Монологическое высказывание по русскому языку. Как составлять монологическое высказывание
Здесь вы найдете примерные монологи для всех заданий ОГЭ по английскому языку. Напоминаю, что монологическое высказывание является третьим и заключительным заданием устной части экзамена.
Монологи составлены в соответствии с открытой базой Федерального института педагогических измерений (Фипи), раскрыв все темы строго по их плану.
Задание
You are going to give a talk about
keeping fit.
You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
· why a healthy lifestyle is more popular nowadays;
· what you do to keep fit;
· what sports activities are popular with teenagers in your region.
Примерный
ответ
Well, now I’m going to give a talk about keeping fit and healthy lifestyle.
Healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular nowadays. There is a number of reasons for that but the most important reason is that people live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. Healthy lifestyle helps people do that.
As for me, I try to keep fit in different ways. First of all, I do my morning exercises every day. In addition to it, I go to the swimming pool once or sometimes twice a week. Also, I stay away from bad habits, because I’m convinced that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain.
Well, as to other teenagers of my region, I should say that they are interested in different sports activities. They often play football and other active games on sports grounds, go to gyms and swimming pools. Besides, more and more young men become interested in martial arts, such as karate, boxing, kickboxing, judo and so on.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that healthy lifestyle is a “must” for modern people
2 Монолог “My school”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
· what you like most about your school;
· what weekday you find the most difficult, and why;
· what you would like to change in your school life.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
I like my school very much, but it is my classmates that I like best of all. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games and so on.
As for weekdays, I find Monday the most difficult one because we have six lessons on this day, including Mathematics and Physics. Frankly speaking, I’m not good at these subjects, and I don’t enjoy these lessons.
In my opinion, much can be changed and improved in my school. For example, PE lessons. I’d like them be more diverse. As a rule, we play volleyball and basketball at the lessons, or simply on the stadium. It would be better if we had a chance to work out with weights and play games that are more interesting .
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that school education is very important for teenagers and should help them build character and develop mind.
Задание
(
вариант
2)
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what your typical school day is like;
· what your favourite subject is, and why;
· what you like most about your school.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, now I’m going to give a talk about my school.
To begin with, I’d like to say that my shool is one of the biggest schools in my city, where more than one thousand pupils get their education.
As far as my typical school day concerned, I should say it is very busy. It usually starts at 8 o’clock in the morning and comes to an end at 2 or 3 o’clock in the afternoon. Every day we have 6 and sometimes 7 lessons. We also have breaks, but they are not very long.
As I have just mentioned, my typical school day involves a number of lessons. Russian, Literature, and Mathematics are the most frequent ones. As a rule, we do a lot of work at these lessons: learn rules, do exercises and tests, write essays, make reports, and so on.
My favourite subject is English. I have been learning it since the 2nd form and I hope to relate my life to it. Chances are good that I will be an interpreter. If not, I can always go to school and be an English teacher.
I like a lot in my school but it is my classmates that I like most. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games, going to the cinema.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasis the fact that school education is very important for teenagers and should help them build character and develop mind.
3 Монолог “The place where I live”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about the place where you live. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what your city, town or village is famous for;
· what your favourite place in your city, town or village is, and why you like it;
· whether you are going to stay in your city, town or village after leaving school or move to another place, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
(
на
примере
г
.
Кемерово
)
Well, I am going to give a talk about my city.
To begin with, I’d like to say that the name of my city is Kemerovo. This is the capital of Kuzbass, the main coal region of Siberia.
In the first place, Kemerovo is famous for its coal producers and chemical industry. Coal mined here is consumed in this country and exported abroad. In addition to coal, different chemicals are produced here. THe products of a gigantic plant Azot are in great demand all over the country.
As to me, I like my city very much, because it has lots of beautiful places where you can rest and relax. The embankment of the river Tom is my favourite place in Kemerovo. Here you can sit quietly on the banks and admire wondefurl nature. The embankment is also a good place where you can walk alone or with your friends.
Frankly speaking, I haven’t yet decided what to do after leaving school. It depends on many factors. More likely than not, I will stay in my city, because I have all the opportunities to get good education here. I just have no reason of moving to another region. But as the saying is, time will tell.
In conclusion, I’d like to invite everyone to visit Kemerovo and enjoy this city.
4 Монолог “Foreign languages”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about foreign languages. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why lots of people learn foreign languages nowadays;
· why you have chosen to do the English exam this year;
· what you did to prepare for your English exam.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
To begin with, I’d like to say that more and more people learn foreign languages nowadays. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people want to understand citizens of other countries and to be understood by them. In addition to it, travelling has become easier, and the Russians have a variety of opportunities for going abroad. If you are fluent in a foreign language, you feel more confident.
It goes without saying that English is established as the most important and popular language. As for me, I have been learning English for 5 years. And this year I have chosen to do the English exam. I regard this exam as a chance to test my language skills. I have always wanted to know my real speaking skills and find out my strengths and weaknesses.
I did much work to prepare for my English exam. First of all, I revised grammar. I learned a lot of rules and consolidated them in doing exercises. In addition to it, I read texts of various genres to enlarge my vocabulary. I also listened to a number of radio programmes and podcasts to make my listening better. And I also made efforts to improve my speaking. I used every chance to speak English at the lessons and at home.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that English is in great demand these days, so I recommend everybody to start learning it as soon as possible and commit to it.
5 Монолог “Pets”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about pets. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why people keep pets;
· what pets are most popular in big cities;
· whether having pets is a big responsibility, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about pets.
To begin with, I’d like to say that nowadays more and more people keep pets in their houses: cats, dogs, parrots, hamsters, guinea pigs, and so on. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people seek to make friends, and pets are a kind of friends they can make fast and easily. Besides, pets give positive emotions, that’s why people like to keep them. If you are under stress, you can just stroke your cat and feel somewhat relieved.
As to the most popular pets in big cities, I should say it depends. If you live in a big city, a cat or a small dog would be the best option. Firstly, they don’t need extensive space to live on. Secondly, you don’t have to spend a lot of money on buying pet food. If you live in the country, you can choose whatever you want. There is always plenty of room and food for any pet here.
Anyway, having pets is a big responsibility. Pets are animate objects, and if you don’t take good care of them, they may fall sick and even die.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that pets play an important part in our life and we should be aware of both pluses and minuses of keeping them.
6 Монолог “The Internet”
Задание
Remember to say:
· why today’s teenagers use the Internet so much;
· how the Internet makes long-distance communication easier;
· what dangers teenagers can face when they use the Internet.
You have to talk continuously.
