Presentation of reserves and national parks of Africa. Reserves and national parks africa national park. Presentation on the topic

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A national park is an area where human activities are restricted for the purpose of protecting the environment. Unlike nature reserves, where human activity is almost completely prohibited (hunting, tourism, etc. are prohibited), tourists are allowed into the territory of national parks, economic activity is allowed on a limited scale. In the first half of the last century, in the 20-30s In East Africa, the first territories appeared that became protected and protected states. In the middle of the 20th century, there were much more such parks, including the most famous national parks of Tanzania and Kenya. From the very beginning, the management of parks and reserves encouraged tourists to visit protected areas in every possible way, trying to attract as much attention as possible to people, educating them in love and respect for nature. But you should not imagine that the national parks and reserves of East Africa are zoos or menageries that are large in their territory, where there are no cages. In a menagerie or a zoo, animals are completely dependent on a person, there is captivity for animals. In National Parks, the opposite is true. Nature and its rules reign here. The beast is the master here, he can be hospitable or suspicious and incredulous. Therefore, when going on a safari to the national park, remember that you are a guest here! And behave respectfully towards the owners.

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Forming the border with Eastern Lesotho, the Dragon Mountains (the highest point is Mount Tkabana-Ntlenyana, 3482 m) are a colossal basalt wall with a length of about 250 km, which is a wonderful area for outdoor activities and simply a stunningly beautiful place. Most of the mountainous areas are occupied by national parks, of which the Royal Natal National Park is considered the most spectacular. The southern border of the park is formed by the so-called "Amphitheater" - stretching for 8 km. cliff, which has an absolutely fantastic view. Nearby is the famous Tugela waterfall (948 m) of five cascades. Lake Santa Lucia and its surrounding areas (275 thousand hectares) are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and Lake Sibaya is considered the largest natural freshwater lake in South Africa (area 77 sq. km.). At the same time, there are many nature reserves in the vicinity - Loteni, Himeville, Swamp, Giant Castle, Itala, Valley, Ndumo, Mkuzi, Wilderness, Royal National Park, etc. In the eastern part of the country, not far from the borders of Swaziland, stretch for many kilometers the beautiful reserves of Umfolozi (more than 50 thousand hectares) and Hluhluwe.

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In Amlanga Rocks (one of the most fashionable resorts in South Africa), there is the Institute for the Study of Sharks and the Howan Reserve Forest, and the Umgeni River Bird Park is considered one of the best in the world. The North Western Province is famous for its excellent natural conditions for outdoor activities and rich wildlife, as well as many caves (most of which are of great interest in terms of studying human origins), pristine lakes and streams. The Pilanesberg National Parks, the Medikwe, Botsalano, Faan Meintjies, the Lichtenburg Wildlife Reproduction Center, the Hartbeespoort Reptile and Animal Park all attract many visitors. Port Elizabeth is home to the beautiful Oceanarium, Elephant Park and the Port Elizabeth Museum Complex, as well as the Victorian quarters of the old part of the city. The real pearls of the area are the "most English" city of South Africa - Grahamstown, the Cape Recife Ecological Reserve and the Shamwari Reserve with the only true traditional village of Kaya Lendaba in South Africa, as well as the Addo Elephant National Park (Addo) - one of the main attractions of the whole country. In the Kalahari, you can visit the Augrabis National Park with the famous two-stage waterfall, as well as the beautiful Kalahari-Gemsbok National Park with an area of ​​​​2 million hectares.

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There are many national parks and reserves in the Eastern Cape (Tsitsikamma, Nature Valley, Donkin, Mkambati, Zebra Mountain National Park and Addo Elephant National Park). South of the Orange River is the semi-desert Karoo Plateau, famous for the Karoo National Park and the country's largest river port, East London. The City Aquarium of East London contains about four hundred different species of marine and freshwater fish, and the Museum of East London is famous for the rare exhibits presented here. Also of interest are the Franci Pienar Museum in Prince Albert, the Grotto Kirk (1886) and more than 200 historical monuments in Graff Reinet, the Schreiner House Museum and the Tuishuse Museum Hotel in Cradock, the "ostrich capital" Oudtshoorn, as well as nature reserves Gamka Mountain, Alexandria sand dunes and woodland, as well as the famous Cathedral of St. Michael and George (1824-1952) in Grahamstown, the picturesque Little Karoo Plateau, the unique Kamkaslof Valley, etc. Kruger National Park, located in East The Transvaal is the visiting card of the country. Equal in area to a small state, this unique reserve protects the flora and fauna of the savannas and semi-deserts of southern Africa - more than 50 species of fish, 114 species of reptiles, 507 species of birds and 147 species of mammals. Around it are concentrated several no less original reserves - Sabi-Sand, Skukuza nursery, Manieleti-Game, etc.

