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Hypotension or low blood pressure is a common disease characterized by various autonomic disorders.

According to statistics, about 20% of the population suffers from low blood pressure, while women suffer from this disease several times more often than men. In medicine, low blood pressure can often be found under the term "arterial hypotension", in which blood pressure is below 100/60 mm Hg. At risk for the development of this condition are people from 30 to 40 years old, but the disease can also affect the younger generation, including children. For some, hypotension is considered the norm, while for others, low blood pressure and its symptoms cause a lot of trouble with health, worsen the quality of life, and reduce performance.

Reasons for low blood pressure

The causes of low blood pressure are quite diverse and can be hidden both in the wrong way of life of a person and in his internal health.

1. Hypothermia of the body.
2. Internal infections.
3. The consequences of allergies.
4. Anemia.

5. Great loss of blood.
6. Regular stress, depression, nervous shocks.
7. Avitaminosis.
8. Hormonal disorders.
9. Diseases of the endocrine system.
10. Vegetative-vascular dystonia.

11. Trauma to the brain or spinal cord.
12. Exhaustion of the body.
13. Excessive exercise.
14. Wrong, unbalanced diet.
15. Alcohol abuse, smoking.
16. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
17. Pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
18. Long-term use of potent drugs.

This is not the whole list of diseases and conditions of the human body that can lead to hypotension, but despite the etiological factor, low blood pressure and its symptoms cause a number of ailments in a person, constant fatigue, drowsiness, headaches and other unpleasant sensations. In medicine, primary and secondary hypotension are distinguished. The primary form of the disease manifests itself in functional disorders of the cardiovascular system and most often has a hereditary character, and the secondary form as a result of concomitant diseases. Like any other disease, arterial hypotension can occur in acute or chronic form.

Acute hypotension

Acute hypotension is a serious condition in which a person needs urgent hospitalization and long-term treatment. With the development of this condition, there is a sharp drop in blood pressure, which leads to hypoxia of the cerebral vessels, paralytic vasodilation. Basically, the condition of such patients is extremely severe, and the prognosis for treatment depends on the quality of medical care provided, as well as the rate of decrease in blood pressure. Untimely assistance in acute form of hypotension can lead to a heart attack, stroke, and even death.

Chronic hypotension

Unlike the acute form, chronic hypotension does not pose a threat to human life, but its symptoms should not be ignored either, since a person suffering from low blood pressure constantly feels any ailments that in one way or another affect overall well-being. At a more mature age, reduced blood pressure increases the risk of stroke and heart attack.

Symptoms

The clinical signs of low blood pressure are quite pronounced, but nevertheless, many ignore the symptoms of hypotension and may suffer from constant ailments for several years. The main symptoms of hypotension are:

1. Regular headaches, migraine attacks.
2. Dizziness.
3. Feeling cold.
4. Darkening in the eyes.
5. Increased sweating.
6. Noise in the head.
7. Breathlessness.
8. Violation of the heart rhythm.
9. Sleep disturbance.
10. Darkening in the eyes, "flies" before the eyes.

Headache with reduced pressure can be of varying intensity, appear intermittently, or be present all the time. There are cases that a headache with hypotension does not go away even after taking an anesthetic drug. People suffering from hypotension, even after 8 hours of sleep, wake up tired, it is difficult for them to concentrate on work, they often note absent-mindedness, forgetfulness.

Hypotonic patients cannot stand stuffiness, they are very sensitive to changing weather conditions. It is difficult for them to be among a large crowd of people, and with minor physical exertion they suffer from shortness of breath and pain in the heart, epigastrium. A characteristic symptom of low blood pressure is the appearance of frequent yawning, but it does not happen because the person did not get enough sleep, but because it is difficult for him to breathe and only yawning will allow him to take a deep breath.

Symptoms of hypotension can be caused by hypertension, but this often happens when a person suffering from hypertension has taken blood pressure pills, but has not calculated the dose or consulted with a doctor about taking antihypertensive drugs. This condition is considered extremely dangerous, since the pressure can drop very quickly, thereby causing the death of a person.

Low blood pressure - the symptoms, as well as the causes, are quite diverse, but if you ignore them or stop them with heart drops or painkillers, you should not expect a positive result, but you can’t avoid a deterioration in well-being.

Why is hypotension dangerous?