Задание
(
вариант
2)
You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why using the Internet is so popular;
· how the Internet can help students in their studies;
· whether the Internet can be dangerous, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
To begin with, I’d like to say that we live in the world of modern technologies. We are surrounded by lots of sophisticated gadgets: smartphones, iPhones, notebooks, netbooks, laptops. They are very useful because they have practically unlimited functionality. But it is the connection to the Internet that makes them useful to the max.
Today the Internet is exceedingly popular and used very much, especially by teenagers. They do it for a number of reasons. Firsty, they create their profiles on different social nets such as vkontakte, odnoklassniki, facebook, instagram and others. Young people like communicating with each other, and the social nets give them this opportunity. Secondly, the Internet is a depot of innumerable information, so teenagers use the internet as a source of answers for various questions. So, the Internet helps students in their studies. Whether they need to make a report or prepare for a test, they launch a browser, type in the request and get lots of pages according to the request.
Besides, the Internet makes long-distance communication easier. There are special programs for communication of this kind. One of them is Skype, which is sure to be the most popular program. You can see and hear the person whom you are talking to.
Frankly speaking, the Internet is not as safe as you wish it were. Firstly, the spread of information is uncontrolled on the Internet, so teenagers often run into dangerous pages containing information about selling drugs or committing a suicide. I strongly believe that this information must be banned.
In conlcusion I’d like to say that if you follow the safety rules when using the Internet you are not endangered, and you can use the Internet to your advantage as much as possible.
7 Монолог “Holidays”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about holidays. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what holidays are most popular in your country;
· what your favourite holiday is and how you celebrate it;
· if you prefer to give presents or to get presents, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Задание
(
вариант
2)
You are going to give a talk about public holidays in Russia. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what public holidays are celebrated in Russia;
· what your favourite public holiday is, and why you like it;
· how your favourite public holiday is celebrated in your city, town or village.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, now I’m going to talk about holidays.
To begin with, holidays play an important part in our life. Holidays give us an opportunity to rest and relax, they also improve our mood and make us happier.
Our country has a number of (public) holidays. The most popular are New Year, the 8th of March (the women’s day), Spring and Labour Day, Victory Day, Russia Day, and others. All these holidays are very important for every citizen of the Russian Federation.
My favorite (public) holiday is New Year because this is a special occasion. It is not only an opportunity to relax but also to think about how you lived the past year and make plans for the next one. In addition to it, New Year is a reunion for the whole family of ours, so we always look forward to it.
My family established its own way of celebrating New Year. In the evening we visit our best friends who live next door and have some time together. Then, at midnight, we come back home and have our celebratory meal. We usually watch TV shows, listen to music, fool around, and, of course, give each other presents.
As for me, I like both giving presents and getting them. Both actions are very enjoying. But honestly speaking, I like getting presents more because now I don’t have enough money for giving them.
Staying at home with your family is not the only way to celebrate New Year. You can visit city celebrations which include fairs, contests, concerts, and fireworks. The culmination of the New Year celebration in our city is setting up fireworks. It is just awesome!
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that every holiday is a great time, and I wish there were as many holidays as possible.
8 Монолог “Travelling”
Задание
Remember to say:
· why most people like travelling;
· which season is the best for travelling in your opinion;
· what means of transport is the best, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Задание
(
вариант
2)
You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why most people enjoy travelling;
· what people like doing while travelling;
· what place you would like to go to, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Nowadays, people have a great variety to rest and relax: going to the cinema, playing sports, and so on. But the most popular option remains travelling.
People like travelling for a number of reasons. Firstly, travelling is a good way to focus away from work and study and, so to say, to recharge batteries. I mean people can replenish their inner supplies of energy and refresh emotions. Secondly, travelling is a good way to broaden the mind and gain knowledge. If you go to a foreign country, you can learn its customs and traditions, see the sights, make friends with local citizens.
While travelling, people like to do different things. It depends upon the place and purpose of your visit. If you travel to a resort town, you usually swim in the sea and bake in the sun. If you travel on business, you’re supposed to establish contacts, carry on talks, making contracts, and so on. If you travel for educational reasons, you attend lessons, go on excursions, gain knowledge and develop your skills.
In my opinion, summer is the best season for travelling. Most adults are on leave in this period and children have holidays, that’s why summer is the optimal time when you can start on a journey.
As to means of transport, each one has its pluses and minuses. If you travel by train, you can admire beautiful landscapes and you feel safe. But it takes more time to get to the destination. Travelling by plane saves time but deprives you the chance to enjoy the nature outside, and what is more, fills you with misgivings about the flight.
As to me, I have already travelled to many places, but my dream is to visit Tokyo. This is the place I would like to go to because it is one of the world leaders in business, culture, science and technology. Besides, I plan to learn Japanese in the future, so, visiting Japan can help me to do that.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that travelling plays an important part in our life and everybody should travel as much as possible.
9 Монолог “Career plans”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your career plans. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what job you want to do in the future;
· what two subjects you think are the most important for your future job, and why;
· whether your family approve of your career choice or not.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
All people have to work in order to make a living. It is very important that a person has a job according to his or her abilities and wishes.
As for me, I’d like to be an interpreter in the future. I like foreign languages very much, and, frankly speaking, I’m very good at them. Nowadays, I do my best to learn English and Spanish because they are the languages that are widely spoken and popular with lots of people.
I think that English and Geography are the most important subjects for my future job. They are two subjects that help me learn much about other countries, their customs and traditions. English and Geography also help me understand native people of other countries, respect their culture and communicate with them in the most effective way.
All the members of my family approve my career choice because they strongly believe that interpreting is an exciting and well-paid job. Frankly speaking, my family just want me to be happy and they support any decision of mine.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that every teenager shouldn’t procrastinate in deciding about his or her job because a successful career requires much time and efforts.
10 Монолог “Books”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· whether reading is still popular with teenagers, and why, or why not;
· what kind of books you like reading;
· why many people prefer e-books to paper books.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about books.
To begin with, I’d like to say that there are a lot of ways to spend free time: doing sports, watching TV, going to the cinema, playing games, and so on. And, of course, you can just read a book.
Frankly speaking, reading books is losing its popularity with teenagers making way for more exciting activities, such as watching blockbasters in 3-D, playing computer games, social networking, arranging parties. If a teenager has to choose between reading a book and playing a brand new computer game, he or she will definitly show preference for the game. Modern games excel books in all aspects. Firstly, modern games make a tremendous visual impact. The game world looks extremely realistic. Secondly, when playing a game, you are not an outsider. You are an active insider participating in everything that happens in the game world.
