Amanita muscaria - a description of where the poisonousness of the fungus grows. Amanita muscaria - a description of where it grows, the poisonousness of the fungus Where does the mole live
Amanita regális (lat. Amaníta regális) is a species of fungus belonging to the genus Amanita of the Amanita family. Refers to conditionally poisonous fungi that cause mycoatropine (psychotonic) syndrome. These fly agarics are unpretentious, and they grow in forests of almost any type, on clay and loamy soil. Most often they can be found in a pine forest, rarely grows in mixed and deciduous forests with birch. They form mycorrhiza with various deciduous and coniferous trees. It grows in damp places among moss and lichen, in clearings and edges with dense grass. The fruiting period is from mid-July to late October, sometimes until early November. Amanita muscaria is a poisonous and hallucinogenic mushroom, however, despite its inedibility, it is a rather pretty mushroom. Unlike the panther and red fly agarics, the royal fly agaric does not even contain traces of muscarine, but only ibotenic acid and muscimol, which, in turn, are the strongest hallucinogens, and when they are used, a state similar to the strongest clouding of reason sets in. In addition, hallucinations are accompanied by severe symptoms of poisoning - vomiting, severe stomach pain, and indigestion, as well as drowsiness, fatigue, trembling and convulsions.
Even in boiled and very well washed, the poisonousness of the mushroom does not disappear, and it remains inedible! And although there have been no deaths after their use, this is not a reason to try it. The first signs of poisoning begin to manifest themselves an hour and a half after ingestion, while convulsions and trembling begin, and the person is steadily falling asleep. He has hallucinations - visual and sound. Sometimes a person behaves inappropriately. The duration of this effect is from 6 hours to 1 day (again, this depends on many factors). But there is also “good” news - upon completion of the effect of poisoning by this species, there is no hangover and addiction syndrome.
The cap at a young age is spherical, rounded, with edges pressed to the stem, with a shiny surface, which is dotted with white or slightly yellowish scales. At a more mature age, the hat straightens, becomes prostrate, ribbed along the edge, and is also dotted with scales. However, there are mature specimens with rare scales, or even solitary or completely without them.
The cap is 7-20 cm in diameter, hemispherical, opening to convex and almost flat with a slightly depressed center, with a radially lined margin. The mushroom is usually confused with either the red fly agaric or the panther mushroom, as outwardly it is somewhere in the middle between them. Meanwhile, if you look closely, the royal fly agaric is easily distinguished from red by the absence of even a hint of red in the hat. Coloration dark umber brown, olive-ocher, ocher-brown, sometimes gray-yellow, more intense in the center. The common cover on young mushrooms is pubescent, bright yellow, then remains in the form of easily washed off scraps, whitening in the sun, and sometimes becoming gray-yellow in old age.
Under the cap there are often located wide plates of white color, with age they become yellowish or yellow-cream. The flesh of the royal fly agaric is brittle, thick, white in color, without a special smell, and directly under the skin the color of the flesh is golden yellow. Spore powder white.
The leg of Amanita regalis is from 8 to 25 centimeters in height, its width is from 1 to 3 centimeters. At a young age, the stem of the fungus is tuberous; with age, its shape changes - the stem becomes slender, slightly expanded towards the base and hollow inside. It is covered with a whitish coating. The leg itself has a brownish color. It has a white, wide and smooth ring, framed by a brownish or yellowish tint along the edge. Volvo warty, adhering to the stem, in the form of 2-3 rings. The smell is practically absent.
Most often, the royal fly agaric is confused with the red fly agaric and panther. However, there is still a difference.
The royal fly agaric is easy to distinguish from the red fly agaric by the color of the hat - the royal one does not have a hint of a red tint, it has a variety of shades of yellow or brown.
But the panther fly agaric does not have a yellow belt on the ring, like the royal one; the flesh of the cap of the panther fly agaric is white, without yellow staining under the skin.
It happens when the royal fly agaric has a very dull hat - pale yellow, or pale brown (it is already growing so pale). And then it can be mistaken for a conditionally edible gray-pink fly agaric. But you can distinguish a gray-pink fly agaric by the way its white flesh is colored when cut or damaged - it becomes wine-pink.
