Where and why are the enterprises of the connected complex located. Forest complex of Russia. Woodworking industry of the Russian Federation
Forest resources and their importance.
Russia accounts for 22% of the world's forest resources - 770 million hectares - 45% of the entire territory of the country. Timber reserves - 82 billion m 3, which exceeds the total reserves of the United States and Canada by 3.5 times. Forests are distributed unevenly throughout the country. In the western zone (European north), 30% of the area covered by forest is concentrated. In the eastern zone (Northern Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East) - 70% of the territory is covered with forest - these are territories with the exception of tundra and forest tundra. Mature wood is 50%. In general, the eastern macroregion contains 75% of timber reserves. (see tab. 34 Dronov, p. 151).
The density of forest resources is inversely proportional to the density of population (see Figure 49 Dronov, p152). In some areas, forest cover (the share of the area occupied by forest vegetation in relation to the entire area) is 2/3 of the territory - these are the Irkutsk region, the Komi Republic, Primorsky Krai, the Arkhangelsk region. But there are areas completely treeless - the Astrakhan region.
In the eastern regions, coniferous species predominate (cedar, fir, larch, less spruce and pine). In the European part - spruce, pine, which are of the greatest value for construction, as well as deciduous forests (more than in the east).
Areas of the European part of the country are intensively exploited. In the future, the exploitation of the eastern part will increase more and more.
The forest is used in many sectors of the economy: in construction (in the form of a fastening forest, for finishing), in the mining industry (in the form of mining racks), in furniture production, in the chemical industry, in the production of cellulose, paper, cardboard, for the production of containers. The forest is a recreation center, a hunting base, a source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal herbs.
Timber industry. - one of the oldest industries producing structural materials and consisting of the following interrelated industries, which differ from each other in production technology, the purpose of the products, but use the same raw materials:
logging, felling, trailing (delivery to the consumer)
mechanical processing - includes sawmilling, production of plywood, lumber, furniture, matches, parquet, etc.
wood chemistry includes the production of cellulose, paper, and other products.
the pulp and paper industry occupies an intermediate position, where chemical technologies are combined with mechanical processing, and includes the production of cellulose, rosin, wood alcohol, fodder yeast.
logging . From a seasonal industry, it has turned into an industrial production sector with permanent, qualified personnel and high-quality equipment. This industry belongs to the mining industry. The bulk of logging falls on the forest surplus areas of the European North, the northern Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East, except for the tundra and forest tundra. But the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the north-east of Russia are far from the consumer - there is no wood harvested there. In Krasnoyarsk - an exception - the zones along the rivers and south.
The main forest-forming species is larch, the processing of which is always difficult. The greatest load falls on the European north, south of Siberia and the Far East.
The first place in timber harvesting is occupied by the European North (Republic of Komi and Karelia, Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions) - more than 20%. There is an extensive network of rivers, logging roads (Kotlos - Vorkuta, Vologda - Arkhangelsk, Petrozavodsk - Murmansk), timber export port - Arkhangelsk. The important role of this area was predetermined by the main consumers - the Center, the Volga region.
The second place is occupied by the East Siberian region (south of the Irkutsk region, Krasnoyarsk Territory). Part of the forest is rafted along the Yenisei to the port of Igarka, and most of it is rafted along the Trans-Siberian Railway to the European part.
The third place is occupied by the Urals (Sverdlovsk and Perm regions) - 18%.
These 3 regions harvest 60% of Russia's timber. Recently there has been a shift to the east in the location of logging, which increases the haul distance, which has increased from 750 to 1700 km and is the highest among the bulk transports by rail in the world.
sawmilling - the main consumer of industrial wood at the stage of logging, from which wood makes up 25% (boughs, bark, needles) in sawmilling - sawdust, shavings, pinkies, slats (they increase to 40%).
Sawmilling centers are located not only in logging areas (Arkhangelsk, Lesosibirsk on the Yenisei), but also in the sparsely forested Volga region (Samara, Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan). A huge mass of roundwood is transported by rail.
