Concentration camp. Presentation on the topic "Nazi concentration camps - a death machine" Presentation of the death camp of the Second World War
Slide 2
The children did not stay with their prisoner mothers for long in the camp. The Germans kicked everyone out of the barracks and took away the children. Some mothers went crazy with grief. Children under the age of 6 were collected in a separate barracks, where they did not care about treating those with measles, but aggravated the disease by bathing, after which the children died within 2-3 days. The terrible hour for children and mothers in the camp came when the Nazis, having lined up mothers with children in the middle of the camp, forcibly tore the babies from the unfortunate mothers...
Slide 3
Salaspils - children's death camp
Despite the winter cold, the brought children were driven naked and barefoot for half a kilometer to a barracks called a bathhouse, where they were forced to wash themselves with cold water. Then, in the same order, the children, the eldest of whom had not yet reached the age of 12, were driven to another barracks, in which they were kept naked in the cold for 5-6 days.
Slide 4
...When emaciated people with sick, tortured children were driven behind the triple wire fence of the concentration camp, for adults, but especially for defenseless children, a painful existence began, saturated to the limit with severe mental and physical torture and abuse from the Germans and their minions.
Slide 5
Slide 6
Every day the camp guards carried out from the children's barracks in large baskets the numb corpses of children who had died a painful death. They were burned outside the camp fence or thrown into cesspools and partially buried in the forest near the camp.
Slide 7
Salaspils - children's death camp
In the Salaspils death camp, about 3 thousand children under 5 years of age died as martyrdom from May 18, 1942 to May 19, 1943; the bodies were partly burned and partly buried in the old garrison cemetery near Salaspils. The vast majority of them were subjected to blood pumping.
Concentration camp (abbreviated as concentration camp) is a term denoting a specially equipped center for mass forced imprisonment and detention of the following categories of citizens of various countries: prisoners of war of various wars and conflicts; political prisoners under some dictatorial and totalitarian regimes of government.
With the Nazis coming to power in Germany, the first concentration camps were created to isolate persons suspected of opposition to the fascist regime. But with the outbreak of hostilities, they turned into a gigantic machine of suppression and destruction of millions of people of different nationalities, representatives of the so-called “lower” Slavic population groups, in particular in European countries captured by the Nazis and under occupation.
Already on the way to the camp, the future prisoner got an idea of what kind of physical and mental torment awaited him there. The boxcars in which people traveled towards their mysterious destination were deliberately made to resemble a scaled-down concentration camp. There were no sanitary conditions in the carriages; there was no latrine or running water. In the middle of each carriage there was a large tank, and people were forced to discharge their natural needs in front of everyone, in public - men and women, old and young (the tank, which stood in the middle of the carriage and served for sewage, was overflowing, and with every push of the carriage the contents it splashed onto the shoulders and heads). Medical experiments and experiments were widely practiced in the camp. The effects of chemicals on the human body were studied. The latest pharmaceuticals were tested. Prisoners were artificially infected with malaria, hepatitis and other dangerous diseases as an experiment. Nazi doctors trained in performing surgeries on healthy people.
The conditions of detention in the concentration camps, although they had their own characteristics, were generally characterized by cruelty and inhumanity, as evidenced by excerpts from letters: “Russian soldiers lived and worked in hellish conditions, they were ragged, hungry, cold, barefoot, humiliated and insulted. The SS beat prisoners in concentration camps for the slightest crime”; “The Nazis brutally beat me, deprived me of food and water, put me in a punishment cell and subjected me to cruel torture and abuse”; “They shot me in the forest. They beat me with whips. They were poisoned by dogs. They killed with sticks. They drowned in water. They were stuffed into gas chambers. Tighter! They were starving. They killed with tuberculosis. They were strangled in sulfur-filled concrete cells. They crammed in more people. Two hundred and fifty. Three hundred. Tighter! They strangled me with a cyclone. Poisoned with chlorine. Through a glass peephole they watched the dying writhe. They burned at the stake. They burned in the old crematorium. They let us through the narrow doors one by one. They stunned me with blows from an iron stick. By the skull. They dragged me into the oven. Living and dead.
We tried to fill the oven more tightly. Tighter! We watched through the blue peephole as people shrank and became charred. They killed one by one. They killed in batches. Entire transports were destroyed. Eighteen thousand people at once. Thirty thousand people at once. They brought in batches of Poles from Radom. Jews from the Warsaw ghetto. Jews from Lublin. They drove us through the camp and surrounded us with dogs and machine gunners. They cracked their whips - faster!” Another fact was very striking: hair was cut from the corpses, which went to the textile industry in Germany. Tens of thousands of people became victims of Mengele’s monstrous experiments. Just look at the research on the effects of physical and mental exhaustion on the human body! And the “study” of 3 thousand young twins, of which only 200 survived! The twins received blood transfusions and organ transplants from each other. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out. Before starting the experiments, the good Doctor Mengele could pat the child on the head, treat him with chocolate...
The average prisoner's daily diet takes the following form: 0.800 kg of bread, 0.020 "fat, 0.120" cereal or flour products, 0.030 "meat or 0.075 fish (or sea animals), 0.027" sugar.
