents to school. The guys did not write off the control ones, because they knew that Kharlampy Diogenovich would immediately recognize such a work and ridicule a negligent student. The narrator did not escape the fate of being funny in front of the whole class.
One day he could not solve the problem. Without doing his homework, he came to school. After making sure that the other guys did not agree with the answer either, the boy ran to play football. Just before the start of the lesson, he learned that the excellent student Sakharov had coped with the task. And at the desk neighbor Adolf Komarov, the problem was also solved. The narrator froze in anticipation of what would be asked of him. A doctor and a nurse entered the classroom. They were looking for a fifth "A" class to vaccinate. Out of fear, the boy volunteered to show where the class was and the teacher gave him permission. On the way, he learns that their class is scheduled to be vaccinated in the next lesson and informs the medics that the class will go to the museum. Running into the classroom in front of the doctor, the narrator saw that Shurik Avdeenko was solving the problem at the blackboard, but he could not explain the solution. The teacher sent him to his place, and praised Adolf for the solved problem.
When the doctors returned, they said that the children needed to be vaccinated and the teacher allowed them to take a lesson. Avdeenko was the first to be vaccinated. He did it without fear, because the vaccine saved him from a possible deuce. Adolf Komarov was pale. The neighbor on the desk consoled him, but it did not work. The injection made Alik even paler, and the doctor had to give him ammonia. The narrator was proud of Alik that he did not feel the prick, although this was not true. The doctors are gone.
There was little time left before the end of the lesson. Kharlampy Diogenovich thoughtfully began a story about the twelve labors of Hercules and about a certain young man who decided to correct Greek mythology with his thirteenth labor. The teacher said that this feat was accomplished out of cowardice, and for the sake of what it was done, he asked the narrator to explain, calling him to the blackboard. Kharlampy Diogenovich asked the boy to tell how he solved his homework. The student tried to play for time, but he looked more and more ridiculous and ridiculous. Since then, the boy has become more serious about doing homework. Reasoning, he came to the conclusion that the worst thing is that a person ceases to be afraid of being funny. This may bring misfortune upon him. The arrogant Roman emperors did not see in time how ridiculous they really were, and that is why the great empire perished.
"The 13th feat of Hercules" a summary for the reader's diary will remind you of the events in the story.
"13 feat of Hercules" very brief content
The thirteenth labor of Hercules is a short story written in 1964 by Fazil Iskander.
The story is told in the first person - a fifth grade student.
In the new academic year, a new mathematics teacher appears at the school, the Greek Kharlampy Diogenovich. The mathematician manages to establish “exemplary silence” in the lessons, he intrigued his pupils by the fact that he never raised his voice, did not force him to study, did not threaten to call his parents to school. Humor was his main weapon. If the student was somehow guilty, Kharlampy Diogenovich joked with him, and the whole class could not help laughing ..
When it came time to write the control, everyone wrote with their minds and did not copy off, because they knew that Kharlampy Diogenovich would immediately figure out the deceiver and, in addition, would laugh.
One day, a student of the 5th “B” class, the main character of the story, without doing his homework, is waiting for the lesson with fear. At the beginning of the lesson, a doctor and a nurse enter the class and vaccinate against typhoid among the students of the school. At first, injections were supposed to be given to the 5-"A" class, and they went to 5-"B" by mistake. The boy decides to take advantage of the opportunity and offers to take them to the 5-"A" class. On the way, he convinces the doctor that it's best to start giving injections from their class. So he wanted to wait until the end of the lesson.
When during the vaccination one of the students of the class became ill, our hero decides to call an ambulance. But the nurse brings the boy to his senses. After the nurse and the doctor left, Kharlampy Diogenovich calls our hero to the board, but he does not cope with the task. The wise teacher tells the class about the 12 exploits of Hercules and says that 13 have now been completed. But Hercules performed his feats out of courage, and the boy performed this feat because of his cowardice.
The hero "became more serious about homework" and thought about the nature of laughter. He realized that laughter helps fight lies, falsehood, deceit; realized that "too afraid to look funny is not very smart, but it's much worse not to be afraid of it at all." That is, any person can be in a ridiculous position, but it’s bad not to understand that you are ridiculous, to be stupid. The hero is grateful to the teacher: with laughter, he “tempered our crafty children’s souls and taught us to treat our own person with a sufficient sense of humor”
Option 1
A new mathematics teacher Kharlampy Diogenovich appears at the school. From the first minutes of his appearance at school, he manages to establish "exemplary silence" in the lessons. Kharlampy Diogenovich immediately intrigued his pupils by the fact that he never raised his voice, did not force him to study, did not threaten to call his parents to school. Humor was his main weapon. If the student was somehow guilty, Kharlampy Diogenovich joked with him, and the whole class could not help laughing.
