Rhythmic gymnastics Olympic champions. Olympic history of rhythmic gymnastics. Victoria Filanovsky. Israel

Gymnastics- This is an Olympic sport that includes competitions in floor exercises, exercises on gymnastic apparatus, as well as vaults. The women's all-around program includes: floor exercises, exercises on bars of different heights, balance beam and vaults. Men's all-around program: floor exercises, vault, as well as exercises on the following apparatus: rings, pommel horse, crossbar and parallel bars.

The International Federation of Gymnastics (IFG) is a federation of gymnastic sports.

The history of the emergence and development of artistic gymnastics

Gymnastics appeared in ancient Greece in the 8th century BC and was a set of physical exercises aimed at comprehensive development. Gymnastic exercises served as a means of preparing young men for participation in the Olympic Games.

When did gymnastics appear?

In the 8th century BC.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, gymnastics was forgotten, but with the establishment of humanism at the turn of the XIV-XV centuries, social thought took a vector towards the comprehensive development of the individual, with special attention paid to physical health. Only then did people again turn to ancient culture and gradually began to introduce into the system of education and its physical side - gymnastics.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a movement of philanthropists appeared in Germany. In the schools they created, gymnastics, which was developed and taught by G. Fit and I. Guts-Muts, occupied an important place. F.L. Jan completed the creation of the German gymnastics system. In parallel with the German, gymnastics systems were created in France, Sweden and the Czech Republic.

Gymnastics was officially recognized as a sport in 1896 after it was included in the program of the first modern Olympic Games. At first, only men entered the Olympic gymnastic platform, and in 1928, women's competitions were held for the first time.

Where did gymnastics originate?

In Ancient Greece.

Rules of gymnastics (briefly)

Both for men and women, the winners of the competitions are determined on individual implements, in the absolute championship and in the team standings. In all events, except for the women's vault, athletes are given only one attempt each. In the women's vault, the average score is calculated based on the results of two attempts.

Each athlete himself determines the program of his performances, it must meet the requirements regarding the type and complexity of the exercises.

Competition program and gymnastic equipment

Typically, gymnastics competitions are held on 7 apparatus:

Exercises on the uneven bars. Men's exercises on uneven bars combine dynamic and static elements. The gymnast must use the entire length of the apparatus, perform elements above and below the bars. Exercises must necessarily end with a spectacular dismount.

Women's exercises on uneven bars include rotations around the upper and lower poles, as well as various technical elements performed above and below them with rotation around the longitudinal and transverse axes using a grip with one and two hands. The correct name for women's gymnastic bars is uneven.

Floor exercise in gymnastics, they are a combination of individual elements, as well as their ligaments. It can be somersaults, somersaults, splits, racks and other elements. Judges evaluate the complexity of the program and its individual elements, as well as the purity and confidence of execution. No less important is the originality of the presented composition and the artistry of the athlete. The performance time is limited: 1 minute 10 seconds for men and one and a half minutes for women.

What is the difference between artistic gymnastics and acrobatics?

Acrobatics is a sport that includes various jumps, rolls, body rotations with and without support. Artistic gymnastics additionally includes exercises on gymnastic equipment.

Horse exercises are a combination of swinging and rotational movements, as well as handstands, during which all parts of the projectile must be involved.

Ring exercises are a combination of flywheel and power elements on a special movable projectile in the form of two wooden rings on special cables. Performing exercises necessarily ends with a dismount.

Vault is performed from a running start using additional support in the form of a jumping horse. In this exercise, the height and range of the jump, its complexity, the purity of execution and landing are evaluated.

Crossbar exercises are a combination of rotational elements around the bar with and without turns, as well as elements with hand release. The athlete does not have the right to touch the bar with his body. The performance must end with a jump.

Balance beam exercises represent a single composition of dynamic and static elements performed standing, sitting and lying on a special projectile. The duration of the speech should not exceed one and a half minutes.

What is the name of the apparatus in gymnastics?

Uneven and parallel bars, crossbar, horse, gymnastic bridge, rings, balance beam, gymnastic carpet.

Rules for Refereeing in Artistic Gymnastics

The performances of the gymnasts are evaluated by the chief judge and eight judges who “serve” one or another apparatus. Two of the judges evaluate the difficulty of the exercises, while the other six evaluate the technique. The judges who evaluate the complexity of the program and the judges who observe the technique of performance make marks independently of each other: the best and worst of them are not taken into account, and the average score is derived from the remaining four.

