Labor protection instructions for compressor unit operators. Occupational safety instructions for compressor unit operator Technological compressor operator harmful factors

15.01.2024

Early pensions for compressor unit operators and process compressor operators

The profession “Compressor unit operator” is provided for in the ETKS (issue 1). This issue applies to employees of various enterprises and organizations (industrial enterprises, main pipelines, construction sites, etc.). A compressor is a machine for compressing air or gas, which is used as an energy carrier or as a raw material for the production of various products. The current legislation establishes early pension provision for compressor unit operators when working with substances of at least hazard class 3. Air does not belong to substances of hazard classes 1-3, therefore compressor unit operators engaged in servicing air compressors do not enjoy the right to early pension provision. Compressor unit operators servicing oxygen compressors also do not enjoy the right to early assignment of an old-age retirement pension.

The right to early assignment of an old-age retirement pension in accordance with Section XXXIII of List No. 2 can be established for drivers of compressor units intended to produce gases that are classified as substances of at least hazard class 3 (for example, ammonia).

The characteristics of the work of a compressor installation operator include work on servicing both individual installations and automated compressor stations. Therefore, workers of this profession engaged in servicing compressor stations also acquire the right to early assignment of an old-age pension (if the relevant conditions of List No. 2 are met).

It should be borne in mind that for the lubrication of compressor units, as for all machines, installations and mechanisms, various petroleum oils are used, the evaporation of which can release harmful substances. This circumstance should not serve as a basis for providing early retirement benefits to compressor unit operators if they are not working with substances of at least hazard class 3.

The profession “Technological compressor operators”, in contrast to the profession “Compressor unit operator”, is provided for in the ETKS (issue 36), which applies to employees of oil and gas processing enterprises (organizations) and organizations servicing main oil and gas pipelines. Workers in this profession acquire the right to early retirement benefits according to List No. 2 (section XXXIII, item 23200000-14257) if they are constantly employed in servicing gas compressors (except air compressors). Moreover, they do not require confirmation that they work with substances of at least hazard class 3.

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Question: The profession of compressor unit operator is not included in the List of industries, works, professions, positions and indicators for work with harmful and difficult working conditions, employment in which gives the right to an old-age pension for work with special working conditions. When certifying the workplace, a hazard class of 3.2 was established with 0.18 shifts (18%) occupied. What compensation are provided to these workers?

QUESTION: The organization carried out certification of workplaces based on working conditions. For gas welders and painters, a hazard class of 3.2 is established when employed more than 80% of the working time (shift). These professions are included in the List of industries, works, professions, positions and indicators for work with harmful and difficult working conditions, employment in which gives the right to an old-age pension for work with special working conditions, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated May 25, 2005 No. 536 (hereinafter referred to as List No. 2).

The profession of compressor unit operator is not included in List No. 2. When certifying the workplace, a hazard class of 3.2 was established with 0.18 shifts (18%) occupied.

What compensation are provided to these workers?

ANSWER: In accordance with paragraph 92 of the Instructions for assessing working conditions when certifying workplaces for working conditions and providing compensation based on its results, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus dated February 22, 2008 No. 35 (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions), when assessing working conditions, corresponding to the 3rd class of the second degree of harm (3.2) and higher, the special working conditions in the workplace of workers, professions, positions, the performance indicators of which are provided for in List No. 2, are confirmed.

According to clause 95 and Appendix 8 to the Instructions, in case of class 3 of the second degree of harm (3.2), additional payments are provided for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions in the amount of 0.14% of the tariff rate of the 1st category for 1 hour of work. In the event that an organization has a tariff rate of the 1st category lower than the tariff rate of the 1st category established by the Government, additional payments are established from the tariff rate of the 1st category established by the Government of the Republic of Belarus.

If an organization uses several tariff rates of the 1st category, the additional payment is calculated based on the tariff rate of the 1st category adopted for calculating the employee’s wages.

Based on Appendix 1 to the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated January 19, 2008 No. 73 “On additional leave for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions and the special nature of work” in class 3 of the second degree of harm (3.2), additional leave of 7 calendar days is granted days.

The listed compensations are provided if the employee is employed in these conditions full time (at least 80% of the working time (shift)).

With regard to the operator of compressor units, it should be noted that if this profession is not included in List No. 2, then, regardless of the class and degree of harmfulness or danger, this employee does not have the right to an old-age pension for work with special working conditions.

In accordance with paragraph 11 of the Instructions, if the influence of a harmful and (or) dangerous factor in the working environment on an employee is less than 50% and up to 10% inclusive of the working time, the class of working conditions for this factor is reduced by one degree. This means that the hazard class of working conditions for compressor unit operators is 3.1.

The following compensation is provided for the specified employee:

Additional leave lasting 4 calendar days;

Cash additional payments in the amount of 0.10% to the tariff rate of the 1st category for 1 hour of work.

In addition, we inform you that if, due to working conditions, professions (types of work) are included in the List of industries, workshops, professions and positions with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, work in which gives the right to reduced working hours, approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Labor and social protection of the Republic of Belarus dated December 10, 2007 No. 170, then the right to this compensation is confirmed in class 3 of the first degree of harm (3.1) and higher (

A compressor unit operator is a specialist who ensures uninterrupted operation, maintains it, and prepares it for starts and stops. Must maintain the established technological rhythm in work.

Using automation equipment, measuring and control instruments, protection and alarm systems, as well as blocking, the compressor unit operator performs a professional inspection of the equipment and determines the causes of breakdowns, after which he eliminates them.

Requirements

The job description of a compressor unit operator describes a list of duties that require the absence of contraindications. If an employee has health problems, then working on this installation is strictly prohibited.

The compressor operator must have vision that is resistant to fatigue. Acute vision with normal color vision is one of the important criteria.

Good hearing, a keen sense of smell, developed memory are qualities that must be at a high level.

Physically demanding work requires great endurance. In case of health problems, as a result of which heavy physical exertion and monotonous work are contraindicated, the employee must be relieved of his position.

The ability to work in a large team is an important personal skill, without which it is difficult to imagine working as a mechanic.

Contraindications to work in this position are disorders of the vestibular system, hearing and vision impairment, and a predisposition to colds.

Qualification requirements

This employee has a complex and responsible job. A compressor unit operator must have extensive knowledge in the fields of chemistry, physics, and electrical engineering. Knowledge of types and types is required to perform the work efficiently.

Knowledge of technological processes used in production is the key to successful work.

It is also necessary to know the principles of operation of the installation, the structure of the compressor, electric motors, as well as the instruments used to carry out measurements.