With reduced pressure, the internal organs of a person, including the brain, are poorly supplied with oxygen and other nutrients, which leads to the appearance of symptoms characteristic of hypotension. If a person does not take any measures to normalize blood pressure for a long time, the risk of ischemic stroke increases. In addition, a violation of blood flow affects the heart muscle, the death of its tissues occurs, as a result - myocardial infarction. Many people believe that only high blood pressure (hypertension) can cause a heart attack or stroke, but in fact, hypotension is also the cause of these conditions.

In older people, regular pressure surges cause mental disorders, senile dementia and other conditions. People suffering from low blood pressure feel constant fatigue, are prone to panic attacks, and often do not have the opportunity to work.

How to treat low blood pressure

Treating low blood pressure is no easy task. A person needs to change his usual way of life, devote as much time as possible to his health, monitor nutrition and the rhythm of life. An important step in the treatment of hypotension is nutrition. The patient is advised to consume healthy fortified foods as much as possible, to give up alcohol, fatty, spicy and fried foods. All foods that will be in the human diet should contain a sufficient amount of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe a number of medications that will help eliminate the symptoms of hypotension, normalize blood circulation, and improve heart function.

1. Plant adaptogens. Preparations on a natural basis that will help stimulate the nervous system, improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system: extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus, tincture of ginseng, magnolia vine. Taking such drugs will eliminate drowsiness, improve brain function, and increase blood pressure.

2. Alpha-agonists. A group of drugs that eliminate stagnant processes in the vessels, make them more vulnerable, and normalize blood circulation.

3. Analeptics. Drugs that stimulate the nervous system. Such drugs are prescribed for angina pectoris. Their intake allows you to slowly increase pressure, normalize the work of the heart, relieve fatigue, improve brain function: Symptolum, Etimizol, Effortil, Caffeine-sodium benzoate.

If necessary, other medications may be prescribed to the patient. The course of treatment, dose, is prescribed by the doctor individually for each patient.

Prevention

Prevention of hypotension lies in a healthy and proper lifestyle.

1. Refusal of alcohol and smoking.
2. Healthy and wholesome food.
3. Regular exercise.
4. Timely and correct treatment of internal diseases.

By following the elementary rules, you can not only normalize blood pressure, but also improve the condition of the whole organism. Anyone who has experienced symptoms of low blood pressure should remember that in this condition, internal organs and systems experience oxygen starvation, so you should not ignore the symptoms of hypotension or self-medicate. Timely consultation with a doctor will help to avoid the unpleasant consequences of the disease, thereby improving the well-being and performance of a person.

Low blood pressure is medically referred to as hypotension or hypotension. There are no exact indicators of low blood pressure, and such a diagnosis is made not on the basis of numbers, but in the presence of a certain clinical picture. Typically, pressure is considered low if its values ​​do not exceed 100/60 mmHg. Symptoms of hypotension are most often observed at rates from 90/60 mm Hg. Art. and below.

Often, people whose pressure is constantly kept at low levels feel normal and are considered healthy. This phenomenon is usually observed in athletes.

Low blood pressure can accompany serious diseases, so low blood pressure is still a reason for examination for the purpose of diagnosis.

Pronounced signs of hypotension, as a rule, occur with a sharp drop in blood pressure. Dizziness appears, fainting and even shock are possible. This condition is dangerous and can be life threatening.

In young people, hypotension does not require treatment when it does not show up in any way or the symptoms are mild and do not cause serious discomfort. Elderly people need treatment, otherwise the brain may suffer due to insufficient blood supply.

Very often, low blood pressure is a variant of the norm.

Why is the pressure low

The causes of hypotension are numerous. Among them:

• Endocrine diseases. Hypotension often develops with hypoglycemia (low blood glucose), hypo- or hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency.
• Blood pressure usually drops sharply with significant blood loss, such as burns and injuries.
• Pregnancy. The pressure may slightly decrease in women during the period of gestation, which, according to doctors, is not dangerous.
• Dehydration of the body. Oxygen starvation caused by a decrease in blood flow leads to a decrease in blood pressure.
• Rigid diet. In this case, the pressure drops due to a lack of vitamin B 12 and folic acid.
• Severe infections (sepsis).
• Allergic reactions.
• Some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Some heart diseases.
• The intake of certain medications leads to a decrease in pressure: antidepressants, diuretics, adrenoblockers.
• Prolonged standing.
• Getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position (orthostatic hypotension).
• Harmful work: underground, at high temperature and humidity, when exposed to radiation, chemicals, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation.

