Presentation on psychology on the topic "crowd". Rules of conduct in crowds and crowded places Rules of conduct in crowds presentation

A crowd is one of the most dangerous phenomena of city life. Succumbing to the influence of a crowd, even normal and law-abiding citizens can act aggressively. As long as thousands of people follow the established order of behavior or move evenly along designated routes, the situation remains relatively safe.

A crowd is one of the most dangerous phenomena of city life. Any surprise (a fight, the launch of pyrotechnics, a loud scream), danger (fire, explosion, shooting) or simply any obstacle to the movement of the crowd can provoke panic and, as a consequence, a stampede.

Basic rules of behavior in a crowd: adhere to the general speed of movement; do not push, do not push on those walking in front; don't go against the crowd; Hold back possible pushes from behind and from the side with your elbows bent and your hands pressed to your body. Point your fists up to protect your chest; you can clasp your palms in front of your chest; if it is necessary to cross a crowd, this must be done diagonally; do not make eye contact with people in the crowd; try to see the whole situation without focusing on individual details.

Pay attention to possible escape routes in advance! Do not ignore fences, stairs, courtyards, windows, emergency exits and routes. In case of danger, it is important to rush to the exit before the crowd begins to move. Beware of walls, narrow doorways and passages!

If you realize that you will inevitably get into a crush, take off long, too loose or equipped with metal parts, as well as anything that can squeeze your neck: scarf, tie, medallion on a cord, pectoral cross on a chain, any jewelry and costume jewelry. Empty your pockets as much as possible, since almost any hard object under enormous pressure in the middle of a crowd can cause serious injury not only to you, but also to those around you.

There is no more insignificant, stupid, despicable, pathetic, selfish, vindictive, envious and ungrateful animal than the Crowd.
W. Hazlitt

CROWD PSYCHOLOGY

Reports that at any mass
event, people were injured, appear
with enviable regularity. Cause of death
people - panic - caused by the effect
crowds. Psychologists have long shown that the crowd
unconscious and impulsive.
And therefore dangerous.

WHAT IS A “CROWD”?

A crowd is an unstructured gathering of people
devoid of clearly perceived community
goals, but mutually related by similarity
emotional state and general
object of attention.

CROWD PSYCHOLOGY

Psychologists look at the crowd as something
a single being. Remember the swarms of locusts -
huge clouds descending and rising
as if on command. A crowd of people behaves
similar. She has her own logic
actions, often different from logic
everyone who enters it.

CROWD PSYCHOLOGY

At the same time, the crowd, like any flock, is completely
subordinates the actions of the individual
person. The "herd feeling" leads to
What
Human
practically
stops
separate self and abstract
“we” of the crowd and, as it were, dissolves in it.

CROWD PSYCHOLOGY

G. Lebon, who devoted his whole life to studying
crowd psychology notes amazing
fact: whatever the individuals,
its components, their lifestyle, activities,
characters, intelligence, one of their transformations into
the crowd is enough for them to
a kind of collective soul was formed,
making them feel, think and
act
absolutely
otherwise,
how
each of them felt, thought and acted
them separately.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

If we take the classification of the crowd as a basis
the nature of the behavior of people in it, then you can
identify several of its types and subtypes.
Occasional crowd. Formed on the basis
curiosity about something unexpected
incident (road accident, fire,
fight, etc.).

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Conventional crowd. Formed on
based on interest in some advance
announced
mass
entertainment,
spectacle or other socially significant
for a specific reason.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Expressive crowd. Formed - just like
conventional crowd. In it together
expresses a general attitude towards any
event
(joy,
enthusiasm,
indignation, protest, etc.)

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Expressive crowd.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Ecstatic crowd. Represents
an extreme form of expressive crowd.
Characterized by a state of general ecstasy
on
basis
mutual
rhythmically
growing
infection
(massive
religious rituals, carnivals, rock concerts)

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Active crowd. Formed - just like
conventional;
carries out
actions
relatively
specific
object.
The current crowd includes
specified
below
subspecies.
1. Aggressive crowd. United blind
hatred of a specific object (any religious or political
movement,
structure).
Usually
accompanied by beatings, pogroms,
arson, etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Aggressive crowd.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

2.
Panic
crowd.
Spontaneously
fleeing
from
real
or
imaginary source of danger.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

3. The money-grubbing crowd. Enters
disordered
direct
conflict
behind
possession
any
values
(take
storm
places
V
outgoing transport, rush buying
products in trade enterprises, destruction
food
warehouses,
deposition
financial
(For example,
banking)
institutions, in small quantities
manifests itself in places of major disasters with
significant loss of life and
etc.).