Rank

According to the directory, there are 5 categories of compressor unit operators. Each has its own requirements for professional training, and also describes the responsibilities that an employee must perform in this position.

The ETKS classifier distinguishes drivers of the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth categories.

The second category is the highest; it has the highest requirements for experience and skills. The sixth, accordingly, is the lowest.

Compressor unit operator ranks are assigned according to work experience. Responsibilities depend on the rank, as well as the level of remuneration.

Second category

A second-class compressor unit operator services compressors with operating pressures up to 10 kgf/cm2 (1 MPa). The flow rate of this unit is 5 m 3 /min.

Responsibilities include:

starting, stopping and regulating compressors;
monitoring the operation of auxiliary equipment, as well as the compressors themselves;
lubricating parts of mechanisms that experience friction;
prevention of malfunctions in the operation of the compressor;
troubleshooting;
monitoring the operation of safety devices;
repair of drive motors;
filling oil into emergency tanks and supply tanks, as well as pumping out oil;
participation in the repair of compressor equipment.

Knowledge for the second category

The compressor unit operator's instructions presuppose the presence of professional knowledge, without which it will be impossible to perform direct duties.

The employee must know:

principles of operation of a turbocharger;
operating principle of a piston compressor;
operation of steam engines and turbocompressors;
operating principle of electric motors;
troubleshooting methods for engines and compressors;
methods of using instruments for measurement and control, as well as the purpose of each instrument;
station pipeline diagram;
operating pressure and air temperature corresponding to each mode;
permissible temperature to which the operating unit unit can heat up;
methods for eliminating overheating, as well as measures to prevent overheating;
brands of oils used in the unit for lubrication of components.

Third category

Compressor unit operator training takes place not only at a vocational school or university. There are advanced training courses, after completing which the student is issued a certificate of assignment to a higher rank.

Turbochargers and stationary compressors with operating pressure up to 10 kgf/cm2 (1 MPa), flow rate above 5 m3/min. and up to 100 m 3 /min. Or installations with pressure above 10 kgf/cm 2 (1 MPa) and flow up to 5 m 3 /min. when carrying out work with non-hazardous gases driven by different engines.

For a third-class specialist, the responsibilities include:

regulation and start-up of compressors, engines and turbochargers;
maintaining the required compressor operating parameters;
switching various units;
prevention of emergency situations in the operation of the station;
preparation of technical documentation on the operation of the equipment being serviced;
taking part in the repair of units and parts of the station.

Knowledge for the third category

An employee with the third category must know:

piston compressors, internal combustion engines, electric motors, steam engines and installations;
technical characteristics of the described units and rules for their maintenance;
installation of control and measuring equipment, maintenance rules and technical characteristics;
installation piping diagram;
documentation necessary for the operation of the installation;
fundamentals of thermodynamics, as well as electrical engineering;
properties of gases during compressor operation.

Fourth category

A driver with the specified category services turbochargers and stationary compressors up to 10 kgf/cm2 (1 MPa). The flow rate in these installations is more than 100 m 3 /min.

The work consists of:

establishing and maintaining a favorable operating mode for the compressor;
monitoring the serviceability of engines, instruments, mechanisms;
participation in the inspection and repair of equipment (according to the qualifications of a mechanic with the 3rd category).

Knowledge for the fourth category

To perform duties at a high level must know:

design features, as well as the design of various types of compressors, internal combustion engines, turbochargers, electric motors, complex instruments for control and measurement, fittings and equipment, steam engines;
layout diagrams of pipelines, steam lines, tanks and fittings;
diagrams according to which the automatic device for blocking the operation of the station is located;
technical characteristics of compressors that need to be serviced;
electricity consumption standards for normal operation of the station;
standards for the consumption of materials for the production of gases or compressed air.

Fifth category

A fifth-class driver services automated stations up to 100 m 3 /min.

His responsibilities are:

switching, as well as putting equipment into repair and standby mode;
regulation of technical processes;
compiling lists of defects, as well as sheets for equipment repairs;
carrying out repairs of station equipment (qualification of a mechanic of the 4th category);
carrying out repairs of internal combustion engines and compressor units in field and emergency conditions.

Knowledge for the fifth category

A fifth-class mechanic should know the internal structure quite well.

Required knowledge:

kinematic diagrams of turbocompressors, electric motors, steam engines, internal combustion engines;
devices for compressors operating at high pressure;
operating rules and characteristics of auxiliary equipment, steam engines, electric motors, turbocompressor units;
technological processes of the station;
Efficiency of the compressor and applied structures and systems.

Sixth category

The work of a sixth-grade driver requires the greatest concentration, and knowledge must be supported not only by theory, but also by practice. Due to the fact that the serviced units have high power, the employee must be able to:

monitoring the correct operation of the equipment of the entire station;
regulation of the process of producing station work products;
drawing up defect reports;
equipment repair (5th category mechanic qualification).

Knowledge for the sixth category

Knowledge is required:

turbocharger designs;
kinematic schemes;
various power equipment: steam engines, electrical equipment, internal combustion engines;
characteristics for the operation of compressor power plants.

Work safety

Occupational safety and health of compressor unit operators is regulated by the current legislation of the Russian Federation. Labor legislation, as well as labor protection and life safety standards, establish acceptable operating limits for mechanics. The work schedule is consistent with the qualifications and is based on the employee’s health status.

Vacancies

In Moscow, a compressor unit operator earns from 80,000 rubles. An employee of this category is required at large manufacturing enterprises. To submit your resume for consideration, you need to monitor the labor market and track emerging vacancies.

Do you think you are Russian? Were you born in the USSR and think that you are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian? No. This is wrong.

Are you actually Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian? But do you think that you are a Jew?

Game? Wrong word. The correct word is “imprinting”.

The newborn associates himself with those facial features that he observes immediately after birth. This natural mechanism is characteristic of most living creatures with vision.

Newborns in the USSR saw their mother for a minimum of feeding time during the first few days, and most of the time they saw the faces of the maternity hospital staff. By a strange coincidence, they were (and still are) mostly Jewish. The technique is wild in its essence and effectiveness.

Throughout your childhood, you wondered why you lived surrounded by strangers. The rare Jews on your way could do whatever they wanted with you, because you were drawn to them, and pushed others away. Yes, even now they can.

You cannot fix this - imprinting is one-time and for life. It’s difficult to understand; the instinct took shape when you were still very far from being able to formulate it. From that moment, no words or details were preserved. Only facial features remained in the depths of memory. Those traits that you consider to be your own.

