Technological map of the lesson. The world. Theme "Larch" (Grade 3). Larch - an unusual coniferous tree A message on the topic larch an unusual coniferous plant

• Larch (Larix) is a genus of woody plants of the Pine family (Pinaceae), one of the most common species of coniferous trees.

• Lives up to 300-400 years, larches up to 800 years old are registered.

• The most common tree species on the planet and in Russia.

• In favorable conditions, it grows quickly. Up to the age of 20, it is able to add from 50 to 100 cm per year.

• In favorable conditions, it grows up to 50 meters or more in height with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m or more.

• Larch is resistant to spring frosts, very resistant to low winter temperatures. In the north withstands temperatures below -70 °C

• Larch is an extremely light-loving tree; it does not regenerate and does not grow in shading.

• Due to its strength and durability, larch wood is widely used - from construction work to the chemical industry.

• With the drying of wood, its density increases so much that it is impossible to drive a nail into it, and hammered nails can no longer be removed from old larch boards, as the metal of the nail is torn.

• Despite the wide distribution of larch and the high quality of wood, larch accounts for a relatively small part of the total volume of logging in Russia. The reasons for this are that, due to the high density, the wood of freshly cut larch sinks (immediately or after a short time in the water) and cannot be rafted down rivers, which in some cases means that it is impossible to transport from harvesting sites to processing sites.

• Everything that is made of larch is made to last forever. A good example of this is Venice, built on piles of Siberian larch.

Larch (Larix) is a coniferous tree of the Pine family, under good conditions growing to 50 m in height or more. The life expectancy of larches is from 300 to 400 years, but there are specimens that are about 800 years old (although this is rare). Larch is a monoecious plant that has both male and female reproductive organs. Some gardeners grow larches ornamentally both outdoors and indoors as bonsai. And most of these conifers grow in the wild in woodlands and mixed coniferous forests. Larch wood is valued in some regions for its strength and color, and is commercially used for making furniture and other wood products.

All larches have needle-shaped leaves of various lengths - needles, which turn yellow and fall off every autumn. This feature of larch is very unusual, since all conifers are considered evergreen. As with all deciduous trees, every spring the larch needles reappear at first bright green, and over time acquire an ominous dark green color. The size and number of cones for all larches is different, it depends on the conditions in which the tree grows. For example, larches in the southern regions produce more cones.

Some types of larches are adapted to the temperate northern climate. They tend to produce short needles and cones. Others grow in the mountains in the south of the country and are able to be dominant among the trees of mountain conditions. Larches are long-lived, hardy trees that can adapt to any weather conditions. They develop rapidly, which allows them to multiply into large
Territories. Gardeners use larch plantings to protect plots from the wind, and planting these conifers in a temperate or cool region, be sure that they will like it there and will thrive.

Larch wood is a unique natural material that is used in construction and crafts. This pale creamy white "golden" wood is used for flooring, cladding, furniture making and many other activities.

Larches have also been used in some regions as a historical source of herbal remedies. Larch is believed to be beneficial for people with psychological problems such as lack of confidence, insecurity, and depression. Although the effectiveness of treatment products made from larch has not been extensively researched or scientifically proven facts. As with other conifers, before using larch for treatment, it is advisable to consult a doctor to be sure that this conifer is not contraindicated for you.

Larch is the most common tree in Russia. In my message, I will talk in detail about it, its features and use in the national economy.

Description

Larch belongs to the coniferous species of the pine family. Its closest relatives are spruce and pine. She grows tall up to 40 meters less often - up to 50 m. The trunks are even, like columns, with a diameter of 1-1.5 meters. Young trees have a light bark and a crown tapering upwards, the trunks of old trees are covered with gray-brown bark and have a round, rare, spreading crown. The root system is powerful, highly branched, without a pronounced central taproot.

Features of growth and reproduction

Larch grows very fast it stretches by 50-100 cm per year. After the age of 20, growth slows down. This is a long-lived tree. Lives 400-600 years.

Two unique features of larch:

• Despite the fact that it belongs to coniferous trees, for the winter sheds her needles, which before that turn yellow like ordinary foliage. And in spring, the larch is again covered with young bright green needles.
• The larch needles are not prickly, but soft, pleasant to the touch.