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Virunga National Park. Virunga is one of the oldest national parks in Africa. It is located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Virunga National Park was officially founded in 1929. Then it was called Albert and Kivu National Park. In 1969, a separate Virunga National Park was separated from the Albert and Kivu single conservation area.

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Air and Tenere Reserve The Air and Tenere Nature Reserve is located on the southern border of the Sahara Desert. Its area is 77000 sq. km. The reserve was founded in 1988. Immediately, about 15% of its territory was allocated to a special reserve with a strict protection regime to protect the addax antelope. In 1991, the reserve was included in the list of UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites.

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Serengeti National Park The Serengeti National Park is a 30,000 square kilometer low-grass hilly valley in Tanzania and Kenya. They are covered with juicy grass, which grows well on fertile soil of volcanic origin. The Serengeti is an animal paradise that delights everyone who visits it.

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Ishkel National Park The first mention of the conservation status of Ishkel dates back to the 13th century, when the then ruling dynasty in the Arab Caliphate banned hunting in the vicinity of the lake. The national park within its present borders was founded in 1980. At the same time, the park was included in the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.

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Nairobi National Park Just seven kilometers from the capital of Kenya, there is a small savannah with tall grass and rare sprawling trees - Nairobi National Park, with a total area of ​​​​only 117 square meters. km. This park was opened before many similar parks in Kenya, in 1946. This is one of the few parks in the world where you can simultaneously enjoy the beauty of almost untouched wildlife and not lose sight of the skyline of a big city.

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Masai Mara National Park Masai Mara National Park is the northern (Kenyan) part of the Serengeti plain with an area of ​​1510 square meters. km, located at an altitude of 1650 m. The climate here is mild and warm, and the scenery is breathtaking. The Masai Mara National Park is considered the most densely populated park in the world. In terms of the richness of flora and fauna, only the Serengeti and Ngorongoro can be compared with it.

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Mole National Park (Ghana) Mole National Park is located in the Northern region of the African state of Ghana. The reserve in Mol, with an area of ​​4,840 square kilometers, was established in 1971. 93 species of mammals, 9 species of amphibians and 33 species of reptiles inhabit its territory. In addition, the park is home to over 300 species of birds.

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Kilimanjaro National Park (Tanzania) Kilimanjaro National Park was founded in 1973 and now occupies 756 square meters. km. The foot of the mountain is located at an altitude of 1829 m above sea level, and Kibo Peak is at an altitude of 5895 m.

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Dzanga Ndoki National Park Dzanga Ndoki National Park is located 480 kilometers from Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, at the southernmost point of the Central African Republic - between Cameroon and the Republic of the Congo.

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Volcanoes National Park of Rwanda Volcanoes National Park is one of the most famous attractions in Rwanda. The territory of the Volcanoes National Park is currently bordered by the lands of the Virunga National Park in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as several other protected areas.

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Kruger National Park (South Africa) The Kruger National Park is the largest natural reserve in the South African region. It is comparable in size to the territory of Israel and Wales. Its area is 20,000 sq. km. The park stretches for 350 km from north to south and 60 km from east to west.

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1. Using the physical and climatic map of Africa, determine what is the reason for the absence of a zone of humid equatorial forests in the east of the mainland: 1. Relief features 2. Insufficient rainfall 3. Influence of the currents of the Indian Ocean. 4. The direction of the prevailing winds. Relief features. 2. What natural areas does the cheetah inhabit? Deserted savanna Tropical desert.

