Non-lethal weapon killing sound, weapon non-lethal action. Non-lethal weapon - Armament - Army (Ground forces) - Top secret - Pentagonus

Non-lethal weapon (OND), this phrase alone contains a contradiction. Each of us knows from childhood that the purpose of any weapon is ultimately to kill. And this is still the case, but in a number of situations it is necessary to have on hand such means of destruction that can be used to temporarily incapacitate people. At the same time, a number of such means have existed for quite a long time, such as rubber bullets or tear gas.

However, the fight against crime, riots and terrorism urgently requires the creation of new weapons, new methods and means. No less urgent is the use of non-lethal weapons in various peacekeeping operations conducted under the auspices of the UN, and sometimes in serious combat missions. Currently, intensive work on the creation of OND is being carried out in the United States and a number of other countries. Almost all non-lethal weapons created today are based on the following principles of influence: mechanical, acoustic, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic or optical.

Work on the creation of such weapons is underway in Russia. In particular, not so long ago there was information that specialists from the Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense are working on testing non-lethal electromagnetic weapons. The development of such weapons is associated with the aggravation of the domestic political situation within the country.

The authorities fear that thousands of rallies and demonstrations taking place in Moscow may eventually turn into mass riots. According to the head of the department of the research institute of the Ministry of Defense, Lieutenant Colonel Dmitry Soskov, the developed installation is intended for non-lethal effects on people. Extremely high-frequency (EHF) electromagnetic radiation is used as the main damaging factor in it.

The directional beam of this installation causes unbearable pain in a person. According to the specialist, the most powerful beam generated by the installation begins to interact with the moisture contained in the upper layers of human skin and penetrates only tenths of a millimeter. At the same time, such an impact is sufficient.

According to Soskov, the impact on the internal organs of a person is completely excluded. At the same time, a person irradiated with this beam begins to experience a serious burning sensation of the skin, which can cause heat shock in him. A person exposed to the installation instinctively tries to hide from an invisible damaging beam. It is assumed that along with rubber truncheons, Cheriomukha tear gas and water cannons, electromagnetic beams will become the main weapon of the police during the dispersal of unauthorized demonstrations and rallies.

Active Denial System

It is worth noting that even earlier this development was presented in the United States and received the name (ADS - Active Denial System), this system is also known under a different name - “pain ray”. The existence of the ADS program was first made known to the general public in 2011. The American development of non-lethal weapons is also aimed at dispersing rallies. Through the use of high-frequency electromagnetic beams, it can hit targets at a distance of up to 1 kilometer.

This installation is located on the basis of a special truck or a Hummer car. The high-frequency electromagnetic oscillations used in the Active Rejection System do not harm a person, while creating a sensation of unbearable heat in the latter, which is why the development was called the “pain ray” or “heat ray”. According to the head of the Joint Directorate for Non-Lethal Weapons, Tracey Tafoll, a person cannot help but see, hear, and smell this beam.

According to the expert, this novelty can be attributed to the safest types of weapons that are used today. It does not cause cancer in a person, does not change his genes, which could reflect badly on his children. For greater security, the Active Rejection System can be forcibly limited to 3 seconds.

Unlike rubber bullets or the same batons and tear gas, this type of weapon is safe even for pregnant women. True, according to some skeptics, the use of such rays in practice may threaten to cause panic in a crowd of people. As a result, the weapon can leave even more victims after the use than the use of a traditional bomb.

Below you can get acquainted with 10 types of non-lethal weapons, which are by far the most famous in the world. Some of them can even be attributed to the comic, however, these developments really existed. Who knows, maybe in the future hostilities will take place in such a way that victory over the enemy will not mean its physical destruction.

This very peculiar device was created by scientists from Japan, translated into Russian it can be called silencer . If you direct this device towards a constantly speaking person and start it, then after a few minutes the speaker will begin to confuse words in his speech and will soon fall silent.