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System and observer

Let's define a system as an object whose existence is beyond doubt.

An observer of a system is an object that is not part of the system it observes, that is, it determines its existence through factors independent of the system.

The observer, from the point of view of the system, is a source of chaos - both control actions and the consequences of observational measurements that do not have a cause-and-effect relationship with the system.

An internal observer is an object potentially accessible to the system in relation to which inversion of observation and control channels is possible.

An external observer is an object, even potentially unattainable for the system, located beyond the system’s event horizon (spatial and temporal).

Hypothesis No. 1. All-seeing eye

Let's assume that our universe is a system and it has an external observer. Then observational measurements can occur, for example, with the help of “gravitational radiation” penetrating the universe from all sides from the outside. The cross section of the capture of “gravitational radiation” is proportional to the mass of the object, and the projection of the “shadow” from this capture onto another object is perceived as an attractive force. It will be proportional to the product of the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them, which determines the density of the “shadow”.

The capture of “gravitational radiation” by an object increases its chaos and is perceived by us as the passage of time. An object opaque to “gravitational radiation”, the capture cross section of which is larger than its geometric size, looks like a black hole inside the universe.

Hypothesis No. 2. Inner Observer

It is possible that our universe is observing itself. For example, using pairs of quantum entangled particles separated in space as standards. Then the space between them is saturated with the probability of the existence of the process that generated these particles, reaching its maximum density at the intersection of the trajectories of these particles. The existence of these particles also means that there is no capture cross section on the trajectories of objects that is large enough to absorb these particles. The remaining assumptions remain the same as for the first hypothesis, except:

Time flow

An outside observation of an object approaching the event horizon of a black hole, if the determining factor of time in the universe is an “external observer,” will slow down exactly twice - the shadow of the black hole will block exactly half of the possible trajectories of “gravitational radiation.” If the determining factor is the “internal observer,” then the shadow will block the entire trajectory of interaction and the flow of time for an object falling into a black hole will completely stop for a view from the outside.

It is also possible that these hypotheses can be combined in one proportion or another.

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INTRODUCTION

In the modern world, in all countries at any enterprise, the problem of improving working conditions is always relevant. The enormous importance of the working conditions of each employee for the enterprise as a whole can be explained by the fact that the level of a person’s performance, the quality and effectiveness of his work, physical and psychological health, as well as the employee’s attitude to his position and to the enterprise as a whole directly depend on the state of the employee’s workplace. . In other words, it is beneficial for an enterprise when its employees have good working conditions, since in this case productivity increases, and, accordingly, the quantity of products produced, the number of errors in the workplace decreases and there are fewer defects, the employee has time to rest, his body is less susceptible to illness, which means that the likelihood that a person will go on sick leave or develop some kind of work-related illness is much lower than in enterprises that do not care about the condition of their workplaces.

In our country, the problem of improving working conditions is particularly acute. There are several reasons for this:

A significant part of the equipment and technology used in production does not comply with modern international hygiene standards and safety requirements;

Most of the equipment at enterprises, especially state-owned ones, has long been physically and morally outdated, and the purchase of new and modern equipment requires significant costs;

Unfortunately, very often the employer’s labor relations with its employee leave much to be desired, the employer does not consciously strive to improve the employee’s conditions, and the employee is afraid to complain to the appropriate authorities.

The object of research in this work is various options and ways to improve working conditions at the enterprise, their significance for the employee and the enterprise as a whole.

The purpose of this work is to identify the main harmful production factors in the workplace of a compressor unit operator and propose measures to improve these conditions.

To reveal the purpose of the thesis:

We identified harmful working conditions in the workplace of a compressor unit operator;

They proposed measures to improve the working conditions of the compressor unit driver;

We assessed the effectiveness of the proposed methods for improving working conditions.

The structure of the thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and literature.

CHAPTER 1. WATER SUPPLY AND DEVELOPMENT OF POPULATIONS

1.1 Modern problems of water supply and sanitation

In the modern world, water is becoming one of the most important resources; it can already influence the location of new areas of agriculture, industry, new settlements, etc. Water supply is becoming an increasingly important condition for solving socio-economic problems and creating the value of industrial products. Despite the fact that the problem of water supply to settlements is invisible, already now the water balance, i.e. The relationship between the need for water and its availability in reservoirs in many areas of our country is tense.

Also, the distribution of water flow over the year usually does not correspond to the distribution of demand for water resources, and the possibility of further regulation of this flow is difficult to implement. This can be explained by several conditions:

Often, topographic conditions do not allow the creation of capacious, larger reservoirs, and the deliberate flooding of agricultural land, environmental and cultural sites, or deposits of important minerals is unacceptable;

It is necessary to maintain guaranteed water availability on rivers in order to ensure the spawning of local fish species, create water supply for breeding and catching fish, and maintain conditions for the normal functioning of hydroelectric power stations and navigation in some areas.

In addition to what is said above, some water resources are used unsustainably. For example, in many irrigation systems, a significant part of the water is lost during filtration, and water intake equipment is rarely equipped with systems for calculating the water taken, which also leads to unnecessary waste of water resources.

In industry, they are not quickly starting to use technological processes based on the use of a small amount of water, or without its use at all. A large volume of water is spent on removing waste from various technical processes. In this case, it is more rational to switch to waste-free or low-waste production.

In municipal water supply of populated areas, water losses are also present in large volumes. This is due to wear and tear and poor design of water supply networks and lack of water meters, although the latter is becoming less and less common due to imperfect payment tariffs.

There are two types of use of water resources - water use and water consumption. No water is wasted when using water. In this case, it performs some work, for example, it is used in hydropower. This type also includes such types of work as the use of rivers and seas for navigation and timber rafting, and fishing on an industrial scale.

When water is consumed, as the name implies, part of the water is irrevocably taken from water resources. This includes the evaporation of water and its use for industrial purposes in the production of various products and in agriculture. It is worth noting that some of the water that does return to reservoirs becomes polluted, and this is fraught with flowering of the backwaters of rivers and lakes.

In practice, it is very difficult to separate water use and water consumption from each other. Therefore, when used in combination, these varieties can be combined. The main water users are always settlements, for which the water quality must be the highest. The next in terms of consumption are thermal and nuclear power plants, next to them on the same level are enterprises with a continuous operating cycle. Irrigation of plants with water in large quantities is necessary only during the growing season; water transport essentially does not consume water, nor does fisheries. In the Russian Federation, about 90 km 3 of fresh water is taken every year. A quarter of this amount is permanently withdrawn (consumed, lost during transportation or when used in production).

