Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin “In the depths of Siberian ores. Analysis of Pushkin's poem

There is an interesting phraseology among people: “If you don’t know who it is, then say Pushkin.” This is not an exaggeration; indeed, this great creator has works that are dedicated to all the significant events of his era.

This man’s talent is so limitless that people specially learn Russian in order to be able to read his poems and novels in the original. Even the most accurate and literary translation will not be able to convey all the beauty and melodiousness of the words of the greatest Russian poet, whose name is known all over the world.

The history of the creation of this poignant poem is connected with the most important event of the first quarter of the 19th century in Russia. The poet, being an impressionable and creative person, could not stay away from such a significant event for the country as the Decembrist uprising (1825), especially since many of those convicted and sent into exile were close friends of the poet, with whom he studied at the Lyceum.

If today Siberia is a developed and quite suitable territory for living, then in the 19th century it was akin to being sent to Antarctica. This is the end of the world, from where it was almost impossible to return. In fact, Siberia was more like a colony of the Russian state, just a huge source of all kinds of raw materials, which those who were not sentenced to death were sent to extract.

Important! The poet could not help but worry, and with his creativity he wanted to encourage the Decembrists and draw public attention to this problem; he sincerely hoped that all the exiles would soon return home.

In exile, he transferred his poem with the wife of one of the convicts, A. Muravyova. He instilled faith and hope in desperate people that descendants and future generations would appreciate the desperate act.

Pushkin was not afraid to write openly and raise topics that were not accepted to be discussed in high society. One of these creations is the poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores”, it was first read back in 1827, in exile, where the poet and the wife of one of the Decembrists gave it to him.

He himself talked about his poem that it is an act and an indicator of courage not only of the poet himself, but also of the people of that time who in one way or another were related to the tragic events taking place.

Despite the fact that he himself was a nobleman, and the events associated with the Decembrists did not affect him in any way, he did not pass by. Pushkin was not impressed, he sympathized and showed his attitude in the most accessible way to him. Unfortunately, his creation did not immediately hit the target, and the participants in the December uprising received amnesty only almost two decades after the poem was written.

Even so, the Decembrists themselves, after returning home, repeatedly spoke about how valuable the attention of such a poet was to them and how it gave them strength and faith that their actions were correct.

Feat of women

Pushkin said that what struck him most was not the uprising itself, not the decisive actions of the Decembrists, but the feat of women. It was the act of the Decembrists’ wives that touched the soul and heart of the poet so much that he gave the world a beautiful poem.

How difficult it was for a woman in the 19th century to give up everything for love. They became exiles, leaving their homes, titles, position. They lost the respect of society, abandoned servants, wealth, beautiful clothes and jewelry, all in the name of love.

Love, the power of which is so limitless that it overcomes everything in its path! True love cannot be stopped, it cannot be contained by frames and restrictions, it cannot be stopped by any obstacles.

Important! The great poet admired the fortitude of these women, how eminent noblewomen sacrificed everything and left for the eternal cold, to the far North, just to have the opportunity to be close to their loved one.

The author talked a lot about how he was touched by his meeting with Maria Raevskaya, his farewell meeting with the woman with whom he had long been in love. A tender and fragile young lady, white-handed and touchy, as the poet believed, was one of the first to go into exile for her loved one.

She was the wife of one of the instigators of the uprising and was proud that she was going into exile as the wife of S.G. Volkonsky. She was not at all afraid that her husband was given such a harsh sentence, namely 20 years of hard labor.

Just think about it, a nobleman, a man of blue blood, had to spend two decades in the cold, without the amenities and conditions to which he was accustomed. Pushkin was proud that he once had feelings for a woman who was so strong in spirit.

The idea of ​​the work

The main idea of ​​the poem is loyalty to love and one’s ideals, which are unshakable and indestructible; circumstances cannot break and force one to abandon one’s point of view. The poet wanted to raise the morale of all participants in the uprising with this creation.

Somewhere there, in the convict holes, they could hope that everything would end soon. Faith in the best, in the future and hope for good luck - these are the true emotions that overwhelm everyone who read this poem.

Alas, the uprising failed, which was obvious from the very beginning; the balance of power in society at that time was such that there simply was not and could not be a single chance of success. They understood this perfectly well, but did not give up their idea, their feelings and thoughts were strong and pure, and patriotism and civic position took precedence over everything.

After the uprising, Nicholas I returned the poet from exile, and they talked for several hours. No one ever found out what they talked about for so long, what they discussed and what decision they came to. The poet always refused to talk on this topic, and the emperor even more so.