This device is not exactly a weapon, but perhaps, with proper development, it can be used during spontaneous or unauthorized rallies in order to stop the speech of one of the most active speakers. It is worth noting that this installation has already been able to receive the Ig Nobel Prize in 2012. This award is presented annually in the United States for the most dubious achievements in science.

The Incapacitating Flashlight

The device with this name was created by the Californian company Intelligent Optical Systems. Most of all, it resembles an ordinary “flashlight”, with the help of powerful LEDs, which generate a series of light pulses of various colors and durations, which are very painful for the human eye. As a result of the impact of such a "lantern", a living target, while remaining in full health, temporarily loses orientation in space.

PHASR

PHASR

It is a non-lethal laser weapon created by the US Department of Defense. It is used to temporarily blind and disorientate the enemy. The prototype for the PHASR rifle was the British Dazzler laser weapon, which was used to blind Argentine airmen during the short Falklands War. The American-developed PHASR is a low-intensity laser, so its blinding effect is only temporary. In this case, if necessary, the wavelength can be changed.

In 1995, laser weapons that would cause damage to eyesight were banned by the UN Convention, which was called " Blinding Laser Protocol". After the adoption of this protocol, the Pentagon curtailed some of its developments, but the PHASR rifle managed to be defended. This is due to the short time of its exposure, as well as the fact that the Protocol does not prohibit the use of lasers that do not cause irreversible visual impairment. According to the US Department of Defense, this weapon can be indispensable in situations where the enemy needs to be temporarily blinded.

Already mentioned above, also known as the "ray of pain." It is just one of the types of weapons that are being developed as part of the American Controlled Effects Weapons program. The weapon is an installation that emits electromagnetic oscillations in the millimeter wave range with a high frequency - 94 GHz, which has a short-term shock effect on people. The principle of operation of this type of non-lethal weapon is that when a beam from a device hits a person, 83% of its energy is absorbed by the upper layer of the skin of the irradiated person.

Artillery shell XM1063

This projectile is a chemical weapon, the action of which is based on the defeat of a potential enemy with a strong stench. An artillery shell explodes in the air above the target, spraying chemical elements over it, which, acting on the amygdala in the human brain, can cause not only unpleasant sensations to the point of intolerance, but also overwhelming fear. During the impact of such projectiles, the enemy simply takes flight. An artillery shell explodes in the air above the target.

gay bombshell

Such a rather funny name was given to chemical weapons, the action of which was based on powerful aphrodisiacs. Being dropped on enemy troops, these bombs were supposed to cause strong sexual arousal in the soldiers, stimulating homosexual behavior. At the end of 2004, the publication of this information became the cause of the scandal, in connection with the possible violation by America of international conventions on the nonproliferation of chemical weapons.

In addition, it has become a cause for outrage among gay organizations, which have been offended by the suggestion that homosexual soldiers have less combat capability. In response to all the allegations, the Pentagon said that the existing ideas for the creation of this weapon were not further developed.

Thunder generator

The non-lethal weapon created in Israel is capable of generating strong sound waves and is designed to disperse crowds of demonstrators and rioters. It is noteworthy that it was originally created to scare away birds and other pests from crops and was created within the walls of one of the agro-industrial enterprises.

pepper grenade

Pepper shock grenade, created by Indian scientists and stuffed with chili peppers, can be used for various purposes. For example, to prevent riots, to fight terrorism, to produce new means of self-defense for women. The pepper pomegranate was created from the Naga Yolokiya variety of pepper. This variety of peppers is several hundred times hotter than other chili peppers and grows in the state of Assam, located in the northeast of India. For its sharpness, this type of pepper was noted in the Guinness Book of Records.

When hitting an enemy, this projectile releases a huge amount of a foamy chemical reagent, which very quickly increases in volume and dries up on the victim, making it impossible for him to move. The movements of the enemy soldier are constrained by the frozen foam, he actually loses the ability to move. This development was used by the US Marines in a number of special operations in Somalia.

Electroshock weapon Taser Shotgun

Powerful non-lethal electroshock weapon. It differs from conventional stun guns in its ability to hit a target at a significant distance - 4.5 ... 10 meters. Manufactured in the USA, adopted by the local police, which most often uses the M26 and X26 models. Among other things, the Taser Shotgun is also approved for use by civilians in 43 states.

