End of the Ottoman Empire. How did the mighty Ottoman Empire die? From the spot to the quarry

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar. This month is the most important and honorable for Muslims.

According to the calculations of the Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory of ANAS, this year, according to the Gregorian calendar, the month of Ramadan will begin on May 27, 2017.

During the holy month of the Muslim calendar, which is called Ramadan in Arabic, or Ramadan in Turkish, Muslims are required to observe a strict fast - limit themselves to drinking, eating and intimacy.

Following the rules of Ramadan, mature people give up their passions. This is how they get rid of negativity.

The post ends with the great holiday of Uraza-Bayram.

Features and Traditions of Ramadan Fasting - What Are Iftar and Suhoor?

By fasting, believers test the strength of the human spirit. Compliance with the rules of Ramadan makes a person comprehend his way of life, helps to determine the main values ​​in life.

During Ramadan, a Muslim must limit himself not only to food, but also to carnal satisfaction of his needs, as well as other addictions - for example, smoking. He must learn to control himself, his emotions.

Observing the simple rules of fasting, every Muslim believer should feel poor and starving, since the available benefits are often perceived as ordinary.

It is forbidden to swear in Ramadan. There is an opportunity to help the needy, the sick and the poor. Muslims believe that prayers and monthly abstinence will enrich everyone who follows the tenets of Islam.

There are two main prescriptions for fasting:

• Follow the rules of fasting sincerely from dawn to dusk
• Completely refrain from your passions and needs

A few conditions for what a fasting person should be:

• Over 18 years old
• Muslim
• not insane
• Healthy physically

There are those for whom fasting is contraindicated, and they have the right not to observe it. These are minor children, the elderly and pregnant women, as well as those women who are menstruating or going through the time of postpartum cleansing.

Fasting Ramadan has several traditions. Most important:

Suhoor

Throughout Ramadan, Muslims eat early in the morning, before dawn. They believe that Allah will greatly reward such an action.

During the traditional suhoor, you should not overeat, but you should eat enough food. Suhoor gives strength for the whole day. It helps Muslims to stay sane and not be angry, as hunger often causes anger.

If a believer does not perform suhoor, then his day of fasting remains in force, but he does not receive any reward.

Iftar

Iftar is an evening meal that is also taken during fasting. You need to start breaking the fast immediately after sunset, that is, after the last daily prayer (or the fourth, penultimate prayer on that day). After Iftar, Isha follows - the night prayer of Muslims (the last of the five obligatory daily prayers).

What you can not eat in the post of Ramadan - all the rules and prohibitions

What to eat during Suhoor:

• Doctors recommend eating complex carbohydrates in the morning - cereal dishes, sprouted grain bread, vegetable salad. Complex carbohydrates provide the body with energy, despite the fact that they are digested for a long time.
• Also suitable are dried fruits - dates, nuts - almonds and fruits - bananas.

What not to eat during Suhoor:

• Avoid protein foods. It takes a long time to digest, but loads the liver, which works without interruption during fasting.
• Don't drink coffee
• You can not eat fried, smoked, fatty foods in the morning. They will cause unnecessary stress on the liver and kidneys.
• Refrain from eating fish during Suhoor. After it you want to drink

What to eat during Iftar:

• Meat and vegetable dish
• Cereal Dishes
• Small amount of sweetness. You can replace them with dates or fruits
• Drink more water. You can also drink juice, fruit drink, compote, tea, jelly

What not to eat in the evening after adhan:

• Fatty and fried foods. It will harm health - cause heartburn, deposit extra pounds.
• Exclude fast foods from the diet - various cereals in bags or noodles. You won’t get enough of them and literally in an hour or two you will want to have a meal again. In addition, such products will cause appetite even more, as they contain salt and other spices.
• You can not eat sausage and sausages. It is better to exclude them from your diet during the fast of Ramadan. Sausages affect the kidneys and liver, satisfy hunger for only a few hours, and are also able to develop thirst.