For medicinal purposes, this mushroom is not used in any form, even externally. But in order to poison them with flies, it is quite possible to use it in the same way as its red relative. It is believed that insects are attracted to ibotenic acid, which is abundant in this fly agaric. Pour water into a plate, put a mushroom cap, sprinkle with sugar. Flies flock, and drunk on alkaloids, fall into the water and drown.
Spreading
Unlike the panther and red fly agarics, the royal fly agaric does not even contain traces of muscarine, but only ibotenic acid and muscimol, which, in turn, are the strongest hallucinogens, and when they are used, a state similar to the strongest clouding of reason sets in. In addition, hallucinations are accompanied by severe symptoms of poisoning - vomiting, severe stomach pain, and indigestion, as well as drowsiness, fatigue, trembling and convulsions. The hallucinogenic effect is strictly individual, and largely depends on the strength and susceptibility of the human body itself, the place where this poisonous mushroom grows, and the dosage.
tursar.ru
Amanita regalis (Fr.) Michael
(User photo rannar)
Synonym: Amanita muscaria var. regalis
Hat: 7–20 cm, at first spherical, with an edge pressed against the stalk, densely covered with white or yellowish warts, then convexly procumbent to procumbent (sometimes with a raised ribbed margin with a groove width of 10 to 20% of the cap radius), with numerous whitish , yellowish, bright yellow or brown warty flakes on a yellow-ocher, olive-yellow-brown, golden-brown, brown-orange or ocher-brown (darker in the center) background.
With age, the warts take on a grayish tint. The skin of the cap is easily removed almost to the very center. In the youngest fruiting bodies, volva is bright yellow, but quickly fades to light yellow, especially in direct sunlight.
Records: free (not adhering to the stem), fairly dense, wide, white or cream, yellowish or creamy yellow with age, 6–9 mm tall. There are plates of different lengths growing from the edge of the cap.
Pulp: thick (in the cap above the stem up to 15 mm thick), brittle, white with a yellowish tinge, without much odor. Under the skin of the cap, the flesh, like that of the red fly agaric, is of a beautiful golden yellow color (sometimes yellow-brown to olive-ocher), in the lower part of the stem it can also be yellowish.
Leg: 8–25 × 1–2.5 cm, widened to a tuberous base, covered with white or pale whitish-yellowish felt coating (fibrous-velvety), under it brownish-ocher (sometimes brown in places of pressure), hollow with age, with ring. The ring is thin, hanging (skirt-shaped), smooth, often torn, white with a yellowish or yellowish-brownish edge. Volvo attached to the stem, 15–35 mm wide, warty, white, represented by two to eight yellowish rings of warts.
Habitat: forms mycorrhiza with various types of coniferous and deciduous trees (mainly spruce, pine and birch, found in forests of any type, including mountain forests. Prefers moist soil and grassy undergrowth.
Fruiting period: July-October.
Distribution in Russia: north and center of the European part.
Similar species: usually the royal fly agaric is confused with either the red fly agaric or the panther fly agaric, since outwardly it is somewhere in the middle between them. Meanwhile, if you look closely, the royal fly agaric is easily distinguished from red by the absence of even a hint of red in the hat. In its color there are only white, yellow and brown shades, yellow flakes on the stem are also clearly visible, which you will not find in the red fly agaric. If the mushroom has grown pale-colored, with an inexpressive yellowish-brown hat, it can be confused with the edible gray-pink fly agaric (A. rubescens), which is easily distinguished by the flesh reddening on the cut. The panther fly agaric, similar in color to the cap, is distinguished by white rather than yellow flesh under the skin of the cap, in addition to this, the Volvo at the base of its leg is cup-shaped, and not grown, with a pronounced spaced edge.
Edibility/Poisonousness/Hallucinogenicity: unlike the panther and red fly agaric, the royal fly agaric does not even contain traces of muscarine, but only ibotenic acid and muscimol. Accordingly, the mushroom should be edible after boiling twice with draining the broth.
However, the concentration of muscimol and ibotenic acid in the royal fly agaric is slightly higher than in the red and panther, and two-time boiling before eating is really necessary.
The royal fly agaric has a high ability to accumulate salts of heavy metals, primarily vanadium. Field studies of Scandinavian mushrooms have shown a vanadium content of 38 to 169 mg per 1 kg of dry mushrooms (i.e. approximately 119 mg/kg wet weight). This is very lot. For comparison, the average content of vanadium in the vast majority of other mushrooms studied for this metal is only 2 mg/kg.