Sawmilling serves as the basis for the subsequent processing of raw materials. In close connection with it, standard housing construction, the production of furniture, DRSP, plywood, and matches were widely developed. Enterprises for the mechanical processing of wood have historically been concentrated in the center of Russia (Center, Central Black Earth Region, Volga Region), which now produce most of the sawn timber using imported raw materials. The location of industries for the mechanical processing of wood should take into account such features of the forest industry as high specific consumption of raw materials for the manufacture of products (1 ton of wood pulp - 3 m 3), and waste at the stages of logging and sawmilling. With such specifics, it is necessary to bring production closer to the sources of raw materials.
In the areas of distribution of raw materials, enterprises for the mechanical processing of wood are located as follows:
at the places of intersection or approach of the railway to the rafting tracks (Omsk, Kotlas, Novosibirsk), where raw materials are delivered by river, and finished products are delivered by railway;
in the lower reaches or mouths of large raftable rivers with access to the sea (Arkhangelsk, Mezen, Naryan-Mar, Igarka);
on forest roads.
For furniture production beech, oak and other valuable wood species are used. Transportation of furniture is more expensive than transportation of wood, and its production requires a highly skilled workforce. As a rule, the production of furniture is located at the consumer.
Match production satisfies the needs of the population - there is one factory for each district. The raw material for the production of matches is aspen. Centers: Kaluga, Rybinsk, Kirov, Tomsk, Blagoveshchensk
Plywood production(from birch) and parquet(made of oak and beech) is located in areas rich in mixed forests.
Placement factors :
fuel and energy
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Illustration:
The Russian Federation is the world leader in terms of forest reserves, it owns twenty-two percent of the world's forest reserves. Wood reserves in our country amount to more than eighty billion cubic meters, more than forty billion cubic meters are suitable for use.
Timber industry of the Russian Federation
The industrial sector, whose enterprises are engaged in the harvesting and processing of wood, is called the forest industry or the forestry complex. It is one of the oldest industrial branches and has a complex structure. Each part of this structure is responsible for one of the stages of processing raw materials from wood.
The structure of the timber industry is as follows:
- The logging industry, which includes logging, cutting wood (extracting resin and harvesting stump resin), rafting logs, transferring wood from one type of transport to another, using non-valuable tree species and waste (sawmill, sawing sleepers, making chips, boards for containers). It is the largest timber industry in the world.
- Woodworking industry.
- The pulp and paper industry mechanically and chemically processes wood raw materials.
- The wood chemical industry processes raw materials from wood in a dry way, is engaged in charcoal burning, the creation of rosin and turpentine. This industry includes the manufacture of varnish, ether, plastic, non-natural fibers, hydrolysis (creation of ethyl, tar, turpentine from waste in the manufacture of pulp and paper products).
The forestry and woodworking industry in Russia is conditionally divided into the following groups:
- creation of lumber and furniture items (machining);
- wood chemical industry and the creation of pulp and paper products (chemical processing).
Industrial enterprises related to the forestry and woodworking industry are engaged in:
- harvesting wood material;
- processing of wood material;
- wood-chemical industrial processing of forest raw materials;
- production of pulp and paper products.
These factories and factories produce roundwood, boards, various wooden items, wood chemicals and paper.
Conditions for the distribution of enterprises that belong to the forest industry
To locate businesses related to the timber industry, the following conditions must be taken into account:
- so that the raw material base is located close;
- there must be sources of energy supply and water sources near the enterprise;
- availability of transport and transport roads is necessary;
- it is better to create forest products in close proximity to its consumer;
- create jobs.
On the territory of our state, coniferous trees predominate; they are more valuable for industry than trees with leaves. Our forests grow unevenly geographically. Most of the forests are in several regions: in the Northern, Ural, Volga-Vyatka, Far Eastern and Siberian regions.
This industry consumes a lot of wood raw materials and a large amount of waste remains. Twenty percent of the waste comes from the timber harvesting stage, and from forty percent to seventy percent of the waste remains as a result of the processing of raw wood.
The most important condition for the location of industrial enterprises for the processing of wood is the availability of raw materials from wood. Therefore, all processes for the harvesting and subsequent processing of "business" wood are carried out in those regions of Russia where there are many natural forests. The northern, Siberian, Ural and Far Eastern territories of the country provide four-fifths of all industrial wood.