As for me, I have to confess that I am not only a gamer, but also a regular reader. Yes, I like reading very much! Science fiction is my favourite kind of literature because it gives a different view of our reality. It doesn’t present our world as it is but as it could be. I think that science fiction is much deeper than, say, detective stories. The problems science fiction deals with are more global and serious.
If you take a more closer look at reading people, you will notice than they usualy read e-books. There is a number of reasons why many people prefer e-books to paper books. The main reason is that you can download unlimited e-books for free from the Internet. In addition to it, e-books are much comfortable to read. There is a variety of devices that can open e-books: computers, tablets, smartphones.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that modern world is full of exciting things like sports, TV, parties and so on. Nevertheless, books shouldn’t be forgotten.
11 Монолог “School homework”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your school homework. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· how long it takes you to do your homework;
· what subject you usually start with, and why;
· whether schoolchildren should be given more or less homework, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about my school homework.
To begin with, I’d like to say that school homework is an essential part of school education. Almost everyone who goes to school is given hometasks.
As for me, duration of doing my homework depends on many factors. For example, our teachers of Literature and History are in the habit of giving a lot of homework, which involves reading many pages of textbooks, writing synopses, making presentations, and so on. If you are not ready with all this stuff, you get a bad mark. As I don’t want to get bad marks, I have to spend long hours to prepare for the lessons. It may take me 3 or even 4 hours to finish the school homework. But to tell the truth, there are teachers who spare pupils’ time and don’t give much work. They organize their lessons so that there is little left for home.
As to sequence of subjects, I usually start with Literature because this is the most voluminous subject including many works of fiction, critique, philosophy, and the like. I prefer to get rid of the most boring subject in the first place and then start doing something that is more interesting.
I strongly believe that schoolchildren should be given less homework. I don’t understand teachers who give their pupils too much homework and are sure that they do them good. Teachers should know that our brain can effectively process a limited amount of information. The rest of information vanishes into thin air. If you keep trying to remember everything you are given by teachers, you will most likely go crazy.
In conclusion, I’d like to appeal to teachers and make them remember their own school life. Teachers schould never forget that they were pupils in the past and, like today’s young people, had difficulties with the homework.
12 Монолог “TV”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about TV. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· whether watching TV is still a popular pastime with teenagers, and why, or why not;
· how many hours a week you watch TV;
· what you dislike most about TV.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about TV.
To begin with, I’d like to say that TV is one of the greatest enventions of all times. It is impossible to imagine days when people lived without TV.
In my opinion, watching TV is losing its popularity with teenagers. The reason is that teenagers prefer the Internet to TV. Not long ago, TV used to be the main source of information and entertainment. It is no longer the case. Now, if you want to know what is happening in the world, you launch a browser, do some clicks and get innumerable quantity of information. If you want to watch something entertaining, you don’t need TV. There are lots of youtube channels providing clips, shows, interviews with celebrities, and the like. You can start watching a video, pause it for any time and then start again. You can’t do the same trick with television.
As for me, I don’t watch TV very often. I usually do it when new episodes of my favourite serials appear. So, I watch TV approximately 3 of 4 hours a week. Sometimes it happens that there are no new episodes of my favourite serials, so I spend no time at all.
There are a lot of things I dislike about TV. But endless blocks of commercials drive me really crazy! It goes without saying that advertising gives money for producing new content, but there should be some limits to advertising.
In conclusion, I’d like to acknowledge great importance of television, but at the same time, I’d like to state the fact that TV gradually abandons its absolute position making way for the Internet.
13 Монолог “Free time”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your free time. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· whether you have a lot of free time, and why, or why not;
· what you enjoy doing in your free time;
· what your Sunday afternoons are like.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about my free time.
To begin with, I’d like to say that people have to work more and more in the modern world to make a career, earn a living, and become successful. This also holds true for teenagers, because they have to study a lot. So, both adults and teenagers don’t have much free time.
As for me, I don’t have much free time either, because I am faced with a number of important exams this year. As I don’t want to fail them, I make every effort to learn the necessary material. I read a lot of textbooks and additional articles, do innumerable exercises, attend preparation courses, and so on.
In spite of the fact that I have to work a lot, I try to find some time for recreation and fun. Frankly speaking, I enjoy doing many things in my free time. I like to take walks, come to see my friends, watch TV, surf the Internet, and so on. My favourite pastime is going to a swimming pool. I am keen on having a healthy lifestyle, and swimming helps me to keep fit.
As to my Sunday afternoons, I should confess that they are just for doing nothing active. I usually take my tablet, sink into the sofa, and watch videos on youtube or communicate in social nets. Sunday afternoons are the period when I don’t overload myself with activities, because I need to collect my strength for Monday, which is my busiest weekday.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that it is very important to not only have free time but also give it to your hobbies and interests.
14 Монолог “Weather and seasons”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about weather and seasons. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· which of the four seasons you like most, and why;
· how the Earth’s climate has changed recently;
· whether you trust the weather forecast, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about weather and seasons.
To begin with, I’d like to say that there are four seasons in a year: winter, spring, summer, and autumn.
As for me, I like summer most of all, because this is the period when we have vacations. And vacations mean freedom. Absolutely! We have no need to get up early and be in a hurry to leave for school. It is not necessary to spend long hours doing school homework. The only thing we have to do in summer is relaxing to the max. In addition to it, the weather is awesome in summer! As a rule, it is warm and sunny.
By the way, the Earth’s climate has changed recently. If you take a closer look at what’s happening in the world, you see natural phenomena that never took place before. Melting arctic ice is one of numerous examples. It gradually fills the ocean with huge amounts of additional water that makes the water level higher and causes ecological disasters. In addition to it, mass media often give information about disastrous hurricanes and severe droughts that occur in unexpected time and place.
As to the weather forecast, I don’t trust it if it is given for the longer period of time. I don’t believe that man can predict what is going to be in a week or fortnight. Nevertheless, I think that the weather forecast for one or two days is most likely to be correct, and you should trust it.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that weather is an interesting subject, which is worth studying and paying attention to.
15 Монолог “Photography”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about photography. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why people like taking pictures
· why taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past
· what the best photo you have ever taken is
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный
ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about photography.
To begin with, I’d like to say that people have always wanted beautiful moments of life to last forever. Photography helps them to make it happen.
People like taking pictures for a number of reasons. As I have just mentioned, people want to save beautiful moments of life forever. For example, while visiting an exotic country, you see lots of things that don’t exist in your own area. You never see a coconut tree in Siberia and heaps of snow somewhere in the south. Why not to take a picture? In addition to it, people take pictures not only for fun but also for fixing details of an occurrence. It is often the case when pictures help to investigate a crime.
