Russian military aviation. Field airfield Promising directions for the development of military aviation

26.10.2019

Despite all the romanticism of professions, the work of pilots and stewardesses flying from one country to another is not always beautiful views of the sky, but also hard work. Therefore, even for those who work high above the clouds, comfortable conditions for relaxation are needed. TravelAskу decided to tell you about the life of the crew on board the aircraft.

The most difficult in the work of pilots and stewardesses are non-stop flights, and this is over 15,000 kilometers of distance and more than 18 hours in the air. Few planes are capable of covering such huge distances, so the Boeing 777 and Airbus A340 are responsible for most of the transoceanic destinations.

However, such long flights require solid endurance not only from the equipment, but also from the crew itself. Their work is connected with great responsibility and making important decisions, they should always be calm and cheerful. A separate menu is provided for pilots, so that in the event of food poisoning from one, the other could take control. And of course, the main factor that allows staff to withstand the stress of long-distance flights will be healthy sleep.

There is always one pilot in the cockpit, and a flight attendant in the cabin. At the same time, during the entire flight, both pilots and flight attendants are entitled to up to 5 hours of rest. To make the rest as efficient as possible, airlines try to create all the necessary conditions. Although the crew will not be able to stand up to their full height, but you can stretch out on a soft bed and have a sweet sleep. Depending on the aircraft, the lounge is located under the passenger cabin, above it or in it. Despite the fact that the main goal of all airlines is to create the largest number of seats for passengers, the crew does not have to huddle in cramped quarters either.

For example, on board the Boeing 787, the stewardess lounge is located above the passenger cabin and is equipped with 5 berths. It is called CRC (Crew Rest Compartments).

When creating the project, it all seemed cozier and more colorful.

However, such an arrangement of a place to rest pleases passengers with the spectacular appearance of stewardesses after a rest.

For pilots, similar apartments have been created here.

But in the Airbus A350, the lounges were located under the passenger compartment, but in the latest models, they were moved to the upper part to increase the luggage compartment space.

For pilots, the room provides not only sleeping places, but also sitting ones.

The huge size of the Airbus A380 aircraft, designed for 853 passengers, more sleeping places are already required. The designers decided to use the height of the liner as rationally as possible, so they placed 12 beds, 3 one above the other. It may not be as comfortable as on the Boeing 787, but it gives you the opportunity to stand to your full height.

"Apartments" for pilots in the Airbus A380 are much more convenient - these are single rooms.

The sleeping area of the Boeing 777-200LR is provided for 8 employees. The plane flies on such routes as Johannesburg-, distance - 13,582 kilometers, - Los Angeles, distance - 13,420 kilometers.

The video will tell you more about this airliner.

However, unfortunately, the rest rooms for the crew of transoceanic aircraft are not always so comfortable, there are also such:

The military-industrial complex of Russia is one of the most modern in the world, so the Russian military aviation is also one of the most modern on the planet.

The Russian military-industrial complex is capable of producing almost any type of modern military aircraft, including fifth-generation fighters.

Russian military aviation consists of:

Bombers of Russia
Russian fighters
Stormtroopers of Russia
AWACS aircraft of Russia
Flying tankers (refuelers) of Russia
Military transport aircraft of Russia
Russian military transport helicopters
Russian attack helicopters

The main manufacturers of military aircraft in Russia are PJSC Sukhoi Company, JSC RAC MiG, the Moscow Helicopter Plant named after M. L. Mil, OJSC Kamov and others.

You can see photos and descriptions of the products of some companies at the links:

Let's look at each class of military aircraft with descriptions and photographs.

Bombers of Russia

Wikipedia will explain what a bomber is to us very accurately: A bomber is a military aircraft designed to destroy ground, underground, surface, underwater objects with bomb and / or missile weapons. .

Russian long-range bombers

Long-range bombers in Russia are developed and produced by the Tupolev Design Bureau.

Long-range bomber Tu-160

The Tu-160, unofficially called the White Swan, is the fastest and heaviest long-range bomber in the world. Tu-160 "White Swan" is capable of developing supersonic speed, not every fighter is able to keep up with him.

Long-range bomber Tu-95

Tu-95 is a veteran of Russian long-range aviation. Developed back in 1955, having gone through many upgrades, the Tu-95 is still Russia's main long-range bomber.

