Muslim monuments. Muslim monuments on the grave: the observance of old traditions. Southern Memorial Company - Manufacturing of monuments
In Islam, they believe that the deceased believer belonged to Allah during his lifetime, and now he simply returns to him in order to receive eternal prosperity. Death is an inevitability, the attitude towards it is largely fatalistic. There is nothing to regret. Therefore, Muslim funerals are held with restraint, without open manifestations of grief. Only children and women are allowed to cry.
A Muslim monument to the grave is made for the same reasons, in contrast to the Orthodox and Catholics, for whom a beautiful, richly decorated monument is evidence of reverence for the deceased. From the point of view of the followers of Islam, respect for the deceased should be shown in fervent prayers for him, and not in spending big money on a luxurious stele. Sharia prohibits the construction of a tomb, a mausoleum with a crescent on a spire, a crypt. It is believed that the magnificent decorations of the monument and the structures above it will cause quarrels between the deceased. This will prevent them from enjoying the prosperity that Allah will give to a person after death.
A Muslim monument in a cemetery should be modest, without exquisite architectural forms and stucco decorations. Most often it is made in the form of a rectangular vertical slab, usually rounded in the upper part or in the shape of a mosque dome. The monument can be made of any kind of granite and marble of your choice. By ordering a Muslim monument made of colored granite, you will receive a simple and concise product. Thus, you will not only distinguish the grave of a loved one from the rest, but also observe all the canons of Muslim traditions. After all, the purpose of the monument is to point to the place of burial, and nothing more.
The designation of the place where the deceased was buried, with a monument on the grave, is done according to the hadith (text about any episode from the life of the Prophet), which says the following. After the death of Uthman ibn Mazun, Muhammad placed a stone where the body was buried. Then he said - now he will always know where his brother rests. Another reason is that it is forbidden in the Koran to step on the graves of the faithful. Therefore, such places are marked with monuments so as not to violate the canons of the Holy Book.
Just as concise, according to the precepts of the Prophet, should be the design of a Muslim monument. Today, the mosque allows you to depict a brief inscription on the stele - the name and surname of the deceased, the dates of his birth and death, as well as some symbols. For men - a star and a crescent, for women - flowers. Their number corresponds to the number of children.
There should be no photographs on a Muslim monument, as well as inscriptions about the grief of relatives, promises to regret the death of the deceased for a long time. In Islam, it is believed that images of animals and people cause the faithful to forget about Allah and become insane. They begin to worship these very images and do not want to honor the True God. True, modern ministers of Islam are not too strict about this ban.
The prohibition to engrave words from the Holy Book on the tombstone is also not always observed now. Recently, on Muslim monuments, one can increasingly see sayings from the Koran in Arabic. Among theologians, this issue is still controversial. According to opponents of the inscriptions, according to Islamic teachings, it is impossible to write ayats and suras on burial stones. A lot of time will pass, the plates may fall, someday even level with the surface. Strangers, out of ignorance, will step on the monuments sprinkled with earth and thereby defile the words of the Prophet.
In Russia, people of different religious beliefs live side by side, which is why our cemeteries, from a confessional point of view, are mostly mixed. Often you can see Christian and Muslim graves nearby. They differ from each other only in some design features, in particular, in how the tombstones look in both cases.
Design subtleties
First of all, the monument of a Muslim looks very laconic, because the traditions and laws of Islam do not allow excessive decoration of the grave. According to beliefs, excessive beauty, rich crypts, variety in the appearance of tombstones bring discord among the dead believers in heaven and prevent them from enjoying the prosperity bestowed by Allah.
Therefore, Shariah prescribes that all monuments of the faithful should be strict and restrained in design, devoid of excessive prettiness.