Low blood pressure symptoms

Hypotensive patients often complain of feeling unwell, which greatly interferes with a normal life. The main manifestations of hypotension:

• dizziness;
• severe fatigue;
• nausea;
• weakness;
• visual impairment;
• chest pain;
• clouding of consciousness;
• headache;
• cold sweat;
• decrease in mental abilities;
• memory impairment;
• pre-fainting states;
• instability;
• loss of consciousness.

Drowsiness is one of the characteristic signs of low blood pressure.

Treatment for low blood pressure

A hypotensive person needs medical attention if there are clinical manifestations, especially loss of consciousness and dizziness.

First of all, they find out the reasons, that is, whether low blood pressure is associated with another disease. If hypotension is secondary, begin to treat the primary pathology. In addition, measures are taken to eliminate the symptoms and improve the patient's well-being. Before conducting drug therapy, the doctor recommends that the patient try to normalize blood pressure without medication.

Whatever the causes of hypotension, the following rules should be followed:

• Try to drink more fluids (but not alcohol) - at least 8 glasses a day. Plentiful drinking is especially necessary for acute viral diseases (colds).
• Increase your salt intake.
• Limit caffeinated foods in your diet.
• To improve blood circulation, you need to lead an active lifestyle, engage in physical education, sports.
• Check if the medications you are taking are reducing your blood pressure.
• Do not get up abruptly from a chair or bed. Before you get up, you need to sit on the edge of the bed for a while, then get up.
• Do not take hot showers.
• Try not to lift heavy objects.
• Push carefully when going to the toilet.
• The head of the bed should be slightly raised.
• Wear compression stockings or pantyhose to reduce blood flow to the lower extremities and allow more blood to circulate to the upper body.
• You need to eat more often, but in small portions.
• Get enough sleep. Hypotonic for normal life requires more time to sleep - from 8 to 10 hours, otherwise he will be sleepy and not rested.
• Monitor the loads, alternate mental with physical.
• Daily douches or wipings with cold water and a contrast shower are very useful. Such procedures bring the body into tone and improve the functioning of the immune system.
• Do morning exercises.
• Quit smoking and drinking alcohol.

Morning exercises will provide hypotension with a charge of vivacity for the coming day.

Food

With hypotension, diet is very important. The diet should contain foods rich in the following elements:

• potassium.
• Vitamins A, D, C, E.
• calcium.

In addition, you need to eat salty (cucumbers, herring, sauerkraut), more protein foods of animal origin. If the state of the gastrointestinal tract allows and there are no contraindications, you need to add turmeric, cinnamon, chili peppers to food.

Useful products include:

• potato;
• eggplant;
• beans;
• buckwheat and rice;
• butter;
• cottage cheese;
• carrot;
• apricots, dried apricots;
• red meat, liver;
• eggs;
• fish and caviar;
• pomegranate;
• sorrel;
• cherry, blackcurrant;
• onion, garlic, horseradish.

Medical treatment

In some cases, it is not possible to normalize the pressure by changing habits and nutrition. Then the doctor can prescribe medication. It is more difficult to raise blood pressure than to lower it, and there are not so many drugs for this. They are usually prescribed in extreme cases, for example, when you need to urgently increase the pressure. The following are considered the most effective:

• Midodrine. It is used for orthostatic hypotension due to impaired nervous regulation. Increases blood pressure by stimulating receptors in small veins and arteries.
• Fludrocortisone. It helps with almost all types of hypotension, regardless of the cause of development. It works by retaining sodium by the kidneys, which retains fluid in the body. You should be aware that sodium retention leads to a loss of potassium, so it is important to monitor its intake. In addition, the drug promotes the formation of edema.

With hypotension, herbal preparations are most often prescribed - extracts and tinctures:

• eleutherococcus;
• ginseng;
• aralia;
• lemongrass.

Folk remedies

1. Honey with lemon. Remove grains from six lemons and scroll them through a meat grinder along with the peel. Pour the gruel with cool boiled water in the amount of one liter, put in the refrigerator. After a few hours, add half a kilogram of honey, stir and put in the refrigerator for two days. Take before meals three times a day, 50 grams, until the medicine runs out.
2. Immortelle Flask. Pour the flowers of the plant with boiling water and let it brew. Twice a day, take 30 drops of infusion 30 minutes before meals in the morning and afternoon.
3. Immortelle tincture. Pour vodka (250 g) over the flowers of the plant (100 g) and leave for a week in a dark place. Then strain and take three times a day before meals for a tablespoon.
4. Rhodiola rosea tincture. Pour the crushed root of the plant with vodka and insist in the dark for a week (50 grams of root - 50 grams of vodka). The finished tincture is diluted in water and drunk twice a day. The first day - ten drops, then every day they add a drop, but not more than 40 drops. At what dose there was an improvement, stop at that and do not add more.