One possible explanation is that the king fly agaric has a substance called amavadin. The biological function of amavadin is not yet fully understood. Meanwhile, there is reason to believe that he ... can
used as a toxin to protect the fruiting body of the fungus.
- Vishnevsky M. Amanitas of Russia. Popular interactive identifier. 2015.
Note:
Mikhail Vishnevsky writes that the royal fly agaric it should be edible after double boiling. But whether this is actually so remains to be verified. The GSP administration hopes that users and readers of our forum will not do this. Moreover, many other authoritative sources, both foreign and domestic, clearly indicate the toxicity of this species.
© Rannar 2016 — note.
Edited on January 29, 2016 09:59 by Rannar
Adding a description and title photo
forum.toadstool.ru
Moth caterpillar - description. What does a moth caterpillar look like?
The moth caterpillar or larva emerges from the eggs that the adult female moth lays. The newly hatched caterpillar is almost transparent with a dark brown head, adult caterpillars are white. The body length of the caterpillar is about 1 mm. As the moth caterpillar grows older, its body length can reach 12 mm. The body of the insect has six pairs of short legs. Two pairs of legs are located on the first segments, and the remaining four pairs on the ventral part of the caterpillar. The fatter the food of the moth larvae, the larger and thicker the caterpillar will be.
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Types of moth caterpillars.
The type of moth caterpillar depends on the type of moth that laid the eggs. There are more than 40 species in the moth family, but the most dangerous for residential buildings are food moth, clothes moth (room moth), furniture moth, fur coat moth, carpet moth.
There are also other types of moth caterpillars. For example, the fruit moth caterpillar, which feeds on dried fruits, mushrooms and nuts; a grain moth caterpillar that eats barley, rye, wheat, rice and other grains, as well as a cabbage moth caterpillar, a pest of cruciferous crops.
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Where does the moth live?
food moth lays eggs in products, from which voracious larvae appear. Such products are various cereals, flour, nuts, seeds, dried fruits, pasta, sweets and cookies. The caterpillar is very small and practically does not move, so its presence in products can only be detected by chance.
Furniture moth caterpillar dangerous because its delicacy is outerwear made of natural wool and fur. This type of caterpillar lives in a portable case, which the caterpillar itself creates from the remains of food and a silk-like substance secreted by its body. The caterpillar gnaws hairs and villi, which causes irreparable damage to clothing. As a rule, this caterpillar lives in a closet and suitcases.
Although the larva of the furniture caterpillar is small in size, it has powerful gnawing jaws, with the help of which the caterpillar “cuts” fur on fur coats, fur collars and hats, leaving ugly bald patches on products.
Clothes moth (room moth) lives in houses and apartments. Its caterpillars eat cotton products, and also gnaw on silk furniture upholstery. Damage is caused only by caterpillars, since butterflies do not have a gnawing type of mouth apparatus.
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Moth reproduction occurs in several stages: a butterfly lays eggs, from which caterpillars hatch; after a while, the caterpillar turns into a chrysalis, from which a moth butterfly then appears.
An adult moth is a fairly active insect, which, due to its small size, can penetrate any narrow cracks and fly for long distances. The female practically does not fly during pregnancy. Interestingly, the moths that we see flying in our homes are males. Female moths cover distances in dashes or, more correctly, simply crawl, trying to hide in folded clothes.
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The transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly.
In one pregnancy, females can lay up to 100 eggs. The higher the temperature in the room, the faster they hatch. moth caterpillars. If the air temperature is below 13°C, then the egg maturation time will be 37 days, and at 33°C only 7 days. 35 days after leaving the egg, the caterpillar stops eating and begins to weave a silk cocoon, in which the next stage of development takes place - pupation. Eight days later, a moth butterfly will emerge from the chrysalis.
nashzeleniymir.ru
Description of the royal fly agaric
The leg of Amanita regalis is from 8 to 25 centimeters in height, its width is from 1 to 3 centimeters. At a young age, the stem of the fungus is tuberous; with age, its shape changes - the stem becomes slender, slightly expanded towards the base and hollow inside. It is covered with a whitish coating. The leg itself has a brownish color. It has a white, wide and smooth ring, framed by a brownish or yellowish tint along the edge.
Volvo warty, adhering to the stem, in the form of 2-3 rings.