Despite the prohibitions and strict rules, there are benefits from fasting:

Refusal of carnal passions: A person must understand that he is not a slave of his body. Fasting is a serious reason to give up intimacy. Only by refraining from sinful things can a person preserve his purity of soul.

Self improvement: By observing fasting, the believer is more attentive to himself. He gives birth to new character traits, such as humility, tolerance, obedience. Feeling poverty and deprivation, he becomes more resilient, gets rid of fear, more and more begins to believe and learn what was previously hidden.

Gratitude: Having gone through the refusal of food, a Muslim becomes closer to his Creator. He realizes that the innumerable blessings that Allah sends are given to man for a reason. The believer gains a sense of gratitude for the gifts sent.

Opportunity to know mercy: Fasting reminds people of the poor, and also calls to be merciful and help those in need. Having gone through this test, the believer remembers kindness and humanity, as well as the fact that everyone is equal before God.

Thrift: Fasting teaches people to be economical, limit themselves and curb their desires.

Strengthens health: The benefit to the physical state of human health is manifested in the fact that the digestive system is resting. In a month, the intestines are completely cleansed of toxins, toxins and harmful substances.

Breaking the Ramadan Fast - Actions Breaking the Muslim Ramadan Fast and Punishments

It is worth noting that the rules of fasting Ramadan are valid only during the daytime. Some acts committed during fasting are considered forbidden.

Actions that interrupt the Muslim Ramadan include:

• Special or intentional meal
• Unspoken intention to fast
• Masturbation or intercourse
• Smoking
• Spontaneous vomiting
• Administration of rectal or vaginal medications

However, similar actions are condescending. Despite their similarities, they do not break the fast.

They include:

• Unintentional meal
• Administration of drugs through injections
• kisses
• Petting, if they do not lead to ejaculation
• Teeth cleaning
• blood donation
• Period
• involuntary vomiting
• Failure to perform prayers

Punishments for breaking the Ramadan fast:

Those who unintentionally break the fast due to illness must spend the missed day of fasting on any other day.

For sexual intercourse performed during daylight hours, the believer is obliged to defend another 60 days of fasting, or to feed 60 needy.

If skipping the fast is allowed by Sharia, it is necessary to perform repentance.

We present the fasting table for residents of Baku and its suburbs:

The calendar was compiled based on the calculations of the Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (ANAS).

Question:

Peace to you! I am not a Muslim myself, but I am interested in Islam. And I am interested in this question: why are Muslims not only allowed to eat, but also drink during fasting? A person can live without food for a long time, but it is very difficult to live without water - after all, our body consists of 2/3 of water. Is there any explanation for this prohibition in your religion?

Answer:

And peace to you. Thank you for your question.

The topic of fasting is of interest not only to many non-Muslims, but also to those Muslims who have recently converted to Islam, so they were not previously familiar with the rules of Islamic fasting.

I remember that I myself fasted for the first time in Ramadan, not yet being a Muslim. I had many Muslim students at school, and I wanted to express my solidarity with them in this way.

Then it was hard for me to believe that next year I myself would become a Muslim and would fast as a Muslim.

Your question, therefore, is very close to me - when I first started fasting, I found that during the daytime I was not so much hungry as much thirsty.

In the Qur'an we find the following verse:

“We sent down from the sky water in measure (i.e. rain) and soaked the earth with it, and, verily, it is in Our power to evaporate it.

With the help of water We have grown for you palm groves and vineyards, where many fruits that you eat grow for your needs. (23, 18-19).

Water is just one of the many gifts of the Creator that we take for granted in our lives. Just think how many times we use water in one day (we not only drink water, but we wash ourselves with it, wash our clothes, clean our house, cook food, wash dishes, use it in industry, etc.).

During Ramadan, we are ordered to give up some of the blessings that the Almighty has endowed us with (from food, drink and the love of our spouses) for a while - precisely so that we can better feel the full importance of these things.