Irrigated agriculture is an important part of agriculture, creating a guaranteed food supply. A significant portion of vegetables, fruits, rice, etc. are grown on irrigated fields. Approximately 10% of water per year is spent on irrigation of these lands. When solving the problem of water resource use, it is necessary to take into account that 40% of the water used is lost through filtration, discharge and evaporation. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce new irrigation methods.

Wastewater from the sewer system contains a huge amount of organic and inorganic substances in various states. The concentration of all this more often than usual exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations, and these effluents have to be diluted with clean water before being discharged into the reservoir. remote production compressor operator

The economic development of many regions of the country depends on the use of small rivers, which are sometimes the only source of water in a populated area. Intensive drainage in small rivers can harm not only these small settlements, but also harm the river basin as a whole, and therefore a much larger area.

To solve all these problems you need to implement:

New water-saving technological processes that do not require large amounts of water when executed;

New methods for wastewater treatment;

Closed original water management systems, equipped with everything necessary for waste disposal.

Currently, a path of development in saving water consumption is being outlined. But it must be taken into account that in areas where there is a shortage of water resources (this applies more to the southern regions of the country), it is more rational to use water-saving technologies, create water supply networks for technical needs, where it is possible to reuse water of average quality, create services for the protection of natural water use and protection water from pollution. All these solution options are in most cases more economical and environmentally friendly than territorial distribution of water.

Now, to protect the water sector in the country, there is a record of water consumption from river basins, based on automatic information collection databases and the use of geostationary satellites. Therefore, the tasks of providing territories with water are solved comprehensively, taking into account the regulation of surface and groundwater, as well as its protection from pollution and depletion.

1.2 Determination of the water supply and sanitation system of a populated area

Modern water supply networks for cities and populated areas are a complex system that receives water from a reservoir, purifies it, and then distributes it to consumers. The most common are multifunctional systems; they supply both drinking water and water for household needs and fire water supply.

On average, water consumption during the year can be divided into:

Household and drinking expenses of people - 56% (cooking and drinking water - 30%; washing - 10%; using the bathroom, shower - 30%; using the toilet - 30%);

Needs of public buildings - 17%;

Industrial needs - 17%;

Needs of fire organizations - 3%;

Urban needs (watering flower beds, green spaces, operating city fountains, etc.) - 1%;

Other needs - 6%.

Figure 1.1 - Distribution of annual water consumption

The composition of drinking water for any water sources, purification methods and features of the water supply network must be safe and comply with the standards of GOST R 51232-98 “Drinking water. General requirements for the organization and methods of quality control" and SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 "Hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters".

To reduce non-productive consumption of water resources, i.e. various leaks, you can adjust the water pressure depending on the number of floors in the building. The average daily amount of water consumed helps determine water consumption at any time of the year.

Accordingly, water supply facilities are calculated depending on water consumption, taking into account the possible development and expansion of the populated area. For this purpose, additional areas are reserved for the construction of new water supply systems. When selecting pumping and compressor equipment, one must be guided by possible short-term periods of maximum water supply, for example, in the evening, water consumption is greater than during the day or in the morning, people cook food and take a shower after work, and water consumption also increases greatly in dry summer weather, this is due to both increased consumption of drinking water by the population and irrigation of agricultural land.

Drainage networks are created to remove wastewater beyond the boundaries of settlements and enterprises. Wastewater is water that has been altered by human activity and contaminated with organic and mineral substances. They represent liquid waste resulting from the industrial and domestic activities of people, as well as waste from sediment removed from the territory. In the city, they most often end up at treatment plants, and after that they are discharged into reservoirs or other specially designated places.

Based on this, wastewater can be divided into:

Wastewater from populated areas (a mixture of domestic and industrial wastewater);

Rainwater (formed as a result of precipitation);

Industrial wastewater (generated from technological operations in production);

Wastewater from irrigation systems (drainage systems).

Sewage wastewater serves as a medium for the development of microorganisms, including those that are causative agents of various diseases. Also, wastewater contains various toxic substances that can poison living organisms or cause the death of plants. Water discharged from production always contains pollutants of different types and concentrations.

To dispose of precipitation runoff, it is important to analyze its quantity and know during what period of the year the load on the sewer system will be large. Taking into account this analysis, you need to take care in advance about the good condition of the storm drains, monitor the condition of drains and grates, and during the spring snowmelt period, attract vehicles to remove snow from the most problematic areas.

Sanitary requirements dictate the need to install high-quality and modern drainage systems to improve the living conditions of the population and ensure the proper operation of production facilities of various types. Drainage systems are a complex of structures, buildings and pipelines designed to collect, transport, remove pollutants and bacteria from wastewater, and subsequently discharge it into designated water bodies.

Drainage systems consist of several parts: drainage systems inside buildings and structures, intra-block and intra-street drainage networks, external drainage networks, reservoirs, pump and compressor stations, treatment facilities, water discharge systems, these include emergency discharge systems, storm water inlets, storm drains etc.

Due to the difference in the composition of pollutants in rainwater, industrial and domestic wastewater, different methods for their purification have been developed, and there is also a need for separate water drainage. Drainage systems can be divided into three main types: combined, separated and combined. In turn, these three categories can also be divided.

The common sewage system has one common network, which is used to drain all types of wastewater. This, respectively, includes rainwater and all types of industrial and residential wastewater. This system is by far the most common in our country, because... it is the simplest to design and requires less money to build, modernize and maintain it in the required condition. The disadvantages of the system may be that the wastewater is not sufficiently purified before being discharged into the reservoir, because... the number of pollutants is very diverse.

A complete separate system consists of several separate piping networks, each of which is used to transport a specific type of wastewater and supply it to a suitable treatment system. Also, with this type of wastewater disposal, it is possible to reuse water, for example, a rainwater drainage system, after undergoing a certain cleaning, can be brought to production facilities and, on occasion, use such water instead of clean water.

An incomplete separate system has only a separate sewerage network for the removal of industrial and household waste. Rainwater drainage occurs along the surface, i.e. through ditches, channels, etc. This system is used only in sparsely populated areas, because the arrangement of sewage canals in large populated areas is often complicated by the already created network of highways, although even in this case, storm canals are currently being built on the sides when modernizing roads and highways.

A semi-separate drainage system can be distinguished by the following feature: it has two water drainage networks, industrial and domestic and rainwater. These networks can intersect with each other and are equipped with separation chambers. Depending on the load on the first or second network, these chambers can open and close, thus redirecting the flow of wastewater. The disadvantage of the system is the complexity of its management. In any case, opening and closing the separation chambers takes time, and the weather forecast is not always correct, so it is difficult to open or close the necessary chambers in advance.