Today, the men's magazine MPORT invites you to get acquainted with a weapon curiosity, namely, an unusual non-lethal weapon that allows you to neutralize opponents with minimal harm to their health.

The Speech Jammer

Source: toptenz.net

A peculiar device was invented by Japanese scientists, which in translation into Russian is called a speech silencer. If you point this device in the direction of a constantly speaking person and press the "start" button, then after a few minutes the person begins to confuse words, stutter, and soon completely falls silent.

The Incapacitating Flashlight

Source: toptenz.net

The device was developed by the Californian company Intelligent Optical Systems. "Flashlight" with the help of powerful LEDs generates a series of light pulses of different colors and duration that are very painful for the eyes. As a result, a living target, while remaining healthy, loses orientation in space.

PHASR

Source: toptenz.net

A non-lethal laser weapon developed by the US Department of Defense. It is used to disorientate and temporarily blind the enemy. The prototype of the current PHASR rifle was the British Dazzler laser weapon, which was used to blind Argentine pilots during the Falklands War. PHASR is a low intensity laser, so the blinding effect is temporary. It is possible to change the laser wavelength.

The Active Denial System

Source: toptenz.net

Another name is "ray of pain". One of several weapons developed under the Controlled Effects Weapons program. It is an installation that emits electromagnetic oscillations in the millimeter wave range with a frequency of about 94 GHz, which has a short-term shock effect on people. The principle of operation is based on the fact that when a beam hits a person, 83% of the energy of this radiation is absorbed by the upper layer of the skin.

Howitzer XM1063

Source: toptenz.net

This is a chemical weapon based on hitting the enemy with a strong stench. The composition of the filling of the projectile includes chemical elements that, acting on the amygdala in the human brain, can cause not only unpleasant sensations to the point of intolerance, but even overwhelming fear. As a result, the victim turns to flight.

gay bombshell

Source: toptenz.net

This is the unofficial name of a chemical weapon based on the action of powerful aphrodisiacs. When dropped on enemy troops, such bombs are supposed to cause intense sexual arousal in enemy soldiers and are supposed to stimulate homosexual behavior. At the end of 2004, this information caused a scandal in connection with the possible violation by the United States of international conventions on the nonproliferation of chemical weapons. In addition, gay organizations were outraged, offended by the suggestion that homosexual soldiers have less combat capability. In response to all accusations, the Pentagon said that the idea of ​​developing such a weapon was not developed.

Thunder generator

Source: toptenz.net

An Israeli non-lethal sonic weapon that generates strong sound waves and is designed to disperse crowds of rioters and demonstrators. An interesting fact is that, in fact, this tool was originally developed within the walls of one of the agro-industrial firms and was intended to scare away birds and other pests from crops.

pepper grenade

Not so long ago, information appeared that specialists from the Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense are working on testing non-lethal electromagnetic weapons. The development of such weapons is associated with the aggravation of the domestic political situation within the country.

The authorities fear that thousands of rallies and demonstrations taking place in Moscow may eventually turn into mass riots. According to the head of the department of the research institute of the Ministry of Defense, Lieutenant Colonel Dmitry Soskov, the developed installation is intended for non-lethal effects on people. Extremely high-frequency (EHF) electromagnetic radiation is used as the main damaging factor in it.

The directional beam of this installation causes unbearable pain in a person. According to the specialist, the most powerful beam generated by the installation begins to interact with the moisture contained in the upper layers of human skin and penetrates only tenths of a millimeter. At the same time, such an impact is sufficient.

According to Soskov, the impact on the internal organs of a person is completely excluded. At the same time, a person irradiated with this beam begins to experience a serious burning sensation of the skin, which can cause heat shock in him. A person exposed to the installation instinctively tries to hide from an invisible damaging beam. It is assumed that along with rubber truncheons, Cheriomukha tear gas and water cannons, electromagnetic beams will become the main weapon of the police during the dispersal of unauthorized demonstrations and rallies.