Long-range bomber Tu-22M

Tu-22M is another long-range bomber of the Russian Aerospace Forces. It has variable sweep wings, like the Tu-160, but its dimensions are smaller.

Front-line bombers of Russia

Front-line bombers in Russia are developed and produced by PJSC Sukhoi Company.

Front-line bomber Su-34

The Su-34 is a 4++ generation combat aircraft, a fighter-bomber, although it would be more accurate to call it a front-line bomber.

Front-line bomber Su-24

Su-24 is a front-line bomber, the development of which began in the USSR in the early 60s of the last century. Currently, he is being replaced by the Su-34.

Russian fighters

Fighters in Russia are developed and manufactured by two companies: PJSC Sukhoi Company and JSC RAC MiG.

Su Fighters

PJSC "Company" Sukhoi "delivers to the troops such modern combat vehicles as the fifth generation fighter Su-50 (PAK FA), Su-35, front-line bomber Su-34, carrier-based fighter Su-33, Su-30, heavy fighter Su- 27, Su-25 attack aircraft, Su-24M3 front-line bomber.

Fighter of the fifth generation PAK FA (T-50)

PAK FA (T-50 or Su-50) is a fifth-generation fighter developed by Sukhoi Company PJSC for the Russian Aerospace Forces since 2002. As of the end of 2016, tests are being completed and the aircraft is being prepared for transfer to regular units.

Photo by PAK FA (T-50).

Su-35 is a 4++ generation fighter.

Photo Su-35.

Su-33 carrier-based fighter

Su-33 is a 4++ generation carrier-based fighter. Several of these aircraft are in service with the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov.

Fighter Su-27

Su-27 is the main combat fighter of the Russian Aerospace Forces. Based on it, the Su-34, Su-35, Su-33 and several other fighters were developed.

Su-27 in flight

MiG fighters

JSC "RSK" MiG "" today supplies the troops with the MiG-31 fighter-interceptor and the MiG-29 fighter.

Fighter-interceptor MiG-31

The MiG-31 is a fighter-interceptor designed to perform tasks at any time of the day and in any weather. The MiG-31 is a very fast aircraft.

Fighter MiG-29

MiG-29 - is one of the main combat fighters of the Russian Aerospace Forces. There is a deck version - MiG-29K.

Stormtroopers

The only attack aircraft in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces is the Su-25 attack aircraft.

Attack aircraft Su-25

Su-25 - armored subsonic attack aircraft. The machine made its first flight in 1975 since then, having undergone many upgrades, it has been reliably fulfilling its tasks.

Russian military helicopters

Helicopters for the army are produced by the Moscow Helicopter Plant named after M.L. Mil and OJSC Kamov.

Kamov helicopters

JSC "Kamov" specializes in the production of coaxial helicopters.

Helicopter Ka-52

The Ka-52 "Alligator" is a two-seat helicopter capable of performing both attack and reconnaissance functions.

Deck helicopter Ka-31

The Ka-31 is a carrier-based helicopter equipped with a long-range radio detection and guidance system, which is in service with the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier.

Deck helicopter Ka-27

Ka-27 is a multi-purpose carrier-based helicopter. The main modifications are anti-submarine and rescue.

Photo Ka-27PL Russian Navy

Mil helicopters

Mi helicopters are being developed by the Moscow Mil Helicopter Plant.

Mi-28 helicopter

The Mi-28 is a Soviet-designed attack helicopter used by the Russian army.

Mi-24 helicopter

Mi-24 is a world-famous attack helicopter, created in the 1970s in the USSR.

Mi-26 helicopter

The Mi-24 is a heavy transport helicopter, also developed back in Soviet times. At the moment it is the largest helicopter in the world.

The latest best military aircraft of the Air Force of Russia and the world photos, pictures, videos about the value of a fighter aircraft as a combat weapon capable of providing "air supremacy" was recognized by the military circles of all states by the spring of 1916. This required the creation of a special combat aircraft that surpasses all others in terms of speed, maneuverability, altitude and the use of offensive small arms. In November 1915, Nieuport II Webe biplanes arrived at the front. This is the first aircraft built in France, which was intended for air combat.

The most modern domestic military aircraft in Russia and the world owe their appearance to the popularization and development of aviation in Russia, which was facilitated by the flights of Russian pilots M. Efimov, N. Popov, G. Alekhnovich, A. Shiukov, B. Rossiysky, S. Utochkin. The first domestic machines of designers J. Gakkel, I. Sikorsky, D. Grigorovich, V. Slesarev, I. Steglau began to appear. In 1913, the heavy aircraft "Russian Knight" made its first flight. But one cannot fail to recall the first aircraft creator in the world - Captain 1st Rank Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky.