Pushkin mentioned in passing that the emperor assured him that the power given to him would not be used to harm. He wishes only good things for his country, he wants prosperity and development of the empire. He also asked Alexander Sergeevich to help him with this with his creativity. The Emperor sincerely believed that the poet’s work brings light.

The poet was flattered by the king’s attention, but he never renounced his convictions. He did not renounce his friends who remained in hard labor, and regularly sent them parcels and wrote poems, feeding their hope for the best, not allowing it to fade.

Analysis of the work

Analysis of a poem involves determining its genre, size, and the main poetic means used by the author to achieve his goal. The genre of the poem is Pushkin’s most favorite writing style. It is a message that is both friendly, civil and global.

Means of poetic expression are actively used, for example: “Shackles, dungeons, dungeons, gates, convict holes” - all this is directly related to the December events. There are many epithets - “mournful work”, “proud patience”, “dark closures”, “free voice”.

There are a lot of comparisons that are striking in their accuracy: “As my free voice reaches your convict holes.”

To make the text more vivid and rich, it actively uses alliteration on P:

"In the depths of Siberian ores,

Be patient and proud.

Your sorrowful work will not be wasted

And I think about high aspiration.”

The work itself is written in iambic tetrameter.

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Let's sum it up

The harsh style and bright emotional coloring did not allow the poem to be published. It was officially published only after the poet's death.

“In the depths of Siberian ores” is a work closely connected with Russian history and the social movement of the first half of the 19th century. It is studied by schoolchildren in the 9th grade. We suggest making your preparation for the lesson easier by using a brief analysis of “In the depths of the Siberian ores” according to the plan.

Brief Analysis

History of creation– the work was written in 1827 in support of the Decembrists exiled to Siberia.

Theme of the poem– the memory of those who found themselves in exile for “high aspirations”; hope for a quick release.

Composition– A. Pushkin’s poem can be conditionally divided into two parts: a story about the patience and hopes of people who are in Siberia and a prediction of liberation from the “dungeon”. Formally, the poem is divided into 4 quatrains.

Genre- message.

Poetic size– iambic tetrameter with pyrrhic, the rhyme in the first stanza is cross ABAB, in the rest - ring ABBA.

Metaphors – “Keep proud patience in the depths of Siberian ores”, “thought of high aspiration”, “misfortune’s faithful sister hope”, “heavy shackles will fall”.

Epithets – "sorrowful work", “dark dungeon”, “dark closures”, “free voice”.

Comparisons – “Love and friendship will reach you through dark gates, just as my free voice reaches your convict holes.”

History of creation

For Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century, the problems of freedom and movements for it were relevant. They occupy a place of honor in the works of A. S. Pushkin. The poet's poems were kept in the Decembrist archives, although he himself was not a participant in the uprising. In December 1825, Alexander Sergeevich was in exile in Mikhailovskoye.

In July 1826, the sentence passed on the Decembrists, with whom the poet was well acquainted, came into effect. Among them were Kuchelbecker, Ryleev, Pushchin. They wanted to execute the participants in the uprising, but then the sentence was changed and they were sent to hard labor.

In 1826, Pushkin returned to Moscow, and soon came to St. Petersburg. He supported his friends in every possible way and tried to justify their actions. At this time he met with Nicholas I, but even after a conversation with the tsar, the poet did not leave his friends. Under threat of exile, he sends them letters with poems.

This is the story of the creation of the analyzed work, written in 1827. Those to whom the poem is dedicated received a forbidden letter. He was brought to Siberia by A.G. Muravyova, the wife of one of the Decembrists.

Subject

In the work, the author reveals the theme of memory of those who were exiled to hard labor for their high aspirations. In connection with the theme, the idea of ​​​​how important the support of friends and a strong hope for liberation is developed. The poet is confident that hope can awaken joy and cheerfulness in a person even when he is in “prison.”

The lyrical hero of the verse addresses people who are in captivity. He does not indicate who his addressees are, creating a composite image of people living “in the depths of the Siberian ores.” He is confident that the actions and thoughts of those imprisoned will definitely bear fruit.

The addressee tries to cheer up the captives, saying that hope will find them even in a gloomy dungeon. Both love and “friendship” will come for her. The lyrical hero is sure that the shackles are not eternal, and when they “fall”, those freed will again be able to fight for rights, and this time with the support of the “brothers” who were free.

Composition

The composition of the poem is conventionally divided into two parts: a brief description of the people in prison, their lofty thoughts, and the prophecy of the lyrical hero about the imminent release of convicts. The transition between parts is smooth, accompanied by changes in mood from gloomy to joyful, sublime. The work consists of four quatrains, which continue the content of each other.