A combined system is a sewerage network in which both combined and separate systems can be located in its various parts. This happens most often during the reconstruction and completion of sewerage systems as a result of an increase in settlement or the opening of new enterprises. In other words, in the old part of the settlement there will be a common network, and in the new part it will be separate. It is also possible that the general alloy network is left for industrial or domestic needs, and in parallel a new network is built, for example a rainwater network.

Each of the listed drainage systems has pros and cons, therefore, when designing a sewerage network, one must strive to ensure the most favorable sanitary condition of the settlement from which water will be diverted and the reservoir into which the discharge is made, and also try to determine the minimum funds spent on construction and maintenance of this system.

Figure 1.2 shows a schematic water supply and sanitation system, which clearly shows the cycle of used water resources using the example of a residential building.

Figure 1.2 - Scheme of water supply and sanitation of a residential building

But despite the presence of several types and subtypes of drainage systems, it is worth noting that all of them use compressor and pumping units and stations. They can be of different types and designs, but any of them requires a person who will monitor the correct and uninterrupted operation of the unit, as well as adjust various parameters.

Thus, the profession of a compressor unit operator is in great demand in the labor market today. Many enterprises and firms need highly qualified specialists in this field. The work of a compressor unit operator is an activity using the knowledge acquired during training about the design of piston compressors and turbocompressors, internal combustion engines, steam engines and electric motors, their technical characteristics and maintenance rules, turbo piping diagrams, the design of instrumentation, and the properties of gases.

Sometimes in the drainage industry it happens that a compressor installation operator performs the duties of a pumping station operator, if the qualifications and experience of the employee allow this. In this case, it is convenient to locate compressor and pumping units in the same building or workshop. In this case, the driver must additionally know not only the principles of operation of pumps of various designs and drives to them, but also communication diagrams, permissible loads on them during operation, methods for eliminating emerging problems and emergency situations, and also have certain knowledge of physical and chemical properties of pumped liquids, know the classification and brands of oils used for equipment.

In order to get a job as a compressor unit operator, it is not necessary to have a higher professional education in this specialty. To work in this chosen profession, it is enough to have a diploma of secondary vocational education obtained from a college or technical school, or, for example, it is enough to complete special training courses.

1.3 Dangerous and harmful production factors in the workplace of a compressor unit operator

According to the regulatory document “Rules for labor protection during the operation of municipal water supply and sewerage facilities” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Land Construction of the Russian Federation dated September 22, 1998 N 93):

“When operating water supply and sewerage facilities and networks, it is necessary to take into account the presence and possibility of exposure to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:

Moving elements of equipment (pumping, power, mechanized screens, winches, scrapers, sprinklers, mechanical mixers and other mechanisms);

Flying objects (when crushing waste removed from grates in crushers), flying parts (when knocking out plugs in tested pipelines, when processing and chipping concrete pipes and fittings, etc.);

Falling objects and tools (when working in water supply and sewer wells, wastewater treatment plants and networks, indoors, etc.);

Formation of explosive mixtures of gases (in wells, chambers on networks, in digester rooms and in other rooms and structures);

A dangerous level of voltage in an electrical circuit, the circuit of which can pass through the human body;

Reduced air temperature in production premises and structures;

Increased air humidity (in pumping stations, in filter rooms, settling tanks, etc.);

Increased levels of ultraviolet (bactericidal installations) and infrared (deworming agents) radiation;

Increased noise and vibration levels (in machine rooms of pumping and blowing stations and other rooms and structures where technological equipment is installed);

Insufficient illumination of the working area (in wells, chambers, channels, etc.);

Gaseous substances of general toxicity and other harmful effects in wells, chambers, canals, treatment plants (hydrogen sulfide, methane, gasoline vapor, ether, carbon dioxide, ozone, etc.);

Gases released as a result of leakage from cylinders, barrels, tanks (ammonia, chlorine and other compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases);

Combustible impurities that get into wastewater (gasoline, oil, etc.), as well as dissolved gaseous substances that can form explosive mixtures in sewer networks and structures;

Increased dust content of the air in the working area with dust-forming reagents (aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, quicklime, soda, caustic soda, activated carbon, fluorine-containing reagents, etc.);

Mercury vapor (when working with devices filled with mercury);

Pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater and natural waters."

One of the workers involved in the operation of the water supply and sewerage system is the compressor unit operator. According to the “Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Work and Professions of Workers,” a compressor unit operator has 5 categories. Depending on the category, must service stationary compressors and turbochargers, start, regulate and stop compressors, monitor the operation of compressors and auxiliary equipment, lubricate the rubbing parts of compressor mechanisms, prevent and eliminate malfunctions in the operation of compressors, monitor the operation of their safety devices, service drive motors , maintain the required operating parameters of compressors, identify and prevent abnormalities in the operation of the compressor station, maintain reporting and technical documentation on the operation of serviced compressors, machines and mechanisms, participate in the repair of compressor station equipment.

Also, the compressor unit operator must know the operating principle of piston compressors, turbocompressors, steam engines and electric motors; methods for preventing and troubleshooting problems in the operation of compressors and engines; purpose and methods of application of instrumentation and control automation; compressor station piping diagrams; operating pressure in degrees and corresponding air temperature; permissible heating temperature of components of serviced units, measures to prevent and eliminate overheating; types and brands of oils used to lubricate mechanisms.

Analyzing the duties and normal working environment of a compressor unit operator, several points can be identified from the list of dangerous and harmful production factors for water supply and sewerage workers. First of all, we can note such a common thing as a dangerous voltage level in an electrical circuit. This dangerous factor is encountered in most modern professions. Electric current has long become an integral part of our lives; it is difficult to imagine the modern world without it. But, unfortunately, despite the long-known and well-established rules for handling electric current and electrical devices, electrical injuries often occur in many enterprises.

Electrical injuries are characterized by the following features: the body’s protective reaction appears only after a person comes under voltage, that is, when the electric current is already flowing through his body; electric current acts not only at places of contact with the human body and on the path through the body, but also causes a reflex action, manifested in disruption of the normal activity of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, breathing, and so on. A person can receive an electrical injury either through direct contact with live parts, as well as when affected by touch or step voltage, through an electric arc. There are several causes of electric shock to a person: touching non-insulated live parts; to metal parts of equipment that are energized due to insulation damage; to non-metallic objects that are energized; shock voltage step and through the arc.