It is worth noting that even earlier this development was presented in the USA and was called the Active Denial System (ADS), this system is also known under a different name - “pain ray”. The existence of the ADS program was first made known to the general public in 2011. The American development of illegal weapons is also aimed at dispersing rallies. Through the use of high-frequency electromagnetic beams, it can hit targets at a distance of up to 1 kilometer.

This installation is located on the basis of a special truck or a Hummer car. The high-frequency electromagnetic oscillations used in the Active Rejection System do not harm a person, while creating a sensation of unbearable heat in the latter, which is why the development was called the “pain ray” or “heat ray”.

According to the head of the Joint Directorate for Non-Lethal Weapons, Tracey Tafoll, a person cannot help but see, hear, and smell this beam. According to the expert, this novelty can be attributed to the safest types of weapons that are used today. It does not cause cancer in a person, does not change his genes, which could be bad for his children. For greater security, the Active Rejection System can be forcibly limited to 3 seconds.

Unlike rubber bullets or the same batons and tear gas, this type of weapon is safe even for pregnant women. True, according to some skeptics, the use of such rays in practice may threaten to cause panic in a crowd of people. As a result, the weapon can leave even more victims after the use than the use of a traditional bomb.

Below you can get to know 10 types of non-lethal weapons which are by far the most famous in the world. Some of them can even be attributed to the comic, however, these developments really existed. Who knows, maybe in the future hostilities will take place in such a way that victory over the enemy will not mean its physical destruction.

The Incapacitating Flashlight

The device with this name was created by the Californian company Intelligent Optical Systems. Most of all, it resembles an ordinary “flashlight”, with the help of powerful LEDs, which generate a series of light pulses of various colors and durations that are very painful for the human eye. As a result of the impact of such a "lantern", a living target, while remaining in full health, temporarily loses orientation in space.

Active Denial System

Already mentioned above, also known as the "ray of pain". It is just one of the types of weapons that are being developed as part of the American Controlled Effects Weapons program. The weapon is an installation that emits electromagnetic oscillations in the millimeter wave range with a high frequency - 94 GHz, which has a short-term shock effect on people. The principle of operation of this type of non-lethal weapon is that when a beam from a device hits a person, 83% of its energy is absorbed by the upper layer of the skin of the irradiated person.

The Speech Jammer

This very peculiar device was created by scientists from Japan; translated into Russian, it can be called a speech silencer. If you direct this device towards a constantly speaking person and start it, then after a few minutes the speaker will begin to confuse words in his speech and will soon fall silent.

This device is not exactly a weapon, but perhaps, with proper development, it can be used during spontaneous or unauthorized rallies in order to stop the speech of one of the most active speakers. It is worth noting that this installation has already been able to receive the Ig Nobel Prize in 2012. This award is presented annually in the United States for the most dubious achievements in science.

Artillery shell XM1063

This projectile is a chemical weapon, the action of which is based on the defeat of a potential enemy with a strong stench. An artillery shell explodes in the air above the target, spraying chemical elements over it, which, acting on the amygdala in the human brain, can cause not only unpleasant sensations to the point of intolerance, but also overwhelming fear. During the impact of such projectiles, the enemy simply takes flight. An artillery shell explodes in the air above the target.

It is a non-lethal laser weapon created by the US Department of Defense. It is used to temporarily blind and disorientate the enemy. The prototype for the PHASR rifle was the British Dazzler laser weapon, which was used to blind Argentine airmen during the short Falklands War. The American-developed PHASR is a low-intensity laser, so its blinding effect is only temporary. In this case, if necessary, the wavelength can be changed.

In 1995, eye-damaging laser weapons were banned under a UNPO convention called the Blinding Laser Weapons Protocol. After the adoption of this protocol, the Pentagon curtailed some of its developments, but the PHASR rifle managed to be defended. This is due to the short time of its exposure, as well as the fact that the Protocol does not prohibit the use of lasers that do not cause irreversible visual impairment. According to the US Department of Defense, this weapon can be indispensable in situations where the enemy needs to be temporarily blinded.