For example, such tombstones are almost never decorated with drawings. The mosque allows engraving on women's steles a bouquet of flowers, in which the number of buds usually corresponds to the number of children in the family. Male obelisks are marked with a symbolic Muslim crescent. In addition, on modern Muslim monuments there are often images characterizing the lifetime activity of the deceased (if the deceased was a train driver, then this can be shown through a drawing of a locomotive; the driver’s monument is decorated with a picture of a bus, the owner of a teahouse - a bowl with steam from tea). On the same tombstones, sometimes only an ornament of a vegetative or geometric nature was beaten out.
Another subtlety of the artistic solution of the Muslim memorial is related to the fact that Islam forbids posting a photo of the deceased at the burial site. However, the interpenetration of different cultures, characteristic of our days, begins to gradually destroy the severity of this canon. Therefore, portraits on Muslim monuments can now be seen more and more often. Photos can be made in the form of an engraving on a black monument made of gabbro-diabase. Photoceramic medallions are also often found, especially on marble monuments.
The inscriptions on Islamic tombstones are still more traditional than not. First of all, these are the names and years of the life of the dead and - sometimes - suras of the Koran, made in Arabic script. Secular epitaphs are not welcome and are not applied to typical Muslim stelae.
Prices
on monuments for Muslims do not differ from the cost of Christian tombstones of the same parameters.
The shape of an obelisk made according to Sharia law must be strict and restrained. Usually it is a vertical rectangle with a rounded, like a turban, pommel with a minimum of decorations. All kinds of bas-reliefs, complex carvings, and other sculptural excesses are excluded. These restrictions make the average price of a monument quite moderate.
For example, a set of such a granite monument with a stele 80 cm high with a pedestal (pedestal) and a flower garden costs about 11,500 rubles. If the height increases to 1 m, then the price will be about 15,000 rubles. With a stele of 120 cm with polishing on all sides - about 29,000 rubles. If relatives wish to ennoble the burial place with a memorial complex, then the prices for it are negotiated individually.
The most detailed description: a prayer for a Muslim monument - for our readers and subscribers.
Muslim monuments. About portraits and inscriptions.
Muslim monuments on the grave. About the image of the deceased in combination with inscriptions in Arabic.
It is natural for every person to want to bury the deceased according to their traditions. Our cemeteries are as multinational as our country. Only by the monuments you can understand who exactly lies here: Orthodox or Muslim. Each religion has its own attitude towards death. If Orthodoxy is characterized by a certain colorful funeral, then for Muslims this is simply unacceptable. Islam is a strict and special religion, while it is interesting for its unusualness and ancient foundations.
Our cemeteries are as multinational as our country.
How Muslims erect monuments
The peculiarity of Islam in relation to death itself. It is enough to look at what Muslim monuments are on the grave in the photo to understand this attitude. For Muslims, death cannot be unexpected or sudden. For them, death is a mandatory and inevitable phenomenon for ascension to the Paradise of Allah. Therefore, the photo of Muslim monuments - tombstones does not contain any decorations. The maximum that they can afford is to make the top of the monument in the form of a minaret or the dome of a mosque.
By tradition, a monument to the grave of a Muslim should be as discreet as possible, without photographs. Initially, Islam strictly forbade depicting faces, and even today Sharia is inexorable. This is especially strict among the Tatars, since this nation is considered the most zealous in the implementation of the canons of Islam. A photo of Tatar monuments on the grave shows exclusively monolithic tombstones, mainly made of dark marble or granite.
However, modern trends have made an amendment and the mosque began to allow making images of faces and even animals at the request of relatives. The inscription on the monument remained obligatory. Usually this is an engraving of the word of the Prophet or excerpts from Muslim suras in Arabic.
But according to other sources:
It is important to note that to mark the grave, it is not forbidden to write on it the name (of the deceased). However, opinions on carving verses of the Qur'an vary, ranging from makruh (undesirable) to haram (forbidden). Therefore, it is better not to carve (on the grave) verses of the Qur'an as a sign of respect for the Word of Allah.