Soviet military aircraft of the USSR of the Great Patriotic War sought to hit the enemy troops, his communications and other objects in the rear with air strikes, which led to the creation of bomber aircraft capable of carrying a large bomb load over considerable distances. The variety of combat missions for bombing enemy forces in the tactical and operational depth of the fronts led to the understanding of the fact that their performance should be commensurate with the tactical and technical capabilities of a particular aircraft. Therefore, the design teams had to resolve the issue of specialization of bomber aircraft, which led to the emergence of several classes of these machines.

Types and classification, the latest models of military aircraft in Russia and the world. It was obvious that it would take time to create a specialized fighter aircraft, so the first step in this direction was to try to equip existing aircraft with small arms offensive weapons. Mobile machine-gun mounts, which began to equip the aircraft, required excessive efforts from the pilots, since the control of the machine in a maneuverable battle and the simultaneous firing of an unstable weapon reduced the effectiveness of firing. The use of a two-seat aircraft as a fighter, where one of the crew members played the role of a gunner, also created certain problems, because an increase in the weight and drag of the machine led to a decrease in its flight qualities.

What are the planes. In our years, aviation has made a big qualitative leap, expressed in a significant increase in flight speed. This was facilitated by progress in the field of aerodynamics, the creation of new more powerful engines, structural materials, and electronic equipment. computerization of calculation methods, etc. Supersonic speeds have become the main modes of fighter flight. However, the race for speed also had its negative sides - the takeoff and landing characteristics and the maneuverability of aircraft deteriorated sharply. During these years, the level of aircraft construction reached such a level that it was possible to start creating aircraft with a variable sweep wing.

In order to further increase the flight speeds of jet fighters exceeding the speed of sound, Russian combat aircraft required an increase in their power-to-weight ratio, an increase in the specific characteristics of turbojet engines, and also an improvement in the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft. For this purpose, engines with an axial compressor were developed, which had smaller frontal dimensions, higher efficiency and better weight characteristics. For a significant increase in thrust, and hence the flight speed, afterburners were introduced into the engine design. The improvement of the aerodynamic forms of the aircraft consisted in the use of wings and empennage with large sweep angles (in the transition to thin delta wings), as well as supersonic air intakes.

The aviation industry is developing every year. Today, civil and military pilots use models of liners of all kinds of configurations and varieties. Aircraft amaze with variety and variations of purpose. Let's briefly study the types of aircraft and their names in order to classify this type of equipment for ourselves.

In the world, there are several separate criteria by which aviation experts classify various aircraft. One of the important aspects of the systematization of technology is the function that the aircraft carries. Today, military and civilian vessels are used. Moreover, each category is divided into special groups.

In addition, it is also known separation according to the speed characteristics of the liner. Here aviators list groups of subsonic, transonic, supersonic and hypersonic models. This section of the classification is based on the definition of the acceleration of the liner relative to the speed of sound. Air technology, which is today used for scientific and military purposes, although previously similar models also worked for passenger transportation.

If we talk about the method of control, then it will be possible to distinguish two main types - manned aircraft and drones. The second group has been used by the military and scientists. Such machines are widely used for space exploration.

Considering the types and purpose of aircraft, aviators will name and classification according to the design features of the device. Here we list the differences in the aerodynamic model, the number and type of wing, the shape of the tail unit, and the fuselage device. The last subgroup also includes varieties that relate to the types and mounting of the chassis.

Finally, consider and differences in the type, number and method of installing engines. Muscular, steam, air-jet, rocket, nuclear, electric motors are distinguished here. In addition, ships are equipped with internal combustion engines (piston modifications of power plants) or combine several variations. Of course, in one review it is difficult to consider in detail the complete classification of aircraft, so we will focus on a brief description of the main categories.

Functionality of technology

As stated above, airliners are divided into two main groups: aircraft for civil and military aviation. In addition, experimental devices are distinguished here as a separate variety. Each category here involves a division into variations according to the type of purpose and functionality of the liner. Let's start with the study of aircraft that are used for "peaceful" purposes.