Massage

With hypotension, massage is used. It improves metabolism, the functioning of the nervous, muscular and cardiovascular systems. Within 15 minutes, rubbing, kneading, stroking in the back of the neck, over the shoulders, in the upper back are done.

Massage will not only help normalize blood pressure, but also ensure good health.

Acupressure

Acupressure will help normalize pressure:

• The first point can be found by placing the palm on the stomach so that the thumb is above the navel. The desired point will be where the tip of the little finger is.
• Second point. Place your right hand on the back of the head so that the little finger touches the ear. Imagine a line connecting the lobes. The desired point is at the intersection of this line with the thumb.
• Third point. Put a hand on the ankle so that the little finger is at the upper edge of its bone. The desired point will be under the index.

Massage each point for one minute with your index finger. You need to press hard, but there should be no pain.

Urgent care

In some cases, a sharp drop in blood pressure may require emergency assistance. Be sure to call an ambulance, and before it arrives, do the following:

• Lay the patient down so that the legs are higher than the head.
• If there is nowhere to put it, put it down, and place your head between your knees as low as possible.
• Drink water or tea.
• Let the mixture of rosemary, mint, camphor oils be inhaled.
• Give the patient something salty to eat.

How to prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure

With a tendency to orthostatic hypotension, you need to follow simple rules:

• Drink more water.
• Do not get up abruptly.
• Reduce your caffeine intake.
• Do not take alcohol.
• Wear compression stockings.
• When dizzy, immediately sit down, if possible - lie down.

Conclusion

Physicians are less wary of low pressure than high pressure, which affects a person and his health is always negative. Most often, low blood pressure does not entail serious consequences, but you should know that it is dangerous if there has been a sharp drop.

Apathy and a subjective feeling of "energetic emptiness" are among the most common symptoms that are mentioned if the pressure is low. In terms of clinical and prognostic significance, this condition is significantly inferior to arterial hypertension, which has such terrible consequences as stroke and heart attack.

However, constantly reduced pressure, especially in old age, is no less dangerous.

If the numbers on your blood pressure monitor are different from the norm, then your concern is justified. This is the case when early attention to the problem will help in its solution. Consider the meaning of the term "low blood pressure", what it is, what causes this condition and whether there are opportunities for therapy.

Low blood pressure - how much?

With regard to blood pressure (BP), the concept of the norm for healthy people varies within a fairly wide range: 110–130 units of mercury, if we talk about the main systolic indicator.

To more accurately determine what low pressure is, how much it is on the display, you need to consider the following:

1. For the vast majority of people, blood pressure is below 110 mm Hg. Art. will feel uncomfortable. Some - even with such a slight decrease, may experience headaches, severe weakness, drowsiness, lethargy.
2. Systolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg. Art. and below is unequivocally interpreted as low pressure, which has its own conditional gradation - insignificant, moderate, pronounced.

The adjectives "low" and "low" are quite often used interchangeably. However, in this article, we will consider low blood pressure as that which falls within the range of 90–110 mm Hg. Art. according to the systolic index.

Of course, such a division is rather arbitrary, however, it makes sense, since the causes of low blood pressure can be different, as well as the possibility of compensating for their influence. The same can be said about the treatment, which, with a slight decrease (up to 90 mmHg), is more likely to involve lifestyle changes than drug therapy.

People with low blood pressure, as, indeed, with high blood pressure, in most cases are guided by the so-called "upper" indicator, that is, the first, larger number on the tonometer. It tells us about the force with which the heart contracts, directing blood into the aorta.

The importance of this indicator cannot be overestimated: the nutrition of the tissues and organs of our body depends on the pressure created in the circulatory system, which directly affects their functioning, the speed of regeneration processes.

The brain is the most sensitive to malnutrition. That is why, with low pressure (systolic), a person is a little slow, experiences drowsiness, often yawns, and cannot concentrate.