It is really a fact that taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past. The main reason is that taking photos has become much easier today. You just take a smartphone, do a click and that’s it. It has also become easier to share photos with friends. You can upload it
on your profile in a social net and let everyone see it.
As for me, I like taking photos very much. Frankly speaking, I have many good photos, but the best one was taken last year in the Altai Mountains. My friends and I effected an ascent of a mountain and took a picture on the very top of it. The picture is just awesome! When I look at it, I admire wonderful nature and remember my friends.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that taking pictures is a never-ending hobby, which will carry away more and more people.
КЛИШЕ ДЛЯ МОНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЯ
Описание фотографии
1. Передо мной интересная фотография.
2. На ней изображен(а)…………..
3. Давайте рассмотрим изображение внимательнее.
4. Перед нами (школьный двор, зал музея, комната и т.д.). Если это улица, описать погоду – На снимке запечатлен (какой, какое) день, утро….+ подробности (светит яркое солнце, на небе облака и т.д.)
5. На переднем плане мы видим….
6. Они (описать внешний вид, одежду, чем заняты).
7. Их лица (его лицо, ее лицо) … (радостны, печальны, сосредоточенны), потому что …
8. На заднем плане мы видим (назвать, кто, что на дальнем плане)
9. Я думаю (мне кажется), что…. (сделать вывод о том, что на заднем плане или о снимке в целом).
10. Мне понравилась эта фотография, потому что она четко передает чувства и эмоции присутствующих (присутствующего) на ней.
Рассказ на заданную тему
1. Я хочу рассказать об одном интересном событии - ….
2. Туда я отправился вместе с (классом, семьей, друзьями).
3. Наша (поездка, экскурсия, наш поход) состоялся (указать точную или примерную дату).
4. К этому мероприятию мы готовились заранее: … (рассказ о том, как готовились: если музей, экскурсия, то читали об этом, изучали материалы, если поход – собирали вещи, продумывали маршрут).
5. И вот наступил долгожданный день.
6. Во время экскурсии мы побывали … Во время похода мы побывали …..
7. Кроме того, мы увидели ….
8. Самым интересным оказалось (стал, был)…., так как….
9. Мне понравилась эта ….. (понравился этот…), потому что ……
10. Я хочу еще раз принять участие в подобном мероприятии.
Рассуждение на заданную тему
1. Мне предложили порассуждать на интересную тему.
2. (Произнести заданную для монолога тему).
3. Попробую изложить свою точку зрения.
5. Думаю, что …(ответ на первый предложенный вопрос).
6. (Ответ на второй предложенный вопрос), потому что…
7. Я считаю, что (ответ на третий предложенный вопрос), потому что…
9. (Ответ на последний вопрос)
10. Таким образом, (сделать общий вывод).
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Прежде чем перейти к рассмотрению способов совершенствования речевых умений, нам представляется логичным рассмотреть понятие монологического высказывания.
Как указывает Е.И.Пассов, монологическая речь представляет собой одну из форм общения, которая реализуется не только в устной, но и в письменной форме.
Согласно определению Е.И. Пассова, монологическим высказыванием является такой отрезок речи, который находится между двумя соседними высказываниями и обладает определенными параметрами. Это означает, что монологическое высказывание рассматривается как компонент процесса любого уровня - парного, группового, массового и что любое монологическое высказывание диалогично по своей природе, всегда кому-то адресовано, даже если этот адресат - сам говорящий .
Поскольку объектом нашего исследования является процесс обучения монологической речи, целесообразно рассмотреть понятие монологической речи подробнее.
Прежде всего, следует назвать разновидности монолога, которые встречаются в реальном общении. К ним относятся приветственная речь, похвала, порицание, лекция, рассказ, характеристика, описание, обвинительная или оправдательная речь и т.д. .
Важно отметить, что каждый тип монологической речи может реализоваться в зависимости от этапа обучения, ситуации общения, коммуникативной потребности учащихся на уровне предложения, сверхфразового единства, либо развёрнутого высказывания.
Психологическая характеристика монологической речи обусловлена коммуникативной функцией (связное непрерывное изложение мыслей одним лицом). Она отличается относительно непрерывным характером высказывания, то есть процесс порождения речи длится определенное время, не будучи прерванным кем-либо или чем-либо. Данное качество определяет весьма специфическую настроенность говорящего, организацию его высказывания .
Монологической речи свойственна последовательность, логичность. Эти качества проявляются в развитии идеи ключевой фразы в последующих (других). «Развитие идеи» не следует понимать буквально, имеется ввиду ее уточнение, пояснение, обоснование, дополнение, подходы к ней.
Следующей характеристикой монологической речи является относительная смысловая законченность, коммуникативная направленность. Когда мы довольствуемся такими «монологическими» высказываниями, как Я хочу написать письмо. Я иду на почту. Я покупаю конверт, марку и бумагу. Я пишу письмо, заклеиваю конверт и опускаю письмо в ящик, то не мешало бы подумать о том, что подобное хронологическое перечисление действий не может привлечь внимание собеседника. В процессе общения такие высказывания выглядят нелепо.
К характеристикам монологической речи относят тематичность высказывания и синтаксическую усложненность. Монологическое высказывание делается по определенному поводу и имеет тенденцию оставаться в рамках заданной темы .
Е.Н. Соловова, в свою очередь, отмечает такие характеристики монологической речи, как целенаправленность, соответствие речевой задаче, самостоятельность и выразительность .
Действительно, прежде чем начать произносить монолог в реальной жизни, человек хорошо понимает, зачем он это делает, и произносит его только в том случае, если действительно хочет выговориться или считает это необходимым. Цель монолога определяется речевой ситуацией, которая, в свою очередь, определена местом, временем, аудиторией и конкретной речевой задачей.
На уроке все несколько иначе. Ситуацию надо создать, иначе исчезает самая важная характеристика монолога - целенаправленность, которая в значительной степени определяет и все остальное.
Попробуем это доказать. Приведем два примера монологических высказываний и определим, как наличие или отсутствие четко осознаваемой цели может повлиять на реализацию основных характеристик монолога.
В первом случае, ученики прочитали текст и получили задание пересказать его близко к тексту. Цель у такого монолога, безусловно, есть, но она, скорее, связана с желанием получить хорошую оценку. Такой монолог будет формально соответствовать всем основным характеристикам монолога. Однако его вряд ли можно назвать речью по сути, так как реальным автором данного произведения был и остается автор текста. Именно ему принадлежит определение логики высказывания, выбор средств выразительности и т.д. Но это не значит, что такое задание, как подробный пересказ текста, не имеет права на существование на уроке иностранного языка, однако пересказ имеет гораздо большее отношение к отработке лексических, грамматических навыков, к проверке умений читать с полным пониманием прочитанного, чем к формированию собственно речевых навыков. Если говорение относится к продуктивным навыкам речи, то формировать его лишь на основе репродуктивных упражнений было бы, по меньшей мере, неправильно.