It is allowed to mark the graves with stones or sticks, as mentioned in the hadith narrated by Ibn Majay. In this hadith, Anas narrated the following words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “I was able to recognize the grave of Ibn Mazun by the stone that marked it.”
In another version, he also forbade stepping on graves. In the version of An-Nisai, the Prophet forbade building anything over the graves, attaching anything to them, covering them with plaster and writing on them.
This indicates that it is forbidden to make any inscriptions on the graves. According to Imams Ahmad and Ash-Shafi'i, the Prophet's order not to write anything on the graves should be understood in such a way that such inscriptions are makruh (undesirable), no matter what is written there - the verses of the Koran or the name of the buried person. However, the scholars of the Shafi school add that if this is the grave of a famous scholar or righteous person, then it is even worth writing his name on it or marking it - and this will be a commendable deed.
Imam Malik believed that writing the verses of the Qur'an on the graves is haram, and writing the name and date of death is makruh.
Scientists of the Hanafi school believed that writing something on the grave was possible only in order to indicate its location, and any other inscriptions on it were generally undesirable.
And Ibn Hazm even considered that writing the name of the deceased on a stone is not makruh.
According to the aforementioned hadith, writing verses of the Qur'an on graves is prohibited (haram), especially considering that these graves are level with the ground and people can step on them.
Where the Muslim monument is placed and in which direction it should be turned is the most important moment. The monument can only be installed in such a way that its front part is turned only to the east, to Mecca itself. This is an unshakable tradition and the mosque treats this strictly.
Sharia does not allow to put beautiful Muslim monuments on the grave, if we talk about tradition. Faith teaches that beauty, crypts, various tombstones bring discord among the dead believers and prevent them from enjoying the prosperity granted to them by Allah. Therefore, it is prescribed that all monuments be strict and restrained in decoration. The mosque allows Muslim women to engrave a bouquet of flowers according to the number of children, for men a crescent.
Translation of the meaning: O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your servant needed Your mercy, and You do not need his torment! If he did good deeds, then add them to him, and if he did bad deeds, then do not charge him!
Allahumma, ‘abdu-kya wa-bnu ama-ti-kya ihtajya ilya rahmati-kya, wa Anta ganiyun ‘an ‘azabi-khi! In kyana mukhsiyan, fazid fi hasanati-khi, wa in kyana musi'an, fa tadjavaz ‘an-hu!
Translation of the meaning: O Allah, forgive him, and have mercy on him, and deliver him (from the torment and temptations of the grave.), and show him mercy, and give him a good reception (that is, make his lot in paradise good), and make the grave his spacious, and wash him with water, snow and hail, and cleanse him of sins, as you cleanse white clothes from dirt, and in return give him a house better than his house, and a family better than his family and a wife better than his wife, and bring him into paradise and protect it from the torment of the grave and from the torment of fire!
Allahhumma-gfir la-hu (la-ha), va-rham-hu (ha), wa 'afi-hi (ha), wa-'fu 'an-hu (ha), wa akrim nuzula-hu (ha) , wa vassi' mudhalya-hu(ha), wa-gsil-hu(ha) bi-l-ma'i, wa-s-salji wa-l-baradi, wa nak-ky-hi(ha) min al- hataya kya-ma nakkaita- s-sauba-l-abyada min ad-danasi, wa ab-dil-hu(ha) daran khairan min dari-hi(ha), wa ahlyan khairan min ahlihi(ha), wa zaud-jan hairan min zauji-hi(ha), wa adhyl-hu(ha)-l-jannata wa a'iz-hu(ha) min 'azabi-l-kabri wa 'azabi-n-nari! (In parentheses are feminine endings when praying for a deceased woman)
Prayer at the monument to a Muslim.
Regards, Yuri.
Bismillah rahmani rahim. - this is the beginning of all beginnings. this is where prayer begins. when a person is born, when he dies. every business starts with this
Epitaphs religious
Religious epitaphs express belief in God and the afterlife. Inscriptions on the monument to Christians, Jews, Muslims. Verses and quotes from the Bible and Koran.