The cap of Amanita regalis at a young age is spherical, rounded, with edges pressed to the stem, with a shiny surface, which is dotted with white or slightly yellowish scales. At a more mature age, the hat straightens, becomes prostrate, ribbed along the edge, and is also dotted with scales. However, there are mature specimens with rare scales, or even solitary or completely without them.
The diameter of the cap can be from 5 to 25 cm. Its color can be ocher-yellow or ocher-brown (it brightens with age), the color becomes darker towards the center of the cap.
The plates are white, wide, frequent, becoming yellowish or yellowish-cream over time.
The flesh is fleshy, thick, white and brittle.
Spore powder white.
The smell is practically absent.
Spreading
The royal fly agaric can be found in Europe, as well as in Russia - in its central and northern parts, but in the south it is not found at all. It can also be found in Korea and Alaska. These fly agarics are unpretentious, and they grow in forests of almost any type. But most often they can be found in a pine forest, in birch and spruce groves. Amanita regalis form mycorrhiza with various deciduous and coniferous trees.
The fruiting period of this "royal" is from July to October, in some places until early November.
Similarities between Amanita regalis and other mushrooms
Most often, the royal fly agaric is confused with the red fly agaric and panther. However, there is still a difference.
The royal fly agaric is easy to distinguish from the red fly agaric by the color of the hat - the royal one does not have a hint of a red tint, it has a variety of shades of yellow or brown.
But the panther fly agaric does not have a yellow belt on the ring, like the royal one; the flesh of the cap of the panther fly agaric is white, without yellow staining under the skin.
It happens when the royal fly agaric has a very dull hat - pale yellow, or pale brown (it is already growing so pale). And then it can be mistaken for a conditionally edible gray-pink fly agaric. But you can distinguish a gray-pink fly agaric by the way its white flesh is colored when cut or damaged - it becomes wine-pink.
Edibility of Amanita regalis
This species is not as poisonous as, for example, the panther fly agaric. But that's no reason to eat it! Amanita regalis contains ibotenic acid and muscimol, which, in turn, are the strongest hallucinogens, and when they are used, a state similar to the strongest clouding of reason sets in. In addition, hallucinations are accompanied by severe symptoms of poisoning - vomiting, severe stomach pain, and indigestion, as well as drowsiness, fatigue, trembling and convulsions.
Even in boiled and very well washed, the poisonousness of the mushroom does not disappear, and it remains inedible! And although there have been no deaths after their use, this is not a reason to try it.
hallucinogenic effect
Such an effect is strictly individual, and largely depends on the strength and susceptibility of the human body itself, the place where this poisonous fungus grows, and the dosage.
The first signs of poisoning begin to manifest themselves an hour and a half after ingestion, while convulsions and trembling begin, and the person is steadily falling asleep. If a person begins to doze, he has visions, while he remains sensitive to extraneous external sounds.
If a person is not dozing, but awake, he has hallucinations - visual and sound. Sometimes a person behaves inappropriately. The duration of this effect is from 6 hours to 1 day (again, this depends on many factors). But there is also “pleasant” news - upon completion of the effect of poisoning by this species, there is no hangover syndrome.
Nausea and pain in the stomach also occurs after an hour and a half, and if you eat mushrooms on an empty stomach, then much faster.
In 1979, a case was recorded in Finland when three mushroom pickers mistook these poisonous mushrooms for umbrella mushrooms. Two hours after their use, severe indigestion systems developed, and after some time they began to have nervous excitement and hallucinations.
Also, this type of fungus has the ability to accumulate heavy metals in large quantities, mainly vanadium.
The toxic dose for humans is considered to be 0.25 mg of vanadium, and the lethal dose is 2-4 mg. And now compare: studies have shown that 38-169 (!) mg of this metal falls on a kilogram of dry fruiting bodies of the royal fly agaric. And for 1 kg of fresh - about 119 mg.
It is clear that no one eats a whole kilogram of fly agarics, but why risk your health like that? Moreover, when vanadium accumulates in the body, the likelihood of developing tumors increases.