Larch is a monoecious plant, female cones up to 5 cm long and male spikelets grow on the same tree. In nature, it reproduces by seeds, which ripen in cones by autumn.

The tree is very unpretentious: tolerates frost and drought well, undemanding to soils, although it grows best on moist soils with a high content of clay and sand (river valleys, gentle slopes of ravines). Resistant to diseases and pests. But for good larch growth need sunlight. She languishes in shady places.

Spreading

Total 20 species are known of this tree, the most common is Siberian larch. Deciduous forests are widespread throughout the world. Grows in temperate latitudes. But nowhere are there such vast larch forests as in Russia. The tree occupies 40% of all forests in the country, i.e. an area equal to the area of ​​5 countries like France! No other tree in the world covers such a vast area.

Wood found everywhere: from west to east from Lake Onega to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, throughout Eastern and Western Siberia, from the tundra in the north to Altai, descending further to the very south of Primorye. In Transbaikalia, forests of Dahurian larch have grown powerfully.

On heavy and swampy soils, in permafrost areas, pure larch forests grow. Under the best natural and climatic conditions, larch grows in coniferous and mixed forests. Well adjacent to, pine,.

National economic importance

Venice stands on a foundation, the basis of which is larch. Recently, experts decided to check how firmly this amazing city stands on the water, because the piles were driven almost 700 years ago. Divers descended into the water and carefully examined the condition of the foundation. The results shocked everyone: not even a sign of rot or other damage was found, larch piles, having spent centuries under water, have become strong as iron, they couldn’t even put a notch on the uneven bars.

Larch wood has such unique properties:

• does not rot in water;
• not damaged;
• differs in very high durability and elasticity;
• has a high resin content.

Thanks to these qualities, larch is widely used in the construction of ships, the production of cars, cars, aircraft. Without additional impregnation, wood goes to telegraph poles and sleepers. Great for building bridges, dams and jetties. Logs do not know demolition.

The use in construction of this tree is somewhat limited. A fresh larch board is so dense that it is difficult to drive a nail into it, and it is already impossible to remove a nail from an old larch board.

Rosin, sealing wax, turpentine, acetic acid are obtained from this tree. From one cubic meter of larch forest, it is possible to obtain 2000 pairs of stockings or 1500 meters of synthetic silk.

In addition, a very resistant dye for textiles, leather, and skins is made from the bark of this tree. Larch needles are widely used in medicine. She is has bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties, rich in vitamin C.

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34Isaev ValeriyBiology13 July 10:02
Prepare a message on the topic "Larch is an unusual coniferous tree".

Answer or solution1

small and fragile.

If favorable conditions are created for the growth of larch, then the tree grows up to 50 meters in height. The trunk of such a huge tree reaches a diameter of one meter. In young trees, the shape of the crown resembles a cone. In adult trees, the crown is looser, it is all translucent so that the rays of the sun can freely penetrate through it.

Larch bears fruit with reddish cones. Seeds ripen inside each cone, and their germination is extremely low. Abundant fruiting is repeated every 7 years. Seeds ripen for a very long time.

Larch coniferous tree belongs to the pine family. This type of trees is quite popular and they grow mainly in the northern part of Russia. The age of larch is 300-400 years. although there are individual specimens that are over 800 years old. From my own experience, we can say that the tree is very stately and majestic. Next to an adult larch you feel
small and fragile.

If favorable conditions are created for the growth of larch, then the tree grows up to 50 meters in height. The trunk of such a huge tree reaches a diameter of one meter. In young trees, the shape of the crown resembles a cone. In adult trees, the crown is looser, it is all translucent so that the rays of the sun can freely penetrate through it.

Larch bears fruit with reddish cones. Seeds ripen inside each cone, and their germination is extremely low. Abundant fruiting is repeated every 7 years. Seeds ripen for a very long time.

Larch calmly tolerates low temperatures; in the conditions of the Far North, the tree can withstand temperatures up to -60 degrees. But the tree may not be moved by a strong wind. Since the tree has a superficial root system, windbreakers can be detrimental to larch.