Sawmills and other wood processing (production of parts for construction needs, plywood, matches, furniture) can be located both in those places where timber is harvested, and in places where there are no forests (already cut trees are brought there). Basically, enterprises for sawing wood and its processing are located near rivers (lower reaches and mouths) and places where rivers, along which logs are rafted, cross railroads.
Most lumber is produced in Siberia (its eastern and western parts, namely: in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, the Tomsk Region and the Tyumen Region), the North (in the Komi Republic and the Arkhangelsk Region), the Urals (in the Udmurt Republic, the Sverdlovsk Region, Perm Region), the Far East (Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory), in the Kirov Region, in the Nizhny Novgorod Region.
Woodworking industry of the Russian Federation
This industry performs mechanical, chemical-mechanical processing of wood.
It includes several industries:
- sawmill (creation of sleepers and lumber);
- making houses from wood;
- production of wooden parts for construction;
- production of wood-based boards (blocks for doors and windows, parquet boards, wood fiber boards, wood chip boards, carpentry products);
- production of containers from wood;
- production of plywood, including parts that are glued and bent, as well as veneer;
- making matches;
- furniture manufacturing;
- production of other wood products (wood flour, skis, greenhouse frames).
Problems of the forest industry
Today there is a crisis in the timber industry. Although Russia is the first in the world in terms of forest resources, the woodworking, timber and pulp and paper industries account for only a little more than three percent of the total production. This is due to a decrease in demand for such products in the domestic market of Russia. The market of the Commonwealth of Independent States is also in decline, due to which the purchases of forest materials and pulp and paper products in the Russian Federation have decreased. This branch of industry in Russia has become dependent on the external market. But in recent years, we have begun to export more "business" wood, cardboard, paper, and plywood to other countries. Seventy-one percent of the forest products of the Russian Federation are exported.
Forest reserves are affected by excessive human activities and emergency situations (fires). Unauthorized felling of trees is the main problem for the development of the forest industry in our country. There is currently no clear forest policy. To prevent such cuttings, it is necessary to eliminate the social disorder of the inhabitants of the regions where they are engaged in harvesting and processing wood (increasing the number of jobs, opening new enterprises, using alternative energy sources).
Another problem was to reduce the loss of raw materials during the harvesting and processing of wood. Wood raw materials should be used rationally (reduce wood waste and losses due to untimely or improper transportation, effectively use wood waste).
It should be remembered that woodworking plants and factories pollute the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect the environment (use treatment facilities, improve production technologies and upgrade equipment).
Directions in which it is necessary to develop the timber industry
In order to save raw materials from wood and increase forest reserves, the forest industry must develop in several directions:
- apply non-waste technologies;
- reduce the loss of raw materials from wood during its harvesting and alloying;
- reduce the consumption of wood for the manufacture of sleepers by replacing them with reinforced concrete sleepers and increasing the service life of wood sleepers;
- change wooden containers to plastic containers;
- use coniferous raw materials exclusively for their intended purpose;
- restore forest land;
- protect the forest from fires and unauthorized felling;
- to develop an optimal model of wood resource management;
- improve legislation for the protection of forest lands.
Thus, it can be concluded that in the Russian Federation the forestry and woodworking industries are mainly concentrated in Siberia, the Urals, the North and the Far East. We provide ourselves with sawmill materials, cardboard, paper and plywood. And in order to continue to satisfy our needs for products made from wood raw materials, we need to restore forest areas and minimize environmental pollution during the processing of wood.
1. Wood is a versatile raw material. How was wood used in the economy in different historical periods?
In our northern country, wood has long been used not only for buildings, but also for heating, and in everyday life, and as a material for folk art. Later, wood began to be used in many industries, primarily as a raw material for the chemical industry. In modern times, the chemical processing of wood makes it possible to dispose of sawdust and woodworking waste: sawdust, shavings, chips. Ethyl alcohol, glycerin, turpentine, tar and other products can be obtained from this cheap raw material.
2. Choose the correct answer. The structure of the timber industry complex includes: a) wood chemistry and metallurgy; b) woodworking and wood chemistry; c) woodworking and mining industry.