Other uses of fly agaric
For medicinal purposes, this mushroom is not used in any form, even externally. But in order to poison them with flies, it is quite possible to use it in the same way as its red relative. It is believed that insects are attracted to ibotenic acid, which is abundant in this fly agaric. Pour water into a plate, put a mushroom cap, sprinkle with sugar. Flies flock, and drunk on alkaloids, fall into the water and drown.
domgribnika.ru
Description of the species
The hat of representatives of this species is quite large - it reaches 250 mm in diameter. In young mushrooms, the shape is spherical, with edges tightly pressed to the body of the stem. With growth, the shape changes - the edges straighten (convex-prostrate). The surface of this part of the fungus is densely dotted with characteristic warty growths of white and yellowish color. The color of the cap itself varies from yellow-brown to ocher-brown. The color of the cap in the central, more convex part is darker.
The lamellar body under the cap is light in color, with the growth of the fungus, the plates become yellowish. The pulp of the fruiting body is quite thick, fragile, light, practically does not have any pronounced odor.
The height of the leg of the royal fly agaric has a fairly large range of length - from 80 to 250 mm, the width reaches 30 mm. In young specimens, it is tuberous in shape, in adult mushrooms it is more slender, with a characteristic expansion at the base, and hollow. The surface of the body of the leg is covered with a coating consisting of light-colored flakes, the main color of this part of the fly agaric is ocher-brown. Also on the leg there is a slightly sagging ring with a smooth surface of white color (dark yellow edging).
Growth features
Most often, this type of fly agaric is found in forests located in the central and northern parts of Europe and the Russian Federation. In addition, this species has been seen in Alaska and Korea. The peak fruiting of this type of mushroom is from mid-summer to October.
similarity
Often, many ordinary people confuse the royal fly agaric with such related species as the usual red and panther, this is due to the similarity of their appearance. However, upon closer examination of the royal fly agaric, you can see that this type of representatives of the fly agaric family, in contrast to the traditional and often found red, does not have in its color even a hint of the characteristic bright red color of the cap. The main colors of this mushroom species are brownish, yellow and white. In addition, the royal fly agaric differs from other species of the family in yellowish flakes that densely cover the body of the leg.
Often, royal fly agaric is confused with gray-pink fly agaric, this is due to climatic conditions, due to which this species often has a paler color, that is, the mushroom cap has an inexpressive brownish-yellow color. You can recognize these species by the color of the pulp on the cut; in the gray-pink fly agaric, it is reddish.
Another mushroom similar to the royal fly agaric is panther, the main difference of the latter is the characteristic white flesh of the cap and the ungrown, bowl-shaped volva located at the base of the leg.
The poisonousness of the species
The main components that make up the fruiting body of the royal fly agaric are ibotenic acid and muscimol, which, in fact, distinguishes this species from the panther and red fly agaric, which contain muscarine.
As a rule, the first symptoms after eating mushrooms occur 2 hours after eating them and are manifested by severe pain in the stomach, upset stools and frequent vomiting. Also, an additional characteristic symptomatology of poisoning is a rather strong nervous excitement, as well as auditory and visual hallucinations.
The peculiarity of mushrooms is their ability to significantly accumulate salts of heavy metals (for example, about 120 mg of vanadium per 1000 grams of dry raw materials). This is a rather large indicator, the average content of this metal in other types of mushrooms, as a rule, does not exceed 2-3 mg per 1 kilogram of dry raw materials.
hallucinogenic properties
I would like to note that the hallucinogenic effect of the use of mushrooms can be different for everyone, this is directly related to how susceptible the human body is, to the amount of mushrooms consumed, and also to the place where they grow. As mentioned above, the first signs of poisoning with the royal fly agaric appear already after 1.5-2 hours after consumption (small convulsions, most often a person begins to fall asleep).
As a rule, immersion in sleep is not complete, with visions. Increased sensitivity to sounds. The duration of the hallucinogenic effect does not exceed 5-6 hours. Side effects include nausea, observed in the first hours after eating mushrooms and abdominal pain.
Amanita muscaria is a mushroom of the fly agaric family, which is highly toxic (causes intoxication and the appearance of hallucinations). The main place of distribution of this species is the central part of Russia and a number of European countries (north, center).
Description of the species
The hat of representatives of this species is quite large - it reaches 250 mm in diameter. In young mushrooms, the shape is spherical, with edges tightly pressed to the body of the stem. With growth, the shape changes - the edges straighten (convex-prostrate). The surface of this part of the fungus is densely dotted with characteristic warty growths of white and yellowish color. The color of the cap itself varies from yellow-brown to ocher-brown. The color of the cap in the central, more convex part is darker.