Thunder generator

The non-lethal weapon created in Israel is capable of generating strong sound waves and is designed to disperse crowds of demonstrators and rioters. It is noteworthy that it was originally created to scare away birds and other pests from crops and was created within the walls of one of the agro-industrial enterprises.

Sticky battle foam

When hitting an enemy, this projectile releases a huge amount of a foamy chemical reagent, which very quickly increases in volume and dries up on the victim, making it impossible for him to move. The movements of the enemy soldier are constrained by frozen foam, he is actually immobilized. This development was used by the US Marines in a number of special operations in Somalia.

pepper grenade

Pepper shock grenade was created by Indian scientists and stuffed with chili peppers, can be used for various purposes. For example, to prevent riots, to fight terrorism, to produce new means of self-defense for women. The pepper pomegranate was created from the Naga Yolokiya variety of pepper. This variety is several 100 times hotter than other chili peppers and grows in the state of Assam, located in the northeast of India. For its sharpness, this type of pepper was noted in the Guinness Book of Records.

gay bombshell

Such a rather funny name was given to chemical weapons, the action of which was based on powerful aphrodisiacs. Being dropped on enemy troops, these bombs were supposed to cause strong sexual arousal in the soldiers, stimulating homosexual behavior. At the end of 2004, the publication of this information became the cause of the scandal, in connection with the possible violation by America of international conventions on the nonproliferation of chemical weapons.

In addition, it has become a cause for outrage among gay organizations, which have been offended by the suggestion that homosexual soldiers have less combat capability. In response to all the allegations, the Pentagon said that the existing ideas for the creation of this weapon were not further developed.

Taser Shotgun

Powerful non-lethal electroshock weapon. It differs from conventional stun guns in its ability to hit a target at a significant distance - 4.5-10 meters. Manufactured in the USA, adopted by the local police, which most often uses the M26 and X26 models. Among other things, the Taser Shotgun is also approved for use by civilians in 43 states.

non-lethal weapons

In the early 90s of the last century, the question of the use of new technologies in the field of armaments was once again raised in US military circles. One of these types was a non-lethal (non-lethal action) weapon, the use of which, according to the idea, should not lead to the death or injury of the enemy, but exclusively to his neutralization. At the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, at the initiative of the US government, extensive research in this area has begun.

According to the US Department of Defense classification, non-lethal weapons must have one or both of the following characteristics: 1) have a relatively reversible effect on personnel or a material object; 2) acts differently on objects in their zone of influence.

Such weapons include means of chemical, mechanical, light, sound and electromagnetic effects.

According to the technological classification, these weapons are divided into:

Weapons using kinetic energy;

Electrical;

Acoustic;

directional energy;

Riot control chemicals and maldorants;

biochemical agents;

Combined technologies.

And, of course, despite the name, the use of such means does not exclude either serious injury or death.

Alvin and Heidi Toffler in their work "War and Anti-War" argue that such experiments and developments were carried out in the United States not only among the professional military, but also among various think tanks. In 1995, the Council on Foreign Relations sponsored a publication on non-lethal technology, stating in the preface that CFR had no opinion on the matter. Of course, other states and military blocs are also interested in the possibility of using new technologies in defense and security. In December 2004, NATO released a report that considered the possibility of using these weapons during peace enforcement operations until 2020. The document reflected five priority technologies: 1) RF devices; 2) construction of barriers (acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical); 3) resistance to the force of adhesion; 4) electric shock; 5) networks, as well as a lot of means for use both against people and against material objects. The weapons against objects included: radio frequency devices (for disabling electronics); lasers (high power for destruction and low power for blinding people); chemicals (slippery and viscous foam, super-glutinous and super-corrosive substances, graphite powders); biological components (bacteria, destructive materials); barriers (nets, wire fences, wheel piercing systems). There are several more means of influence against manpower: microwave systems (exposure to the skin), lasers (skin burns and blinding), chemicals (poisonous substances - incapacitants, chemical riot control agents - Riot Control Agent, RCA), acoustic technologies (with psychological and physical effects); barriers (nets, airbags), kinetic agents (traumatic bullets), electric shocks, vertigo generators (acoustic and shock waves), dyes (for marking) and combined systems.