If we are deprived of some things that are important to us for a while, we begin to appreciate them more when we finally regain them. All Muslims will confirm how tasty and valuable for them the first sip of water at sunset, when you can finally open the post. This water seems to us tastier than the most exquisite dishes.

In Ramadan, we also thank Allah for the rain - at other times of the year it can irritate us, but at this time, when we are deprived of water, we rejoice at the opportunity to refresh ourselves.

In times of difficulty, it is easier for us to sympathize with those people who are deprived of such an opportunity - to eat and drink when they want. How many people on Earth live in places where ordinary water is a rarity, and every sip of it is hard to come by.

All of the above, however, is only an introduction to the story of why Muslims fast. We don't do this to keep fit or experience some unusual spiritual states. We fast because our Lord - Allah Almighty ordered us to do this. Fasting is one of the so-called. "five pillars" of Islam, belief in which is required of all Muslims:

We read in the Quran:

“Whoever of you finds the month of Ramadan in which the Qur'an was sent down - the true guide for people, the clarification of the straight path and the distinction [between truth and falsehood], let him spend it by fasting. And if someone is sick or on a journey, then let him fast the same number of days in another month. Allah desires ease for you, not difficulty, desires that you complete the number of days [defined for fasting], and that you exalt Allah for guiding you to the true path. Perhaps you will thank Him." (2, 185).

Islam is a very wise and practical religion, it takes into account all possible life situations. If a person lives in his area, he must fast, but he is released from fasting if he is on the road or sick (as can be seen from the above verse).

The very command to fast also follows from the Qur'an:

“Oh, you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who lived before you - perhaps you will become God-fearing. (2, 183).

Muslims fast because it is the command of Allah, they observe it in order to achieve the pleasure of their Lord.

In fact, fasting is a complete abstinence from basic human needs - food, drink and relationships between the sexes, during the daylight hours - from dawn to dusk.

Also - which is very important, fasting is not only physical abstinence, it is also a moral abstinence from all bad habits (like smoking) and bad deeds - like quarrels, gossip, slander. At this time, it is important to abandon even bad thoughts - envy, hatred, ill will. From one abstinence will not be useful if a person at this time quarrels with someone or wishes evil to another. Our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that such a person will not get anything from fasting, except that by the end of the day he will suffer from hunger and thirst.

So, as I tried to explain to you earlier, we refuse to fast even from water. Sometimes this is easy to do (for example, in the cool season), but if there is a summer heat in the yard, this is a very significant sacrifice. Especially towards the end of the day of fasting, when you start to feel tired and sleepy. But if a person knows that he is doing it for the sake of Allah, it is easier for him to endure hardships.

Moreover, what is such a small sacrifice worth compared to the suffering of people in many parts of the Earth - many of whom live in constant hunger and thirst, someone has lost their homes and property - and possibly their loved ones - as a result of hostilities. If we think of all these people, it is much easier for us to sacrifice our comforts by giving up food and water for a little while.

When it is time to break the fast, Muslims gather with their families and friends to open the fast, thanking Allah for His gifts of food and water, which we do not notice during normal times of the year.

So fasting in Ramadan is an extremely useful and important thing when we learn to be grateful to Allah, try to become better and feel oneness with our brothers and sisters in faith.

Hope I was able to answer your question.

Suhoor and Iftar times (the latter corresponds to Maghrib prayer times) for Russian cities for the current year are presented in a table available for download.

Fasting (uraza, ruza) is one of the pillars of Islam, so its observance is mandatory for Muslims.

Usually, a layman understands Muslim fasting as abstinence from eating and drinking during daylight hours. In fact, this concept is much broader: it includes a voluntary refusal not only from eating, but also from committing any sins committed by the eyes, hands and tongue, as well as from certain actions. Being in a state of holding an uraza, the believer must be clearly aware that he is doing this for the sake of his Creator, and not have any other intentions.

