Presentation on the topic “The flora of Russia. Flora of Russia Download presentation on the topic of flora
PLANT WORLD OF RUSSIA
TARGET: form an idea of the flora of Russia.
TASKS:
- EDUCATIONAL
To introduce students to the main types of vegetation and the reasons for the diversity of plant communities.
- DEVELOPING
Develop skills in working with additional material, a textbook, a vegetation map.
- EDUCATIONAL
Education of ecological consciousness, respect for the plant world.
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Geography lesson in grade 8 Teacher: Shvetsova V. A. PLANT WORLD OF RUSSIA
PURPOSE: to get acquainted with the diversity of the flora of Russia. OBJECTIVES: 1. Find out the reasons for the diversity of the flora of Russia. 2. Determine the morphological and physiological signs of the adaptability of plants to their environment. 3. Determine the importance of vegetation in nature and for humans.
VEGETATION "FACE OF THE LANDSCAPE" SOIL FORMATION FOOD FOR ANIMALS AND HUMANS SUPPORT OF THE LEVEL OF GROUNDWATER RAW MATERIALS FOR INDUSTRY FORMATION OF THE GAS COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE VEGETATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF NATURE
TYPES OF PLANT COMMUNITIES Map 1. Typical representatives of the flora of Russia
Tundra - a region without trees, dominated by violent winds
Dryad Cloudberry Saxifrage Blueberry Moss Moss TUNDRA PLANTS
TYPES OF PLANT COMMUNITIES PLANT COMMUNITY FORMATION CONDITIONS TYPICAL PLANTS ADAPTABILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 1. Tundra 2. Forest 3. Steppe 4. Desert
Broad-leaved forest Larch forest Mixed forest
FOREST PLANTS Oak Leaves Club Club Lungwort Lungwort Anemone Ranunculus Oxalis
Flowering steppe along the banks of the Manych Stavropol steppe
Biberstein's tulip Shrenk's tulip Baikaragan Volzhsky STEPPE PLANTS Tipchak Hairy feather grass
There is life in the desert. Special, amazing. Life in the sand...
Broomrape Saxaul Wormwood serozem DESERT PLANTS Dzhuzgun twig with fruit Soleros Swelling sedge
TYPES OF PLANT COMMUNITIES PLANT COMMUNITY FORMATION CONDITIONS TYPICAL PLANTS ADAPTABILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 1. Tundra Little heat, short cool growing season, permafrost, winds. Mosses, lichens, cloudberries, dwarf birch, willow. Roots in the surface layer of the soil, creeping, cushion-shaped, small leaves, short stature, perennials. 2. Forest Warm summers, winters from snowy, moderately cold to severe, excessive moisture, permafrost. Coniferous broad-leaved and small-leaved tree species. Trees shed their leaves, larch sheds its needles for the winter, its roots are in the surface layer of the soil. 3. Steppe Cold winter, warm summer, insufficient moisture. Feather grass, fescue, thyme, wormwood, tulips. Narrow, pubescent leaves, powerful root system. 4. Desert Hot summers, moderately cold winters, poor moisture. Saxaul, wormwood, broomrape, sedge, juzgun. Long or branched roots, modified leaves.
An azonal type of vegetation is a type of vegetation that does not form a continuous cover within the flat part of a natural zone (for example: plants of meadows, marshes, tree forms of plants in the floodplains of rivers of treeless natural zones). VEGETATION TYPES A zonal type of vegetation is a type of vegetation that forms a continuous cover within the flat part of a natural zone (for example: forest, steppe type of vegetation).
Why do different plants grow within the same state - Russia?
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DIVERSITY OF THE PLANT WORLD OF RUSSIA geographical location; climatic conditions of the territory (heat and moisture); relief and composition of surface deposits; depth of groundwater; soil features; human activity.
Consolidation of the studied material. Cushion-shaped, twisted tree trunk, small leaves. Which natural zone is characterized by the listed adaptations of plants? Find the extra plant and underline it. Pine, oak, birch, saxaul. Find a pair (connect the pair with an arrow). Tundra Spruce Steppe Yagel Forest Feather Finish the sentence. The decisive factor that affects the formation and distribution of zonal types of vegetation is ___________________. Insert blanks. The absence of trees in the steppe is explained by the insufficient _______________, and in the tundra by the lack of __________________.