Before that, speaking about the norm and deviation in blood pressure indicators, we mentioned only the systolic indicator.

The lower value on the tonometer, which is called diastolic, is much less important, both in terms of prognosis and clinical manifestations. It characterizes to a small extent the work of the heart, and to a greater extent - the state of the vascular walls, which resist the flow of blood. A decrease in "lower" blood pressure, as a rule, is observed in the elderly.

Nevertheless, if we talk about the diastolic indicator, then what kind of pressure is low? There is no clear and unambiguous answer to this question, since the resistance exerted by the vessels does not significantly affect well-being. With a fair degree of conventionality, we can only clarify that a healthy middle-aged person has low diastolic blood pressure if it is below 60 mm Hg. Art.

Disease name

It would not be entirely correct to speak of low blood pressure as an exclusively disease. The reasons leading to a decrease in blood pressure are diverse. Some of them are represented by independent diseases, one of the manifestations of which is low blood pressure.

The name of this symptom is known - hypotension or, which means "decreased tone." The diagnosis of arterial hypotension (as a primary disease) is made with a stable decrease in blood pressure below 90/60 mm Hg. Art. with a pronounced deterioration in well-being, weakness, frequent fainting, difficulty in changing the position of the body from horizontal to vertical.

Not in the strict medical sense, hypotension is often called a slight deviation from the norm, provided that it negatively affects well-being.

Blood pressure tends to increase with age. Quite kids have low blood pressure, which is a physiological norm. At the same time, in newborns, the heart beats faster.

As the body grows, blood pressure also rises: the heart becomes stronger, it pushes blood more efficiently, and the heart rate decreases accordingly. Thus, the norm of pressure in a child should be correlated with age.

If the pressure is low in a teenager, then in most cases this is not associated with a disease, but is:

• individual age-related feature associated with hormonal and other changes occurring in the body;
• a consequence of a hypodynamic lifestyle;
• the result of malnutrition, vitamin deficiency.

Adolescent hypotension usually goes away after the normalization of lifestyle or the completion of the "transition period".

Low blood pressure in girls is a phenomenon that occurs quite often. Often, therapists call this "vegetovascular dystonia of the hypotonic type." The validity of a diagnosis containing the words "vegetovascular dystonia" (or neurocirculatory dystonia - NSD) has recently been increasingly questioned. Women who have been diagnosed with such a diagnosis should go to another clinic, which will conduct the necessary studies and find out the true cause of low blood pressure.

What does the hypotonic state in women mean? About the same thing as everyone else - that the impact force of the heart is reduced. The reasons for this should be dealt with separately and only if low blood pressure is a problem: it reduces the quality of life or worsens the state of health.

Low blood pressure can occur in any trimester of pregnancy, although this is not the norm or rule. The hormonal system of a pregnant woman is undergoing a change. Since blood pressure is primarily regulated by hormones, slight fluctuations are possible.

A woman during pregnancy should lead a normal life, be under the supervision of a doctor and not take unauthorized steps regarding her health.

The decrease in systolic blood pressure below 110 mm Hg. Art., as a rule, is not typical for men, unless, of course, we are talking about patients with heart failure or professional athletes. Both young people and middle-aged men, when typical symptoms of hypotension appear, should certainly be examined.

Stably low blood pressure in a person can be a harbinger of serious diseases - the heart and other organs. An early visit to the doctor will allow you to get a more favorable prognosis for their treatment.

Consider why there is low blood pressure. First, it should be noted that low blood pressure may be a congenital feature, determined, among other things, by the predominance of the parasympathetic tone of the nervous system.

Secondly, it is necessary to subdivide the causes into situational, that is, those that can be corrected by a person on their own, and pathological, that is, those that require special assistance.

The first group of reasons why low blood pressure is very numerous. First of all, this should include:

• a sedentary lifestyle (it is no coincidence that "lack of exercise" and "hypotonia" are consonant);
• lack of adequate physical activity;
• irrational diet (in particular, lack or absence of meat (fish) in the diet, low-calorie diets);
• long stay in a stuffy room or under the open sun in hot weather;
• systematic use of sedatives.

Reasons that require special medical attention include:

• bleeding, including its most dangerous form - internal, when there are no obvious traces;
• heart disease - various, valvular dysfunction,;
• endocrine disorders - blood pressure through special hormones is regulated by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland;
• kidney dysfunction.