Electric current flowing through the human body affects it thermally, electrolytically and biologically. Thermal action is characterized by heating of tissues, up to burns; electrolytic - decomposition of organic liquids, including blood; the biological effect of electric current is manifested in disruption of bioelectric processes and is accompanied by irritation and excitation of living tissues and muscle contraction.

There are two types of electric shock to the body: electrical injuries and electrical shocks. Electrical injuries are local damage to tissues and organs: electrical burns, electrical marks and electroplating of the skin. Electrical injuries also include mechanical damage as a result of involuntary convulsive contractions of muscles during the flow of current (ruptures of the skin, blood vessels and nerves, dislocations of joints, bone fractures), as well as electroophthalmia - inflammation of the eyes as a result of the action of ultraviolet rays of an electric arc. An electric shock is the stimulation of living tissues by electric current, accompanied by involuntary convulsive muscle contractions. Based on the outcome, electric shocks are conventionally divided into five groups: without loss of consciousness; with loss of consciousness, but without disturbances of cardiac activity and breathing; with loss of consciousness and disturbances in cardiac activity or breathing; clinical death and electric shock.

The outcome of an electric shock also depends on the duration of the current flowing through the person. As the length of time a person remains under voltage increases, this danger increases. The individual characteristics of the human body significantly influence the outcome of damage due to electrical injuries. For example, a non-releasing current for some people may be a threshold current for others. The nature of the action of a current of the same force depends on the mass of a person and his physical development. It has been established that for women the threshold current values are approximately 1.5 times lower than for men.

The degree of action of the current depends on the state of the nervous system and the whole organism. Thus, in a state of nervous system excitement, depression, illness (especially diseases of the skin, cardiovascular system, nervous system, etc.) and intoxication, people are more sensitive to the current flowing through them. The “attention factor” also plays a significant role. If a person is prepared for an electric shock, then the degree of danger is sharply reduced, while an unexpected shock leads to more severe consequences.

The path of current through the human body significantly influences the outcome of the injury. The danger of injury is especially great if the current, passing through vital organs - the heart, lungs, brain - acts directly on these organs. If the current does not pass through these organs, then its effect on them is only reflexive and the likelihood of damage is less. The most common current paths through a person, the so-called “current loops,” have been established. In most cases, the current circuit through a person occurs along the path from the right arm to the legs. However, loss of ability to work for more than three working days is caused by the flow of current along the hand-arm path - 40%, the current path right hand-legs - 20%, left hand-legs - 17%, other paths are less common.

There are individual and general means of protection against electric shock. Personal protective equipment includes rubber dielectric gloves, galoshes, mats, insulating stands, installation tools with wooden handles, etc. General means of protection against electric shock include protective grounding, grounding and disconnection.

Protective grounding creates reliable electrical contact between electrical equipment and the ground. Protective grounding is used instead of protective grounding in electrical systems with voltages up to 1000 V, in networks with a grounding neutral.

Protective grounding is a connection of the electrical equipment housing with repeated grounding with a neutral wire. If the insulation is damaged, the electrical equipment body becomes energized. As a result of the breakdown, a short circuit occurs between the phase and neutral wires. The fuse carries a lot of current, which can cause the fuse to blow or trip the circuit breaker. The equipment will be turned off and it will be safe to touch it.

Protective shutdown is the most advanced method of protection, which successfully operates at any voltage in the network. When electrical equipment is short-circuited to the housing, a special automatic installation is triggered, in which, when voltage appears at the terminals of the electromagnetic coil, the switches are instantly activated. This is how the damaged section of the circuit is disconnected.

It is also worth noting that at enterprises, before allowing an employee, in our case a compressor unit operator, to enter the workplace, he must undergo electrical safety training and sign in the appropriate log. Electrical safety instructions for non-electrical personnel of the Eletsvodokanal Municipal Unitary Enterprise are given in the third chapter.

The following dangerous and harmful production factors will be present among those drivers of compressor installations who, as noted in the previous paragraph, temporarily due to the illness of one driver or on a permanent basis, if qualifications allow, also combine the duties of a driver of pumping installations. These include the danger of moving elements of pumping equipment and high air humidity in the pumping station premises.

In the first case, the driver may be threatened by moving elements of the mechanisms. To avoid injury, all mechanisms must have a strong metal fence that reliably blocks access from all sides to moving parts. Open the doors of the guards or remove the guards after the equipment or mechanism has completely stopped. Start-up of the equipment is permitted only after all removable parts of the fence have been installed and securely secured. Figure 1.4 shows protective covers on pumping equipment. They are specially painted red, as this attracts attention and indicates the presence of danger in a certain part of the unit. The white arrow on the red paint shows the direction in which the casing opens to access the mechanism. Opposite each pump there is a control panel on the wall, on which you can temporarily turn off the unit for maintenance, such as lubricating parts, checking bearings, etc., and after carrying out all the necessary action to start again.

In the second case, due to the presence of pumping equipment continuously pumping liquid 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, there may be high humidity in the pumping shop premises. This is fraught for two reasons. Firstly, it is dangerous for a person’s well-being and health. In air excessively saturated with water vapor, the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the skin and lungs is difficult, which can sharply worsen the condition and reduce a person’s performance. When the temperature in the production room is 26° C and above and the work is moderate to heavy, sweat evaporation plays an important role in the heat transfer of the body. It is the evaporation of sweat, because sweat that just flows from the body does not bring relief to the body and does not take away heat from it.

The first signs of excess heat: a feeling of stuffiness and heaviness, deterioration of well-being, decreased performance. A person's constant presence in rooms with high humidity leads to a decrease in the body's resistance to infectious and colds, as well as to more serious consequences: kidney disease, tuberculosis, rheumatism, etc. Not only the human body suffers from high humidity, but also the interior of the premises. In damp places, fungus and mold develop, releasing large amounts of spores into the indoor atmosphere, contaminating the air we breathe. The danger of high humidity is the slow speed of reactions. For many years, you may not notice the causes of deterioration in health, well-being and the appearance of various diseases.

The second reason for the danger of high room humidity is the same electric current. High humidity in the surrounding air, combined with electrical equipment around the area, is very dangerous. So poorly insulated parts with dangerous voltage can cause electrical injury even without directly touching them; just walking up or putting your hand up can cause an electric shock. Figure 1.4 shows the grounding cables coming from each pump. Their condition, or rather the external state of their isolation, is the first thing the operator of a compressor or pumping unit should pay attention to during an external inspection of pumping equipment, and he should pay attention to them even before he directly approaches them.