Attempts to legitimize non-lethal weapons led to the development of a certain doctrine, which is quite clearly expressed in the study of Colonel J. Siniscalci. He writes that “non-lethal weapons are characterized by accuracy, selectivity of use and versatility. The ability to control weapons and minimize the effects of violence creates a flexible military capability that can be deployed across the full spectrum of conflicts.

Non-lethal weapons allow you to choose between diplomacy and lethal outcome. It provides the flexibility to prevent a crisis from arising by creating space and time, controlling the level of violence, and bridging the gap between diplomacy and lethal force. Non-lethal weapons lend stability to sanctions and protect diplomatic efforts.

Early intervention can reduce the cost of intervention and the risk of escalation. Non-lethal means can be used early and preempt intervention, reducing the risk of lethal destruction escalating.

Non-lethal weapons can be effective in wartime. In combat, the use of weapons requires the most effective combination of lethal and non-lethal means. In situations where non-lethal weapons can provide equivalent or more effective results, they should be used.

The action of non-lethal weapons is most effective within the framework of a synergistic strategy. A non-lethal strategy must be closely coordinated and implemented in conjunction with appropriate political and economic efforts. The cumulative impact will produce a powerful coercive tool to achieve national policy goals, without any of the risks of traditional military action.

Non-lethal weapons are not a universal substitute for lethal potential. Commanders at risk must retain the means and authority to use lethal force. Adherence to a non-lethal strategy must be limited when American resources and lives are threatened.

Non-lethal technologies are not applicable in all situations. The success of non-lethal technologies depends on the specific situation, political goals, and the definition of vulnerable threats. Skillful use must take into account the vulnerability of the enemy, political goals, the results of possible unforeseen consequences, as well as compliance with international conventions. Any of these factors can make non-lethal technologies ineffective.”

If with some types of such weapons (batons, traumatic and gas weapons, water cannons, stun guns) everything is very clear, since it has long been used not only by the military, but also by the police, then some new types should be considered in more detail.

First of all, it is worth paying attention to special biochemical agents that could be used in combat conditions. The United States had already used Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. Now research began to be carried out on the widest spectrum; among the proposed samples were agents of a calming effect and vice versa, causing discomfort: gastrointestinal convulsants, drugs that cause a painful reaction to light, strong sexual arousal, etc. Special units of the US Marine Corps and the US Army were seriously involved in these projects. And not only enemy troops were considered as a potential target for the use of such drugs.

As outlined in the Unified Non-Lethal Weapons Concept, the military has begun developing and testing various maldorant-type chemicals and delivery vehicles for potential use against enemy military forces, "potentially hostile" civilians, and to quell riots. Since the number of deaths from various US and NATO special operations is quite high not only among combatants and terrorists, but also among the civilian population, we can conclude that these maldorants were primarily considered for use against civilians during riots or in difficult situations.

However, since the United States was a signatory to the Chemical Weapons Convention, it was necessary to find loopholes in the legislation to justify the use of psychoactive substances for a wide range of effects - from sleepy to causing hallucinations. This required the appearance of democratic debate in the army. Back in 1992, the US Army issued a draft document "Operational Concepts for Non-Lethal Means", which provided for certain allocations for the development of ammunition with side effects both for use against enemy manpower and against military equipment. The concept itself appeared as a result of rethinking the methods of warfare based on the experience of the Persian Gulf War in 1991, when the US Department of Defense approved the idea of ​​developing the doctrine of non-lethal war (soft kill). But at that time, another lobby won out in the Pentagon (partly due to public pressure to cut military spending), and the project was shelved. However, then this topic began to rise again in US military circles at various conferences and round tables. During one such meeting, Lieutenant Colonel Coppernoll stated that "drugs that cause sedative effects and gastrointestinal convulsions, when classified as a means of controlling a riot, may be acceptable." He noted that "once these technologies have been modified into actual weapons or weapon systems, the Naval Legal Services will review them for toxic properties and compliance with international laws, treaties and domestic restrictions before final approval for serial production or rejection."