Once a student of the 5th "B" class (from whom the narration is being conducted), having not learned his homework, came to a lesson with Kharlampy Diogenovich. The boy was very afraid that after going to the blackboard with his homework, he would become a target for his teacher's sparkling humor. Some time after the start of the lesson, a doctor entered the classroom along with a nurse who were vaccinating against typhus among the students of the school. They were looking for 5 "A", but mistakenly entered a parallel class. To protect himself from going to the blackboard, the student-narrator volunteered to take the doctors to the lesson by 5 "A". Moreover, while they were walking through the corridors of the school, the "valiant" fifth-grader managed to convince the doctors to start vaccination in 5 "B". Thus, he managed to save himself and his classmates from the inevitable deuce and humor of the teacher.
After the doctoral "executions" that disrupted the lesson, there was very little time left before the bell bell, and during this period Kharlampy Diogenovich decided to listen to the solution of the homework from our fifth grader. The hero, who had just saved the class, could not escape either the sarcasm of his teacher or the laughter of his classmates. Since then, he has become much more responsible in approaching homework. This feat was not due to courage, but due to cowardice, due to the fact that he did not do his homework in mathematics.
Option 2
In Fazil Iskander's story "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules", the story is told on behalf of a boy who studies in the fifth grade of a men's school in Georgia.
The story takes place during the war. We learn about this from the narrator himself, who teases his desk mate named Adolf.
The protagonist of the story is a smart, mischievous and crafty boy. He, like many boys, loves to play football, sometimes he cannot cope with the task, laughs with everyone at his classmates, whom Kharlampy Diogenovich, the teacher, puts in a ridiculous position.
The hero treats his classmates in a friendly manner, with irony. The narrator is observant and accurately describes the main features of his friends. He notices the constant well-being of Sakharov, who, even laughing, tries to remain an excellent student, notices the modesty and invisibility of Alik Komarov and the gloom of Shurik Avdeenko. But Kharlampy Diogenovich has no favorites in the class. Anyone can be funny. And then the moment comes when the class laughs at the main character.
The main character did not cope with the task in mathematics. Instead of asking for help from his comrades, he played football before the lessons, convincing himself that the answer in the textbook was wrong. Then he tried to evade responsibility for his actions by tricking and deceiving doctors into giving injections during a math lesson. When he finds himself at the blackboard and does not find the strength to honestly admit that he did not solve the problem, then Kharlampy Diogenovich understands why the doctors came specifically to the mathematics lesson.
The teacher does not punish the student with laughter, but his cowardice. He says that the narrator performed "the thirteenth feat of Hercules", that is, a feat that actually did not exist, which is not a feat at all. Yes, he changed the situation, but he changed it not out of noble motives, but out of cowardice.
Year of publication of the story: 1964
The story "The thirteenth feat of Hercules" was written in 1964. The work is included in the story "School Waltz, or the Energy of Shame" and is largely autobiographical. The story, along with the whole story, occupies a worthy place among readers and is deservedly included in the school curriculum.
The story "The thirteenth feat of Hercules" summary
At the beginning of the story “The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules”, we can read that all the mathematics teachers with whom the narrator was familiar did not have special accuracy and, despite all their genius, were rather weak-willed people. But then one day a new teacher appeared at the school. His name was Kharlampy Diogenovich and by origin he, like Pythagoras, was a Greek. From the very first days of work, he was able to gain authority among his students. There was such silence in his lessons in the classroom that sometimes the director came to check if the children had run away from the lesson to the stadium.
And the students often ran to the stadium. The reason was the watchman Uncle Vasya, whom the children liked to anger with their appearance. The school management even wrote a complaint to the director of the stadium to be moved to some other place so as not to interfere with the educational process. But the complaint was not heard. The only thing that the stadium management did was to replace the wooden fence with a stone one.
Often students went to the stadium skipping singing lessons. But no caretaker Uncle Vasya could force the children to run away from the math lesson. The respect for the teacher was so strong that as soon as Kharlampy Diogenovich entered the classroom, silence reigned there, which lasted until the end of the lesson. Sometimes the teacher diluted the atmosphere in the lesson with some witty joke.
For example, if a student was late for a lesson by a few seconds and ran into Kharlampy Diogenovich at the door, the teacher did not shout or get angry. With a respectful gesture, he invited the latecomer to enter the class, as if hinting that he was letting some important person go ahead. And when a student awkwardly enters the office, the teacher, announcing what kind of important person this was, said something witty. For example:
— The Prince of Wales!