The latter should be considered in more detail, since most readers are sure that the function of the kidneys is exclusively urination. However, this paired organ plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. The kidneys produce:

• renin, an increase in the concentration of which leads to an increase in pressure (pressor action);
• compounds that have a depressant effect, i.e., reduce vascular tone (prostaglandins, phosphatidylcholine esters, kinins).

A decrease in pressure may occur due to excessive excretion of sodium ions by the kidneys (which reduces the volume of circulating blood and, accordingly, blood pressure), as well as potassium and calcium ions, which together leads to a decrease in vascular tone, worsens myocardial contractile function, and also reduces the sensitivity of the heart and vessels to substances that regulate their condition.

Rules for measuring blood pressure

AD and psychosomatics

Blood pressure, on the one hand, determines the general well-being of a person. On the other hand, it is itself regulated by a complex of internal factors: the autonomic nervous system, various hormones and biologically active compounds. Finally, the level of blood pressure, as well as the body as a whole, is influenced by the psychological state of a person, the characteristics of temperament and nervous regulation. Such an influence of mental processes on the body is usually called the word "psychosomatics". Low blood pressure is often a psychosomatic syndrome.

A depressed state, the inability to realize oneself in relationships with other people, prolonged depression are factors that contribute to the development of various somatic disorders, including a decrease in vascular tone, and incorrect functioning of the vegetative-vascular nervous system.

Low blood pressure may not manifest itself with any symptoms. In this case, it is customary to speak of physiological hypotension. Basically, a decrease in blood pressure is manifested by typical signs:

• increased fatigue;
• lethargy;
• low motivational component of behavior (a person “does not want anything”, he “does not see the point” in certain actions);
• sleepiness during the day;
• slow reaction;
• constantly "freezing" hands, toes (even at normal ambient temperatures).

The symptoms listed above, as a rule, do not cause significant inconvenience to a person. Therefore, he can live with them for a long time, without attaching much importance.

Seek medical help when more "unpleasant" signs of low blood pressure appear:

• frequent headaches;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• darkening in the eyes with a sharp rise in the body or a change in body position from horizontal to vertical.

Constantly low pressure over time leads to disruption in the work of various organs. The symptomatic picture in these cases can be almost any.

What is dangerous?

To understand what low blood pressure can lead to, you need to pay attention to three consequences of such a condition:

• trophic disorder (reduced nutrition) of organs and tissues;
• the so-called "stagnation" in the internal organs;
• inclusion of compensation mechanisms for pressure stabilization.

A trophic disorder contributes to the deterioration of metabolic processes, which negatively affects the ability of cells to regenerate and, in general, the performance of organs by their functions. With prolonged nutritional deficiency, trophic ulcers can develop on the skin of the extremities. With a certain combination of factors (pronounced, increased platelet aggregation), the likelihood of developing an ischemic stroke increases.

Speaking about how dangerous low blood pressure is, one cannot ignore the important fact that a decrease in the trophism of some organs can lead to stagnation in them. In addition to the deterioration of their functions, this condition is fraught with the development of inflammatory infectious processes. In particular, this applies to organs such as the gallbladder, urinary bladder, prostate gland.

As a compensatory mechanism, hypotensive patients often develop tachycardia. In addition, there is a risk of a transition from low pressure to high. There are studies showing that about 10% of hypertensive patients were hypotensive in the past.

Reduced muscle tone is what, first of all, is associated with low blood pressure in modern urban residents in cases where other pathologies have not been identified. The main recommendation is to introduce more activity into the daily routine in the form of moderate physical activity. Depending on the age and state of health, this can be exercise, walking, running, swimming, cycling.

Nutrition is important. It should be balanced, that is, it should consist of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. At the same time, protein foods of animal origin must certainly be present in the diet.

You should also not forget about the need to maintain a good mood, avoid unnecessary stress, negative emotions, try to motivate yourself to achieve certain goals.

How to treat?

Low blood pressure, the causes and treatment of which are interrelated, requires that a person undergo a full examination and receive personal advice from a doctor. In most cases, general tonic drugs (eg, based on Eleutherococcus) and lifestyle correction are indicated.