The lamellar body under the cap is light in color, with the growth of the fungus, the plates become yellowish. The pulp of the fruiting body is quite thick, fragile, light, practically does not have any pronounced odor.
The height of the leg of the royal fly agaric has a fairly large range of length - from 80 to 250 mm, the width reaches 30 mm. In young specimens, it is tuberous in shape, in adult mushrooms it is more slender, with a characteristic expansion at the base, and hollow. The surface of the body of the leg is covered with a coating consisting of light-colored flakes, the main color of this part of the fly agaric is ocher-brown. Also on the leg there is a slightly sagging ring with a smooth surface of white color (dark yellow edging).
Growth features
Most often, this type of fly agaric is found in forests located in the central and northern parts of Europe and the Russian Federation. In addition, this species has been seen in Alaska and Korea. The peak fruiting of this type of mushroom is from mid-summer to October.similarity
Often, many ordinary people confuse the royal fly agaric with such related species as the usual red and panther, this is due to the similarity of their appearance. However, upon closer examination of the royal fly agaric, you can see that this type of representatives of the fly agaric family, in contrast to the traditional and often found red, does not have in its color even a hint of the characteristic bright red color of the cap. The main colors of this mushroom species are brownish, yellow and white. In addition, the royal fly agaric differs from other species of the family in yellowish flakes that densely cover the body of the leg.
Often, royal fly agaric is confused with gray-pink fly agaric, this is due to climatic conditions, due to which this species often has a paler color, that is, the mushroom cap has an inexpressive brownish-yellow color. You can recognize these species by the color of the pulp on the cut; in the gray-pink fly agaric, it is reddish.
Another mushroom similar to the royal fly agaric is panther, the main difference of the latter is the characteristic white flesh of the cap and the ungrown, bowl-shaped volva located at the base of the leg.
The poisonousness of the species
The main components that make up the fruiting body of the royal fly agaric are ibotenic acid and muscimol, which, in fact, distinguishes this species from the panther and red fly agaric, which contain muscarine.
As a rule, the first symptoms after eating mushrooms occur 2 hours after eating them and are manifested by severe pain in the stomach, upset stools and frequent vomiting. Also, an additional characteristic symptomatology of poisoning is a rather strong nervous excitement, as well as auditory and visual hallucinations.
The peculiarity of mushrooms is their ability to significantly accumulate salts of heavy metals (for example, about 120 mg of vanadium per 1000 grams of dry raw materials). This is a rather large indicator, the average content of this metal in other types of mushrooms, as a rule, does not exceed 2-3 mg per 1 kilogram of dry raw materials.
hallucinogenic properties
I would like to note that the hallucinogenic effect of the use of mushrooms can be different for everyone, this is directly related to how susceptible the human body is, to the amount of mushrooms consumed, and also to the place where they grow. As mentioned above, the first signs of poisoning with the royal fly agaric appear already after 1.5-2 hours after consumption (small convulsions, most often a person begins to fall asleep).As a rule, immersion in sleep is not complete, with visions. Increased sensitivity to sounds. The duration of the hallucinogenic effect does not exceed 5-6 hours. Side effects include nausea, observed in the first hours after eating mushrooms and abdominal pain.
Video: royal fly agaric - poisonous and rare!
Amanita muscaria is a poisonous and hallucinogenic mushroom from the Amanita family. However, despite its inedibility, it is a rather pretty mushroom, and it looks like its relative - the red fly agaric. The difference is in the color of the hat. But why exactly this species is called “royal” is very difficult to say ...
Latin name
Amanita regalis
Synonyms: brown red fly agaric, king of swedish fly agaric, millennium mushroom.
Description of the royal fly agaric
The leg of Amanita regalis is from 8 to 25 centimeters in height, its width is from 1 to 3 centimeters. At a young age, the stem of the fungus is tuberous; with age, its shape changes - the stem becomes slender, slightly expanded towards the base and hollow inside. It is covered with a whitish coating. The leg itself has a brownish color. It has a white, wide and smooth ring, framed by a brownish or yellowish tint along the edge.
Volvo warty, adhering to the stem, in the form of 2-3 rings.