To whom were you dear in life,
To whom he gave his love
Those for your rest
They will pray again and again.
Without the present, but with the future!
May God give you strength and courage!
May God grant you unity, steadfastness and virtue!
Bear, Lord, sins and atrocities
Above Your mercy!
Slave /(slave) earth and vain desires
Forgive sins for his sorrows /(her) !
Now your servant is being released /(your slaves) Lord according to your word with the world.
his memory /(her) forever in blessing!
Once upon a time, death reconciled Jesus with humanity.
In Your light, Lord, we see the light!
Do not remember the sins of my youth and my crimes; but in Your mercy remember me!
Life is like a dance, like a flight
In a whirlwind of light and movement.
I believe that death is only a transition.
I know there will be a sequel.
In His goodness, the Lord grants us what we wanted. The whole epitaph:
From now on, everyone answers for himself:
I am before God, you are before people!
Where is the virtue? Where is the beauty?
Who will trace her traces here?
Alas, here is the door to heaven:
Hidden in it - yes the sun will meet!
Why not to the faces, crumpled by old age,
You came, Death, and plucked my flower?
Then there is no shelter in heaven
Stained with decay and depravity.
I will rejoice in the Lord and rejoice in the God of my salvation!
For God, everyone is alive!
My hope is in You, Lord!
The sons of men in the shadow of Your wings, O Lord, are at rest!
My flesh will rest in hope; for You will not leave my soul in hell!
Southern Memorial Company - Manufacturing of monuments
Muslim
MUSLIM MONUMENTS
Headstone collection Muslim monuments according to the canons of Sharia in a modern version.
The catalog contains Muslim grave monuments from black granite. At your request, it is possible to make a tombstone marble, or from granite of other colors (for example, from red, gray or green granite) according to the sketches of the catalog.
From 17 000 rub. From 17 000 rub. From 20 000 rub. From 21 000 rub. From 20 000 rub. From 25 000 rub.DECOR
How to issue muslim monument It's up to you to decide, and we offer you some possible design options for a Muslim monument.
Muslim monuments are issued in a laconic style. On the Muslim monument do not write epitaphs, and other mournful inscriptions, because this contradicts the very idea of perceiving death in Islam.
An inscription with the Muslim name of the deceased and the date of his death is applied to the stone stele in Arabic script. In addition, you can engrave on the monument the image of the crescent and your chosen surah from the Koran or prayer.
So, the fourth obligatory action that must be performed in relation to the deceased believer is his burial. This is a collective duty for Muslims.
In a hadith narrated by al-Hakim and al-Bayhaqi, it is said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “ Whoever dug up the grave of a Muslim and, putting him in it, fell asleep, the Almighty will credit such a reward for this as for building a house for the needy, in which he would live until the Day of Judgment ».
Sharia burial rules are as follows. It is recommended to bury the deceased as soon as possible. A Muslim should only be buried in a Muslim cemetery. You can bury the dead even after sunset. In the event of an epidemic or war, it is allowed to bury several dead in one grave, setting up barriers between their bodies.
The smallest and most necessary grave is a pit that, after the deceased is buried in it, prevents the spread of smell from his body and protects his body from wild animals, that is, protects him from predators digging up his grave and eating his body.
If, without digging a hole and laying the body of the deceased right on the surface of the soil, build some kind of structure over it or cover it with many stones and earth, this will not be enough, even if this prevents the spread of smell and protects from wild animals. Because this is not called burial, and in order for the action to be called burial, it is necessary to dig a hole (grave).
It is impossible to bury in the same way in houses built underground, because even if this protects from animals, it does not prevent the spread of smell. This is what the book Tuhfat says.
Ibn Salah and Subuki say that it is sinful (haram) to bury the deceased in such (underground) houses.