Today, the resounding victories of Russian gymnasts in various competitions are familiar to contemporaries. But even 30 years ago, these achievements did not exist at the Olympic Games. The history at the Olympics, in that impeccable and victorious form, began not so long ago.

Olympic history of rhythmic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics as a type of competition came to the Olympics only in 1984. The decision to accept this sport as part of the Olympic tournaments was made at a congress held after the 1980 Olympics. 1984 became the starting point for the Olympic competitions in rhythmic gymnastics, where only women's teams take part. However, the USSR national team did not take part in these debut competitions - the Union announced a boycott and refused to participate in this Olympics. It was a response to the US boycott of the 1980 Olympics.

The very first Olympic champion in rhythmic gymnastics was the Canadian athlete Lori Fang. Of course, without the participation of Soviet athletes, other countries of the world had a good chance of winning. But, refusing to participate in the games at the Olympics-84, many countries united and created an alternative tournament. Here, in rhythmic gymnastics, gymnasts from Bulgaria especially excelled.

Golden Age of Bulgarian gymnasts

The unofficial games of the Soviet countries were held in Sofia, and two Bulgarian gymnasts then received the highest award. The debut performance of the USSR national team in rhythmic gymnastics was marked by the second place.

Marina Lobach went down in history as the first Soviet Olympic champion in rhythmic gymnastics.

At the 1988 Olympics, the struggle for championship in gymnastics was already much more serious. Bets were placed on the brilliant performance of Bulgarian athletes in the past, but the girls from the USSR national team did not plan to retreat and were excellently prepared. The final fight between two Bulgarians and girls from the USSR was brilliant, but Marina Lobach flawlessly completed the qualifying program, so she got the gold. And so began the triumphal procession of Russian gymnasts on the Olympic pedestals.

The victory at the Olympics-88 for the gymnasts of the Soviet Union was final. After the collapse of the USSR, a national team formed from gymnasts from the CIS countries went to the 1992 Olympic Games. The team included Alexandra Timoshenko and Oksana Skaldina, both girls were from Ukraine. The gold medal of those games went to Alexandra, and the silver went to Spain.

The Summer Games in 1996 were not so victorious for the Russian team. The speakers of Yana Batyrshina stunned the audience and the jury on the spot with their new elements and general approach to the performance. But Yana could only get silver in the individual all-around. In the group performance, Russia was awarded bronze. This alignment only spurred the coach Irina Viner and the athletes, and already at the next Olympics, Russia becomes the owner of the gold medal.

Viner, Zaripova, Kabaeva, Batyrshina at competitions in Japan. 1997

The Sydney Olympics in 2000 became "gold" for Yulia Barsukova, however, according to journalists, Alina Kabaeva unanimously became the star of the games. It is she who will get the gold medal at the next Olympic competition. In 2004, the team will take home 2 medals in total - they deserve silver in these competitions.

Olympic champions

In 2008, the sports world met a unique Russian gymnast - Evgenia Kanaeva. The winner of the Beijing Games was Anna Bessonova, who took first place, who took home the bronze. Returning to Moscow, the girls worked even harder, preparing for new Olympic heights. The next Olympics, held in London in 2012, left no chance for gymnasts from other countries to win. Both the highest awards - both gold and silver medals in the individual all-around went to Russia with their owners - Zhenya Kanaeva and Dasha Dmitrieva. Gold in group exercises deserved from Ukraine. Two-time winner, Olympic champion in rhythmic gymnastics Evgenia Kanaeva is almost ending her sports career, but worthy athletes are already preparing to replace her.

The 2016 Rio Olympics made the Russian team the absolute winner in both types of performances - both in the group and in the individual all-around, the girls took first place. The amazing exercises of Russia, which were demonstrated by the gymnasts, brought Yana Kudryavtseva to the final with a silver medal. And in the group all-around, the victory was not easy - the number with ribbons barely brought the Russian team into the TOP-3 according to estimates, which made all the fans nervous. But a little later, in the room with hoops and clubs, the athletes resolutely took the lead, leaving no chance for other teams.

At the same Olympics, a new star of Russian gymnastics, Margarita Mamun, lit up in the sports sky. According to the results of the competition, a young, 19-year-old girl won an unconditional victory in the individual all-around.