The cap of Amanita regalis at a young age is spherical, rounded, with edges pressed to the stem, with a shiny surface, which is dotted with white or slightly yellowish scales. At a more mature age, the hat straightens, becomes prostrate, ribbed along the edge, and is also dotted with scales. However, there are mature specimens with rare scales, or even solitary or completely without them.
Cap diameter it can be from 5 to 25 cm. Its color can be ocher-yellow or ocher-brown (it brightens with age), the color becomes darker towards the center of the cap.
The plates are white, wide, frequent, becoming yellowish or yellowish-cream over time.
The flesh is fleshy, thick, white and brittle.
spore powder white.
The smell is practically absent.
Spreading
The royal fly agaric can be found in Europe, as well as in Russia - in its central and northern parts, but in the south it is not found at all. It can also be found in Korea and Alaska. These fly agarics are unpretentious, and they grow in forests of almost any type. But most often they can be found in a pine forest, in birch and spruce groves. Amanita regalis form mycorrhiza with various deciduous and coniferous trees.
The fruiting period of this "royal" is from July to October, in some places until early November.
Similarities between Amanita regalis and other mushrooms
Most often, the royal fly agaric is confused with the red fly agaric and panther. However, there is still a difference.
The royal fly agaric is easy to distinguish from the red fly agaric by the color of the hat - the royal one does not have a hint of a red tint, it has a variety of shades of yellow or brown.
But the panther fly agaric does not have a yellow belt on the ring, like the royal one; the flesh of the cap of the panther fly agaric is white, without yellow staining under the skin.
It happens when the royal fly agaric has a very dull hat - pale yellow, or pale brown (it is already growing so pale). And then it can be mistaken for a conditionally edible gray-pink fly agaric. But you can distinguish a gray-pink fly agaric by the way its white flesh is colored when cut or damaged - it becomes wine-pink.
Edibility of Amanita regalis
This species is not as poisonous as, for example, the panther fly agaric. But that's no reason to eat it! Amanita regalis contains ibotenic acid and muscimol, which, in turn, are the strongest hallucinogens, and when they are used, a state similar to the strongest clouding of reason sets in. In addition, hallucinations are accompanied by severe symptoms of poisoning - vomiting, severe stomach pain, and indigestion, as well as drowsiness, fatigue, trembling and convulsions.
Even in boiled and very well washed, the poisonousness of the mushroom does not disappear, and it remains inedible! And although there have been no deaths after their use, this is not a reason to try it.
hallucinogenic effect
Such an effect is strictly individual, and largely depends on the strength and susceptibility of the human body itself, the place where this poisonous fungus grows, and the dosage.
The first signs of poisoning begin to manifest themselves an hour and a half after ingestion, while convulsions and trembling begin, and the person is steadily falling asleep. If a person begins to doze, he has visions, while he remains sensitive to extraneous external sounds.
If a person is not dozing, but awake, he has hallucinations - visual and sound. Sometimes a person behaves inappropriately. The duration of this effect is from 6 hours to 1 day (again, this depends on many factors). But there is also “pleasant” news - upon completion of the effect of poisoning by this species, there is no hangover syndrome.
Nausea and pain in the stomach also occurs after an hour and a half, and if you eat mushrooms on an empty stomach, then much faster.
In 1979, a case was recorded in Finland when three mushroom pickers mistook these poisonous mushrooms for umbrella mushrooms. Two hours after their use, severe indigestion systems developed, and after some time they began to have nervous excitement and hallucinations.
Also, this type of fungus has the ability to accumulate heavy metals in large quantities, mainly vanadium.
The toxic dose for humans is considered to be 0.25 mg of vanadium, and the lethal dose is 2-4 mg. And now compare: studies have shown that 38-169 (!) mg of this metal falls on a kilogram of dry fruiting bodies of the royal fly agaric. And for 1 kg of fresh - about 119 mg.
It is clear that no one eats a whole kilogram of fly agarics, but why risk your health like that? Moreover, when vanadium accumulates in the body, the likelihood of developing tumors increases.
Other uses of fly agaric
For medicinal purposes, this mushroom is not used in any form, even externally. But in order to poison them with flies, it is quite possible to use it in the same way as its red relative. It is believed that insects are attracted to ibotenic acid, which is abundant in this fly agaric. Pour water into a plate, put a mushroom cap, sprinkle with sugar. Flies flock, and drunk on alkaloids, fall into the water and drown.