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Money-grubbing crowd

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

4. Rebel crowd. Formed on
basis of general fair indignation
actions
authorities.
Timely
introducing an organizing principle into it
capable of elevating spontaneous mass
performance before the conscious act
political struggle.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD

Rebel crowd.

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

In days of social tension or even
mass celebrations do not go out too much
once on the street, don't look at your ribs
adventures. Anything you want
see,
to you
Then
will show
By
TV. Pay special attention to children
due to natural curiosity they
often strive to get into the most
hot spots of events, for which
are paying.

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

Choose the most rational one from the point of view
view of survival in a crowd wardrobe - more
adjacent, sitting firmly on you, with
outerwear with reliable fasteners.
Wide coats and raincoats are dangerous because
“cling” to the crowd and those who met on
obstacle paths. Scarves, ties,
"chains"
can
strangle
you.
Loose laces should be dropped. Shoes
in high heels - kill fallen people!

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

Try not to get into the thick of things: in
head of the marching column, to the rally
stands, to places of concentration of forces
law and order and those opposing them
spontaneously created fighting squads. IN
in this case it is better to stay on the outskirts
crowds than the center - there are more
chances on time and, most importantly, without losses
leave the battlefield.

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

For the person caught in the middle
crowds, two main ones can be distinguished
tasks,
on
which
He
must
concentrate:
protect
chest
cage from squeezing and try not to
fell.

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

Don't bend over to pick up dropped things,
no matter what you've lost. There is not a single
things that would be more expensive than yours
life. Do not react to leg pain and
body,
Not
try
consider
applied
to you
damage!

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

If you fall - immediately, without hesitation
not a moment until your niche
dragged on
get up.
Not
try
wait it out
Here
these
running people who will be followed
more freely. It won't be freer for
Thousands more people follow them!

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

Hands in the crowd need to be put out
in front of the chest, with the hands locked
fingers or extended fists!
In this situation they are at least in some kind of
will protect the chest. At
every breath you take you can push up your hands
on your own, winning additional
millimeters
volume
lungs.

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

This way you can protect your chest from
squeezing.

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

Be
near
With
employees
it is dangerous for the police, because it is on them, as
usually, aggression is directed
crowds.

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD

It is dangerous when driving in a dense column
be near glass display cases
shops,
walls
buildings,
trees,
various fences. Pressed against them
crowd, you can get serious
injury.

Nobody knows what the Crowd will do
especially herself.
Carlyle T.

REMEMBER!

Don't join the crowd
no matter how much you want
look at what's happening
events.
The best way out
emergency - not
get into it!

USED ​​SOURCES

http://www.effecton.ru
http://kombat.com.ua
http://psyfactor.org
http://www.izh.ru

AUTHOR'S PAGE

Topchy
Irina Viktorovna
teacher of the highest category,
teacher-methodologist
Zaporozhye gymnasium No. 11

The dangers of crowds and crowded places Being in modern society, living in a big city, it’s not so
It is difficult to find yourself in a crowded place. Lots of public
often gathers for parades and processions, concerts and performances by stars
stage, during various events and political speeches, in
clubs, metro, public transport stops. Danger
the crowd does not always manifest itself immediately. People love to get together
hang around, shout slogans, bawled songs. But not always
a cheerful, noisy company or mass gathering has a favorable
mood. The danger of a crowd lies in its spontaneity and power
impact on each individual individually. To return with
next event without bruises or fractures, let’s look at the main
principles of crowd behavior and safe
behavior in the crowd.

Despite scientists' attempts to explain the phenomenon of mass accumulation
people, all the nuances of behavior and characteristics of the crowd were never
installed. One thing is clear - the crowd averages people, that is, it makes
similar people, be it a banker, a housewife or an ordinary
hooligan. For a mass gathering of people there is no difference - everyone stands on
one level. Having gathered in a crowd, people cease to be separate
personalities, and turn into a single organism, driven
an incomprehensible and unpredictable force. Main characteristics
the crowd is that it begins to live on its own, acquires its own
character, your style of behavior. There is something animalistic about it - herd
feeling, attack by a pack, collective defense against aggression

Characteristics of crowds and types of mass gatherings

In total, sociologists and psychologists distinguish three types of mass gatherings
of people. The first is a passive crowd, they also say “herd”. This type
crowd can be formed in a place of mass gathering of people: on
station, at an exhibition, in a queue at a shopping mall, at a bus stop
transport. All the people ended up there by chance and the crowd formed by them
does not carry active actions. However, like any big
crowds of people have a deeply embedded active potential.
Should an event occur that will affect a certain part
clusters, and people, shackled by one desire, will begin to act
like one crowd.