Civil side

We will determine in more detail what aircraft are, the names and subspecies of aircraft modifications. Here aviators talk about four variants of models. Let's list the categories as follows:

passenger liners;
cargo boards;
training airbuses;
special purpose aircraft.

Note that modifications for passenger transportation are separately divided into groups that determine the range of flights. Here they call main ships and airliners of local transportation.

Aircraft classification

close ones, which cover distances up to 2,000 km;
medium, capable of flying 4,000 km;
long-range, operating flights at a distance of up to 11,000 km.

In addition, the maximum capacity indicator determines the following criteria for airliners of local lines:

heavy aircraft with 100 or more seats;
medium modifications that take up to 50 people on board;
light liners carrying a maximum of 20 passengers.

Examples local line aircraft list the modifications SAAB , ERJ , Dash-8 , ATR . Interestingly, on certain types of liners of the local category, power plants of different classes are equipped. Here there are models with jet engines and aircraft with turboprop engine types.

Considering long-haul aircraft, let's call ships familiar to passengers Boeing and Airbus . Boeing planes are designed by an American corporation, and Airbus ships are designed by a European holding. Both companies compete with each other, constantly developing and modernizing the liners. So, today the Airbus A380 is considered the heaviest aircraft, although until the release of such a modification, American developments and 747 800 .

Model 747s are the first wide-body class aircraft that are still in service today. In addition, such aircraft are used by the best carriers in Russia and the world.

However, the Europeans do not lag behind the main competitor. The popularity and recognition of pilots won modifications , Airbus A300 and A350XWB. Model A300- the world's first wide-body aircraft, which is equipped with two engines. As you can see, the possible variations in the classification of liners defy description in one review. But knowing what planes are and who created them, the reader will decide on personal preferences and find out the basics of aviation.

Military aviation

Now let's briefly study the typology of the courts used by law enforcement agencies. Among these aircraft, there are manned airliners and drones, modifications with various types of engines, including rocket subtypes of the engine. However, we will consider the division of these species according to profile criteria.

Military transport aircraft Il-76

Here, as in the civil classification, there is transport liners transporting personnel. This is IL-76,An-12, 26 and 124 . In the USA, these functions are carried by models Boeing C-17, 97 and Douglas YC-15. In addition, the military also uses auxiliary equipment- ambulance aircraft, liners for communication, spotters. However, the military development of the boards also uses several categories of vehicles that are found only here. Their list looks like this:

As you can see, the category of military aircraft is quite extensive and deserves serious study. We have only briefly described the main criteria for systematizing such a group. However, aeronautical experts prefer to classify the sides using a comprehensive study that includes a full description of the design of the sides. Let's dwell on this issue.

About design features

Belonging to a particular category of the liner is determined by five features. Here, the designers talk about the number and method of attaching the wings, the type of fuselage, the location of the plumage and the type of chassis. In addition, the number, place of fixation and types of motor are important. Find out the known variations in the design of the sides.

Differences in design features - an important criterion for the systematization of airliners

If we consider the classification of the wing, then the liners are divided into polyplanes, biplanes and monoplanes. Moreover, in the last category, three more subspecies are distinguished: low-plan, medium-plan and high-plan sides. This criterion determines the relative position and fixation of the fuselage and wings. As for the fuselage typology, here aviators distinguish between single-body and two-beam modifications. There are also such varieties here: gondola, boat, carrying fuselage and combinations of these types.

Aerodynamic performance is an important classification criterion, since they affect. Here the designers call the types of normal circuit, "duck", "tailless" and "flying wing". In addition, a "tandem", "longitudinal triplane" and a convertible scheme are known.

The landing gear of airliners is systematized according to the design and method of fixing the supports. These elements are divided into roller, float, caterpillar, combined types and air-supported chassis. Engines are equipped on the wing or in the fuselage. Moreover, the liners are equipped with one engine or a large number of engines. In addition, the type of power plant also plays a decisive role in the systematization of the aircraft class.

Unmanned aerial vehicles have found application in the scientific and military spheres

Modern aviation has several types of liners, which are classified according to various criteria.
According to their purpose, aircraft are divided into civil, military and experimental aircraft.
Aircraft classification
Airbus A380 - a giant in the world of passenger liners
Boeing aircraft is the main competitor in the field of passenger transportation of the European holding that produces Airbuses

After all, they also need to sleep and rest during 18-hour flights. Passengers are not allowed there, and many do not even suspect the existence of such secret cabins. But now we have the opportunity to look into it.