1. Where do pygmies live? In the forests of central Africa. 2. Subsoil, which part of Africa is rich in gold, platinum and diamonds? Subsoil of South Africa. 3. Where do lemurs live? In Madagascar 4. What is the name of the moist multilayered forests? Gilea. 5. Where does the date palm grow? In the oases of the Sahara desert. 6. Where do olive groves grow? In the subtropics of North Africa.

1. Guess how many kilograms of meat an adult lion can eat in a day? kg. 2. What is the fastest animal in the world? Cheetah. 3. Who takes care of the ostrich eggs after hatching? Male. 4. Name at least one reserve or park in Africa? Virunga, Tenere, Air, Kilimanjaro. 5. Where do turtles lay their eggs? Into the sand (on dry land) 6. Whom did the ancient Romans consider to be the incarnation of the souls of the dead? Lemurs.

The sharp reduction in the area of ​​forests of the equatorial climatic zone as a result of human activities (uprooting and burning out for pastures and arable land) has led to the fact that savannahs have now formed in their place. Due to mismanagement of agriculture for many centuries, savannahs give way to deserts. So over the past half century, the Sahara has significantly moved south and increased its area by 650 thousand km 2

Virunga is one of the oldest national parks in Africa. It is located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Virunga National Park was officially founded in 1929. Then it was called Albert and Kivu National Park. In 1969, the separate Virunga National Park was separated from the Albert and Kivu single conservation area.

Air and Tenere Nature Reserve is located on the southern border of the Sahara Desert. Its area is sq. km. The reserve was founded in 1988. Immediately, about 15% of its territory was allocated to a special reserve with a strict protection regime to protect the addax antelope. In 1991, the reserve was included in the list of UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites.

Mount Kenya is the second highest African peak after Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, with Batian Peak (5199 m). It is located in the center of the country, slightly below the equator. There are 11 glaciers on its snow-covered mountain peaks. Here, among the eternal snows and alpine meadows, many rivers flow, including the Tana River, which is the largest river in Kenya. Thanks to fertile soils up to a height of 2000 meters, intensive farming is carried out. Then the cedar forest begins, in which olive trees, ferns, lianas and mosses grow. At an altitude of 2500 meters thickets of giant bamboo appear up to 12 meters high. And already at an altitude of 3200 m, the vegetation becomes poorer and it is here that the Mount Kenya National Park begins, with an area of ​​492 square meters. km. Of the animals in the national park, elephants, buffaloes, as well as lions and leopards that live in the forest zone live.

Volcanoes National Park is one of the most famous attractions in Rwanda. The territory of the Volcanoes National Park is currently bordered by the lands of the Virunga National Park in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as several other protected areas.

It is the fastest animal on Earth. Neither a horse nor an antelope will overtake him: 112 km / h. This happens because his only claws do not retract, which is why he runs like a sprinter, in "studded" Cheetah is not a scavenger. He will never return to an unfinished victim. He only eats fresh meat.

Virunga National Park

Virunga is one of the oldest national parks in Africa. It is located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Virunga National Park was officially founded in 1929. Then it was called Albert and Kivu National Park. In 1969, a separate Virunga National Park was separated from the Albert and Kivu single conservation area.

Serengeti National Park

The Serengeti National Park is a 30,000 square kilometer low-grass hilly valley in Tanzania and Kenya. They are covered with juicy grass, which grows well on fertile soil of volcanic origin. The Serengeti is an animal paradise that delights everyone who visits it.

Nairobi National Park

Just seven kilometers from the capital of Kenya, there is a small savannah with tall grass and rare sprawling trees - Nairobi National Park, with a total area of ​​​​only 117 square meters. km. This park was opened before many similar parks in Kenya, in 1946. This is one of the few parks in the world where you can simultaneously enjoy the beauty of almost untouched wildlife and not lose sight of the skyline of a big city.

Ishkel National Park

The first mention of the conservation status of Ishkel dates back to the 13th century, when the dynasty ruling then in the Arab Caliphate banned hunting in the vicinity of the lake. The national park within its present borders was founded in 1980. At the same time, the park was included in the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.