In this lesson, the topic "Deciduous and Coniferous Trees" will be considered, which will help students learn about two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Consider their distinguishing features.

Lesson: Deciduous and coniferous trees

As you know, each tree has its own distinctive features. Leaves are one such feature. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant, performing the function of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.

Birch has small carved leaves.

Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.

Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.

Maple has a wide leaf plate with pointed ends.

Rowan has a complex leaf, on the central petiole there are up to 15 small leaves.

Complex leaf and chestnut. Slightly pointed leaves are connected at the top of the main petiole.

Birch, mountain ash, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.

1) The presence of leaves.

2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.

3) All deciduous trees shed their foliage. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.

A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.

Let's get acquainted with some representatives of deciduous trees.

The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak. Our ancestors considered oak a sacred tree. The height of the oak is about 50 meters, the life expectancy is 500 years. But there are centenarians for more than a thousand years. Ripe on oak trees in autumn acorns.

These are rich and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to eat acorns, and will hide them in a hollow in reserve. The forest bird jay is also a lover of delicious fruits. Wild boars also rush for acorns, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.

Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on oak - for a harsh winter. Wheat should be sown when the oak leaves unfold. And oak is considered a symbol of power and strength. Oak wreaths were awarded to the bravest warriors.

People say about cowardly people: "It trembles like an aspen leaf." In fact, the aspen leaf trembles from the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole . The aspen petiole is very thin and long, even in calm weather, aspen leaves rustle quietly. In the spring, before the leaves appear on the aspen, earrings appear. People say: "Fluff flew from the aspen, go to the forest for a boletus."

These are mushrooms that love to grow under the aspen. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn color of aspen leaves.

What tree is this riddle about?

Takes from my flower

The bee is the most delicious honey.

And everyone hates me

Remove the thin skin.

it Linden. Fragrant fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it is not for nothing that bees produce linden honey, it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to linden for bast. This is the inner part of the cortex. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.

The second group of trees is coniferous. Needles are modified leaves. Coniferous trees include spruce, cedar pine, fir, larch. A forest of coniferous trees is called coniferous. Unlike deciduous trees, coniferous trees do not shed their needles in autumn, so their other name is evergreen.

Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree descends to the very ground, so it is dark and damp in the spruce forests. Spruce forests are called spruce forests. Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, from a strong wind, spruce trees fall, forming impenetrable thickets and windbreaks. It looks like a spruce branch with cones. Cones are oblong.

Spruce is a very interesting and useful tree. Its wood is used to make musical instruments and paper. Coniferous trees emit special substances, they fill the air with a pleasant aroma and purify it. How much joy the green beauty brings to the house on New Year's Eve!

Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest. The pine has powerful roots, so it is not afraid of strong winds. And pine can grow on rocks and ravines. It looks like a pine branch with a cone.

Pine needles are longer than those of spruce. Needles grow on a branch two together. Cones are short, rounded.

There is a tree with unusual properties among coniferous trees - this larch. Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in autumn, larch turns yellow and sheds needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In the spring, young needles reappear from the buds.

If there are both coniferous and deciduous trees in the forest, such a forest is called mixed.

Trees are the lungs of our planet. By absorbing harmful substances, trees release air and oxygen. Leaves hold fumes and soot. Trees need to be protected.

In the next lesson, the topic "Autumn in the life of plants" will be considered. During the lesson, we will learn about the most important seasonal changes that occur with almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then find out the role of autumn in plant life.

1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world around 1. - M .: Russian word.

2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: Education.

3. Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: VITA-PRESS.

1. Describe deciduous trees.

2. Describe conifers.

3. Guess the riddles.

1. I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I am growing very straight - in height.

If I'm not on the edge,

Branches only at the top. (Pine)

2. You will always find her in the forest -

You go for a walk and you will meet:

It is prickly, like a hedgehog,

In winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)

3. In this sleek box

Bronze color

Hidden little oak tree

Next summer. (Acorn)

4. Who knows what kind of tree this is?

A relative has a Christmas tree

Non-thorny needles.

But unlike the Christmas tree -

Those needles are falling off. (Larch)

5. Takes from my flower

Bee is the most delicious honey.

And yet they offend me

The thin skin is torn off. (Linden)