In Islamic doctrine, depending on the time of observance and significance, two types of fasting are distinguished: obligatory (fard) and desirable (sunnat).

The first is massively observed by Muslims during the Holy month of Ramadan, which has an incomparable blessing for people. In His Scripture, Allah guides us:

“In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was sent down - the right guidance for the people, clear evidence of the right guidance and discernment. Whoever of you finds this month must fast" (2:185)

A huge reward awaits Muslims who adhere to the Uraza in the blessed month, and severe punishment will certainly follow for leaving it without a good reason. The proof of this is the following statement of the Mercy of the worlds of Muhammad (s.g.v.): “Whoever fasts during Ramadan with faith and hope for the reward of the Almighty, his former sins will be forgiven” (the hadith is cited by Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

However, the Lord made obligatory observance of the Uraza not for all people.

Who does not need to keep a post:

1. Non-Muslims

An important condition for observing the Uraza is the practice of Islam by a person. For others, posting is optional. At the same time, this does not mean that for the days spent without fasting during the months of Ramadan, every person, regardless of his religion, will not have to answer to the Almighty on the Day of the Great Judgment.

2. Minors

Uraza is imputed as mandatory for adults. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that adulthood is meant from an Islamic point of view, which does not occur at 18, as is customary in most countries of the world, but during puberty, which occurs differently for each person.

3. Mentally disabled

Mental capacity is listed among the conditions of obligatory fasting. In other words, a person who is not of sound mind has the right to refrain from observing this pillar of Islam.

4. Everyone who is on the road

Keeping an eye is not necessary for those people who are on the road, that is, travelers. It should be noted that, according to Sharia, travelers are considered to be people who have traveled more than 83 km from home and their journey lasts no more than 15 days.

5. Physically ill people

People who suffer from any disease that requires constant medication, or threatens with severe ailments and pains, up to a threat to life in case of observance of the uraza, are exempted from its need.

6. Pregnant

Women who are carrying a child and fear for the life of their future child have the right not to fast in the month of Ramadan.

7. Breastfeeding women

Women who are breastfeeding babies may not fast as well.

8. Women on the days of menstruation and bleeding caused by childbirth

In the menstrual period and during postpartum bleeding, women, according to Sharia, are in a position of ritual defilement, which is why non-compliance with the uraza is allowed and, moreover, necessary. If pregnant and lactating women have the right to fast, then these days it is better for women to abstain.

9. People who are unconscious

Believers who remain in an unconscious state for a long time, for example, in a coma state, for obvious reasons, are also freed from uraza.

In situations where a person misses one or more days of fasting for the reasons listed above, he should make up for them later, when the reason that gives the right to non-observance of the fast is eliminated, for example, when the traveler returns home or the person comes out of a coma. Believers who are not able to keep uraza during the year, for example, due to illness, should feed one needy for each of the missed days. If this is also difficult for a person in material terms, because he himself is among the needy, then he is completely freed from this obligation.

Desired post- this is one whose observance is desirable, but not imputed to Muslims as mandatory. The believer is rewarded for observing such a fast, but there is no sin for leaving him.

Days when it is desirable to keep uraza:

• Day of Araf- for fasting on this day, the Lord can forgive a person for the sins committed by him for 2 years. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) explained: “Fasting on the Day of Arafah serves as atonement for sins committed in the past and future years” (hadith from Ibn Maji and Nasai).

• Day of Ashura- For those who fast on the tenth day of the month of Muharram, all sins for the previous 12 months are erased. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) admonished his ummah: “Fasting serves as an atonement for the sins of the past year” (Muslim cites the hadith). However, Shiite theologians assure that it is undesirable to hold the uraza on this day, since on this date the grandson of the Final Prophet (S.G.V.) - Imam Hussein, who is especially revered by Shiite Muslims, was martyred.

• First 9 days of Zul Hijah- this can be found mentioned in the hadith: “Fasting in the first days of the month of Zul-Hijja is equivalent to one year of fasting” (Ibn Maja).