Bread is handed out, the rest of the products are used to prepare hot food, consisting of soup once or twice a day and 200 grams of porridge. Usually, after getting up, they collected the dead and stored them at the exit, then a bowl of rutabaga gruel, and a capa lined up the prisoners on the parade ground (Appel Place) for the morning check and reported the block to the Fuhrer. The blockführer walked around the formation, himself checked the presence of prisoners, and in turn reported to the lagerführer or his deputy. After which the prisoners, under the supervision of a captain and accompanied by a platoon of guards, were taken to work. Duty officers and non-commissioned officers from the administration were assigned to work every day, regardless of position (except for camp leadership). Rise was at 4 am, bedtime at 10 pm. There were attendants who took turns waking people up.
Concentration camps, ghettos, and other places of forced detention created by the Nazis and their allies were located in the territories of different countries: Germany - Buchenwald, Halle, Dresden, Dusseldorf, Catbus, Ravensbrück, Schlieben, Spremberg, Essen; Austria – Amstetten, Mauthausen; Poland – Krasnik, Majdanek, Auschwitz, Przemysl, Radom; France – Mulhouse, Nancy, Reims; Czechoslovakia – Hlinsko, Kunta Gora, Natra; Lithuania – Alytus, Dimitravas, Kaunas; Estonia – Klooga, Pirkul, Pärnu; Belarus - Baranovichi, Minsk, as well as in Latvia and Norway.
Gas chambers, gas chambers and crematoria were the main elements of these camps. In a fascist concentration camp, a prisoner was identified by a distinctive sign on his clothing - a colored triangle on the left side of the chest (or on the back) and the right knee - this was how the group to which the prisoner belonged was determined (political, “unreliable”, criminals, etc.) and the order number. In addition to the usual triangle, the Jews also wore yellow, and also a six-pointed “Star of David.” Some concentration camps practiced tattooing the prisoner's number on his arm.
Class hour for high school students. Synopsis “Death Camp”, dedicated to the memory of prisoners of Auschwitz
Description: This class hour, dedicated to the liberation of prisoners of the Auschwitz death camp, is designed for students in grades 10-11. The work can be used by class teachers to conduct class hours and conversations dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War.Target:
Introduce students to the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Tasks:
- Expand students’ understanding of the Great Patriotic War;
- To develop students’ interest in the history of the country;
- Foster a sense of compassion for the memory of the victims of the Nazis.
Equipment:
- Computer;
- Multimedia projector.
Music by Johann Sebastian Bach, composition: Sarabande
Student 1:(slide 1;2)
No matter how many years or centuries have passed,
The people and the land will remember
Camps where painful death,
People died, cursing the Nazis.
Women, children, soldiers died,
Leaving only mountains of bones
Yes, pajamas, striped pants,
What was lying around the chambers - ovens
Well, those who waited for victory
They still don't believe it
That fears and troubles are gone forever,
They still curse the war.
I still dream about it at night
Hunger, cold, disease and death,
The camp number remains forever,
Time will not erase its trace...
Nadezhda Gorlanova
Classroom teacher:(slide 3, 4)
Near the Polish city of Krakow there is a place that will not leave anyone indifferent. Here is the largest camp founded by the Germans - the Auschwitz death camp. The camp complex consisted of three camps: Auschwitz I (served as the main center of the entire complex), Auschwitz II (also known as Birkenau, "death camp"), Auschwitz III (a group of several small camps created around a common complex). Every day for those living in the camp was a struggle for survival.
It was impossible for prisoners to escape from there, since the entire territory was surrounded by energized barbed wire and watchtowers. An attempt to escape was punishable by death. This is one of the most terrible places on earth... Today, on the eve of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory over fascism, let's take a short excursion to the camp and remember what events took place there...
Student 2:(slide 5)
The treatment of the prisoners was inhumane. Maintaining basic hygiene without soap and water was impossible. Only occasionally were they given a limited amount of time to wash themselves. Prisoners were allowed to go to the toilet twice a day for a few seconds. The prisoners were not fed for a long time; they ate bark and grass. It happened that the Nazis had fun and organized “races”, when rutabaga was thrown to the prisoners at different ends of the camp, people rushed to the vegetable, crushing each other. The prisoners slept on three-story bunks covered with straw. In such unsanitary conditions, people often fell ill with various infectious diseases.
Student 3:(slide 6)
Concentration camps were considered conveyor belts of death. Here the work of the crematoria and gas chambers did not stop for a minute. Every day new prisoners arrived at the camps. They were examined by doctors and divided into those able to work and those unable to work. Weak and sick people, children, and the elderly were sent to gas chambers so that there would be no panic; they were told that they were taking them to a bathhouse. In the gas chambers they were poisoned with Cyclone gas; 15–20 minutes were enough to kill people. After that, all valuables and good things were removed from the bodies, teeth were pulled out, and women’s hair was cut off. The bodies were then sent to ovens.