Characteristics of crowds and types of mass gatherings

Active type of crowd of people. Different from passive
crowds of people by what this large group of people already carries within itself
charged emotions. That is, people came to this place specifically to
support someone or express your attitude towards an idea or
current event in the world. People in crowds
active type, support each other and are ready for real collective
actions. They, it seems to them, act for a common goal, together.
The catalyst for action can be an external influence, for example,
news just received or a speech from a person from the podium, and internal
process. The active type of mass gathering of people includes a crowd in
moment of catastrophe or collapse. This kind of reaction from people makes it very difficult
conducting search and rescue operations. During times of danger and threat to life
a person’s consciousness narrows, the ability to think sensibly declines
plan, only reflexes, automatisms, mindless physical
actions.

Characteristics of crowds and types of mass gatherings

The third type of crowd characteristic is aggressive. For the masses
crowds of people, aggressive behavior is the result
pre-planned actions of the event organizers, or
consequence of the development of an active crowd. Aggressive crowd of people
can be called a crowd of looters, when, during a period of general weakening
self-awareness, the thirst for profit takes precedence over reason and fear of being
caught.

How, if you find yourself in an active and aggressive environment, get out of a crowded place?
people without injury. Experienced specialists of our emergency rescue service
formations recommend observing certain rules of behavior.
The main rule of safe behavior in a crowd is to avoid crowded places.
of people.
You don't have to come to events alone. Close people always come first
will come to the rescue.
You need to carefully consider the clothes you wear to the event. Not advisable
wear loose dresses, robes and clothes with laces or
ropes. Earrings and piercings are best left at home. Do not wear ties, scarves,
chains, beads and anything else that may be on the neck. Clothes must be
tight-fitting - fasten all buttons or zippers, check that they are laced
boots; it is advisable for women not to wear heels.

Rules for safe behavior in crowds

The level of crowd activity and the consequences of its actions directly depends on the number
drunk alcohol. In addition, a carried glass bottle becomes dangerous
weapon in the hands of a hooligan. A person intoxicated cannot control his
aggression, further irritating people around him, and in the event of a threat to his life
will not be able to adequately defend itself.
If you find yourself in a place where there is a mass gathering of people, calculate your retreat moves in advance and
stay as close to them as possible. The most dangerous places to avoid
time of general flight: the area near the stage and near the dressing rooms, narrow passages and
be next to glass display cases.
If you feel that the situation at the gathering place is heating up and there is nowhere to run.
Show off your acting skills: pretend to have a heart attack or vomit.
People themselves will part and form a corridor around you through which you can leave
dangerous place. The best behavior in the event of danger is to calm down and accept
sober decision. Sometimes it takes ten seconds to look around and find a safe
way and escape.

Rules for safe behavior in crowds

If the crowd starts to move, try to move with everyone else, with the flow,
especially not against or across the bulk. Try no matter what
they were pushed to the center, where they are pressing from all sides and it will be very difficult to get out of there.
You also need to be not on the very edge, where you are in danger of being pressed against a wall or fence.
Do not grab handrails, railings, or various objects; you will not have enough strength to hold them
hold on, and your hands can get seriously hurt.
If events in a crowded place have already assumed an aggressive character, then
forget about the fallen things. Reaching for a fallen object puts you at risk of falling and
to be trampled or maimed. People fleeing for their lives won't even notice
you.
If you find yourself tightly squeezed into a crowd, then remember, you won’t fall, but
the danger of being crushed by the mass of bodies is very real. The most vulnerable places when
this - ribs, stomach, chest. To avoid being squeezed from the sides, bend your elbows and press
to your sides, tense all your muscles. And thus follow the crowd until the situation
will improve and you can move towards the exit.

Rules for safe behavior in crowds

If you fall, try to quickly jump to your feet, in this
situations, you should not disdain anything - cling to people, clothes.
If this did not work out and the crowd continues to trample you while you are lying down, then
you need to take the fetal position - curl up, chin
press it to your chest, knees to your head, cover your head with your hands. Left
wait out the stream of people and go to the first aid station.
If the police try to disperse a crowd of people or
troops, do not run towards them, trying to find help or explain
your innocence. At this moment no one will understand it, but
It is very possible to get hit with a baton.

Your actions in the crowd, briefly:

Never walk against the movement of a crowd of people.
Action plan in a crowd - stay close to the edge, beware of handrails, corners
and steps.
If you drop something (bag, jacket or umbrella), do not try to
pick it up - it could cost you your life.
Do not take active actions in the crowd - do not cling with your hands, they
may break.
Try to button your jacket, bend your elbows, press them to your body
and gradually get out.
If you fall, immediately cover your head with your hands and try to stand up quickly.
Follow the rules of safe behavior, remember - any delay
or wrong actions in the crowd is your life.

Slide 1

Slide 2

THE PURPOSE OF THE WORK is to develop information materials explaining the influence of a crowd on a person, to consider the types of crowds, and to teach the rules of behavior in a crowd.