• Month of Muharram- Uraza in this forbidden month is considered Sunnat. After all, the Prophet Muhammad himself once said: “After Ramadan, the best month for fasting is the month of Allah - Muharram” (Muslim cites the hadith).

• Month of Shaaban- Another month during which it is desirable to fast. In the lunar calendar, it comes before Ramadan. In the hadiths from Bukhari, there is a mention that the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) was zealous in observing Uraza in the month of Shaaban, except for some days.

• 6 days of Shawwal- also desirable for the post. Shawwal follows the holy month of Ramadan. “If someone completed the fast in Ramadan and added to it six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal, he will receive such a reward as if he had fasted all year” (hadith from Muslim).

• Uraza in a day, or the fast of the Prophet Daoud (a.s.), who held uraza every other day and which, as the Grace of the Worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) said, “is the most beloved fast for Allah” (in accordance with the hadith from Muslim).

• 3 days in the middle of each month- The Prophet (S.G.V.) instructed: “If you want to fast in the middle of the month, then fast on the 13th, 14th and 15th days” (at-Tirmidhi).

• Every Monday and Thursday- it was during these days that the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) regularly observed uraza. “The deeds of the people are presented to Allah on Monday and Thursday,” he said. “And I want my deeds to be presented while I am fasting” (hadith quoted by at-Tirmidhi).

Fasting times in Islam

It is known that in Islam, fasting is observed during daylight hours. The countdown starts at dawn. In the Holy Book of Muslims you can find the verse:

"Eat and drink until you can tell the white thread at dawn from the black, and then fast until night" (2:187)

The fasting person should stop the morning meal (suhoor) before the time of Fajr prayer (usually 30 minutes).

Once one of the ascetics asked the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) about what time interval should be between suhoor and azan for morning prayer, to which he replied: “As much as is necessary to read fifty verses” (hadith from Bukhari and Muslim).

The end of the time of fasting (iftar) comes at sunset and coincides with the time of the evening prayer. In this case, after fasting, the believer should first break his fast, and then proceed to prayer.

At the end of the suhoor, the following dua is read (niyat):

نَوَيْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ صَوْمَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ خَالِصًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى

Transcription:“Nahuatu an-assumma sauma shahri Ramadaan min al-fajri il al-maghribi haalisan lil Layakhi tya’aala”

Translation:“I have determined to fast the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk sincerely for the sake of Allah.”

Immediately after breaking the fast - at iftar - they say dua:

اللَهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَلْت وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ اَفْطَرْتُ فَاغْفِرْلِى يَا غَفَّارُ مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَ مَأ اَخَّرْتُ

Transcription:“Allahumma lakaya sumtu wa bikya amantu wa alaikya tavakkaltu wa ‘ala rizkykya aftartu faqfirli ya gaffaru ma kaddyamtu wa ma akhhartu”

Translation:“O Allah! For Your sake, I kept a fast, I believed in You, and I only trust in You, I break my fast with what You sent me. Forgive me, O Forgiver of my sins, past and future!”

Actions that violate the mind

1. Deliberate receptionm of food and smoking

If a fasting person consciously ate or drank something, lit a cigarette, then his uraza that day will not be accepted. But if he ate something unintentionally, for example, out of forgetfulness, then in this case the person should stop eating or drinking as soon as he remembered his fast, and he can continue to keep the fast - such a fast will be considered valid.

2. Intimacy

After sexual intercourse, fasting is broken. Lip-to-lip kissing and ejaculation due to conscious stimulation (masturbation) have similar effects.

3. Instillation of medicine into the nose and ears

Uraza becomes invalid as soon as a person uses special drugs used for instillation into the nose and auditory canal if they enter the larynx. At the same time, injections that are made into a vein or muscle, as well as eye drops, do not break the fast.