Во втором случае, ученики прочитали текст и получили на выбор несколько заданий: рассказать текст от лица одного из героев, дать характеристику одному из героев текста, оправдать/осудить поведение или позицию героев текста, подумать и рассказать, как могло бы измениться действие рассказа в иных обстоятельствах, дать аннотацию текста или коротко изложить его содержание, сравнить поведение разных героев и дать оценку их поведению.
Здесь, какое бы задание не выбрал ученик, это будет не просто механическое заучивание текста, а подлинно самостоятельно речевое высказывание, поскольку цель любого из предложенных монологов не дублирует речевую цель автора текста. Целенаправленность, в свою очередь, определит характер монолога, его логику, структурную организацию, законченность, самостоятельность и выразительность. Учащийся будет создавать (проектировать, продуцировать) свое, неповторимое речевое произведение, основываясь на материале текста, будет учиться интерпретировать и трактовать по-иному факты, слова, поступки и т.д., производить необходимые языковые и речевые трансформации текста .
Следует также назвать разновидности монологической речи. Во-первых, это описание - природы, портрета, человека, здания, квартиры, улицы, города и т.д., которое может быть конкретным и обобщенным; может содержать перечисление признаков и свойств - тогда оно приближается к характеристике. Для описания характерно употребление номинативных и даже эллиптичных предложений.
Во-вторых, это повествование, характеризующееся динамичностью; действительность здесь представлена в процессе изменения и развития как цепочка взаимосвязанных действий и состояний.
Третьей разновидностью монологического высказывания является рассуждение, которое ведется с разными целями: дать обоснование действиям, выявить их причинную связь, согласиться с тезисом (выводом) или обоснованно отвергнуть его.
При этом, каждый из перечисленных типов монологической речи (описание. повествование и рассуждение) в учебном процессе может реализоваться в зависимости от этапа обучения, ситуации общения, коммуникативной потребности учащихся либо на уровне предложения, либо сверхфразового единства, либо развернутого высказывания (текста) .
В ряду функций монологической речи выделяют информативную, воздейственную и оценочную.
Монологическая речь может быть репродуктивной и продуктивной. Репродуктивной речью является воспроизведение заученного материала, механический пересказ прослушанного, прочитанного текста устно или письменно. В репродуктивном говорении уже задано содержание, т.к. сам текст подсказывает языковые средства. К репродуктивным упражнениям относится подробный пересказ текста. В этом случае, воспроизводя текст, учащийся использует лексические и грамматические средства автора, а не собственные. Продуктивная речь, в свою очередь, представляет собой устную или письменную речь, когда источник речи не просто воспроизводит её в готовом виде, а конструирует в поисках лучшего варианта при оформлении своей мысли .
Продуктивной речью является говорение на заданную тему. В продуктивном говорении высказывание учащегося производится самостоятельно, но здесь необходимо помочь сделать его более развернутым, последовательным. Для развития продуктивной речи следует использовать творческие виды заданий: аннотацию, рецензию, характеристику героев, оценку событий .
В обучении монологическому высказыванию выделяют следующие задачи: научить выражать законченную мысль, логически раскрывать её содержание, высказываться с достаточной скоростью.
При выявлении задач на каждом конкретном этапе обучения иностранному языку необходимо установить стадии развития речевых умений, ибо только они позволяют организовать работу над монологическим высказыванием адекватно его качествам. При этом следует учитывать несколько уровней:
1. автоматизированности - проявляется в так называемой автоматической пробежке (отрезке речи, произносимом без вынужденных пауз);
2. самостоятельности говорящего - определяется, в первую очередь, наличием или отсутствием опор, а также их характером;
3. сложности в решении речемыслительной задачи -- зависит от личного опыта и знаний говорящего, связанных с обсуждаемой проблемой;
4. комбинационности материала - определяется широтой охвата проблем и предметов обсуждения .
Далее следует изучить методологические правила построения монолога. На первом этапе вырабатывается умение высказать одну законченную мысль, одно утверждение по теме на уровне одной фразы. Преподаватель называет тему, учащиеся по очереди произносят по одной любой фразе (точнее, предложению, т.к. это не говорение).
Второй этап начинается тогда, когда от учащихся требуется обратить внимание на логическую связь сказанных фраз. Например, высказывание «Наш класс большой. Наш класс чистый» методологически неудачно, так как предложения построены по одной модели (второе предложение не следует из первого), a высказывание «Наш класс большой. В нем четыре окна» более удачно. На этом этапе нужно отучить учащихся произносить бессодержательный набор предложений и учить высказываться логически.
Третий этап характеризуется новыми логическими задачами и обязательным увеличением объема высказывания. Здесь учащийся должен включать элементы рассуждения, аргументации.
На этапе совершенствования навыков следует добиваться высказывания со всеми присущими ему качествами на уровне двух-трех фраз. Такое высказывание можно назвать микровысказыванием (микромонологом). На каждом последующем этапе развития умения следует развивать высказывание большего объема и соответственно лучшего качества .
Таким образом, монологической речью является одна из форм общения, которая реализуется не только в устной, но и в письменной форме. Она представляет собой речь одного лица, выражающего в более или менее развёрнутой форме свои мысли, намерения, оценку событий и т. д.
К качествам монологической речи относятся последовательность, логичность, относительная смысловая законченность, коммуникативная направленность, тематичность высказывания и синтаксическая усложненность. Для реализации всех характеристик монолога необходимо наличие четко осознаваемой цели. Для этого, при работе с текстом на уроке английского языка, учитель предлагает учащимся задания, при выполнении которых осуществляется подлинно самостоятельно речевое высказывание.
Задание
You are going to give a talk about keeping fit. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
· why a healthy lifestyle is more popular nowadays;
· what you do to keep fit;
· what sports activities are popular with teenagers in your region.
Примерный ответ
Well, now I’m going to give a talk about keeping fit and healthy lifestyle.
Healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular nowadays. There is a number of reasons for that but the most important reason is that people live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. Healthy lifestyle helps people do that.
As for me, I try to keep fit in different ways. First of all, I do my morning exercises every day. In addition to it, I go to the swimming pool once or sometimes twice a week. Also, I stay away from bad habits, because I’m convinced that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain.