Homework. 1. Paragraph 18, p. 100 - 104; 2. Oral response to the following question: Pay attention to the picture. “Going into the forest, we can see mushrooms under the trees: under birch trees - boletus, under aspens - boletus. This is a special type of relationship between organisms - symbiosis. But there are mushrooms in nature just below the trees. Can you explain where this phenomenon can be observed, and what is its cause?
plant community
Formation conditions
typical plants
Adaptability to environmental conditions
Little heat, short cool growing season, permafrost, winds.
Mosses, lichens, cloudberries, dwarf birch, willow.
Roots in the surface layer of the soil, creeping, cushion-shaped, small leaves, short stature, perennials.
Warm summers, winters from snowy, moderately cold to severe, excessive moisture, permafrost.
Coniferous broad-leaved and small-leaved tree species.
Trees shed their leaves, larch sheds its needles for the winter, its roots are in the surface layer of the soil.
Cold winters, warm summers, insufficient moisture.
Feather grass, fescue, thyme, wormwood, tulips.
Narrow, pubescent leaves, powerful root system.
4. Desert
Hot summers, moderately cold winters, poor moisture.
Saxaul, wormwood, broomrape, sedge, juzgun.
Long or branched roots, modified leaves.
slide 1
Arctic deserts "Land of ice and darkness" (F. Nansen) Back "Arctic" is translated as a bear. The natural zone is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Hurricane winds, polar days and nights, low temperatures make the natural area unsuitable for the habitat of many plants.slide 2
Tundra Tundra comes from the word "tunturi", which in translation from the language of the Sami people means "hills" - low peaks that are not covered with forest.
slide 3
Taiga Taiga is a name given to coniferous forests that are common south of the tundra. These forests run in a continuous strip from the western borders of Russia to Eastern Siberia, occupying most of the forest zone.
slide 4
Arctic deserts Vegetation does not form a continuous cover. Separate patches of lichens, individual stems of plants are replaced by bare areas. The zone of arctic deserts occupies insignificant patches of rocky land, which for a short time are released from under the snow on the islands and on the mainland (it only adjoins the outskirts of the tundra in the north of Taimyr with a narrow border).
slide 5
Tundra Tundra plants have adapted to the short summer, the proximity of permafrost and waterlogged soils. All plants are undersized, many of them creep along the ground, almost all plants have small, pubescent, "felt" leaves. Many plants in the tundra overwinter in green and under snow! In the short months of summer, the tundra turns into a flower and berry garden. It is replete with bright corollas of petals, beads of lingonberries, cranberries, cloudberries glow with lights, bluish blueberries turn blue.
slide 6
Taiga In the taiga area, the climate is warmer than in the tundra. In the European part of the country, the taiga is formed mostly by spruce and common pine. In Western Siberia, there are fir, pine, and spruce. Eastern Siberia consists of larch and pine. In the Far East there are coniferous-deciduous forests.
Slide 8
Mixed forests “...and here in the mixed strip, the gloominess of spruce is softened by broad-leaved oak, the knotty of oak is smoothed by the softness of needles ... Soft, tender forest. A spruce grows next to an oak, a pine tree with a disheveled top soared over the forest like a copper-trunk column, a sharp-leaved maple and a rounded linden appeared, an ash waved its feathery leaves, an aspen fluttered ... "N. Mikhailov
Slide 9
Broad-leaved forests Broad-leaved forests occupy a narrow strip between mixed forests and forest-steppe on the Russian Plain; they are found in the Far East. In the zone of sufficient moisture, on brown forest soils, there is a zone of broad-leaved forests.
slide 10
Broad-leaved forests The brightest representatives of the zone of broad-leaved species are heat-loving and deciduous species: oak, beech, maple, hornbeam, linden ... Broad-leaved forests are rich in tree and shrub species. Broad-leaved trees have a rather large leaf blade. Such a leaf evaporates a lot of water.
slide 11
Steppes Steppes are treeless expanses of temperate and subtropical zones, covered with herbaceous vegetation on chernozem and chestnut soils. In Russia, the steppes are located in the south of the European part of Russia, on the West Siberian Plain and in some places in the mountain belt of Southern Siberia.
slide 12
Steppes Treeless areas covered with grassy vegetation. The most prominent representatives are feather grass, fescue, flowering - tulips, irises, sage, sweet clover.
slide 13
Deserts and semi-deserts This zone is characterized by extreme aridity and continental climate, saline soils and sparse vegetation. In Russia, this zone is located in the Caspian and Eastern Ciscaucasia.
slide 14
Deserts and semi-deserts Deserts are common in areas where the climate is even drier and hotter than in the steppes. Vegetation does not form a continuous cover. Plants are well adapted to drought and salty and sandy soils. Bright representatives are camel thorn, saxaul, wormwood, saltwort.