African national parks and reserves. Completed by students of 7 "A" class

1. Using the physical and climatic map of Africa, determine what is the reason for the absence of a zone of humid equatorial forests in the east of the mainland: 1. Relief features 2. Insufficient rainfall 3. Influence of the currents of the Indian Ocean. 4. The direction of the prevailing winds. Relief features. 2. What natural areas does the cheetah inhabit? Deserted savanna Tropical desert. Checking Homework.

1. Where do pygmies live? In the forests of central Africa. 2. Subsoil, which part of Africa is rich in gold, platinum and diamonds? Subsoil of South Africa. 3.Where do lemurs live? In Madagascar 4. What is the name of the moist multilayered forests? Gilea. 5. Where does the date palm grow? In the oases of the Sahara desert. 6.Where do olive groves grow? In the subtropics of North Africa. Warm up!

Blitz poll. Blitz poll.

1. Guess how many kilograms of meat an adult lion can eat in a day? 30-40kg. 2. What is the fastest animal in the world? Cheetah. 3. Who, after hatching, takes care of the ostrich egg chicks? Male. 4. Name at least one reserve or park in Africa? Virunga, Tenere, Air, Kilimanjaro. 5. Where do turtles lay their eggs? In the sand (on land) 6. Whom did the ancient Romans consider to be the incarnation of the souls of the dead? Lemurs. Questions and answers!

The questions are easier.

Kata-… Lemur Vehicle of Ostap Bender -… Wildebeest Antelope Gazelle-… Machine and animal. Real... Crocodile. The mane of ... a lion What is another name for a black panther. Leopard of the Nile … Crocodile Tarpan Equine Kakapo -… Parrot Tarantula-… Spider Try to guess!

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From the red "Europeans" Ears are distinctive, But I'm a beautiful predator! I want amazing! FENYOK I am an evergreen tree. My fruits are inedible, But for the entire population I can give shoes. CORK OAK

Human influence on the nature of Africa

The sharp reduction in the area of ​​forests of the equatorial climatic zone as a result of human activities (uprooting and burning out for pastures and arable land) has led to the fact that savannahs have now formed in their place. Due to mismanagement of agriculture for many centuries, savannahs give way to deserts. So over the past half century, the Sahara has significantly moved south and increased its area by 650 thousand km2 Human influence on nature

Virunga National Park. Virunga is one of the oldest national parks in Africa. It is located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Virunga National Park was officially founded in 1929. Then it was called Albert and Kivu National Park. In 1969, the separate Virunga National Park was separated from the Albert and Kivu single conservation area.

Air and Tenere Nature Reserve is located on the southern border of the Sahara Desert. Its area is 77000 sq. km. The reserve was founded in 1988. Immediately, about 15% of its territory was allocated to a special reserve with a strict protection regime to protect the addax antelope. In 1991, the reserve was included in the list of UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites. Reserve Air and Tenere

Mount Kenya is the second highest African peak after Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, with Batian Peak (5199 m). It is located in the center of the country, slightly below the equator. There are 11 glaciers on its snow-covered mountain peaks. Here, among the eternal snows and alpine meadows, many rivers flow, including the Tana River, which is the largest river in Kenya. Thanks to fertile soils up to a height of 2000 meters, intensive farming is carried out. Then the cedar forest begins, in which olive trees, ferns, lianas and mosses grow. At an altitude of 2500 meters thickets of giant bamboo appear up to 12 meters high. And already at an altitude of 3200 m, the vegetation becomes poorer and it is here that the Mount Kenya National Park begins, with an area of ​​492 square meters. km. Of the animals in the national park, elephants, buffaloes, as well as lions and leopards that live in the forest zone live. Mount Kenya National Park

Volcanoes National Park is one of the most famous attractions in Rwanda. The territory of the Volcanoes National Park is currently bordered by the lands of the Virunga National Park in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as several other protected areas. Volcanic National Park Rwanda

Interesting about animals

It is the fastest animal on earth. Neither a horse nor an antelope will overtake him: 112 km / h. This is because his only claws are not retracted, which is why he runs like a sprinter, in spikes the Cheetah is not a scavenger. He will never return to an unfinished victim. He only eats fresh meat. Cheetah, or hunting leopard (Acinonyx jubatus)

§ 29 p. 131 in writing in notebook No. 5,8 Homework.

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