Well, as to other teenagers of my region, I should say that they are interested in different sports activities. They often play football and other active games on sports grounds, go to gyms and swimming pools. Besides, more and more young men become interested in martial arts, such as karate, boxing, kickboxing, judo and so on.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that healthy lifestyle is a “must” for modern people.
Монолог “My school”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
· what you like most about your school;
· what weekday you find the most difficult, and why;
· what you would like to change in your school life.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
I like my school very much, but it is my classmates that I like best of all. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games and so on.
As for weekdays, I find Monday the most difficult one because we have six lessons on this day, including Mathematics and Physics. Frankly speaking, I’m not good at these subjects, and I don’t enjoy these lessons.
In my opinion, much can be changed and improved in my school. For example, PE lessons. I’d like them to be more diverse. As a rule, we play volleyball and basketball at the lessons, or simply run on the stadium. It would be better if we had a chance to work out with weights and play games that are more interesting .
Задание
(вариант 2)
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what your typical school day is like;
· what your favourite subject is, and why;
· what you like most about your school.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, now I’m going to give a talk about my school.
To begin with, I’d like to say that my shool is one of the biggest schools in my city, where more than one thousand pupils get their education.
As far as my typical school day concerned, I should say it is very busy. It usually starts at 8 o’clock in the morning and comes to an end at 2 or 3 o’clock in the afternoon. Every day we have 6 and sometimes 7 lessons. We also have breaks, but they are not very long.
As I have just mentioned, my typical school day involves a number of lessons. Russian, Literature, and Mathematics are the most frequent ones. As a rule, we do a lot of work at these lessons: learn rules, do exercises and tests, write essays, make reports, and so on.
My favourite subject is English. I have been learning it since the 2nd form and I hope to relate my life to it. Chances are good that I will be an interpreter. If not, I can always go to school and be an English teacher.
I like a lot in my school but it is my classmates that I like most. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games, going to the cinema.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that school education is very important for teenagers and should help them build character and develop mind.
Монолог “The place where I live”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about the place where you live. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what your city, town or village is famous for;
· what your favourite place in your city, town or village is, and why you like it;
· whether you are going to stay in your city, town or village after leaving school or move to another place, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
(на примере г. Кемерово)
Well, I am going to give a talk about my city.
To begin with, I’d like to say that the name of my city is Kemerovo. This is the capital of Kuzbass, the main coal region of Siberia.
In the first place, Kemerovo is famous for its coal producers and chemical industry. Coal mined here is consumed in this country and exported abroad. In addition to coal, different chemicals are produced here. The products of a gigantic plant Azot are in great demand all over the country.
As to me, I like my city very much, because it has lots of beautiful places where you can rest and relax. The embankment of the river Tom is my favourite place in Kemerovo. Here you can sit quietly on the banks and admire wonderful nature. The embankment is also a good place where you can walk alone or with your friends.
Frankly speaking, I haven’t yet decided what to do after leaving school. It depends on many factors. More likely than not, I will stay in my city, because I have all the opportunities to get good education here. I just have no reason of moving to another region. But as the saying is, time will tell.
In conclusion, I’d like to invite everyone to visit Kemerovo and enjoy this city.
Монолог “Foreign languages”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about foreign languages. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why lots of people learn foreign languages nowadays;
· why you have chosen to do the English exam this year;
· what you did to prepare for your English exam.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
To begin with, I’d like to say that more and more people learn foreign languages nowadays. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people want to understand citizens of other countries and to be understood by them. In addition to it, travelling has become easier, and the Russians have a variety of opportunities for going abroad. If you are fluent in a foreign language, you feel more confident.
It goes without saying that English is established as the most important and popular language. As for me, I have been learning English for 5 years. And this year I have chosen to do the English exam. I regard this exam as a chance to test my language skills. I have always wanted to know my real speaking skills and find out my strengths and weaknesses.
I did much work to prepare for my English exam. First of all, I revised grammar. I learned a lot of rules and consolidated them in doing exercises. In addition to it, I read texts of various genres to enlarge my vocabulary. I also listened to a number of radio programmes and podcasts to make my listening better. And I also made efforts to improve my speaking. I used every chance to speak English at the lessons and at home.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that English is in great demand these days, so I recommend everybody to start learning it as soon as possible and commit to it.
Монолог “Pets”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about pets. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why people keep pets;
· what pets are most popular in big cities;
· whether having pets is a big responsibility, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about pets.
To begin with, I’d like to say that nowadays more and more people keep pets in their houses: cats, dogs, parrots, hamsters, guinea pigs, and so on. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people seek to make friends, and pets are a kind of friends they can make fast and easily. Besides, pets give positive emotions, that’s why people like to keep them. If you are under stress, you can just stroke your cat and feel somewhat relieved.
As to the most popular pets in big cities, I should say it depends. If you live in a big city, a cat or a small dog would be the best option. Firstly, they don’t need extensive space to live on. Secondly, you don’t have to spend a lot of money on buying pet food. If you live in the country, you can choose whatever you want. There is always plenty of room and food for any pet here.
Anyway, having pets is a big responsibility. Pets are animate objects, and if you don’t take good care of them, they may fall sick and even die.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that pets play an important part in our life and we should be aware of both pluses and minuses of keeping them.
Монолог “The Internet”
Задание
Remember to say:
· why today’s teenagers use the Internet so much;
· how the Internet makes long-distance communication easier;
· what dangers teenagers can face when they use the Internet.
You have to talk continuously.
Задание
(вариант 2)
You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why using the Internet is so popular;
· how the Internet can help students in their studies;
· whether the Internet can be dangerous, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
To begin with, I’d like to say that we live in the world of modern technologies. We are surrounded by lots of sophisticated gadgets: smartphones, iPhones, notebooks, netbooks, laptops. They are very useful because they have practically unlimited functionality. But it is the connection to the Internet that makes them useful to the max.
Today the Internet is exceedingly popular and used very much, especially by teenagers. They do it for a number of reasons. Firsty, they create their profiles on different social nets such as vkontakte, odnoklassniki, facebook, instagram and others. Young people like communicating with each other, and the social nets give them this opportunity. Secondly, the Internet is a depot of innumerable information, so teenagers use the internet as a source of answers for various questions. So, the Internet helps students in their studies. Whether they need to make a report or prepare for a test, they launch a browser, type in the request and get lots of pages according to the request.
Besides, the Internet makes long-distance communication easier. There are special programs for communcation of this kind. One of them is Skype, which is sure to be the most popular programm. You can see and hear the person whom you are talking to.