Undoubtedly, rhythmic gymnastics and Russia are almost inseparable concepts in the world of sports. Being the winners of all Olympic competitions, Russian gymnasts do not stop, winning more and more new titles and titles in other tournaments. And many athletes in the standings based on the results of all their victories have titles with the prefixes "multiple", "absolute" or "record". This speaks of the phenomenal diligence and diligence of fragile but strong girls.

Honored Master of Sports, Winner of the XXVIII Olympic Games 2004 in Athens. Bronze medalist of the XXVII Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney. Two-time absolute world champion (1999 and 2003). Five-time absolute European champion (1998-2000, 2002, 2004). Six-time absolute champion of Russia (1999-2001, 2004, 2006, 2007). Cavalier of the Orders of Friendship and "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree.

Olympic champion-2016 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), seven-time world champion in rhythmic gymnastics (2013, 2014, 2015), four-time European champion (2013, 2015), four-time winner of the Universiade in Kazan (2013), champion of the I European Games 2015 in Baku, multiple winner of the Grand Prix and World Cup stages.

Silver medal winner at the 2016 Olympics (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The youngest three-time absolute world champion in the history of rhythmic gymnastics (2013, 2014, 2015). Thirteen-time world champion (2013, 2014, 2015), eleven-time European champion (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). Four-time champion of the I European Games (2015). Multiple winner of the World Cup and Grand Prix tournaments.

The first ever two-time Olympic champion in the individual all-around. Three-time absolute world champion, winner of 14 gold medals at the World Championships, three-time absolute European champion, winner of 10 gold medals at the European Championships in certain types of programs. Multiple absolute champion of Russia, two-time absolute winner of the World Universiade, winner of 7 gold medals of the Universiade in certain types of programs. Winner of the World Games. Multiple winner of the World Cup and Grand Prix tournaments.

Honored Master of Sports,
Silver medalist of the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad 2004 in Athens.
.
Two-time absolute champion of Russia (2003 and 2005)
She was awarded the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class.

Honored Master of Sports,
Silver medalist of the Games of the XXVI Olympiad in Atlanta
Repeated world and European champion in the team event and in certain types of all-around
Two-time absolute champion of Russia (1996 and 1998)
Awarded with the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree

Multiple absolute world champion (2017, 2018, 2019)
Multiple world champion in certain types of programs (2017, 2018, 2019)
Multiple champion (2017, 2019) and prize-winner (2018) of the European Championship
European Games Champion(2019)

Absolute European Champion (2018)
European Champion in individual exercises and in a team (2019)
World champion in the team and prize-winner of the World Championship (2018, 2019)
Multiple world champion (2017)
Multiple European champion in certain types of programs (2017, 2019)
Multiple winner of the World Cup and Grand Prix

World Champion in certain types of the program (2018)
Multiple world champion (2014, 2015, 2018) and Europe (2016, 2017, 2019) in the team
Prize-winner of the Championships (2015, 2018) of the world and Europe (2017, 2019)
Multiple winner of the World Cup and Grand Prix

Honored Master of Sports
Silver medalist of the World Championships 2009, 2010, 2011
Multiple World Champion in the team event and individual types of all-around
European Champion 2011 in the team event
Silver medal at the 2011 European Championships in the exercise with a hoop
Silver medal at the 2011 European Championships in ribbon exercise
European Junior Champion 2006
Multiple winner of the World Cup and Grand Prix tournaments
Moscow region, Dmitrov

Honored Master of Sports, Absolute World Champion 2005. Repeated world and European champion in the team event and in certain types of all-around. Fourth place in the individual championship at the XXIX Olympic Games in Beijing. y.y. Moscow - Moscow region

Honored Master of Sports.
Repeated winner of the World Cup in various all-around events.
Silver medalist of the World Games in exercises with a rope, ball, clubs (2001 Akita).
European Champion in the team event (2002 Granada).
Winner of international tournaments.
Champion of Russia in exercises with a rope, a hoop. Silver medalist in the all-around.

Honored Master of Sports
Bronze medalist at the 1993 World Championship. in all-around Alicante
Silver medalist of the 1995 World Championships in the all-around, Paris
Repeated world and European champion in the team event and in certain types of all-around
The absolute winner of the III Goodwill Games in 1994. St. Petersburg
4th place in the all-around at the XXVI Olympic Games in Atlanta
Two-time absolute champion of Russia (1994-1995)

Honored Master of Sports,
Absolute world champion 1992. in Brussels (5 gold medals out of 5).
Absolute winner of the X-year Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR
She tragically died in a car accident on February 11, 1993.