The correct answer is b) woodworking and wood chemistry.
3. Where and why are wood processing enterprises located?
Mechanical processing of wood is carried out both in the areas of logging and in areas of consumption.
The pulp and paper industry is characterized by high material consumption, large water capacity and significant energy intensity. This industry is most developed in the European North, which produces more than half of all pulp. The Arkhangelsk region stands out in particular, where three huge pulp and paper mills operate. In second place is the Irkutsk region, in the third place is the Republic of Komi.
Thus, timber processing is mainly concentrated in the same place as its harvesting. An additional location factor is water resources, so the largest pulp and paper mills are located on large rivers.
4. Name the main centers of the pulp and paper industry. Explain the features of their placement.
There are three huge pulp and paper mills in the Arkhangelsk region: in Arkhangelsk itself, in its suburb of Novodvinsk, and near Kotlas (Koryazhma). In the Irkutsk region, factories are located in Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk and Baikalsk. In the Komi Republic, factories are in Syktyvkar, in Karelia - in Segezha and Kondopoga. All settlements are provided with the necessary amount of raw materials and water resources.
5. What industries are most closely related to the forest industry? Why?
The timber industry complex consists of industries - logging (felling, skidding), woodworking (sawmilling, plywood, furniture, house building), wood chemical (rosin, hydrolysis), pulp and paper (cellulose, paper production), where the chemical processing of wood is combined with mechanical processing . The names of these industries reflect the three stages of production: timber harvesting, its mechanical processing and chemical processing.
6. What are the problems facing the timber industry? What do you think are possible ways to solve them?
Lumberjacks are far from managing forest resources in a prudent manner. In some forests, closer to the centers and highways, - "overcut", they are exhausted, and in others, in remote areas, the wood rots on the vine. A lot of wood deteriorates during the logging process. A lot of waste remains in the cutting areas, and along the timber transportation routes, and during sawmilling.
Another problem is the incomplete processing of wood raw materials. Russian exports are dominated by either just roundwood or a semi-finished product - pulp. Developed countries also export finished products several times higher in value.
In addition, the protection of forests from fires, pests and poachers remains a very acute problem.
7. Why do you think products made from solid natural wood are especially valued now?
Nowadays, they are valued due to the fact that they are durable, environmentally friendly and very beautiful.
8. What folk crafts related to the use of wood do you know? What areas are they in?
The village of Bogorodskoye (Moscow region, Sergiev Posad district). Sculptural carving. Specialization: wooden toy.
Villages: Abramtsevo, Kudrino, Akhtyrka and pos. Khotkovo. (Sergiev Posad district) Flat-relief carving. It originated at the end of the 19th century. Subject: plants and birds. Main product: box.
The city of Kirov is the main center. The industry originated in the early 19th century. Also in the city of Ufa (Bashkiria) Specialization: art products from burl and kapokorn, (growths on the trunks and roots of birch, walnut and elm. Main products: caskets, boxes, cigarette cases, watch cases
Veliky Ustyug (Vologda region), Semenov (Nizhny Novgorod region), Arkhangelsk, Tomsk regions and Yakutia: products from birch bark. Main products: baskets, caskets, tuesas, boxes, vessels for storing honey and sour cream. Birch bark is harvested at the turn of spring and summer.
Sergiev Posad. Painting on wood with burning. It originated in the late 19th century, early 20th century. Products: caskets and boxes depicting the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the cities of the "Golden Ring" of Russia.
Kirov, Sergiev Posad, Semenov, the village of Polkhov-Maidan: matryoshka.
The forest industry is one of the oldest branches of the national economy. Its significance is determined by the huge wood reserves in Russia (25% of the world reserves), the wide distribution of forests throughout the territory and the fact that in modern conditions there is practically no such area of the national economy where wood and its products are not used. For more than one hundred years, Russian timber has been supplied to the world market and has served as an important source of foreign exchange earnings.
What industries are included in the forest complex?
Almost 80% of commercial forests suitable for logging are located east of the Ural Mountains in the so-called forest surplus areas. However, they are not used enough due to the lack of transport routes and remoteness from the main consumers. A little more than 40% of the country's timber is harvested throughout the vast expanse of Siberia and the Far East, while in the European North alone, about 1/3.