Genre

The genre of the analyzed work is a message, since the author addresses his words to other people. The poetic meter is iambic tetrameter with pyrrhic. The poet uses different types of rhyme: cross ABAB and ring ABBA. The verse contains both male and female rhymes.

Means of expression

Pushkin's message is replete with artistic means. Paths help the poet express his feelings for his friends and support his comrades in difficult times.

Most of all in the text metaphors: “in the depths of the Siberian ores, keep proud patience”, “thought high aspiration”, “misfortune’s faithful sister hope”, “heavy shackles will fall”, “freedom will greet you joyfully at the entrance.” With the help of this linguistic device, the poet revives abstract concepts. Epithets serve to create the Siberian atmosphere, so most of them are gloomy: “sorrowful labor”, “gloomy dungeon”, “gloomy gates”, “heavy chains”.

Comparison there is one thing in the text, but it takes up an entire stanza: “Love and friendship will reach you through gloomy gates, just as my free voice reaches your convict holes.”

In some stanzas it is used alliteration, for example, in the first lines, the string of words with the consonant “r” indicates the unshakable spirit of the convicts, their willpower: “in the depths of the Siberian ores, keep proud patience.”

In the depths of the Siberian ores, Keep your proud patience, Your sorrowful work And your high aspirations will not be lost. A sister faithful to misfortune, Hope in a gloomy dungeon will awaken vigor and joy, The desired time will come: Love and friendship will reach you through gloomy gates, As my free voice reaches your convict holes. .

Heavy shackles will fall, Prisons will collapse - and freedom will greet you joyfully at the entrance, And your brothers will give you the sword.

The poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, the analysis of which is presented in this article, is addressed to those friends who were like-minded people of the lyrical hero, “burning” with the desire to free the homeland from the “yoke of the fatal power.” The message “To Chaadaev” (1818), which contained these images, becomes a reminiscent background for it.

The temporal distance that arises when comparing two messages is important for identifying constancy in attitude towards friends and loyalty to the ideals of youth. A new aspect is the desire to sum up the activities of a generation, to fit modern, pressing events into history, showing the significance of the contribution of like-minded people to the development of civilization. They are the “brothers” of all freedom fighters, it fell to their lot to take the “sword” from their predecessors (images from the last stanza of the message “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”) in order to engage in a duel with those who doom people to the fate of slaves, dragging out their lives in “chains”, imprisoned in “dungeons” (ibid.).

Like the earlier poem, the message to the friends in the “convict holes” behind the “gloomy gates” is written in iambic tetrameter. Behind the image of real bondage, a generalized meaning shines through. It becomes the price for “high aspiration of thought,” the specific manifestations of which can be restored by listening to the frank confessions of the lyrical hero of Pushkin’s freedom-loving poetry. He is animated by Enlightenment ideals, agreeing that freedom is the natural right of everyone, which the law is called upon to observe. His trampling by those in power is perceived by him as a personal insult.

Pushkin’s innovation is the palpability in the transfer of the disastrous circumstances in which the heirs of Radishchev’s “avenger” found themselves (stanzas 13, 16). As in Radishchev’s ode, in Pushkin’s message “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” life-affirming pathos prevails, intransigence to vice and evil, rebellion, readiness to give all strength and life itself for the onset of the desired time are exalted. The lyrical hero strives to confirm like-minded people in the belief that it will come, and nothing from the moral and effective manifestations of their worldview will be in vain:

Your sorrowful work will not be wasted

And I think about high aspiration.

…

The desired time will come!

…

The heavy shackles will fall,

The dungeons will collapse...

However, the entrance to the kingdom of freedom is an abstract image, “the brothers... will give up the sword,” returning it to those who first raised arms against the authorities, in the imagination, virtually (the word “virtually” existed in antiquity, coming from the Latin “possible , appearing under certain conditions"). In reality, the new “Avengers” (an image from Radishchev’s ode) in Siberia, in penal servitude, in a “dark dungeon”, are immersed in difficult, sorrowful experiences. “Barriers” are built in front of them, preventing them from having access to expressions of affection and aesthetic pleasure. The free voice of the poet can break through obstacles, and in it the prisoners should hear confirmation of their rightness, recognition of the high meaning of their suffering. It can convey “love and friendship,” awaken good spirits, and recall the hopes of youth:

Unluckily faithful sister,

Hope in a dark dungeon,

Will awaken vigor and fun...

…

Love and friendship up to you

They will reach through the dark gates,

Like in your convict holes

My free voice comes through.

