Types of one-part sentences for 2 examples. How to define types of one-part sentences. One-part sentences with the main member - predicate

One-part sentence and its types

Parsing a simple sentence

Parsing plan:

1. Type of sentence for the purpose of the statement

2. Type of sentence by emotional coloring

3. We determine the type according to the sentence according to the structure: we find the grammatical basis, indicate whether it is two-part or one-part.

4. Determine the composition of the sentence: common / non-common, complete / incomplete. We characterize the secondary members of the proposal.

5. We indicate how the sentence is complicated (introductory words, plug-in constructions, homogeneous members, isolated additions, definitions, circumstances, words - appeals that clarify the members of the sentence).

Fading day captivating and blushed brightly .

1) Narrative, non-exclamatory.

2) Simple, two-part.

3) Day- subject, expressed noun. m.p., in the form Im.p., singular; day (what?) blushes- a simple verbal predicate, expressed by ch. in the form of past vr., m.r., express. n., units h.

4) Common, complete. Secondary members of the sentence: day (what?) fading away- an agreed definition expressed by the participle; blush (how?) captivating and bright- the circumstance of the mode of action.

5) The offer is complicated by homogeneous circumstances captivating and bright.

One-part sentence- this is a simple sentence that has only one main member of the sentence (subject or predicate). Types of one-part sentences:

1. Name sentences- these are one-part nominal sentences in which there is only a subject expressed by a noun. in the form of im. n. They have two meanings:

1) Phenomena or objects in the present tense: crossing, crossing ! Coast left, Coast right. Snow rough, edge ice. Evening . sighs wind. Stately exclamation waves.

2) Indication of the subject: Here front door entrance . Here is the letter . Letter from son.

Attention! If a nominal sentence begins with particle A, then it is interrogative-exclamatory: Do you remember the grove above the river? What kind of sand? What about water?

2. Definitely personal suggestions- these are one-part verb sentences in which there is only a predicate, expressed by ch. 1 person indicative n. or ch. 2nd l. imperative n. units or many hours, present or future tense. A subject can be inserted into a definite personal sentence, and then it will become two-part: Learning OK. - I'm studying OK.

3. Indefinitely personal sentences- these are one-part verb sentences in which there is only a predicate, expressed by ch. 3rd sheet, pl. h., last time:

In the door knocked . - ch. 3rd sheet, pl. h., last temp.

What's new in the papers write ? - ch. 3rd sheet, pl. h., present. temp.

In the village will build new school - ch. 3rd sheet, pl. h., bud. temp.

You can put pronouns in place of the subject they, all, etc., then the sentence becomes two-part: He believed . – They all) to him believed .

4.Generalized - personal- these are one-part verb sentences in which there is only a predicate, expressed by ch. 2nd l. units h or ch. 3rd l. pl. h. or bud. time:

Chicks in autumn consider . By clothes meet - according to the mind see off . late autumn days scold usually.

4. impersonal proposals- These are one-part verb sentences in which there is only a predicate expressed by an impersonal verb. Impersonal sentences convey the state of a person, nature and the environment, the inevitability of something, the absence of something. They do not and cannot have a subject.

Ways of expressing the predicate in impersonal sentences

Simple verb predicate

Compound predicate

1. An impersonal verb (ch. 3rd lit., singular, present, past or bud. temp.): It's getting light far away. Outside it gets evening . Nicely smells bird cherry. From the pond drawn cold. Already quite it got dark . 2. Infinitive: To be great storm! Hey there on the bridge dismount, prepare documents . 3. Status category: In the field quietly . to me sad . to me can't sleep . 4. Words NO, IT WAS NOT: Stronger than the cat of the beast No . I have No rulers. Gerasim did not have outside.

1. Verb: A) Impersonal auxiliary ch. + infinitive: Above your sentence worth considering . Soon it will get light . Don't (shouldn't) rush with an answer. B) State category ( must, must, must, cannot, must not) + infinitive: It's good to roam in the midst of the peace of a gentle country. Word can be saved . 2. Nominal: Impersonal linking verb + nominal part (state category, short passive participle): In the hut hot heated . Outside it was cold .

Traditionally, many questions are raised by the types of one-part sentences. According to statistics, there are a lot of mistakes in the tasks related to this topic at the unified state exam in compulsory discipline. What is this complexity? How to correctly and quickly determine the desired type? Now let's figure it out.