In the European part of Russia, deforestation is carried out more intensively, which often leads to a catastrophic reduction in forest area in a number of regions. Unfortunately, reforestation work lags behind the pace of logging, and in some areas it has practically ceased altogether.
Rice. 21. The use of wood in everyday life and in the national economy
Can wood be replaced with other materials?
Who is the main consumer of timber?
The most capacious consumer of wood is the woodworking industry, which consists of a number of industries: sawmilling, the production of chipboard and fibreboard, plywood, prefabricated houses, furniture and matches.
The most important branch of the forest complex is the pulp and paper industry, which mainly produces pulp, paper and cardboard. Historically, paper production originated in the Central region, but at present, most paper is produced in the Northern, Ural and Volga-Vyatka regions. This industry is characterized by high material consumption, high water intensity and significant energy intensity. For the production of 1 ton of pulp, about 5 m3 of wood and up to 350 m of water are consumed. Pulp and paper mills produce a range of products from cellulose: artificial fiber, cellophane, varnishes, linoleum, and even gunpowder.
Chemical processing of wood allows you to recycle sawmill and woodworking waste: sawdust, shavings, chips. Ethyl alcohol, glycerin, turpentine, tar and other products can be obtained from this cheap raw material.
In general, the country's forest complex is characterized by a discrepancy in the distribution of forest resources, logging and wood processing.
Rice. 22. Forest complex
Where and why are large timber and pulp and paper industries located? Compare Figure 22 with the population density map.
In forest-rich regions of the country - in the North, Siberia and the Far East - timber industry complexes (TIC) have emerged, which are territorial combinations of all three stages of production: harvesting, mechanical processing and chemical processing of wood.
The enterprises located in the forestry complex have close production ties based on the joint use of raw materials, transport, and joint processing of waste.
What are the objectives of the development of the forest complex?
The most important task is a more complete use of forest resources (waste during logging and wood processing reaches 25-75%). In terms of the efficiency of the use of raw materials, our country lags behind economically developed countries. So, in Finland, 190 kg of paper and cardboard are obtained from 1 m 3 of harvested wood, in the USA - 135 kg, and in our country - 35 kg (most of the products of our forest complex exported are unprocessed wood and cellulose). A lot of waste remains in the cutting areas, along the transportation routes, which causes significant damage to the environment. Therefore, complex measures are needed for forest growing, harvesting and processing of forests.
No less important is to increase the productivity of forests and improve the methods of their restoration. First of all, this is needed in areas with long-term or intensive logging, where forest resources are most depleted.
findings
The forest complex combines a group of sectors of the national economy associated with the harvesting, mechanical and chemical processing of wood raw materials. There is a regular pattern in the location of the enterprises of the complex (common for many industries): each subsequent stage of wood processing is less and less tied to the raw material base. We cut wood not where it is the most, but where it is more convenient; sawmilling - not so much in logging sites, but at a distance from them; finally, the production of pulp and paper is even closer to the consumer or to export ports.
Questions and tasks
- Wood is a versatile raw material. How has the use of wood changed as the economy has evolved?
- Which industries are most closely associated with the forest industry and why?
- Show on the map the largest timber industry complexes. Evaluate their placement in terms of economic feasibility, ecology.
- Why do you think products made from solid natural wood are especially valued now?
- What folk crafts related to the use of wood do you know? In what regions of Russia do they develop?
Russia has the most significant forest reserves, almost a quarter of the world's.
The forests of our country are a colossal resource base.
Wherein used less than half of all wood waste, and in Siberia, that is, in the most “forest” region of our country, no more than 35% of wood raw materials.
The rest is simply thrown away without any attempt at disposal.
Remain unrecycled:
- tree greens;
- bark;
- sawdust;
- shavings.
Thus, the figures indicate the presence of business development opportunities in this industry.
In the recent past, sawmill waste was simply destroyed. A business built on the basis of wood waste processing is:
- promising;
- does not require significant investments;
- having an accessible organization of production.