Now let's move on to the main harmful factor in the profession of a compressor unit operator. Compressor units today are one of those types of equipment in enterprises that produce noise and vibration. Compressor installations in public utilities mainly belong to the so-called equipment with a continuous operating cycle. The main operating units stop only when maintenance occurs on a specific compressor unit, for example, changing the oil or replacing any worn parts, as well as when the compressor unit breaks down, or when electrical networks are being serviced on any line. During this period of time, spare compressor units are always started. Pumping units also produce noise and vibration. Collectively, noise from all installations can reach levels that are harmful to hearing.

Vibration and noise are mechanical vibrations that propagate in gaseous and solid media. They differ from each other in oscillation frequency. Mechanical vibrations that move through dense media with an oscillation frequency of up to 16 Hz are perceived by humans as a shock, which is commonly called vibration. Oscillatory movements transmitted through air with a frequency from 20 to 16,000 Hz are perceived by the organ of hearing as sound. Oscillatory movements above 16,000 Hz are considered ultrasound and are not perceived by the human senses.

To measure the characteristics of noise and vibration in production, there are special instruments - sound level meters, noise frequency analyzers and vibrographs. Until recently, it was generally accepted that noise had a negative effect only on the hearing organs. It has now been established that people who work in noisy conditions get tired more quickly and complain of headaches. When exposed to noise on the body, a number of functional changes can occur in various internal organs and systems: blood pressure increases, the heart rate increases or slows down, and various diseases of the nervous system can occur (neurasthenia, neuroses, sensitivity disorders). Intense noise has a negative effect on the entire human body. Attention weakens and labor productivity decreases. Vibration, like noise, has a harmful effect on the body and primarily causes a disease of the peripheral nervous system, the so-called vibration disease.

Analyzing various sources of information, we can identify several main measures to combat vibration and noise:

Replacing noisy processes with silent or less noisy ones, or upgrading already installed equipment;

Covering sources of noise and vibration, i.e. installing protective screens, etc.;

Removing workers from exposure to noise and vibration, for example, installing a sound- and vibration-proof operator cabin;

Use of personal protective equipment such as ear protection, earplugs, etc.

In our case, at the compressor unit driver’s workplace, the last two measures from this list can be applied. First of all, in case of increased noise levels, the driver must use personal protective equipment. Depending on the amount of time spent in an area of increased noise, and the actual amount of excess of the maximum permissible level, these can be either simple earbuds or headphones, or more complex and expensive headsets.

Secondly, a plumbing and sewerage worker servicing compressor and pumping installations can install a soundproof cabin or room. Here you can display equipment control panels and a monitor for monitoring units. This will minimize the driver’s stay in a noisy area, for example, if before the installation of such a cabin the driver was required to walk around and inspect the equipment every hour, now two to three walk-throughs per shift are sufficient.

Further in our work, we will look at what harmful and dangerous production factors exist at a specific MUP enterprise: a compressor unit operator who combines the duties of a pumping unit operator. Afterwards we will present specific measures to improve working conditions and analyze their effectiveness and economic benefits.

CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTERPRISE

2.1 Description of the structural unit "" and the workplace of the compressor unit operator

The purpose of sewerage is to improve populated areas, residential, public, and industrial buildings, to provide the necessary sanitary conditions and a high level of amenities for work, life and recreation of the population. Sewerage is a set of equipment for networks and structures designed for organized reception and removal through pipelines outside populated areas points or industrial enterprises of contaminated wastewater, as well as for purification and neutralization before disposal or discharge into a body of water.

CHAPTER 3. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AT THE WORKPLACE OF THE COMPRESSOR UNIT OPERATOR OF MUP ""

3.1 General provisions of the compressor installation operator’s production instructions

The operator of a compressor unit at a city wastewater treatment plant (STP) belongs to the category of workers and reports to the foreman, the technologist at the STP.

The operator of the GOS compressor unit is hired and dismissed from work by order of the director of the enterprise in the manner established by the current labor legislation of the Russian Federation.

During the period of temporary absence of the compressor unit operator (vacation, illness, etc.), he is replaced by another worker by order of the director of the enterprise.

Persons at least 18 years of age are allowed to work after:

Passing a preliminary medical examination;

Introductory training on labor protection;

Initial training on labor protection in the workplace;

Training and internship according to the type of work performed;

Testing knowledge, labor protection requirements by an examination committee and obtaining a certificate for the right to work independently.

During. production activities periodically undergoes medical examinations, training and instructions, testing of knowledge on labor protection.

The work of the compressor unit operator is carried out in shifts, according to the approved schedule.

A 3rd category GOS compressor unit operator must know:

Fundamentals of electrical engineering, thermodynamics, hydraulics and mechanics;

Properties of gases manifested during compressor operation;

Rules for operation and repair of serviced equipment;

Design and design features of various types of auxiliary mechanisms, instrumentation;

Diagram of pressure pipelines for process water;

The principle of operation of centrifugal, piston pumps and other equipment of pumping units;

Physical and chemical properties of water;

Characteristics of pumps and drives for them;

Permissible pump loads during operation;

Communication diagrams of pumping units, location of shut-off valves and safety devices;

Rules for maintenance and switching of pipelines;

Types and brands of oils used;

Lubrication system of installations;

Operating principle of the electrical equipment being serviced;

Methods for troubleshooting equipment and eliminating accidents;

Purpose and use of instrumentation;

Labor protection, safety, industrial sanitation and fire safety rules.

3.2 Labor protection instructions for the compressor unit operator

3.2.1 General safety requirements

Persons who are at least 18 years old are allowed to work as a compressor unit operator and who, upon entering the job, have undergone introductory instruction on labor protection, initial instruction on labor protection in the workplace, a medical examination and on-the-job training. Subsequently, workplace safety briefings are repeated every 3 months. Within no later than 3 months from the date of employment, the driver must undergo training and pass exams on knowledge of labor protection requirements. Subsequently, training and examinations are carried out annually.

The driver must work in special clothing and, if necessary, protective equipment. Workwear is issued in accordance with the Standard Industry Standards for the free issuance of workwear. Turn on and off units wearing dielectric gloves, standing on a dielectric mat.