Useful video

What determines the blood pressure of a person, you can find out from the following video:

Conclusion

1. Low blood pressure is a fairly common variant of the norm (90–110 mm Hg), and in some cases (below 90 mm Hg) may indicate the presence of some kind of pathology. The name of the disease is hypotension.
2. In most cases, low blood pressure does not require drug therapy. Changes in habits, lifestyle, diet are often enough to normalize well-being.
3. Long-lasting low blood pressure, which causes discomfort and provokes deterioration in health, requires a detailed clarification of the causes and the appointment of adequate treatment.
4. Negative health consequences are what low blood pressure threatens in the long run. Contact your doctor for a face-to-face consultation.

Each cell of the human body is supplied with nutrients and oxygen through the smallest blood vessels - capillaries. They are dotted with the whole body, because the tissues need regular energy and excretion of metabolic products. The expansion of these vessels provokes a decrease in pressure, and narrowing, respectively, an increase.

At the same time, a person experiences malaise and even a headache, therefore it is so important to understand the mechanism of the process and be able to normalize one's condition.

In today's article, we will consider the causes of low blood pressure, the symptoms characteristic of the disorder, as well as some ways to eliminate it.

Causes of hypotension

The regulation of pressure in the body is a very complex process in which local and systemic structural units are involved. Each vessel is lined from the inside with smooth muscles controlled by the nervous system and stuffed with a cloud of sensitive receptors.

It is the contraction of these muscle fibers that causes a change in the lumen in the veins and arteries, and coupled with cardiac activity, a difficult tandem is obtained.

Specialized medical literature claims that there are only 3 mechanisms that affect vascular tone:

1. Local.
2. Nervous.
3. Humoral.

Local regulation is carried out in each part of the body individually. If there is a lot of blood, then it presses on the walls of blood vessels and provokes their expansion. Smooth muscles counteract this influence and tend to assume a normal state. On the whole body, this process is not displayed in any way, so other mechanisms are much more important.

The nervous system regulates pressure with the help of the vegetative part, which works at an unconscious level, i.e. according to nature's instructions. Its sympathetic department, with the help of vasoconstrictors, constricts blood vessels, and the parasympathetic, due to the action of vasodilators, expands.

Any stressful situation can cause excessive excitation or inhibition of the nervous system, as a result of which the vascular tone changes. But we will talk about the factors below.

Humoral pressure control

Humoral regulation is carried out by chemical compounds, the excess or deficiency of which shifts the pressure indicators. Substances have a different structure and are both simple and complex:

1. Calcium ions (constrict blood vessels).
2. Sodium and potassium ions (expand).
3. Hormones (increase vascular tone):

• vasopressin;
• epinephrine and norepinephrine;
• thyroxine;
• renin.

Metabolites (increase blood pressure):

• carbon dioxide;
• pyruvic and lactic acids;
• hydrogen ions.

As can be seen from this list, the vast majority of substances increase pressure. This suggests a simple conclusion: their lack helps to reduce pressure. But there is another point, which lies in the painful state of the body and some habits.

For example, prostaglandins synthesized during any inflammatory process provoke a decrease in the lumen in the capillaries. That is why, with colds and other diseases of the respiratory tract, vasoconstrictors are prescribed.

But after all, pathology can affect many other organs, as a result of which substances will spread with the blood throughout the body and lead to a general decrease in pressure. A similar effect is exerted by histamines, the effect of which is fully felt by people suffering from allergies.

Not to be ignored are heavy smokers. In the human body, the main mediator that transmits the nerve impulse to the muscles is acetylcholine, which also narrows the capillaries.

As is known, nicotine replaces this compound in physiological processes. People who abuse cigarettes have a high concentration of nicotine in the blood, as a result of which chronic low blood pressure develops.

Factors provoking hypotension

The reasons for this pathology lie in the body's reaction to external and internal events, violation of the mechanisms of natural regulation. But what contributes to such a disorder?

There are various factors, each of which can lead to a decrease in pressure:

• acute and chronic diseases (heart, blood vessels, allergies, etc.);
• lack of compounds acting on receptors in the blood (adrenaline, vasopressin, etc.);
• lack of iron, leading to a decrease in hemoglobin levels;
• overwork of the body;
• stressful situations;
• bleeding;
• lack of nutrients (vitamins, minerals, proteins, etc.);
• weather conditions (clouds, rain, fog).

Many women are familiar with the deterioration during menstruation. This is just due to bleeding and hormonal disruptions, which often cause a decrease in pressure.

This phenomenon is also observed in people who have undergone a recent surgical operation, because blood loss is sometimes large, and the stress for the body is interference with internal functioning.