Friends are together again, a common sense of the world remains the most important factor in not feeling lonely. However, the fate of the lyrical hero’s like-minded people turned out to be different from his free future, they suffered for their beliefs, are experiencing a “misfortune” that united them (for the lyrical hero, who does not separate himself from like-minded people, it is important to emphasize that no one has the right to add his name to the brotherhood of martyrs - “Your sorrowful work will not be wasted...”, “your convict holes”, “... and freedom / Will receive you joyfully at the entrance...”). In action they proved the power of the spirit, overcoming weaknesses and conquering fate. There is only one step left to a wonderful future, their victory is undoubted: “the shackles... will fall,” “the prisons will collapse,” you just need to maintain “proud patience.” But human life is short, and not everyone will be able to enter the kingdom of freedom.

A tragic reflection also falls on their predecessors; all fighters against bondage are heroes who consciously chose a sorrowful fate. A tragic hero is a special concept, a term that emphasizes that the main thing in the fate of a character is not the position of a victim of circumstances, but a volitional effort aimed at fighting them, although he knows about their strength, that it exceeds human capabilities. Entering into a hopeless conflict with fate, the hero demonstrates the exclusivity of nature. In Pushkin’s poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, which we are analyzing, the participants in political disturbances are characterized as tragic heroes. Unlike romantic works, maximalism, the “high aspiration of thought” of each of them does not turn him into a lonely dreamer or rebel. This is a common mood for all “brothers”, shared by like-minded people in the past, present and future, it becomes the basis for creating an image that continues Radishchev’s idea of ​​​​the unity of the “military ... battle”, rising to fight “vice, lies and slander” ( stanza 16 in his ode “Liberty”).

In the message “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” by Pushkin, the signs of the “desired time” are described in general terms, as the absence of violence and bondage. The specifics are brought in by echoes of other works—the ode “Liberty” by Radishchev and the freedom-loving lyrics of the author himself. They evoke associations (from the Latin “connection”, a connection between images, concepts, qualities that arise under certain conditions, in art at the will of the author), contribute to the emergence of allusions (from the Latin “to hint”, a correlation with known literary, historical, mythological phenomenon), reminiscences (from the Latin “vague memory”, an echo of the image of another author, causing comparison). The autoreminiscent background of the 1827 message is a poem written almost ten years earlier - “To Chaadaev” (1818).

The lyrical hero of the message “To Chaadaev” also addresses like-minded friends, affirming the need for faith in the future triumph of beautiful ideals. But in the early poem many aspects are concretized: the generation of “lovers” of freedom perceives social injustice so keenly that it evokes the need for revenge for outraged ideals; In addition, for him, love for his homeland has eclipsed all human affections, he hears only her “calling,” striving to free her from the “yoke of fatal power”; finally, young rebels find joy and pleasure only in struggle, the soul of each of them impatiently longs for a clash, languishes in anticipation of victory, which is seen as a “sweet date” with a dream come true. The message “To Chaadaev” also clarifies the question of what reward fighters against autocracy expect for their renunciation of personal aspirations: the “minute of freedom” in itself will become a “sacred”, intimate experience, and in addition, they will remain in the memory of posterity forever, so how exactly the honor belongs to them (“As long as hearts are alive for honor...” - “To Chaadaev”) of the destruction of the stronghold of autocracy, on the ruins of which their names will be marked.

The connection between the two messages is revealed not only at the content level (similarity in issues, appeal to representatives of the same generation, similarity of motives of selfless service and the joy of struggle), but also in connection with phonic (sound) correspondences. This poetic feature gives the similarity the character of an organic, immediate, inner closeness. The impression is achieved using identical assonances. In the message “To Chaadaev” the main sound repetition was the sound “a” (the rhymes of both the first three quatrains and the five-line finale are built on it): glory, deception, fun, fog, desire, calling, hopes, dates; she, snug, names. In the poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” it is heard in the second and third stanzas: sister, it’s time, before you, voice. Assonance highlights words that are significant in creating an emotional mood.

However, the appeal to the Decembrists is imbued not only with a joyful thirst for struggle, but also with a sorrowful experience. Therefore, the sound repetition of “a” is combined with another assonance. Gloomy emotions are conveyed by the sound “u” (rud, labor - first stanza). However, it also has another meaning, since from the convict dungeons a breakthrough is made to unearthly happiness, which brings faith in the realization of a wonderful goal (in the message of 1827, in response to the “beautiful impulses” of youth, which the lyrical hero devotes to the liberation of his homeland - “To Chaadaev ”, becomes a joyful meeting of the victors: freedom will “joyfully receive” its defenders at the entrance to the kingdom they have won for it).