List of dangerous and harmful production factors:

Moving elements of equipment (pumping, power, mechanized screens, winches, scrapers, sprinklers, mechanical mixers and other mechanisms);

Falling objects and tools (during work at wastewater treatment plants and networks, indoors, etc.);

Formation of explosive mixtures of gases (in wells, chambers on networks, pumping stations, and in other rooms and structures);

A dangerous level of voltage in an electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;

Reduced air temperature in production premises and structures;

Increased air humidity;

Increased noise and vibration levels (in machine rooms of pumping and blowing stations and in other rooms and structures where technological equipment is installed);

Pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater and natural waters (bacteria, viruses, protozoa);

Helminth eggs in wastewater.

The driver must know the design of the compressor unit and strictly follow the rules of its operation.

The driver must know the design and rules of technical operation of control devices, know the location of pipelines and valves on them within the building and areas of the compressor station.

Immediately report any detected malfunctions to the head of the treatment facility or the foreman.

The driver is prohibited from leaving work without completing his shift.

Smoking at the station is permitted only in designated areas.

Store cleaning materials in metal boxes with a lid.

The driver must be able to provide first aid to a victim in an accident.

3a violation of the requirements of these instructions, the driver is liable in the manner prescribed by law.

3.2.2 Safety requirements before starting work

Wear special clothing.

Check the availability and serviceability of tools, equipment, fire-fighting equipment, working and emergency lighting, personal protective equipment, communication and alarm equipment.

Find out from the person handing over the shift about the condition of the work equipment.

Check the serviceability of the equipment by personally inspecting each compressor and electric motor, checking the heating of the bearings, the presence of lubrication in them, the serviceability of measuring instruments and shut-off valves.

Check the presence and serviceability of fences, protective devices and grounding.

3.2.3 Safety requirements during operation

Before starting the compressor, check the opening of the valves and gate valves on the outlet air duct.

All work on the equipment should be carried out with it completely turned off and in strict accordance with the instructions.

Constantly check the heating of bearings and electric motors and monitor the presence of grease in the bearings.

Monitor the normal operation of equipment and exhaust ventilation, as well as control devices. Do not allow deviations in the operating modes of the equipment from those specified in the operating instructions.

The driver has the right to make an emergency stop of the unit without prior notification to the administration in the following cases:

In case of strong vibration of the unit, threatening its integrity;

If any part of the unit breaks down;

In case of an accident;

In the event of a fire;

If the lubrication system malfunctions;

When the bearings become unacceptably heated;

When abnormal noise occurs in the unit.

3.2.4 Safety requirements in an emergency

In the event of an emergency (accident, fire, station flooding, etc.), the driver is obliged to:

De-energize the equipment;

Report the incident to the duty dispatcher or your immediate supervisor;

If necessary, call the fire department (t. 01), emergency medical care (t. 03);

Provide first aid to the victims;

Start eliminating the emergency using your own resources.

3.2.5 Safety requirements after completion of work

Put the tools, devices and protective equipment used in order and put them in the place intended for them.

Clean up your work area and clean your work clothes from dirt.

Before eating, wash your hands with soap and take a shower after finishing work. It is necessary to wash workwear periodically.

3.3 Occupational safety instructions on electrical safety for non-electrical personnel

3.3.1 General safety provisions

Electrical equipment can be serviced by a person who is at least 18 years of age and who, upon entering the job, has undergone introductory instruction on labor protection, initial instruction at the workplace, a medical examination and internship in the profession at the workplace.

Workers who have mastered the requirements of these instructions on electrical safety related to their work activities are assigned group 1 with registration in a journal in the prescribed form.

Perform only the work that is assigned by the supervisor at the workplace (foreman, site manager, pumping station manager, etc.), provided that you know the safe ways to perform it.

Know the meaning of signs and posters, warnings, prohibitions, orders, instructions, as well as sound and light alarms operating at the facility.

Do not obstruct the approaches to electrical installations, starters, switches and other switching equipment.

Do not touch broken electrical wires or electrical wires with damaged electrical insulation.

Do not open, turn on or touch electrical devices and electrical equipment with your hands or objects unless servicing them is your direct responsibility.

It is prohibited to step on cables, electric welding wires, or allow vehicles to run over them.

Do not look at the electric arc with unprotected eyes when welding, as this can lead to eye disease.

Do not follow orders if they contradict safety rules and their implementation may lead to an accident.

If you notice a violation of safety rules by other workers or a danger to others, do not remain indifferent, warn the worker and the foreman about the need to comply with the requirements that guarantee safety.

Maintain cleanliness in the workplace, production and household premises, and on the territory of the enterprise. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.

Know the rules of providing first aid to victims and be able to apply them if necessary.

For violation of the requirements of this instruction, non-electrical personnel bear responsibility established by law.

3.3.2 Safety requirements before starting work

Before starting work, the employee must review:

Availability of grounding and its connecting contacts;

Availability of dielectric mats near electrical equipment;

The presence of casings on rotating parts of equipment;

Condition of cabinets, assemblies, etc. (doors must be locked);

Condition of dielectric gloves;

In the workplace logs there are additional instructions on the procedure for carrying out work.

The condition of electrical equipment should be noted in work logs at the workplace.

Make sure fire extinguishing equipment and first aid are ready in case of accidents.

3.3.3 Safety requirements during operation

Do not go beyond the fences and comply with the requirements of signs and safety posters posted by electrical personnel.

It is prohibited to remove or move fences, signs, and posters without permission.

Make sure that the switching and switching devices, alarms and locks are in good working order.

Check the serviceability of lighting devices, electrical wiring, lamps and lamps. Adjust local lighting so that the work area is illuminated and the light does not blind the eyes.

Do not touch broken wires, as well as exposed live parts of electrical installations (terminals, busbars, etc.). Touching two wires is especially dangerous.

During work, non-electrical personnel must perform work related only to their direct production activities.

If a ground fault is detected, it is prohibited to approach the fault location within a distance of less than 4-5 meters in closed electrical installations and less than 8-10 meters in open electrical installations.

3.3.4 Safety requirements in an emergency

If a malfunction is detected in electrical installations (sparking, flash, violation of the insulation of wires, cables, etc.), as well as live parts left unprotected, you must inform your supervisor.

It is necessary to immediately turn off electrical equipment in the following cases:

Breakdown of any of the parts, when a malfunction in the operation of mechanisms or electrical equipment is detected;

An accident involving any of the service personnel;

Fire in the work area.

Having noticed a fire, you must immediately notify the water utility dispatcher, call the fire department and begin extinguishing the fire using the available primary fire extinguishing equipment.

To extinguish fires in electrical installations, it is first necessary to use carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. We should also not forget the simplest fire extinguishing agents, such as dry sand, asbestos or coarse wool fabric, which, when thrown onto a fire, can quickly extinguish the flame.

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