Types of one-part sentences: features and structures

So, as you know, all proposals are divided into two types. The first is two-part (this is when there are both subjects and predicate), the second type is one-part, when there is only one of the main members. Complex are both sentences of the first type and the second. As a rule, the main members are not always directly visible, there are moments when they are “disguised” as other parts of speech (and not generally accepted ones - a noun and a verb), while in sentences with one main word, difficulties may not arise.

Types of one-part sentence: general characteristics

In order not to make a mistake in the exam, you need to learn the material at school. Traditionally, five types of sentences with one member are distinguished: definitely personal, impersonal, nominative, generalized and indefinitely personal. We will consider only the most basic ones.

• The first kind is definitely personal. Here the only member is the predicate, which conveys what the person or thing does/says. As a rule, the verb has the forms of the first and second person, that is, you can mentally substitute such pronouns as I / we / you / you. For example: love the rain in autumn; go get some coffee.
• The second type is impersonal. One-part sentences (the types of which are discussed in the article) of this kind also have only a subject in their structure. They are most commonly referred to as state clauses. And here are the main features: here it is impossible to mentally imagine the subject, verbs express any state of nature, man. For example: darkens; it became warm; there was no snow/no rain.
• The third type is nominative. In other words, denominative sentences. Everything is simple here: the main and only member is the subject. For example, there are many suggestions: late fall; April 41st; wonderful weather.
• Types of one-part sentences include indefinite personal sentences. In such cases, again one member is the predicate. How to distinguish such an offer? Instead of the subject, you can easily substitute a pronoun such as "they." Hence the following examples: they knocked on the house; somewhere far away in the forest they shoot.

To determine the types of one-part sentences, you need to highlight the main members. If it is clearly visible that he is alone, you need to determine the part of speech. After these steps, the hardest part begins. As it was written above, the form of the sentence depends in most cases on the person of the verb. Therefore, after determining the part of speech, you need to substitute pronouns for the verb in order to determine its person. Further, there is no longer any doubt in determining the desired type of proposal.

This is how, without visible problems, you can easily and accurately consider such a complex problem of the Russian language.

One-part sentences are sentences whose grammatical basis consists only of one chief member. One-part sentences are divided into two groups: sentences with the main member - subject and sentences with the main member - predicate.

More precisely, the main member of the sentences of the first group is similar to the subject, and the main members of the sentences of the second group are similar to the predicate of a two-part sentence.

Rice. 1. Groups of simple sentences ()

Types of one-part sentences

In definitely personal sentences, the main member is expressed by the verb in the form 1st and 2nd person singular and plural indicative and imperative.

Verb 1st l. units h. ex. incl. - I see a familiar city again.

Verb 2nd l. units h. ex. inc.- Do you remember that autumn evening?

Verb 1st l. pl. h. ex. incl. - Let's not forget your kindness.

Verb 2nd l. pl. h. ex. incl. - Come in tomorrow for a paycheck?

Verb 2nd l. units hours command. inc.- think well!

Verb 1st l. pl. hours command. incl. - Let's go to the cinema!

Verb 2nd l. pl. hours command. incl. - Be sure to visit me!

These sentences report actions or other signs of a person, and a specific person. The personal ending of the verb already carries information about the subject of the action, so it is not necessary to indicate it by other means. That is why, despite the fact that the word denoting the subject of the action is absent in the sentence, definitely personal sentences are complete , since the information contained in them is sufficient to understand the meaning of the sentence without involving additional context.

Think , that he saw a ghost.

1. Think- a definite personal sentence, the predicate is expressed by the verb of the 1st person, singular,
2. what a ghost saw- two-part incomplete - saw- since the subject is expressed by the verb past. temp. units h.

AT vaguely personal sentences, the main member is expressed by the verb of the 3rd person plural. numbers (present and future tenses in the indicative and imperative moods), the plural form of the past tense in the indicative mood, and a similar form of the conditional mood of the verb.

Verb 3rd l. pl. h. ex. incl. - There is a lot of talk in the city about local ghosts.

Verb 3rd l. units hours command. incl. - Let them talk!

Verb pl. h past. temp. will express. incl. - You received a call from the dean's office.

Verb pl. h conditional incl. - If I had been told beforehand, I would have waited.

In indefinitely personal, as well as in definitely personal sentences, the action of a person is reported, but at the same time, the action itself is in the center of attention, and its subject is not important, it is indefinite - either unknown at all, or uninteresting, unimportant.

There was a knock on the door- some unknown people;

You received a call from the dean's office- Dean's staff.