Ibn Qasim writes that if this house is built in a pit (underground) and protects the deceased from wild animals and smell, then it is enough to bury him there, and if he does not meet these requirements, then the deceased is not buried in it. This is what the book I'anat says.
In the book Bushra al-Karim, three reasons are given in favor of the prohibition of burying the deceased in such houses:
1) mixing in them dead men and women;
2) there is a need to bury the next deceased there, until the body of the person buried there has completely decomposed;
3) and this does not prevent the spread of the smell emanating from the dead.
Construction of the grave
A grave (kabr) can be built in different ways - it depends on the composition, humidity and density of the soil, as well as on the terrain where the cemetery is located.
The grave of a Muslim is a pit, in one of the walls of which a niche (lyahd) is made. The pit is dug out in such a way that its dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the deceased, i.e. the length of the grave will be somewhat larger than the height of the deceased, the width is half the length of the grave (about 60–80 cm), the depth is at least 150 cm, but it is better (sunnah) to dig the grave is deeper (usually up to 190–230 cm).
In the book "Bushra al-Karim" it is written that it is sunnah for the niche in the grave to be wide, free, in particular those sides where the head and legs of the deceased rest, so that this allows the deceased to be laid a little in the position in which the person is when bowing in salat (ruku'). This is also stated in a reliable hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). It is reported from Hashim ibn Amir that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Dig a grave, make it spacious and do it well "(Ibn Maja).
The optimal size of the grave is such that its width allows both the one who buries the deceased and the deceased himself to freely go down there. And the depth is better to be such that if a person of average height, descending into the grave, raises his hands, then they would not come out of the grave, that is, higher (approximately 225 cm).
It is also desirable that the ceiling on both sides be high, in case the body of the deceased swells, so that he does not touch the ceiling. It is even necessary to make the ceiling so high.
If the soil is dense, then it is better to make such a niche for the body of the deceased at the bottom of the grave, in which the deceased would freely fit. The niche is placed in one of the walls of the grave, which is located in the Qibla direction, and is of such a height that it is possible to sit in it (i.e., approximately 80-100 cm), and a little more than the width of the deceased’s shoulders (minimum 50 cm).
In this niche, sometimes, if the soil is moist and soft, a thin slab is placed to the right of the body, and a thicker slab to the left, and the ceiling is strengthened. And in some cases, at the bottom of the grave, leaving in the middle a place sufficient to place the body of the deceased in it, a wall is erected on both sides.
Then the body of the deceased is laid there, with his face turned towards the Qibla, the ceiling is covered with stone or wooden slabs, and the grave is completely filled up.
It is not customary for Muslims to be buried in a coffin (tabut) - this is undesirable (makruh), although it is not forbidden. In exceptional cases, the dead are buried in a coffin, and this will not be makruh, for example, if a Muslim died and his body was dismembered or when the corpse had already decomposed, etc.
It is forbidden to bury Muslims in the wall, as well as to cremate his body, even if he bequeathed it during his lifetime or gave his consent to it.
Each religion preaches its own attitude towards death, respectively, the customs and rituals of seeing off the dead and their burial are different in each faith. The Muslim religion is no exception. It has fairly strict rules for the burial of the dead, and certain requirements are put forward for Muslim monuments. What is allowed to be installed on the graves of Muslims, what can be depicted on their monuments, and what is strictly prohibited by the Koran and Sharia, we will consider in our article. For a clear example, here are a few photos of Muslim monuments.
Muslim attitude towards death
First of all, it is worth knowing that the Islamic religion has its own understanding of death. For a Muslim, his death is not something terrible, and it cannot be unexpected. People of this religion perceive death as an inevitable phenomenon, and for the most part they treat it fatalistically. It is believed that a good Muslim, who during his life belonged to Allah, after death returns to him. Regret about this is prohibited.