Waste production in the woodworking and forestry industries are lumpy and soft waste:
- woodworking;
- plywood production;
- furniture production;
- sleepers;
- sawmilling.
They also include:
- branches;
- branches;
- tree greens;
- tops;
- roots;
The scope of wood waste is very extensive.
- Sawdust can be used in hydrolysis production, for the manufacture of gypsum sheets, for heating.
- From shavings it is possible to produce chipboard and cement chipboard, which are used in the construction of houses.
- From wood waste paper is made; they are also used in agriculture.
- Wood chips predominantly coniferous species is used for the production of building material that is unique in its characteristics.
Where to get wood waste inexpensively or for free
When using wood in any area, be it furniture production, construction, etc., wood waste can be between 35 and 50%.
Utilization of wood waste in cities is a serious problem. They are formed during the care of trees and during the sanitary felling of green spaces on the street, in parks, forest parks, squares. These wastes are low quality wood of medium size:
- branches;
- tops;
- edging of deciduous and coniferous species.
A significant problem in terms of disposal is sawn timber waste during the repair of premises and buildings, wooden products that have already gone out of use, furniture, and containers. A huge amount of wood waste is generated during sawmilling.
Under the condition of self-delivery, almost all types of wood waste can be obtained absolutely free of charge.
Cost-Effective Options for Using Sawdust
There are many ways to make money on wood waste, in particular, on sawdust. We list the main options, and below we will consider some of them in more detail:
- production of sawdust concrete. It is possible both at enterprises and privately;
- on livestock farms, sawdust can be used as bedding for livestock;
- in greenhouses, industrial greenhouses, sawdust can act as a constituent of the soil, plant nutrition;
- sawdust on their own excellent fuel;
- sawdust - compost in agriculture;
- for private houses sawdust is used as insulation in attics and basements;
- production of chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, furniture structures sawdust - the main raw material;
- for sewage treatment plants in industry, sawdust can serve as waste water filters;
- sawdust in half with peat - magnificent dry closet filler.
During the cooking of pine and cedar bark, woody greens, condensate accumulates at the bottom of the distillation vat, which is called VAT residue.One of the inexpensive productions is its processing at coniferous extract.
Coniferous extract has a lot of biologically active substances that dissolve in water during prolonged cooking.
This condensate contains a large number of substances that have a beneficial effect on living organisms, including humans:
- vitamins;
- chlorophylls;
- organic acids.
Concentration of condensate turns it into a coniferous extract, which has high consumer properties.
The extract can be successfully used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry in agriculture, as well as a preparation for taking therapeutic baths. Coniferous extract can also be used for the industrial production of antibiotics for animals.
Feed meal
After digestion of the extract, approximately 90% of the feedstock (pine and cedar bark, tree greens) remains in the form of waste solid waste. Business income can be increased with further processing of solid waste into feed meal.
Feed flour has bactericidal and anti-tuberculosis properties. It can be used as an alternative to roughage.
fertilizers
Fertilizer can be prepared from wood waste using a fairly simple composting process.The main costs in the implementation of this project are the laying and equipment of trenches for the preparation of compost mass.
It would be advisable to use such compost to improve the fertility of highly mineralized and loamy soils.
Charcoal
Recycling wood waste is a promising area that has a lot of areas for implementation. Many technologies that are based on the processing of wood waste are successful in the market.
- one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly fuels, consisting of almost one hundred percent carbon. When burned, it does not poison the air with toxic fumes and is quite convenient for quick cooking. It can be used not only in the economy, but also in industrial production.
A number of chemical and metallurgical industries operate on its use, from small to large ones. In the construction industry, it is used as an insulating material. Just like other derivatives of wood waste, it is successfully used in agriculture as a feed additive for livestock and poultry.
The spent mass of wood waste can be used for further processing as fuel.The use of modern and environmentally friendly fuels will help provide the population with inexpensive energy sources, while reducing the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
Thus, the negative impact on the environment is reduced, and the sanitary condition of forests is improved.
In recent years, the EU countries have been undergoing a very active transition to organic fuel. The market is stimulated by government agencies, turning towards:
- fuel pellets;
- briquettes;
- firewood.
Energy carriers from wood waste are currently purchased in significant quantities.