Indefinitely personal sentences must be distinguished from incomplete two-part sentences in which the predicate is in the same forms.

We wanted to get through but we didn't get an answer. Then they started calling again.

1. We wanted to get through but we didn't get an answer. The sentence is compound, the first part is two-part, complete, non-common; the second part is one-component, indefinitely personal, complete, widespread.
2. Then they started calling again. The sentence is two-part, incomplete (from the context it is clear that we began to call), common.

AT generalized personal sentences speak of an action that can apply to all together and to each separately. The subject of such an action is called generalized.

In generalized personal sentences, the main member is expressed

* verb in form 1 -th or 2nd person singular or plural indicative or imperative(that is, in structure, such sentences are similar to definitely personal sentences):

Better say little, but good.

What we have - we do not store; lost - weep.

If you read the inscription "buffalo" on the cage of an elephant, do not believe your eyes. (K. Prutkov)

*or a 3rd person plural indicative verb(Such sentences are similar to indefinitely personal).

They don't wave their fists after a fight. (last)

Taking off your head , do not cry for hair. (last)

Main Member impersonal offer expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd person singular (in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood) or the neuter gender singular (in the past tense of the indicative mood or in the conditional mood).

The formal feature of an impersonal sentence is that the nominative form of a noun or pronoun cannot be introduced into it.

Verb 3rd l. units h. will express. incl. - Blows cool and damp.

Verb cf. kind. units hours past temp. will express. incl. - wanted something festive, bright.

Verb cf. kind. units h conditional incl. - If only I was lucky today, I would study for one five!

In view of the importance of the topic, we will present in more detail the ways of expressing the main member.

Ways of expressing the main member:

- impersonal verb : It's getting light;

Personal verb in the meaning of impersonal: She smelled of wonderful perfume;

Infinitive: I will leave at five, so as not to be late;

The verb "to be" and the word "no" in negative sentences: No exit;

The nominal part of the predicate can be expressed by a short passive participle and an adverb: How much was done! It became fresh;

Impersonal verb + infinitive: It was already getting dark;

Linking verb "to be" in impersonal form + state category word + infinitive : Everyone it was a pity to leave;

Word combination it is necessary, it is possible, it is time, it is necessary + infinitive: You can leave.

The main member of a nominal sentence is expressed in the form nominative case of a noun or phrase containing the word in the nominative case.

Village. River. Tanyusha. Woe. Loud crying.

In nominal sentences, the existence, the presence of something is reported.

Bibliography

1. Bagryantseva V.A., Bolycheva E.M., Galaktionova I.V., Zhdanova L.A., Litnevskaya E.I., Stepanova E.B. Russian language.
).

denominations

Definitely personal

Indefinitely personal

Impersonal

out, here

Gorgeousweather! That'sriver Today hot day.At my brother's exam

I'm in a hurry We hurry hurry up

On the radioannounce announced landing (pl., past tense)

to meunwell (impersonal verb).It's getting light . (impersonal verb).blows come in large numbers No . This doordo not open . To be didn't have to go . It was hot . About the examsreported .

Types of one-part sentences table with examples

denominations

Definitely personal

Indefinitely personal

Impersonal

The main member is the subject expressed by the entity in names. case. May be distributed only by agreed and non-agreed definitions; may contain pointing particlesout, here

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd person in singular. and pl. indicative and imperative moods. The subject in such sentences is easily restored by introducing, substituting personal pronouns I, you, we, you

3rd person plural verbs numbers present. or future tense; past time plural

The predicate in impersonal sentences does not and cannot indicate the actor. The predicate is expressed by impersonal verbs, the impersonal form of a personal verb, the words no, it wasn’t (it didn’t turn out. Failed, etc.), the indefinite form of the verb, the indefinite form in combination with the impersonal auxiliary verb; status words; short passive participles in the form of the middle gender with or without the word to be

Gorgeousweather! That'sriver . !!! If there is a circumstance or an addition in the sentence, then some scientists consider such sentences to be two-part incomplete (with the omitted auxiliary verb), while others consider them to be one-part nominal.Today hot day.At my brother's exam

I'm in a hurry home (1st sheet, expressive infl.)We hurry to school (1st sheet expressive incl.)hurry up to school! (2nd l. imperative incl.)