Muslim funerals should be modest and discreet. Unlike Christians, Muslims do not openly grieve and cry loudly. Only women and children are allowed to shed tears for the dead. Since after death the deceased goes to Allah and prosperity is granted to him, it is forbidden to write sad words about the death of the deceased, regrets and promises to grieve for him for a long time on Muslim monuments.
Modesty, devoid of all sorts of rich excesses
Almost all people who adhere to the Christian religion consider it a duty of honor to build graves with worthy monuments for their relatives and friends. They erect huge granite structures, monuments on the graves, they can install statues in the form of angels and the deceased himself. Huge flower vases are mounted into the slabs, chic fences and other structures are installed near the graves, for which relatives have enough imagination and, of course, material resources.
People believe that by spending a lot of money on the erection of chic monuments, they express their love for the deceased person, demonstrate how important he was to them and how much they appreciate him. Muslims, on the other hand, believe that respect for the deceased should be shown in prayers for him, but not with a chic monument erected on the grave. A Muslim monument in a cemetery should look modest, without frills and pathos. It has only one function - to indicate that a person is buried in this place.
The tradition of marking the place of burial originates in one of the hadiths. It says that after the death of Uthman ibn Mazun, the Prophet put a stone in his place of burial and said that now he would know where the grave of his brother was. It is also forbidden by the Koran to step on the graves and burial places of Muslims. Accordingly, monuments help to mark these places.
Acceptable text engravings
According to one version, the Prophet forbade attaching the graves of Muslims to anything, building something over them, and also covering them with plaster. It follows from this that it is also impossible to write inscriptions on Muslim monuments. Some scholars believe that these words about inscriptions should be taken not as a ban, but as an extremely undesirable action. If, for example, the grave belongs to a famous figure, a righteous person or a scientist, then the designation of his name on the grave will be considered a good deed.
On the graves of ordinary Muslims, it is allowed to indicate the name of the dead only to designate them. Writing the date of death is undesirable (makruh), but is permitted.
The question of whether it is possible to decorate the graves with inscriptions from the Koran or engrave the words of the Prophet is also controversial. Recently, such engravings in Muslim cemeteries are very common. But if we turn to history, it becomes clear that this is haram (sin). According to one of the hadiths, it is impossible to engrave the words of the Prophet, suras and verses of the Koran, because over time the graves can be leveled to the ground and people will walk on them. The words of the Prophet can thus be defiled.
What should not be on Muslim monuments and graves
The grave of a true Muslim should be modest. On the monument there should not be inscriptions about the grief of relatives and friends. It is also not worth placing a photo of the deceased on the monument.
It is strictly forbidden to build crypts, mausoleums and tombs on the grave. Sharia prohibits the erection of monuments that are too beautiful and demonstrate the wealth of relatives. It is believed that different monuments and lavishly decorated graves can cause quarrels between the dead. This will prevent them from enjoying the welfare granted by Allah after death.
For a long time, the mosque has allowed not only to write the name of the deceased and the date of his death on the monuments, but now it is allowed to indicate some symbols. On men's monuments, a crescent can be depicted, and on women's - flowers (their number means the number of children). Photos of Muslim monuments on the grave with such symbols are given in the article.
The form of the monument and the materials from which they are made
Muslim monuments in the cemetery, photos of which can be seen in the article, are usually built from marble or granite. Often they are made in the form of a kind of arched structure, which at the top resembles a dome. Sometimes the top of the monument is made in the form of a dome of a mosque or in the form of a minaret.
Which direction should the statue face?
The question of which direction the monument should face is fundamentally important for Muslims. The grave must be constructed in such a way that it is possible to place the deceased in it facing Mecca. This tradition is strictly forbidden to be violated, and the mosque treats its observance extremely strictly.
Accordingly, the monument is installed only with the front side to the east. For this reason, all monuments face only one direction. Passing through these cemeteries, it is very easy to determine the direction. The east side is always where all the structures on the graves face.