4. Swallowing liquid when gargling

When observing a fast, care must be taken when gargling for medicinal purposes or just to moisten - getting water inside will invalidate your fast. Swimming in a pond and taking a bath in a state of uraza is permissible, but one should beware of the penetration of liquid through the sinuses, pharynx and ears.

5. Use of medical inhalers

During fasting, the use of inhalers should be avoided whenever possible.

6. Intentionally inducing vomiting

If the person holding the uraza intentionally caused vomiting, then his fast is considered violated. If vomiting did not occur by the will of the person, then the fast remains valid.

7. Menstruation

In a situation where a woman has a seizure during daylight hours, she should stop fasting. She will need to make up this day after the end of her period.

Benefits of fasting

This pillar of Islam has many virtues for the believers who follow it.

Firstly, uraza is able to lead a person into the Gardens of Eden, which can be confirmed in the biography of the Prophet (s.g.v.): “Verily, in Paradise there is a gate called “Ar-Rayyan”, through which the Day of Judgment will enter fasting. And no one will enter through this gate except them ”(hadith from Bukhari and Muslim).

Secondly, fasting will serve as an intercessor for a Muslim on the Day of Judgment: "Fasting and the Qur'an on the Day of Judgment will intercede for the servant of Allah" (hadith from Ahmad).

Thirdly, uraza entails, as was said earlier.

In addition, all the requests of a believer who fasts will be accepted by the Almighty. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “A dua is never rejected by a fasting person during breaking the fast” (Ibn Maja).

This year, Ramadan fell on the most sultry and hot period of the summer. Considering the length of daylight, the rise in air temperature over 30 degrees, I would like to try to help the believers in this blessed period. In order to make it easier for us to do good deeds during fasting, our body must be healthy, strong, resistant to difficulties, and we, in turn, must strive in every possible way to help our own body cope with these difficulties.

If we talk about the rules of hygiene and body care, then it is worth returning, at least, to the course of the basics of life safety and remembering the basic rules that coincide with the recommendations of doctors:

- It is very important to wear hats in the heat.

- Refusal of clothes made of synthetic fabrics, from tight-fitting clothes, which, however, are forbidden to wear anyway, especially for women! Wear loose clothing made from natural fabrics.

— Medical professionals advise men not to wear tight belts and ties.

- Close the windows tightly (during the day, if there is an air conditioner, in order to avoid overheating of the room).

- If there is an air conditioner, it is important to remember that the temperature difference with the street should not exceed 10 degrees, you should not be in wet clothes in a room with air conditioning. And directly stand or sit under direct airflow.

Stay indoors as much as possible, especially in the middle of the day when the sun is especially hot.

- If you go outside, do not stay in direct sunlight for a long time.

- Ventilate the room at night.

- Daily wet cleaning of the room.

How to eat right in the month of Ramadan?

If we talk about nutrition, then you should also follow a few simple rules and fasting will be more easily tolerated for you. The very first rule for fasting people and even non-fasting people is to avoid overeating and completely filling the stomach!

The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “The worst vessel that can be filled with the son of Adam (man) is his stomach. It is enough for a person to eat as much as necessary to maintain strength. To say more, a third (of the stomach) is for food, a third is for drinking, and a third is for breathing” (Ahmad ibn Maja, at-Tirmidhi).

The second rule is the correct selection of products for iftar and suhoor. After a long fast, you should not immediately lean on food. It takes 3 dates, water, or persimmons, or even 2-3 olives so that the stomach receives a signal and begins to function normally. A sudden intake of a large amount of food can lead to a deterioration in the state of health in general, and not just to undermine the gastrointestinal tract. The body is like a car that needs to be started, warmed up, and only then hit the road.