Listening carefully to the sound of the poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, you will notice that the dynamics of the lyrical hero’s feelings are manifested at the phonic level: from grief to confidence in the rightness of the cause to which he and his friends devoted their youth. In the second and third stanzas of the message “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” the stressed “u” emphasizes those words where the meaning is faith in the future (wake up, friendship, they will reach). In the fourth quatrain, words with assonance starting with “u” stand out in the reader’s mind, due to the fact that they form a surrounding rhyme. This is not accidental, since they are important, fully expressing the historical optimism of the lyrical hero (they will fall, they will give up). They are complemented by one more word, where the sound “u” is located in an intonationally significant position - it ends the ascending intonation before the conclusion (collapse). Unlike the poem “To Chaadaev,” which ends with an exclamation (“they will write our names!”), in the message “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” the last line, which also has the meaning of the desired outcome, is emotionally neutral, with a period at the end (“And brothers will give you the sword."). The lyrical hero’s excitement ends with a statement, which is conveyed by a word with assonance starting with “y”, sounding in the last male rhyme. It unexpectedly becomes an expression not of gloomy feelings, but of “cheerfulness and fun” from the anticipation of the “desired time.” Thus, at the phonic level, it becomes possible to capture a thought that seems premature and unjustifiably optimistic in the sad reality: the Decembrists will go down in history not as criminals doomed to end their lives in prison, but as heroes whose meaning of existence is to break through struggle and disasters to victory and fortunately. The day will come when the shackles of captivity fall, even if these are not real chains, not a tangible message of liberation for those in Siberian prisons, but for those whose thoughts have always had “high aspirations”, this day will bring the fulfillment of their cherished dream:

The heavy shackles will fall,

The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom

You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword.

The last line of the message is evidence of the restoration of historical justice: for posterity, the battle for freedom will be perceived as a single process. The sword will sparkle for a long time in the hands of those who cannot come to terms with the power of vice and evil, but the “Star of captivating happiness” (“To Chaadaev”) will rise, the “chosen” day will come (an image from Radishchev’s ode “Liberty”), and weapons will return to the first avengers. This is the historical mission of an extraordinary generation, from which emerged fighters for the honor of the motherland and freedom of the world (“I want to sing freedom to the world...” - Pushkin. “Liberty”).

“In the depths of Siberian ores ...” - the poet’s message
to his Decembrist friends sent to hard labor.
In the autumn of 1826, after the brutal reprisal against
Decembrists, Nicholas 1 returned Pushkin from
links, and they had a long conversation with
eye to eye. The king assured the poet that he would use
truly wants to use his power for good
and prosperity of the people and asked to help him with this
with your creativity. Pushkin listened to the opinion
king, but did not renounce his previous convictions. Not
He also renounced his Decembrist friends.
In addition, the poet was especially impressed by the
who were the wives of the Decembrists - many of them were neglected
position in society, wealth, nobility and diversity
shared the fate of their husbands. Pushkin conveyed his
friendly message with the wife of the Decembrist Nikita
Muravyova, who also went to Siberia after
for the exiled husband.
The poem conveys not only a desire
poet to console his friends, but also deep admiration
knowledge of them. For Pushkin, their thoughts are “lofty”, their
patience is “proud”, their work is “sorrowful”, and the sword
waiting for their return from captivity.
The message is written in a high style. There's a lot in it
abstract images: Misfortune, Hope, Freedom,
Love, Friendship. The poet paints a gloomy space
situation in which the heroes find themselves, using

special vocabulary: “dark dungeon”, “dungeons”,
“convict holes”, “heavy chains”. These images
create a tragic atmosphere of misfortune that befalls
his friends.

But the lyrical hero is sure that misfortune
There is always a faithful sister - hope. And he believes in
a fighter who is capable of the most difficult
conditions to retain in oneself not only “proud patience”
"nye", but And loyalty to your ideals - "doom is high
aspiration", "Love and friendship", "free
voice" are able to support the exiles, help them
bear the brunt of hard labor. And the poet also expressed
your confidence that sooner or later the right
prudence will triumph, “heavy chains will fall,
the dungeons will collapse"

But not about amnesty, not about forgiveness, not about
the poet speaks of the Decembrists' return from exile.
“Your sorrowful work will not be wasted / and your high thoughts
aspiration! - he exclaims. In this “it will not be lost”
a different meaning opens up - we are talking about a celebration
high ideas.
The ending of the poem sounds optimistic.

Pushkin’s fiery message was very supportive
Decembrists and became one of the few joyful
events of their convict life.

The key word in the poem is the word
Liberty. The same word was inscribed on the banners
Decembrists. This message poetically states
what they were fighting for. And friends responded to
Pushkin's message - Decembrist poet Alexander
Odoevsky wrote poems in response that aakan-
it was like that.