We buy equipment
Of course, processing requires:
- equipment;
- electricity;
- room;
- warehouses for storing raw materials and finished products.
Equipment for the production of briquettes and fuel pellets on the market is available in sufficient variety, both from foreign and domestic factories. With equal quality, Russian equipment costs several cheaper.
The equipment package includes:
- chipper(machine for grinding raw materials), from 180 thousand rubles to 2.3 million rubles;
- granulator. Cost from 50 thousand rubles. up to 2.1 million rubles The price for the OGM-1.5 granulator model is about 1 million rubles;
- Dryer. The spread of prices ranges from 150 thousand rubles. up to 2.5 million rubles;
- packing machine. Price - from 80 thousand rubles. up to 2 million rubles
In general, equipment for making, for example, pellets can be an industrial line or a mini-granulator.
Approximate cost:
- an industrial line that produces 1 ton/hour costs about $132,000;
- with a capacity of 2 tons / hour will cost 196 thousand dollars;
- the price of the line for 4.5 tons / hour is about 408 thousand dollars.
The price for a finished line, providing a capacity of 300 kg of product per hour, is about 1 million rubles. In the same case, if there is a room (own suburban area) and raw materials (wood waste at the lowest price or free of charge for pickup), then the investment, taking into account organizational issues, will amount to a little more than 1 million rubles.
Implementation and expansion of production
The sale of manufactured products can be carried out through the following channels:
- wholesale firms that export goods abroad;
- you can open your own online store;
- sale through own outlets in the construction and economic markets;
- sales to organizations that sell in construction markets and supermarkets.
One of the best ways business expansion for the sale of products based on sawdust is cooperation with municipalities.
The fact is that oil-fired boilers are installed in many formations. Their efficiency is many times lower than the efficiency of pellet boilers. If we agree with the local authorities on the replacement of fuel oil with pellet boilers(at the expense of budgetary funds) and the supply of your products, then everyone benefits.
Local authorities receive significant savings during the heating season, and fuel producers receive a significant channel for selling their own products.
It is also worth paying attention to areas where there is no gasification.
In such areas, it is possible with considerable success for business to sell fuel briquettes.
But first it is necessary to explain the advantages of boilers operating on fuel briquettes.
Business expansion opportunities will thus be achieved by increasing the number of sales of manufactured products.
Difficulties
The difficulties that may arise in the implementation of this business are usually reduced to several points:
- transportation of finished products over long distances is not always profitable;
- when certifying, for example, fuel pellets, certain difficulties may arise. The second point is the composition of the fuel: it should not contain more than 30% bark;
- for the full implementation of finished products, it will be necessary to independently search for consumers;
- Control over workers in production is a must for any type of business.
On the other hand, the domestic market of our country needs more and more various wood processing products, and demonstrates full readiness for their use.
Where to start and the price of the question
Production activities require the presence of an individual entrepreneur or LLC under the USN taxation system (6% or 15%, respectively). For the operation of the enterprise it is required:
- 2-3 handymen;
- driver;
- accountant;
- sales manager.
A business based on the use of wood waste, if properly organized, can bring significant profit. At the same time, the level of investments can vary from the smallest to the largest. Which production to choose depends on the level of opportunities and claims.
Due to the huge amount of wood waste to be processed in our country and their affordability, it makes sense to start Earn Money in this industry.
Using such waste as raw materials, businesses will help solve a number of pressing environmental problems:
- cleaning forest areas from wood waste, preventing their decay;
- prevention of forest fires;
- when used as a fuel, there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
- contributes to the conservation of forests.
findings
In Western Europe and many other countries, in recent decades, they have turned their faces to ecological fuels, as well as to non-waste types of production in general.With the active support of the state and subsidies from it in support of these types of businesses, we can soon expect more active development of commercial projects based on the processing of wood waste.
The tendencies developing in the West are always or almost always the forerunners of commercial trends in our country, so it may be worth taking a closer look at them.
Given the ever-increasing global demand for environmentally friendly and cheap energy, people with a commercial streak should hurry to take this most profitable and promising business niche which is just starting to fill up.
This is how a wood chipper works:
In contact with
raw material