Foods containing protein tend to slow down the digestion process, hence the feeling of satiety for a long time. When choosing meals, it is important to avoid overly oily, fatty, fried foods, as well as overly sweet foods. First you need to reduce the body's need for liquid, soup, ayran, compote or milk are perfect for this, they will fill the void in the stomach and for the first time relieve a sharp feeling of hunger. After such a start of the meal, it is advisable to take a break, if after 10 minutes you do not want to eat, you can continue. Do not forget about vegetables, nuts, fruits and bread. For suhoor, it is best to eat eggs, jam, cheese, oatmeal, walnuts, bread, bananas and other fruits.

And, of course, the third rule, but no less important - water, or rather liquid, the average daily intake of which for women is about 2.7 liters, for men it is 3.7 liters in hot weather. It is best to drink green tea, lightly salted water, try not to drink carbonated drinks, avoid very cold and sugary liquids.

Also, one of the important basics is that you need to eat food in strictly observed proportions, breakfast before dawn should be hearty, and dinner after sunset should be light. Delicious, healthy, fortified and varied food will contribute to good digestion and well-being for the whole day.

By adhering to these simple rules, you will be able to observe the entire period of fasting without any special violations. Eat right and be healthy.

Who can not fast in Ramadan?

There are four conditions that impose on a person the obligation to fast in the month of Ramadan:

- be a devout Muslim

- mental fullness

- reaching the age of majority

- the physical ability to fast.

It is allowed not to fast in the following cases:

- during illness;

- during the travelling;

The Holy Qur'an says about these two categories of people (meaning): “The one who is sick among you, and fasting can be harmful in this illness, and also the one who is on the road has the right not to fast. He must fast the same number of days at other times (when he returns from a trip or recovers) ”(Sura al-Baqarah, ayat 184).

- children, minors according to Shariah;

- lost their minds

- people in an unconscious state (lost consciousness);

- Elderly people who are unable to fast;

- pregnant and breastfeeding;

- women during menstruation and during the period of postpartum cleansing are forbidden to fast;

- people who do very hard work and have no other source of food other than this work.

If a person feels very hungry or thirsty, and fears that he may die or that something serious may happen to his health, then he can stop his fast and make up for it later, because saving his life is obligatory. Allah Almighty said: “Do not kill yourselves, for Allah is merciful to you” (an-Nisa 4:). The Qur'an also says (meaning): "Do not cast yourselves into destruction" (Sura al-Baqarah, ayat 195).

What diseases are allowed not to fast in Ramadan?

- Severe brain damage. With severe encephalopathy, the body simply will not be able to adequately respond to the state of stress.

- Old age - over 70-80 years old, in the presence of serious illnesses and severe deterioration of the body. At this age, people often have chronic diseases, some of which are in a state of decompensation. With such diseases, fasting is contraindicated, since the reserves of the affected organ are depleted. And additional stress like fasting during the day, especially during the hot season, will be very dangerous.

- Sudden exhaustion, for example, after a serious illness. In this case, the person in the body did not have any reserves of nutrients, energy reserves that would help him to hold out during the fasting period. Starvation will lead to even more exhaustion.

- Exacerbation of serious chronic diseases is already stress for the body. He throws all his strength into coping with the disease. During this period, the body needs an increased intake of vitamins, trace elements, proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fluids. If we deprive him of the necessary substances, he can take them from old stocks, but when they are exhausted, the body will be completely unarmed before the disease.

- Tumors of any nature and any localization. The tumor "pulls out" all the nutrients from the body. People suffering from tumor diseases look emaciated. If you keep a fast during this period, then the tumor will “pull out” all the reserves of nutrients onto itself. The body will have nothing to restrain the growth of the tumor, because normal cells simply will not have nutrients.

- Cardiovascular diseases. In coronary heart disease, the muscle is in such a state that it does not have enough nutrition to function normally. The coronary vessels supplying the heart do not perform their function well. Once again, fasting is stressful. During fasting, the hormonal system of the body is activated. Thyroid hormones, adrenaline, norepinephrine are released. These hormones affect the heart muscle, making it work harder. Therefore, during fasting, angina attacks are frequent, and with increased physical exertion, you can also get a heart attack. With a lack of fluid in the body, the blood thickens, which can lead to: heart attacks, strokes and can contribute to the formation of a blood clot.

- Peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract in the period of exacerbation. During fasting, when there is a feeling of hunger, a large amount of hydrochloric acid is produced in the stomach, which corrodes the gastric mucosa and perforation of the ulcer is possible.

- Diabetes. Prolonged fasting in diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 and severe type 2 diabetes, hyper and hypoglycemic coma is possible, when blood sugar either drops sharply or rises sharply to high values, which can lead to death if medical care is not provided in time.

Thyrotoxicosis is a disease in which the thyroid gland produces an increased amount of hormones. During starvation, a significant amount of thyroid hormones is released, which can provoke the development of a thyrotoxic crisis.

- Diseases of the blood. This group of diseases is very extensive. Tumor diseases of the blood - leukemia, myelolecosis. With anemia of food origin, associated with a lack of some substance, for example, iron in iron deficiency anemia, you can only aggravate the course of the disease by not giving the body the substance it needs.

If you have one of the above diseases and you intend to fast, we recommend that you always consult with your doctor.

The month of Ramadan for all Muslims is a month of abstinence, good deeds, prayers and reading the Koran. Fasting this month consists of complete abstinence from food, drink and marital relations from dawn to dusk. However, the spiritual meaning of fasting is not only in simple physical abstinence. The real purpose of fasting is to nurture in a person the strength to refrain from sin and do good deeds. As stated in the Qur'an, fasting was prescribed for believers so that they could strengthen piety in themselves - fear of God.

The article was developed by the doctor of the highest category Ramilya Khalitovna KHABIROVA with the assistance of the imam-hatyba of the Historical Mosque of Samara Aukhadetdin-Khazrat KANYUKAEV.

The followers of Islam now have the holy month of Ramadan, in which every believer fasts. They live according to the lunar calendar, which means that every year the period of spiritual purification begins at different times, but certainly on the 9th month of the year. In 2018, Ramadan began on May 15 and will end on June 14. All this time, Muslims are forbidden to take food and water during daylight hours. And only after sunset, the usual way of life begins: the family starts the meal.

The holy month was created for spiritual and bodily cleansing. Ramadan is honored as a memory of the fact that it was during this period that the first lines of the Koran appeared to the prophet Muhammad. It is believed that during this period the gates of Paradise are open and the doors to hell are closed, and even the devils are chained. For a whole month, those who honor Islamic traditions pray more than usual and adhere to strict fasting.

But the day before Ramadan, you need to prepare. Perform a full body wash and state your intention to fast. Then say a special prayer and the next morning forget about food in the daytime. The main thing is to do good deeds, give alms to the needy and feed the hungry.

Proponents of Islam claim that fasting helps Muslims control their emotions. So they are freed from everything negative: anger, envy, temptations. The main task of the righteous is to draw closer to Allah. Fasting contributes to this in the best possible way, pacifying the soul and flesh.

What time can you eat today in fasting: who is allowed not to abstain

There are some exceptions for certain categories of people who, for objective reasons, cannot adhere to traditions. We are talking about pregnant and lactating women, children under the age of majority, the sick and the elderly. They are allowed not to fast, otherwise there is a risk of deterioration in their health.

If, due to circumstances, you have to retreat from fasting for several days, then after the end of Ramadan, it is important to compensate for these days by following the abstinence from food and water during the day for the same number of days. Another option is to feed the hungry. At the same time, for the amount that a person usually spends on groceries for himself for one day. For each day of departure from fasting - one hungry must.

Thus, Muslims in Ramadan eat from dusk to dawn, and during the day they pray and, at first glance, lead their usual way of life. Night hours become a small holiday in such a difficult and responsible period of life as fasting. For the entire period of the holy month, you need to give up bad habits and in no case lead an intimate life during the day. This is one of the most serious violations.