On the radioannounce landing. (3rd l. pl.) On the radio alreadyannounced landing (pl., past tense)

to meunwell (impersonal verb).It's getting light . (impersonal verb).blows breeze. (impersonal form of personal verb).come in large numbers guests. (impersonal form of a personal verb cf. genus, past tense). FriendsNo . This doordo not open . To be bull on a string. To Lake Ivanudidn't have to go . It was hot . About the examsreported .

One-part sentence- a sentence that has only one main member.

There are five types of one-component sentences: denominative, definitely-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal and impersonal.

One-part sentence type

Name offer The main member is the subject. Expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

Definitely a personal offer The main member is the predicate. The figure is not named, but is conceived as a definite person. The predicate is a verb of the 1st and 2nd person of unity. and sets. indicative and imperative numbers.

Indefinite personal offer The main member is the predicate. The figure is not named and is conceived as an indefinite person. The predicate is a verb of the 3rd person plural of the present, past or future tense.

Generalized personal offer The main member is the predicate. The figure is not named and is conceived as a generalized image. The predicate is a verb of the 2nd person singular and plural of the present or future tense or a verb of the imperative mood. You can't cook porridge with him.

impersonal offer The main member is the predicate. Action and state are not created by the actor. Predicate: 3rd person singular verb;

impersonal verb;

personal verb in an impersonal sense;

infinitive;

the invariable verb form of the particle "no";

participle;

Definitely personal suggestions

Definitely personal sentences - one-part sentences denoting the actions or states of the direct participants in the speech - the speaker or the interlocutor. The predicate (main member) in them is expressed in the form of the 1st or 2nd person of the verbs, singular or plural.

The category of a person is in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood. Accordingly, the predicate in definite personal sentences can be expressed in the following forms: tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, let's tell; go, go, go, go, I will go, you will go, we will go, you will go.

These sentences are very close in their meaning to two-part sentences. Almost always, the relevant information can be conveyed in a two-part sentence, substituting the subjects I, we, you, you into the sentence. in. h.

Indefinitely personal sentences

Indefinitely personal sentences are one-part sentences that denote the action or state of an indefinite person; the actor in the grammatical basis is not named, although it is thought personally, but the emphasis is on the action. The verb in these forms expresses an action that is important in itself, and it does not matter who performs this action.

The main member of such sentences is the 3rd person plural form (present and future tense, indicative mood and imperative mood) or the plural form (past tense verbs and conditional mood or adjectives): they say, they will say, they said, let them say would say; (im) satisfied; (he) are happy. For example:

"An elephant was led through the streets..."

“And let them talk, yes, let them talk, but - no, no one dies in vain ...”

The specificity of the meaning of the agent in indefinite personal sentences is that in reality it exists, but is not called in the grammatical basis ...

The form of the 3rd person plural of the verb-predicate does not contain information about either the number of figures or the degree of their fame. Therefore, this form can express:

group of people: The school is actively solving the problem of academic performance.

one person: They brought me this book.

and one person, and a group of people: They are waiting for me.

face known and unknown: Somewhere in the distance they shout. I got a 5 on the exam.

Indefinitely personal sentences most often have secondary members, i.e. indefinitely personal sentences, as a rule, are common.

As part of indefinite personal sentences, two groups of secondary members are used:

Circumstances of place and time that usually indirectly characterize the figure:

“They sang in the hall. There is noise in the next class. In youth, they often strive to imitate someone. »

These distributors usually characterize the figure indirectly, designating the place and time associated with the person's activity.

Direct and indirect additions made to the beginning of the sentence:

“We were invited into a room; He is welcome here; Now he will be brought here. »

When these minor members are excluded from the composition of the sentence, the sentences are incomplete two-part with a missing subject:

“In the morning we went to the forest. We stayed in the forest until late in the evening. »

Generalized personal sentences

Generalized personal sentences are one-part sentences in which the verb-predicate denotes an action performed by a wide, generalized circle of people.

The verb-predicate in a generalized personal sentence is in the same form as in definite personal and indefinite personal sentences. Proverbs are a prime example.

You can't even catch a fish from a pond without effort.

Business before pleasure.

You never know where you'll find the real word. (paust.)

Don't be born beautiful, but be born happy.

Generalized personal sentences are used in cases where it is important to name the action itself, and not the persons who perform it.

Generalized personal sentences - sentences in which the action is timeless, refers to any, every person, to a group of persons.

Common in proverbs, sayings, aphorisms.

Definitely personal and indefinitely personal sentences can have a generalized meaning, that is, the action referred to in the sentence applies to all persons in general.