Low blood pressure symptoms

Physicians distinguish chronic and temporary hypotension, but their symptoms are very similar. The difference lies in the fact that chronic hypotensive patients have learned to live with their problem without focusing on it, but people with a temporary disorder feel significant discomfort.

The symptoms and causes that characterize low blood pressure usually refer to the systemic reaction of the body, because the patient has the following signs:

• headache and dizziness;
• sweating of the hands and feet;
• general weakness in the body;
• fast fatiguability;
• poor memory and concentration;
• lack of air;
• decrease in blood sugar;
• increased sensitivity to light and sound.

A common symptom for all hypotension is a long sleep, which a person needs due to high fatigue. Sometimes the patient sleeps even for 9-12 hours, and if he wakes up earlier than the required time, he inevitably feels tired.

When getting out of bed, the eyes are sometimes obscured, and at times there is a faint. In the morning, such people often have not only low blood pressure, but also body temperature (less than 36 ° C).

In addition, hypotensive patients suffer from lack of air - shortness of breath. As a result, it is difficult for patients to stay in stuffy rooms for a long time, in queues of shops and buses with closed windows, and even in a standing position, fatigue sets in much faster.

But do not confuse sports hypotension with a pathological disorder. In fact, these are two different concepts. With regular physical activity, the human heart develops and increases in size, therefore, in one contraction, it throws out more blood. A low pulse also causes a low effect on the vessels, which leads to chronic hypotension, but this course of events cannot be called a pathology.

Now that you know the causes and symptoms of low blood pressure, let's talk about what is dangerous for a person. The opinion of physicians often differs in what pressure is considered normal. Most people register indicators of 120/80, so these data are taken as average.

If, when measured with a tonometer, the results are recorded above this line, then they speak of hypertension, if below - hypotension. However, the body of each person is individual, and many people never complain about the pressure of 90/60, so doctors have introduced concepts such as physiological and pathological hypotension.

Physiological hypotension does not carry any serious danger at a young age, because a person gets used to it and does not feel discomfort. But the body still strives to raise the performance to a normal level, which often turns into a mirror situation in old age - chronic high blood pressure. And although this process lasts for more than a dozen years, one should not wait for a hypertensive crisis, but gradually bring one's condition back to normal.

Pathological hypotension usually indicates disorders in the body. This can be a signal of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system or severe adrenal disease, internal bleeding, and even myocardial infarction. Often, a sharp decrease in pressure is the only symptom that makes you think about the presence of a serious illness.

This is especially dangerous if a person has never had such attacks before. You can learn about pathological hypotension by a sudden loss of consciousness or fainting, and an ambulance should be called in this situation immediately.

Poor innervation of the autonomic nervous system of blood vessels also refers to critical disorders, but it does not always manifest itself in an acute form. In a patient with such a pathology, a violation of coordination of movement, increased fatigue and a decrease in mental abilities are noted, and fainting cannot be ruled out. However, only a complete examination will show the true clinical picture.

Ways to increase pressure

Although it is not easy to cope with physiological hypotension, everyone can do it. And for this it is not at all necessary to go to the hospital, because doctors sometimes prescribe medications without even understanding the problem properly. Yes, the healthcare system leaves much to be desired, so you should first try to resolve the issue yourself. So how to increase blood pressure at home?

First of all, you need to develop a special daily routine, which will be aimed at eliminating physiological hypotension and normalizing vitality in general:

1. Healthy sleep. Sleep at least 8-9 hours a day, and if necessary, more.
2. Smooth rise. Never get out of bed abruptly and quickly, otherwise you may lose consciousness. Lying in bed, you need to knead the muscles of the neck and limbs for several minutes, stretch and only then rise.
3. Morning work-out. It is recommended to devote 15-20 minutes to light physical activity every morning, but engaging in outdoor sports at least 2 times a week (football, volleyball) will lead to a better result.
4. Cold and hot shower. Water procedures should be accompanied by a change in temperature.
5. Proper nutrition. The diet should be diversified with a full range of vitamins, minerals, proteins and other components.
6. Active lifestyle. Free time is not recommended to spend on the couch near the TV. It is better to go for a walk, get some fresh air, or do some mobile work, such as cleaning the house.

In addition, drinking strong tea and coffee will also do the trick, but you should not drink more than 2-3 cups a day. Doctors say that these drinks increase blood pressure to normal levels, although in large quantities a person's nervous system can get too excited, and then there will be problems with sleep.