Student 4(slide 7)
Forced labor was carried out in the camps. On the camp gate is written “Arbeitmachtfrei”, which means “work sets you free” in German. People worked day and night, in frost and sun, working with shovels and crowbars. Prisoners were involved in the construction of roads, new barracks, and warehouses. Many worked in metallurgical plants. Tens of thousands of prisoners were recruited to build a military chemical plant and a military fuses and fuses plant for bombs and shells near Auschwitz. For agricultural work, prisoners used to be harnessed to plows instead of horses. During the work, people were severely beaten. Crematoriums awaited those who could not cope with the work.
Student 5:(slide 8)
There were many children and pregnant women in Auschwitz. Many mothers were taken away after the birth of the child and drowned in metal barrels, then the bodies were thrown out to be eaten by rats. Blonde-haired and blue-eyed children were selected and sent to Germany. Children from 8 to 16 years old, those who were not sent to the gas chambers, were forced by the Nazis to do physical labor along with adults. Experiments were carried out on children, as well as on adults, and lethal doses of tranquilizers were tested on them. German doctors selected twins for medical experiments.
Few children managed to survive in such brutal conditions.
Student 6: (slide 9)
Medical experiments and experiments were widely practiced at Auschwitz. The newest drugs were tested. The effects of chemicals on the human body were studied. Experiments were carried out on prisoners and they were infected with such dangerous diseases as malaria, hepatitis, typhus and jaundice. Nazi doctors performed surgery on healthy people as training. One of the common operations was castration of men and sterilization of women. Few of the experimental prisoners survived.
Classroom teacher:(slide 10; 11)
On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army liberated the Auschwitz concentration camp from the Nazis, where thousands of prisoners were awaiting liberation. This day is considered the Day of Remembrance for Concentration Camp Victims.
After the war, the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum was opened on the territory of the camps. On the memorial plaque it is written: “Let this place be forever a cry of despair and a warning to humanity...” This place is a reminder of the most terrible crime against humanity. It is our duty to remember the history of our country so that those terrible events never happen again.
Our class hour, I want to end with lines from a poem by Evgeniy Poniatovsky
Auschwitz.
For half a century, silence reigned over Auschwitz.
She is louder than any alarm.
Flowers bloom where once upon a time
Hundreds of dead human bodies lay in a pile...
Are we really going to forget about them?
Unknown, and not guilty of anything?...
Presentation on the topic: Class hour “Death Camp” dedicated to the memory of prisoners of Auschwitz
In July 1937, in the immediate vicinity of Weimar, the city where the great German humanists lived and worked, a camp of cruelty and inhumanity, the Buchenwald concentration camp, arose.
- In July 1937, in the immediate vicinity of Weimar, the city where the great German humanists lived and worked, a camp of cruelty and inhumanity, the Buchenwald concentration camp, arose.
- The prisoners called this access road to the concentration camp, soaked in the sweat and blood of thousands of tortured people, “Bloody Road.” The prisoners were forced to build this concrete road in a devastatingly short time. While driving the prisoners along it to the camp, the SS men beat them and poisoned them with dogs.
- In the morning and evening the prisoners passed through these gates. On their iron bars there is a mocking inscription: “To each his own.” The Nazis tried to break the moral strength of the prisoners with mockery and cynicism.
- Chained to the gates and bars on the windows, without food, completely dependent on the arbitrariness of the SS men, the prisoners, serving their sentences, stood days and nights, and some until their death
- Behind the gate there is a wide apel-platz (building area). Prisoners had to stand here for hours in the morning and evening during roll call. Under the prickly snow and pouring rain, in the heat and bitter cold
- Once they stood for 18 hours in the icy wind.
- In the punishment cell, the SS men used blackmail and sadistic cruelty to force prisoners to testify, and kept those doomed to long-term solitary confinement and death.
- For a number of years, the Buchenwald executioner Martin Sommer raged here, who tortured 100 prisoners in 6 months. He beat, trampled, strangled, hung, poisoned.
- Being sent to a punishment cell was tantamount to death.
- Behind the Apel parade ground there were barracks. By the end of the war, there were 40,000 people in them.
- Block No. 8 was called the “children's block.” The living conditions there were terrible. The living quarters here were stables, without windows or sanitary facilities, with bunks on 3 and 4 floors.
- The crematorium is the last stage of the killed and tortured. There was fumes and smoke above its chimney day and night.
- Device for shooting with a shot in the back of the head. 8,483 people were killed at this site.
- One of the most feared jobs was working in a quarry. Every day, the team that worked there had the most deaths.
- Prisoners were sent to the quarry for liquidation. They were either beaten to death by beatings or whips, or driven to a line of guards who would “shoot” them.
- The Nazis drove thousands of children to concentration camps. Torn away from their parents, experiencing all the horrors of concentration camps, most of them died in gas chambers.
- With the outbreak of the war, the daily ration of bread was immediately cut. In conditions of the hardest physical labor in 1943-1944. prisoners received 350 grams each, in 1944-1945. - only 250 g, and Soviet prisoners of war only 100 g of bread per day.
- In Buchenwald, SS doctors carried out experiments on request. The vaccines they created against typhoid, yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, and diphtheria were tested on defenseless prisoners. These experiments always had a fatal outcome.