As independent researchers note, maldorants (stink bombs) have already existed since the Second World War. In 1966, attempts were made in the United States to develop maldorants that were intended for certain ethnic groups. DARPA at the time was doing research on "whether cross-cultural differences are related to the sense of smell, and if so, especially in relation to bad smell, to what extent it can be used in psychological warfare." The Pentagon's interest in this type of weapon resumed after the events in Somalia. It should be noted that with the advent of new developments in the field of DNA, interest in racial weapons flared up with renewed vigor. As the director of the Swedish National Defense Research Institute, Bo Riebeck, noted in 1992, “If we can learn to distinguish between the DNA of racial and ethnic groups, we can distinguish between whites and blacks, Jews and Mongoloids, between Swedes and Finns, and develop an agent that kills only members of a particular group. In addition to the biochemical agents themselves, the means of their delivery were also developed in the United States. General Dynamics, A major U.S. weapons firm, under the Overhead Chemical Agent Dispersal System (OCADS) project, has developed an 81mm mortar with a 1.5km range and a special 120mm explosive capsule.

It should be noted that while the United States blamed other countries for the use of chemical and biological weapons, their own development and use in the armed forces of such reagents could seriously undermine the control of chemical and biological weapons.

From 1997 to 2006, the School of Social and International Studies at the University of Bradford (UK) produced a number of studies and reports and studies on non-lethal weapons, mainly chemical and biological.

The main opponent of the use of such weapons is the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. One of the organization's latest reports contains comments on the Chemical Weapons Convention, as well as laws governing the possible use of biochemical agents to suppress riots and unrest. It also states that potential paralytic agents for use as weapons could include pharmaceutical chemicals, bioregulators, and toxins. But most importantly, the report contains the opinion of the British Medical Association on the use of such substances as weapons. It states that “agents that could be used in a tactical situation without the risk of death for a person do not exist and their appearance is not possible in the near future. In this situation, it is practically impossible to use the right agent at the right dose against the right people without the risk of making mistakes in both people and dose. American scientists also convincingly proved that the so-called "non-lethal" agents are actually lethal (the study also noted that the results of the use of such agents during a special operation in Moscow in October 2002 during the assault on "Nord-Ost" showed that 15% hostage deaths were solely due to exposure to the gas).

The next type of “weapon” of non-lethal action can be attributed to an infrasonic generator that emits such low-frequency sounds that lead to loss of orientation, nausea, dizziness, unreasonable fear and loss of control over the intestines. It was called the "Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD)", that is, a sound, or acoustic, gun. This device emits pulses with a frequency of 2 to 3 thousand hertz and a power of 150 decibels, which at close range can lead to hearing damage and destruction of internal organs. Such a gun-generator was released in 2000 by the company American Technology Corporation and successfully used against pirates. In Israel, the "Scream" system was developed - an acoustic gun that emits a directed stream of high-frequency sound. It was mounted on armored personnel carriers and used to disperse Palestinian riots.

In 2005, as a result of joint efforts Sandia National Laboratories, Raytheon, Air Force Research Laboratory and the US Department of Defense, a new small-sized Active Denial System (ADS) was developed. It is based on the application of a directional beam of electromagnetic energy at 95 GHz. These millimeter radio waves are able to penetrate small areas of the skin of the face, 1/64 inch in size, where nerve receptors are located. When the beam hits open areas of the skin, the pain threshold sets in rather quickly, but this does not lead to burns and does not cause other side effects. As a result of testing on volunteers, such microwave emitters were adopted by the US Army. Other microwave weapons are capable of disrupting the brain and central nervous system, causing tinnitus, loss of vision, and similar effects. As a result, a person exposed to such an emitter instinctively tries to hide, which the US military called the "Goodbye effect".