Frankly speaking, the Internet is not as safe as you wish it were. Firstly, the spread of information is uncontrolled on the Internet, so teenagers often run into dangerous pages containing information about selling drugs or committing a suicide. I strongly believe that this information must be banned.
In conlcusion I’d like to say that if you follow the safety rules when using the Internet you are not endangered, and you can use the Internet to your advantage as much as possible.
Монолог “Holidays”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about holidays. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what holidays are most popular in your country;
· what your favourite holiday is and how you celebrate it;
· if you prefer to give presents or to get presents, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Задание
(вариант 2)
You are going to give a talk about public holidays in Russia. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what public holidays are celebrated in Russia;
· what your favourite public holiday is, and why you like it;
· how your favourite public holiday is celebrated in your city, town or village.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, now I’m going to talk about holidays.
To begin with, holidays play an important part in our life. Holidays give us an opportunity to rest and relax, they also improve our mood and make us happier.
Our country has a number of (public) holidays. The most popular are New Year, the 8th of March (the women’s day), Spring and Labour Day, Victory Day, Russia Day, and others. All these holidays are very important for every citizen of the Russian Federation.
My favorite (public) holiday is New Year because this is a special occasion. It is not only an opportunity to relax but also to think about how you lived the past year and make plans for the next one. In addition to it, New Year is a reunion for the whole family of ours, so we always look forward to it.
My family established its own way of celebrating New Year. In the evening we visit our best friends who live next door and have some time together. Then, at midnight, we come back home and have our celebratory meal. We usually watch TV shows, listen to music, fool around, and, of course, give each other presents.
As for me, I like both giving presents and getting them. Both actions are very enjoying. But honestly speaking, I like getting presents more because now I don’t have enough money for giving them.
Staying at home with your family is not the only way to celebrate New Year. You can visit city celebrations which include fairs, contests, concerts, and fireworks. The culmination of the New Year celebration in our city is setting up fireworks. It is just awesome!
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasise the fact that every holiday is a great time, and I wish there were as many holidays as possible.
Монолог “Travelling”
Задание
Remember to say:
· why most people like travelling;
· which season is the best for travelling in your opinion;
· what means of transport is the best, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Задание
(вариант 2)
You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why most people enjoy travelling;
· what people like doing while travelling;
· what place you would like to go to, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Nowadays, people have a great variety to rest and relax: going to the cinema, playing sports, and so on. But the most popular option remains travelling.
People like travelling for a number of reasons. Firstly, travelling is a good way to focus away from work and study and, so to say, to recharge batteries. I mean people can replenish their inner supplies of energy and refresh emotions. Secondly, travelling is a good way to broaden the mind and gain knowledge. If you go to a foreign country, you can learn its customs and traditions, see the sights, make friends with local citizens.
While travelling, people like to do different things. It depends upon the place and purpose of your visit. If you travel to a resort town, you usually swim in the sea and bake in the sun. If you travel on business, you’re supposed to establish contacts, carry on talks, making contracts, and so on. If you travel for educational reasons, you attend lessons, go on excursions, gain knowledge and develop your skills.
In my opinion, summer is the best season for travelling. Most adults are on leave in this period and children have holidays, that’s why summer is the optimal time when you can start on a journey.
As to means of transport, each one has its pluses and minuses. If you travel by train, you can admire beautiful landscapes and you feel safe. But it takes more time to get to the destination. Travelling by plane saves time but deprives you the chance to enjoy the nature outside, and what is more, fills you with misgivings about the flight.
As to me, I have already travelled to many places, but my dream is to visit Tokyo. This is the place I would like to go to because it is one of the world leaders in business, culture, science and technology. Besides, I plan to learn Japanese in the future, so, visiting Japan can help me to do that.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that travelling plays an important part in our life and everybody should travel as much as possible.
Монолог “Career plans”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your career plans. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· what job you want to do in the future;
· what two subjects you think are the most important for your future job, and why;
· whether your family approve of your career choice or not.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
All people have to work in order to make a living. It is very important that a person has a job according to his or her abilities and wishes.
As for me, I’d like to be an interpreter in the future. I like foreign languages very much, and, frankly speaking, I’m very good at them. Nowadays, I do my best to learn English and Spanish because they are the languages that are widely spoken and popular with lots of people.
I think that English and Geography are the most important subjects for my future job. They are two subjects that help me learn much about other countries, their customs and traditions. English and Geography also help me understand native people of other countries, respect their culture and communicate with them in the most effective way.
All the members of my family approve my career choice because they strongly believe that interpreting is an exciting and well-paid job. Frankly speaking, my family just want me to be happy and they support any decision of mine.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that every teenager shouldn’t procrastinate in deciding about his or her job because a successful career requires much time and efforts.
Монолог “Books”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· whether reading is still popular with teenagers, and why, or why not;
· what kind of books you like reading;
· why many people prefer e-books to paper books.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about books.
To begin with, I’d like to say that there are a lot of ways to spend free time: doing sports, watching TV, going to the cinema, playing games, and so on. And, of course, you can just read a book.
Frankly speaking, reading books is losing its popularity with teenagers making way for more exciting activities, such as watching blockbusters in 3-D, playing computer games, social networking, arranging parties. If a teenager has to choose between reading a book and playing a brand new computer game, he or she will definitely show preference for the game. Modern games excel books in all aspects. Firstly, modern games make a tremendous visual impact. The game world looks extremely realistic. Secondly, when playing a game, you are not an outsider. You are an active insider participating in everything that happens in the game world.
As for me, I have to confess that I am not only a gamer, but also a regular reader. Yes, I like reading very much! Science fiction is my favourite kind of literature because it gives a different view of our reality. It doesn’t present our world as it is but as it could be. I think that science fiction is much deeper than, say, detective stories. The problems science fiction deals with are more global and serious.
If you take a closer look at reading people, you will notice that they usually read e-books. There is a number of reasons why many people prefer e-books to paper books. The main reason is that you can download unlimited e-books for free from the Internet. In addition to it, e-books are more comfortable to read. There is a variety of devices that can store e-books: computers, tablets, smartphones.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that modern world is full of exciting things like sports, TV, parties and so on. Nevertheless, books shouldn’t be forgotten.
Монолог “School homework”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your school homework. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· how long it takes you to do your homework;
· what subject you usually start with, and why;
· whether schoolchildren should be given more or less homework, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about my school homework.
To begin with, I’d like to say that school homework is an essential part of school education. Almost everyone who goes to school is given hometasks.