Slide 3

There is no more insignificant, stupid, despicable, pathetic, selfish, vindictive, envious and ungrateful animal than the Crowd. W. Hazlitt

Slide 4

CROWD PSYCHOLOGY Reports that people were injured at any mass event appear with enviable regularity. The cause of death - panic - is caused by the crowd effect. Psychologists have long shown that the crowd is unconscious and impulsive. And therefore dangerous.

Slide 5

WHAT IS A “CROWD”? A crowd is an unstructured aggregation of people who lack a clearly recognized commonality of goals, but are mutually connected by the similarity of their emotional state and a common object of attention.

Slide 6

PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CROWD Psychologists look at the crowd as a single being. Remember swarms of locusts - huge clouds descending and rising as if on command. A crowd of people behaves exactly the same way. It has its own logic of action, often different from the logic of everyone who enters it.

Slide 7

PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CROWD At the same time, the crowd, like any flock, completely subjugates the actions of an individual. The “herd feeling” leads to the fact that a person practically ceases to separate his own “I” and the abstract “we” of the crowd and, as it were, dissolves in it.

Slide 8

PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CROWD G. Le Bon, who devoted his entire life to the study of the psychology of the crowd, notes an astonishing fact: whatever the individuals who make it up, their lifestyle, occupations, characters, intelligence, their mere transformation into a crowd is enough for them to form a race a collective soul that makes them feel, think and act completely differently than each of them felt, thought and acted individually.

Slide 9

Slide 10

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD If we take the nature of the behavior of people in it as the basis for classifying a crowd, then we can distinguish several of its types and subtypes. Occasional crowd. Formed on the basis of curiosity about an unexpected incident (road accident, fire, fight, etc.).

Slide 11

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD Conventional crowd. Formed on the basis of interest in any pre-announced mass entertainment, spectacle or other socially significant specific occasion.

Slide 12

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD Expressive crowd. It is forming - just like a conventional crowd. It jointly expresses the general attitude towards any event (joy, enthusiasm, indignation, protest, etc.)

Slide 13

Slide 14

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD Ecstatic crowd. Represents an extreme form of expressive crowd. Characterized by a state of general ecstasy based on mutual rhythmically increasing infection (mass religious rituals, carnivals, rock concerts)

Slide 15

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD Active crowd. It is formed - just like the conventional one; carries out actions regarding a specific object. The current crowd includes the following subspecies. 1. Aggressive crowd. United by blind hatred of a specific object (any religious or political movement, structure). Usually accompanied by beatings, pogroms, arson, etc.

Slide 16

Slide 17

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD 2. Panic crowd. Spontaneously fleeing from a real or imaginary source of danger.

Slide 18

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD 3. Acquisitive crowd. Enters into a disorderly direct conflict for the possession of any valuables (storming places in outgoing transport, frantic grabbing of products in trade enterprises, destruction of food warehouses, besieging financial (for example, banking) institutions, appears in small quantities in places of major disasters with significant human casualties victims, etc.).

Slide 19

Slide 20

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CROWD 4. Rebel crowd. It is formed on the basis of general fair indignation at the actions of the authorities. The timely introduction of an organizing principle into it can elevate a spontaneous mass action to a conscious act of political struggle.

Slide 21

Slide 22

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD On days of social tension or even mass celebrations, do not go out into the street again, do not look for adventures on your ribs. Everything you want to see will be shown to you on TV. Pay special attention to children; due to their natural curiosity, they often strive to get into the hottest spots of events, for which they pay.

Slide 23

RULES OF BEHAVIOR IN A CROWD Choose the most rational wardrobe from the point of view of survival in a crowd - outerwear that fits more tightly, fits you tightly, with reliable fasteners. Wide coats and raincoats are dangerous because they “cling” to the crowd and obstacles encountered along the way. Scarves, ties, and chains can choke you. Loose laces should be dropped. High heel shoes - kill fallen people!

Slide 24

RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE CROWD Try not to get into the thick of things: at the head of a marching column, towards rally stands, towards places of concentration of law enforcement forces and spontaneously created fighting squads opposing them. In this case, it is better to stick to the outskirts of the crowd than to the center - there are more chances to leave the battlefield on time and, most importantly, without losses.

Slide 25

RULES OF BEHAVIOR IN A CROWD For a person who finds himself in the center of a crowd, there are two main tasks on which he must focus: protect the chest from compression and try not to fall.

Slide 26

RULES OF CONDUCT IN A CROWD Do not bend over to pick up dropped things, no matter what you lose. There is not a single thing that is more valuable than your life. Do not react to pain in your legs and body, do not try to examine the damage done to you!