All the children started laughing. They had no idea who this Prince of Wales was, but they knew for sure that the latecomer was not.
Kharlampy Diogenovich was small in stature, always neatly dressed and calm enough. Even during tests, he did not walk around the class, but sat quietly at his desk and read something. And, despite the lack of control, the students rarely cheated. They knew that the teacher would immediately notice such work and ridicule it in front of the whole class.
The main feature of Kharlampy Diogenovich was the ability to make the student look ridiculous in front of everyone. He did not shout, did not call his parents to school, did not get angry at those who had bad grades or bad behavior in the classroom. He made them look funny in front of his classmates. And when everyone started laughing at such a student, he felt ashamed without unnecessary cries and moralizing.
Once the main character of the story had such a fate - to become ridiculous in front of his own friends. The boy did not do his homework. More precisely, he tried to solve the problem about an artillery shell, but the resulting answer did not agree with the one in the problem book itself. When a student came to school, he asked a football classmate if he had succeeded in solving this problem. And, having heard that his answer also did not agree with the one in the book, they decided that the mistake was in the textbook and went to play football. Before the lesson itself, the boy asked the excellent student Sakharov if he had done his homework, and he gave an affirmative answer.
Then the bell rang and Kharlampy Diogenovich entered the classroom. The main character was very afraid that the teacher would feel his excitement and call him to the blackboard. He sat down in his seat. His desk neighbor was Adolf Komarov, who, because of the war, was ashamed of his name and asked everyone to call him Alik. But the kids still sometimes teased him about Hitler.
Further, Iskander's story "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules" tells how Kharlampy Diogenovich begins the lesson. There was no student on duty in the class and the teacher was waiting for the headman to wipe the blackboard and was about to start the lesson when the nurse entered the class. She asked if 5-A was in this room. Kharlampy Diogenovich sharply answered them that 5-B was sitting here. He understood that the nurse wanted to get vaccinated, but he really did not want the lesson to be disrupted. The nurse and doctor left. Since the main character was sitting near the door, he asked the teacher if he could quickly go out and show the doctor where the 5-A class was. He released the student.
The boy joyfully left the classroom and ran for the doctors. Catching up with the women, he asked if his class would give injections. He was told that paramedics would come to 5-B during the next lesson. But the student lied, saying that just in the next lesson, their entire class is heading to the library. Then the doctor and the nurse decided to come back and vaccinate the 5-A students. The boy was delighted. He suffered from malaria since childhood, suffered many injections and was no longer afraid of them. 
They returned to class. Shurik Avdeenko stood near the board and tried to solve the problem about an artillery shell. The doctor announced that she and the nurse were now going to give the whole class vaccinations against typhus. They decided to call the children to the doctors according to the list from the magazine. The first to go was Avdeenko, who had just sat down at his desk. At that time, Alik Komarov waited in horror for his turn. The main character tried to calm him down, but the boy was terrified of injections.
When the time came to give an injection to Komarov, he went to the doctor, as if he were going to hard labor. As soon as the injection was given, the boy suddenly turned white and lost consciousness. Everyone in the class was scared. The doctor seated Alik on a chair, slipped a vial under the boy's nose, and he came to his senses. The boy returned to his place already confidently and businesslike, as if he had not died a few minutes ago.
When the main character was given an injection, he did not even feel it. The doctor praised the boy for his courage and sent him to his place. Still later, injections were given to all the students, the doctors said goodbye and left the office.
Further in the work “13 feat of Hercules” we can read that Kharlampy Diogenovich asked to open the window in order to get rid of the smell of medicines in the classroom. He sat down at the table, took out a rosary and began to sort out one after another the beads from them. The disciples knew that at such moments he was telling something very interesting and instructive.
He began his story with what, according to ancient Greek mythology, was perfect. But now a man appeared who decided to perform the thirteenth feat of the hero. Only in Hercules did all the feats out of courage, and this young man out of cowardice. In Iskander's story, the feat of Hercules, of course, had a metaphorical meaning, since everyone knows that the ancient Greek hero performed only twelve feats.
Further in the short story "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules" you will learn that the main character suspected something was wrong. Kharlampy Diogenovich called the boy to the blackboard and asked him to solve a home problem. For a long time the main character thought about how to get out of this situation, and at the same time the boy became terribly ashamed. He stood at the blackboard and could not say anything except the phrase "artillery shell." The teacher asked if he had swallowed for an hour this projectile, which he had been talking about for so long. The boy was confused and said that he had swallowed it.