As for me, duration of doing my homework depends on many factors. For example, our teachers of Literature and History are in the habit of giving a lot of homework, which involves reading many pages of textbooks, writing synopses, making presentations, and so on. If you are not ready with all this stuff, you get a bad mark. As I don’t want to get bad marks, I have to spend long hours to prepare for the lessons. It may take me 3 or even 4 hours to finish the school homework. But to tell the truth, there are teachers who spare pupils’ time and don’t give much work. They organize their lessons so that there is little left for home.
As to sequence of subjects, I usually start with Literature because this is the most voluminous subject including many works of fiction, critique, philosophy, and the like. I prefer to get rid of the most boring subject in the first place and then start doing something that is more interesting.
I strongly believe that schoolchildren should be given less homework. I don’t understand teachers who give their pupils too much homework and are sure that they do them good. Teachers should know that our brain can effectively process a limited amount of information. The rest of information vanishes into thin air. If you keep trying to remember everything you are given by teachers, you will most likely go crazy.
In conclusion, I’d like to appeal to teachers and make them remember their own school life. Teachers should never forget that they were pupils in the past and, like today’s young people, had difficulties with the homework.
Монолог “TV”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about TV. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· whether watching TV is still a popular pastime with teenagers, and why, or why not;
· how many hours a week you watch TV;
· what you dislike most about TV.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about TV.
To begin with, I’d like to say that TV is one of the greatest inventions of all times. It is impossible to imagine days when people lived without TV.
In my opinion, watching TV is losing its popularity with teenagers. The reason is that teenagers prefer the Internet to TV. Not long ago, TV used to be the main source of information and entertainment. It is no longer the case. Now, if you want to know what is happening in the world, you launch a browser, do some clicks and get innumerable quantity of information. If you want to watch something entertaining, you don’t need TV. There are lots of youtube channels providing clips, shows, interviews with celebrities, and the like. You can start watching a video, pause it for any time and then start again. You can’t do the same trick with television.
As for me, I don’t watch TV very often. I usually do it when new episodes of my favourite serials appear. So, I watch TV approximately 3 of 4 hours a week. Sometimes it happens that there are no new episodes of my favourite serials, so I spend no time at all.
There are a lot of things I dislike about TV. But endless blocks of commercials drive me really crazy! It goes without saying that advertising gives money for producing new content, but there should be some limits to advertising.
In conclusion, I’d like to acknowledge great importance of television, but at the same time, I’d like to state the fact that TV gradually abandons its absolute position making way for the Internet.
Монолог “Free time”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about your free time. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· whether you have a lot of free time, and why, or why not;
· what you enjoy doing in your free time;
· what your Sunday afternoons are like.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about my free time.
To begin with, I’d like to say that people have to work more and more in the modern world to make a career, earn a living, and become successful. This also holds true for teenagers, because they have to study a lot. So, both adults and teenagers don’t have much free time.
As for me, I don’t have much free time either, because I am faced with a number of important exams this year. As I don’t want to fail them, I make every effort to learn the necessary material. I read a lot of textbooks and additional articles, do innumerable exercises, attend preparation courses, and so on.
In spite of the fact that I have to work a lot, I try to find some time for recreation and fun. Frankly speaking, I enjoy doing many things in my free time. I like to take walks, come to see my friends, watch TV, surf the Internet, and so on. My favourite pastime is going to a swimming pool. I am keen on having a healthy lifestyle, and swimming helps me to keep fit.
As to my Sunday afternoons, I should confess that they are just for doing nothing active. I usually take my tablet, sink into the sofa, and watch videos on youtube or communicate in social nets. Sunday afternoons are the period when I don’t overload myself with activities, because I need to collect my strength for Monday, which is my busiest weekday.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that it is very important to not only have free time but also give it to your hobbies and interests.
Монолог “Weather and seasons”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about weather and seasons. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· which of the four seasons you like most, and why;
· how the Earth’s climate has changed recently;
· whether you trust the weather forecast, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about weather and seasons.
To begin with, I’d like to say that there are four seasons in a year: winter, spring, summer, and autumn.
As for me, I like summer most of all, because this is the period when we have vacations. And vacations mean freedom. Absolutely! We have no need to get up early and be in a hurry to leave for school. It is not necessary to spend long hours doing school homework. The only thing we have to do in summer is relaxing to the max. In addition to it, the weather is awesome in summer! As a rule, it is warm and sunny.
By the way, the Earth’s climate has changed recently. If you take a closer look at what’s happening in the world, you see natural phenomena that never took place before. Melting arctic ice is one of numerous examples. It gradually fills the ocean with huge amounts of additional water that makes the water level higher and causes ecological disasters. In addition to it, mass media often give information about disastrous hurricanes and severe droughts that occur in unexpected time and place.
As to the weather forecast, I don’t trust it if it is given for the longer period of time. I don’t believe that man can predict what is going to be in a week or fortnight. Nevertheless, I think that the weather forecast for one or two days is most likely to be correct, and you should trust it.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that weather is an interesting subject, which is worth studying and paying attention to.
Монолог “Photography”
Задание
You are going to give a talk about photography. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
· why people like taking pictures
· why taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past
· what the best photo you have ever taken is
You have to talk continuously.
Примерный ответ
Well, I am going to give a talk about photography.
To begin with, I’d like to say that people have always wanted beautiful moments of life to last forever. Photography helps them to make it happen.
People like taking pictures for a number of reasons. As I have just mentioned, people want to save beautiful moments of life forever. For example, while visiting an exotic country, you see lots of things that don’t exist in your own area. You never see a coconut tree in Siberia and heaps of snow somewhere in the south. Why not to take a picture? In addition to it, people take pictures not only for fun but also for fixing details of an occurrence. It is often the case when pictures help to investigate a crime.
It is really a fact that taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past. The main reason is that taking photos has become much easier today. You just take a smartphone, do a click and that’s it. It has also become easier to share photos with friends. You can upload it
on your profile in a social net and let everyone see it.
As for me, I like taking photos very much. Frankly speaking, I have many good photos, but the best one was taken last year in the Altai Mountains. My friends and I effected an ascent of a mountain and took a picture on the very top of it. The picture is just awesome! When I look at it, I admire wonderful nature and remember my friends.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that taking pictures is a never-ending hobby, which will carry away more and more people.
Вопервых монологическая речь представляет собой процесс целенаправленного сообщения сознательного обращения к слушателю и характерна прежде всего для устной формы книжной речи: устная научная речь например учебная лекция или доклад судебная речь и получившая в последнее время широкое распространение устная публичная речь. Наиболее полное развитие монолог получил в художественной речи. Монолог может быть как неподготовленным спонтанным что характерно прежде всего для сферы разговорной речи так и подготовленным заранее...
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